ON I. Man and His Family 1. NAME What is your name? (How do they call you? How is one to call you?) My name is —. (I am called —.) I shall call you by your first name. My name is Edward, Ned for short. My maiden name is —. What’s his nickname? What’s the pet name of the child? How do you spell your name?I’m going to call you Bill for short. He goes by the name of Dicky. I was called after my father. Don’t call me Nell, it’s a liberty I don’t allow. The name he told me was quite different. Name your name. What are the relations between you and N.? I am distantly related to her on my mother’s side. He is no relative of mine. We are distantly related. He (she) is my distant cousin. He (she) is my remote kinsman. 2. AGE How old are you? (What is your age?) I am sixteen (years old). I am sixteen (years of age). I am about twenty. I am not twenty yet. (I am still in my teens. I am under twenty. I am on the right side of twenty.) I am over twenty. (I am on the wrong side of twenty.) I am well past twenty. I will never see twenty again. I am just out of my twenties. I am twenty odd. I am hard on thirty. He cannot be a day over forty. When were you born?I was born on the 15th of May, 1976. | was born in the year nineteen hundred and seventy-six. When is your birthday? I was 15 on Tuesday last week. When is your name-day? Are you of age? No, I’m still under age. Are you of military age (of the call-up age)? He is aging fast. She is a marriageable girl. They are all teen-agers. He is in his manhood. He is my senior (junior) by a year. They are exactly as old as each other. (They are (of) the same age.) He is twice as old as I am. They are all younger than he is. He has grown old. He has lived to a great age. He is as old as the hills. I should like to live to be old. She’ll outlive anyone. She is beginning to show her years. (Her age is beginning to tell on her.) A man is as old as he feels (looks). He looks young for his age. She looks her age.3. ORIGIN AND NATIONALITY What country are you from? (What country do you come from? Where are you from?) Where is your birthplace? Where were you born? I was born in N. I belong here. He is from (comes _ from) France. What is your nationality? Where were you brought up (raised)? What are you by origin? He is my countryman. She is my countrywoman. Are you Swedish? No, I am not Swedish. I come from Bulgaria, I am a Bulgarian. What is your native language? My native language is Russian. I speak Russian. Do you speak the language of this country? 4. APPEARANCE What does he look like? He is a handsome man. She is lovely (lovely-looking). She is beautiful. She was decidedly pretty. I have never seen a face half so beautiful. She is an attractive (a fetching) girl. She is a nice-looking (comely) girl.Nearly all girls are good- looking, some are pretty, a few — a very few — are beautiful. She had a fascinating smile. He was all smiles. She was of fair complexion. He had that order of nose which people call “snub”. You bear your age well. Time stands still with you. Yes, he can carry his years and he is as young as he looks. What’s the matter with you? You don’t look yourself. What makes you look so wretched? She contrasted him with her friend. She had a likeness to N. There’s no family likeness at all between you and her. She is like her mother. The child took after its mother in appearance and character. Is that a beauty-spot or a mole (birth-mark) that you have on your cheek? Her mouth was strong and vivid. He was not fat, but he was exceedingly well-fed. She had a queenly carriage. I never met a fellow so strangely constituted. He is six feet five inches tall. (He is six feet five.)She was a_ pleasant-looking woman of about forty with soft brown hair and dark brown eyes. She is a beauty with the kindest eyes you have ever seen. She had steel-coloured eyes. She has rather dark brown hair and good grey eyes. His eyes were lost in a maze of wrinkles. Her eyes were large, brilliant and black. Face Long, oval, round, square Thin Fleshy, puffy, wrinkled Pasty, pimpled Freckled, pock-marked Swarthy, gaunt Sunburned (tanned, browned) Clean-shaven Features Chiselled, clean-cut Delicate, forceful Regular, irregular Large (massive), small, stern Smile Charming Engaging, happy Pleasant, pleased Sweet, broad Cunning, faint, ironicalSad, strained Wry, enigmatic Winning Complexion Dark, fair Sallow Skin Delicate, rough Nose Aquiline, flat Hooked, snub Fleshy Lips Full, thick, rosy Painted Parched, parted To bite one’s lips To compress one’s lips To curl one’s lips To purse one’s lips Cheeks Chubby (plump), hollow (sunken) Pale, pink Rouged, ruddy Stubby (unshaven), wrinkled Dimples in one’s cheeks Mouth Firm, large (big), small Stern, toothless, strong VividFigure Fat, paunchy, plump Stout, well-fed, lathy Lean (mostly about men), slender Slim (about a woman), slight Neat (mostly about women) Graceful Stature Diminutive, tall Short, middle-sized Hand Calloused Hairy, large, small Puffy, soft Legs Long, short Slender, shapely Eyebrows Arched, bushy Pencilled, beetling Shaggy To knit (frown) one’s eyebrows To raise one’s eyebrows Forehead Broad, doomed, high (tall) Large (open), low Narrow, retreating Hair Black, jet-blackDark, brown Auburn, fair Blond, golden, red Reddish, grey Grizzling (grizzled), ash-blonde Crisp, waved, curled Curly, lank (straight), thick Abundant, scanty (thin), short Sleek (smooth), silky Luxuriant, rumpled, dishevelled Long, dyed, bobbed (shingled) Bald (bald-headed) Braids (plaits) A lock, a curl, a ringlet A forelock A brunette, a blond(e) Teeth Close-set, even, uneven Large, small (tiny), sparse A set of teeth Jaw Square, strong Chin Double, pointed Protruding, round Massive Eyes Kind (good), warm Blue, brown Dark, grey Hazel, steel-greyBulging, close-set, deep-set, sunken Blue-eyed, cross-eyed Eyelashes Curving, straight, thick 5. CHARACTER What is he like? Give me a touch on_ his character. What sort of girl is Anne N.? You have painted his character in such bright (dark) colours that —. I can form no idea of his character. He is easily pleased. He is generous and kind. She is a meek and gentle creature. He is bright and good-tempered. He is a warm-hearted and gen- erous man. He is of a somewhat romantic nature. He is very trustful and always cheerful. She is a lovely girl with a spirit that is always bright and happy. He is always full of joy and gaiety. He is of a gentle (cheerful) disposition. She is a modest and virtuous girl. He is of a grave and serious nature (turn of mind). He is a man of character. He is a man of no character.He is a cunning and dishonest man. She is young, rich and egoistic. He is a double-faced scoundrel. His morals are rather elastic. (His conscience is elastic.) He is a rather reserved and bottled-up man. He tries to pass for more than he is worth. He is a careless easy-going fellow. He takes things lightly. She is a weak, characterless girl, full of prejudices. He is not of a forgiving nature (temper). He is the falsest man that I’ve ever met. He is the most shameless man in the world. What a hard-hearted thing you are! 6. LANGUAGE Are you good at languages? I know three fairly well. I have a good command of the language. I’m quite at home with my English. I have a working knowledge of English. They took me for an English- man.You speak English clearly (flu- ently, fairly well, abomina- bly). Your English has improved. Your vocabulary is enormous. He is very good at (talented for, gifted for) languages. (He is very quick at picking up languages.) My English needs brushing up. My English is degrading. My knowledge of the language is very small. He has a smattering of English. He spoke in ruinous (broken) English. He speaks poor English. (His English is poor.) You speak with a very strong accent. I’m going to have a dig at En- glish. (I want to take up English.) I took up English last year, but I dropped it again. I?ll have to learn it all over again. Doesn’t your ear tell you whether the sentence is right or wrong? Latin is a dead language. These two languages are similar. Don’t use strong language. I won’t have any language here. Isn’t it too slangy? What is the English for —?He sprinkled his speech with such words as —. Where did you pick up that word? 7. MARRIAGE She (he) is married. She (he) got married. Whom is she (he) married to? She married (is married to) a worker. They are engaged. They are plighted lovers. Bella takes me. Do you see that young couple over there? They are hus- band and wife — a newly- married couple. Was it a love match? It was a misalliance. She married Dick for love. It was a marriage of conveni- ence. The Smiths were married in a religious rite. We were married in a civil form of marriage. It was an illegal marriage. Have you the marriage certifi- cate (marriage lines)? Were you at their wedding? Show me your wedding-ring (engagement-ring). You carry marriage rather lightly. He was not of the marrying sort. (He was not in the marrying line.)8. FAMILY The Smiths have adopted an orphan. The paternity of the child is unknown. They are twins (twin-brothers, twin-sisters). She is a widow (grass widow). Her sister is a spinster. She is an expectant mother. He is a widower (bachelor). He is a family man. She has five children, each smaller than the last. There are five of them. We descend from a_ peasant family. This is our rising generation. He is a pet-model. Look at those young toddlers (tiny tots). Members of the Family Parents Old folks at home (old folks) A father, a mother A son, a daughter A senior son A junior son The eldest son (daughter) The youngest son (daughter) A full brother (sister) An elder brother (sister) The eldest brother (sister) A younger brother (sister) The youngest brother (sister)Ancestors Grandparents A grandfather (grandpapa, grandpa, grand-dad) A grandmother (grandmamma, grandma, granny, grannie) A great grandfather (-mother) Descendants Grandchildren A great grandchild A great grandson (a grand- daughter) Relatives Have you any relation to them? He (she) is my — A first cousin A second cousin A father (mother)-in-law An uncle (aunt) A nephew (niece) A son (daughter)-in-law A sister-in-law A step-father (-mother) A step-child (stepson (-daugh- ter) A step-brother (-sister) (half- brother (-sister) A milk (foster) -brother (-sister) A foster-father (-mother) A foster-child A godchild (godson, goddaugh- ter) A godfather (godmother)eo , t, ~ < DNAS Wile paey TRAN Bie a ran Ti 4 oa eh i) II. Meeting People 1. FORMS OF ADDRESS I say! Hey! Hallo! (Hullo! Hello!) Hallo, I say! I say, young man! Listen you! You, there! Just a moment, Tom! Look (see) here, Tom!Look here now, Tom! (Now look here, Tom!) Tom, listen to me. Tom! Listen! You know what, Tom, let’s —. I beg your pardon. Excuse me, but —. ] tell you, Tom, you are —. Young man! Young lady! Lady! Madam (ma’am)! Gentlemen! Ladies and Gentlemen! Gentle reader! Dear listeners! My dear! (Darling!) My life! My dear (good) fellow! Old girl (boy, man)! Old cock(chap)! Mama (ma) Papa (daddy, dad) Auntie Uncle Granny Mr. Smith (Mister) Mrs. Smith (Mistress — his wife; pronounced ['musiz])Miss Smith (his eldest daughter) Miss Mary (Smith) (his younger daughter) Master Smith (his senior son) Master Tom (Smith) (his junior son) You are Doctor N.? Are you Doctor N.? You, sir, I address myself to. Now, are you attending me, Tom? And now, please, attend to me. A. You were wishing to speak to me, sir? B. Yes, I was. Have I your permission? A. By all means. 2. SOME POSSIBLE ANSWERS TO GREETING I am quite well, thank you. (Thank you, I am quite well.) Quite well, thanks. (Very well. Thank you. Quite well, I am much obliged. I am all right, thank you.) Very pleased. Lively. Never better. So-so. (From fair to middling.) I am unwell. Ever so glad to meet you! M. Very glad to see you again, Mr. N. N. Thank you, sir.M. Oh, my dear, delighted to see you again. N. How do you do. M. Morning, Tom! T. How are you, father? G. Good afternoon, cousin Al- ice, Mrs. L., Mr. L.! ALL. Good afternoon, George! K. Good day, Alice. Good af- ternoon, Mr. N.! A. How do you do! M. How do you do, everybody! ALL. We are all right, thanks! M. Good evening to you, Mary. And good evening to you, my little friend Tom! T. Good evening, sir! > . Hello, Daddy. How are you feeling on a fine morning like this? D. Terrible! M. Hello, old man! How goes it? N. Quite well, thank you. How are you? M.I am pretty well, thanks. How’s all the family? (How are all at home?) N. Thank you, all are well. T. Why, hello, Bob! B. Oh! How do you do, Tom! M. Hello! It’s you! N. Yes. B. Hello, Tom! T. Why, it’s you! T. Hello, Huck!H. Hello, yourself! L. Hello, you two! (Hello, boys!) BOTH. Tom Larkins! By gum! It’s you, isn’t it? L. My own self. (My very self.) M. How are you? N. Middling, and you? M. Pretty well, thank you. N. What have you been doing with yourself? M. Living. K. How fares it? P. There’s nothing particular new under the sun. And how goes the world with you? K. I am toddling along as usual. (Toddling along in the same old way.) N. Oh, what a lucky chance! Don’t you recognize me? M. Mister N., if I am_ not mistaken? N. No other. P. Do you see much of Tom? N. No, I haven’t seen much of him of late. (I have seen little of him lately.) J. You wanted to see me, Tom? T. That’s right, Jack. How are things? J. Not bad, could be worse. (Couldn’t be worse.) M. How’s life? N. I’m in a hole. B. How’s old socks? P. Fair. How are you? B. Fine.P. You remember Tom? B. Perfectly. Fine fellow he was. I hardly ever see him. I saw him but once. He and I meet sometimes. We seldom meet. I have the pleasure of meeting him sometimes. 3. REMARKS ABOUT THE WEATHER M. Morning! N. Fine morning! M. Oh, yes, it’s a mighty fine morning. K. Delightful morning, sir! P. Heavenly! A. Nice day today! B. Yes, it’s a fine day! A. Lovely weather today, isn’t it? M. Indeed it is. K. Beastly weather we are hav- ing, aren’t we? P. Extremely rotten! 4. REMARKS ABOUT THE APPEARANCE B. Hello, Tom! You’re thinner. T. Some. B. Older, too. It’s only three years, but you’re more than three years older. M. How’s your health? N. I am alive. A. My friend is well?B. In the best of health. A. And how’s your wife? B. Nicely, thank you. K. Is your family doing well? M. Nicely, thank you. K. And how’s Dan? M. Very low. (As fine as silk.) B. You are so very much changed. I hope you are well, Mr. M.? M. Right as a trivet, sir. A. You look perfectly worn out. Anything wrong with you? B. Well, this hot weather has been trying me. 5. WHEN PEOPLE MEET, THEY MAY SAY: You have changed a great deal. You don’t look yourself. How goes it? (How is every- thing?) What is the news? Well, well. How are you anyway? Where in the world have you been? Why, where have you been hid- ing all this time? Well, Tom, what wind brings you here? By what chance? Don’t you know us, Bob? This is Tom L. and me, Jack N. Where did you spring from? I haven’t seen you for ages (for years)!It’s refreshing to meet you, so stale the world is. What luck running into you! (What a good thing I have met you!) What a lucky chance! (What a piece of luck!) Well, well, Tom! By God, it’s good to see you again. How in the world do you hap- pen to be here? You are the very man I wanted. I extremely wished to meet with you. I am pleased to have met with you. You are the last person I was ever expecting to see! It’s ashame I haven’t seen more of you these recent years. Talk of the devil (and he is sure to come)! Never was more surprised in my life. 6. ACQUAINTANCE a) Introducing People Vera, I want to introduce you. (Allow me to introduce you. Permit me to introduce you.) I should like to introduce to you Mr. N. My sister, Ann. Tom, this is Mr. N. Mrs. B., may I introduce my friend, Mr. N., to you? This is Mr. N., and this is Mr. B. Let me introduce myself. My name is M.Possible Answers I am (very) glad. (Pleased (very) much.) (I’m) pleased (glad) to meet you. I am happy to meet you. I am pleased (happy) to make your acquaintance. Enchanted, Miss B. It is a pleasure to make your acquaintance, Mr. D. I’ve been looking forward to making your acquaintance, Mr. D. Some Examples A. Vera, allow me to introduce you. This is my old acquain- tance, Mr. N. V. Pleased (very) much. M. Perhaps you will be good enough to introduce me? Of course. This is Mr. D. Happy to make your ac- quaintance, Mr. D. I am very glad. My sister, Ann. Pleased to meet you, Miss Ann. . Tom, this is Mr. N. . Sir, I am pleased to meet you. . How do you do, Tom. ZOD Sn Z2Z2 HRA . Mrs. K., may I introduce my friend, Mr. N., to you? a How do you do, Mr. N:!! Glad to meet you. How do you do, Mrs. K. N. Let me introduce myself. My name is N. ZzM.I am happy to make your acquaintance (to meet you). N. Good morning, Miss M. This is my mother. This is Miss M., Mother dear. M. Hello, Nancy. How are you, Mrs. K. K. Thank you. Miss M. A. Do you know me? B. I have not the pleasure, sir. M. Mr. N., I presume? N. The same at your service. P. Is your name Smith? S. That’s right. K. Which of you is Mr. N.? N. My name, sir. A. I beg your pardon, aren’t you Mr. N.? N. I am, sir. (How do you come to know me? How come you know me? Who may you be? I must ask you for your name.) b) Recognition I seem to know your face. I bet you I know your name. ] did see you sometime (somewhere). You bear resemblance to a friend of mine. I’ve heard about you from N. I’ve heard of you through your sister. Your name has slipped my mind.I’m afraid I don’t know your name (who are you). Your face seems familiar to me, but I can’t recollect your name. My memory is at fault — please remind me of yourself. And how very defective my memory becomes — I really can’t recollect you. I (mis)took you for Tom. I knew him at once. I know him by sight. I know him by name. Try as I would, yet I couldn’t place him in my mind. I couldn’t catch his name. Doesn’t that name tell you anything? I’ve never laid eyes on him before. c) Degree of Acquaintance I know him only by sight. (We are only on bowing terms. We are only on nodding terms.) Our acquaintance has been of so short a duration that I —. He has good (strong) connec- tions (ties) there. They are on good terms (on a good footing together). I get on with him all right. They are on friendly terms. They are on terms of intimacy. We are tried friends. Once they were sworn friends. We are on speaking terms with him.No, he is not a speaking ac- quaintance of mine. It’s the first time I’ve set eyes on him. A. Do you know him? B. Rather. (I know him rather (pretty) well.) I once had a friendly feeling towards her. Ties of friendship bound them. I still regard him kindly. That’s all that I know about him. I have known her since she was in petticoats. He is a perfect stranger to me. He is a particular Triend of mine. 1 know him slightly. They are a common acquain- tance of ours. I have no idea who he is. (I do not know him at all.) Where did you strike up (make) an acquaintance with him? We are acquainted. (We know each other.) How long have you known his sister? I have known her for these two years. d) Breaking off an Acquaintance We have broken off all relations with N. Our relations are rather strained. I am out with him. (We are on the outs.) We are not on speaking terms with him.I have parted company with him. (I have dropped my ac- quaintance with him.) I wouldn’t say we are on bor- rowing terms. We were on bad terms with him for a whole year. 7. VISIT a) Invitation to Come You’ve neglected us scan- dalously. Why don’t you drop in? Drop in any time you please (like). (Call on us any time you feel like it.) Just run in any time you wish. Pop in to see us some day. Turn in when you are free. Do come over to us sometimes. You’ll be welcomed no matter when you come. Bring your friend along with you. When may I expect you? Will four o’clock suit you? Well, come if you like. I hate people who invite themselves. He always fishes for an invitation. Possible Answers With pleasure. Thank you. Sure, sure! Pll call around (drop in, pop in, etc.) sometime.b) Bell The bell rings. Do you hear the bell? Who knocks? Who is there? That’s me. Admit them. Walk in, please. c) Receiving Guests Visitors! I wonder who it can be? Why, it’s Tom! I’m happy to receive you. Why, Ann, you! What a tum you have given me! You, Dick! Who would have thought it? It’s nice to have you here. How good of you to have come. Come in! Don’t stand upon ceremony. Come in, come in. In with you. Won’t you take off your coat (things)? Welcome to our little midst. Most welcome to our home, my dear fellow! Three cheers for our visitor! ] was given a warm reception. I received an open-armed (open-hearted, hearty, cor- dial, rousing) welcome. Ask him into the dining-room. Ladies first. You first. I was given the cold shoulder. It was a strained cordiality.You are as welcome as a storm in May. (You’ve come at an ill time.) I want to tell you that you are not quite welcomed here any more. No, I no longer go there. A. May I come in? B. Oh, yes, you may. (Why, yes!) M. Is Mr. N. in? K. He is. I'll tell him you are here. N. (Coming out) Oh, Mr. M:! How good of you to have come. M. I’ve come by surprise. N. You have come in good time. P. I’ve come just for a moment. R. I, too, have little time to spare. d) At Home May I offer you a chair? (Sit down, please. Take a sit (chair), please. Please be seated. Have chairs.) Make (feel) yourself at home. Keep me company, please. Remain half an hour more. Stay as long as you like. Pll stay if you will. I have no intention of staying long. Ill lunch with you since you are so pressing.A. Won’t you sit down? (Sit down, won’t you?) B. Thank you. M. May I take this seat? N. Why, of course! K. Don’t take the trouble. P. No trouble at all. e) Leaving I’m afraid we’ve outstayed your welcome. 1 will not bother you with my person any more. Well, I mustn’t stay any longer. It'll tire you too much. Good afternoon. I had better go home. It must be late; I have to go. I must be off. ] must rush. It is time we were going. It seems I have prolonged my visit too much. ] will not trespass on your leisure. We do not want to wear out your welcome. ] am sorry to have tired your kindness. Now, isn’t it time to part company? I must be getting along, goodbye. Cheerio! See you soon (again). Well, so long, old man. Farewell, my own.All right then, good night, and good luck. I wish you all good night now. I hope to meet you again. I am not saying goodbye. I shall not be long. I hope J shall have the pleasure to see you tomorrow. (Give) my love to Ann. (Make my compliment to Ann.) Remember me to all at home. I send you my love (in letters). Give my compliments. Remember me kindly (friendly) to Tom. Greetings to Dick. My kindest regards to Hellen. My service to your father. He begs to be remembered. God give you joy. Won’t you kiss me goodbye? It’s hard for me to part with you. Good luck! I wish you the best of everything. I wish you all the luck in the world. Let me hear from you. We shall miss you badly. I wish you a pleasant journey. Am I never to see you again? Unfortunately we can stay only till 12 o’clock. ] thank you for your hospitality.I wouldn’t like you to leave us soon. Thank you for your visit; you have cheered us up. I am sorry that you are leaving so early. I have enjoyed your company very much. East or West, home is best. (There is no place like home.) f) Seeing One Out Allow me to see you out. No, you needn’t show me out. A. You mean to show me the door? V. Yes, the outside of it. g) Not at Home Would you like to come in? Perhaps you will leave word? Will you leave any message? He is out. He is out of town. I am very sorry, but he has not come yet. He will be away all day. He has gone away on a visit. Wait a little bit (a while longer). Sit down and wait, please. He should be at home any minute. ] expect them any minute now. ] am not at home to anybody.8. APPOINTMENT When are we to meet? Do you happen to be free this evening? Are you doing anything partic- ular tonight? Ring me up if you are free. Shall I call for you or you will call on me? Are you quite sure you can come? Name the day (time). Will that time suit you? At what o’clock may I expect you? Up to what time will you be engaged? I'll call round at three. At about six, let’s say. Do try to come. That’ll do nicely. You’ll find me there exactly at 6 o’clock. I’ll come without fail. Why, sure thing I’ll be there. So, it’s settled? Then at 8.30 tonight. He may come yet. He is not likely to come. I’m sick of waiting. We can’t keep the world waiting! Here you are at last! How could you keep me waiting so long? Excuse me for being late. I’m sorry, I’m afraid, I’m late. Was I long in coming? You thought I’d never turn up.It is lucky I’m not later than I am. Sorry to have kept you waiting. I had no idea it would take me so long to get here. It’s the fault of the tram, you know. I hate being late. ] never like keeping people waiting. I’m rather in advance of (ahead of) time. (I’ve come before my time.) We are late as it is. Sorry, but I can’t stop now. 9. CONGRATULATIONS What must one say in English if he wants to congratulate somebody on his birthday? Many happy returns of the day. (I wish you many happy re- turns of the day.) I wish you joy and happiness. Happy birthday to you. I wish you happiness from the bottom of my heart. A. Happy New Year! B. The same to you. I beg to congratulate you on —. ! congratulate you, sir. Congratulations, Mr. N. I am simply bursting to congrat- ulate you. He sends you his greetings.Greetings from my brother. Congratulations came in from all corners of the world. I congratulate you with the promotion. On behalf of my friends. On my behalf. 10. THANKS Thank you (very much, so much, ever so much). Many thanks. (Thanks. Thanks so much. Thanks a lot. My sincere thanks.) Thanks, very much indeed. Thank you a thousand times. (A thousand thanks.) I thank you from the bottom of my heart. I got it. Thank you. I got it thanks to you. Very much obliged (to you). So very obliging of you. I can assure you, I’m most grateful (to you). Oh, my deep gratitude. I have no words to express my (deep) gratitude. I’m terribly grateful. How good (kind) it was of you. I’m greatly indebted to you for —. It’s most thoughtful (of you). Little thanks to you. Your kindness is lost upon him. Dear me, how very unkind of you! Thank you for nothing.Don’t try to thank me. I am gratified. A. I thank you, sir. B. No, thank you. M. Thank you for your help. N. You are welcome. G. Thank you. T. Don’t mention it. (That’s nothing. It’s a mere noth- ing.) 11. APOLOGY I beg your pardon. (Beg pardon. Pardon me.) (I am) sorry. (So sorry. Awfully sorry.) Excuse me! I hope you don’t mind. Don’t take it amiss, please. Ten thousand pardons. Excuse me, if you please. Forgive me inquiring, but —. Kindly excuse me. Excuse my back. Excuse my glove. Will you let that be my excuse? I must be excused from naming him. Sorry to trouble you. I shall not trouble you any longer. Do excuse me. It has slipped my memory that I had promised you to —.Excuse my changing the subject. Apologize for me, please. (Make my excuse to them.) You have not understood me rightly. Are you offended? No offense (was meant). My only excuse is that —. Possible Answers Oh, don’t worry, she has over- looked that. No need to take up excuses. Don’t bother (trouble) about it. It doesn’t matter. It’s all right. Not at all. It’s not worth while speaking. It is easy to forgive where there is nothing to forgive. That is not an excuse. This is inexcusable. Your excuse sounds hollow. Your excuses are rather flat. It’s a lame (thin) excuse. I can’t forgive him this. I demand satisfaction. A. Oh, excuse me. B. It’s all right. M. Most awfully sorry, old boy. N. Oh, that’s all right. (That’s quite all right.)K. Pardon me for calling you up so late. P. That’s all right. 12. CONVERSATION Is this clear? Do you catch me? Do you understand my meaning (what I mean)? Did you catch what I said? I hope you get me right. Don’t you see? Do you see? (See?) Do I speak plain enough to be understood? I don’t understand (get) you. (I don’t see your point. I don’t follow you.) I cannot fathom his meaning. (I cannot think what he means. I fail to see his meaning.) I cannot grasp your meaning. It’s over my head (beyond me; beyond my grasp; be- yond my reach; past my comprehension). I don’t understand your drift. Your point escapes me. I have not the remotest idea. I cannot for the life of me un- derstand you. It does not convey anything to me. ] am at my wit’s ends. He is slow of understanding. I could not understand a single word they said in reply.What are you driving at? What do you mean (by that)? What exactly do you mean? It has just dawned upon me. Everything is clear now. I have been trying to make him understand that —. May I have a word with you? Have you time for a little con- versation (talk, chat)? We must have a little talk. 1 am prepared to be a good listener. I am all ears. Speak, I am listening. Let’s cut (crack) a joke on him. The joke fell flat. Well, spin a yarn (coll.). It was on the tip of my tongue to say —. But does it follow that —? I think that I can safely say that —. Oh, talking about pictures, I —. Speaking about music, have you —? To come back to what I was saying I —. But your talk reminds me of a story about —. Well, to resume —. What I say is —. By the way, have you heard —? I can tell you the live fifth of the story in two or three words. It would take a week to say everything I’ve been saving to tell you.There seems to be so much I[ want to say, but I can’t find the way to say it. It seemed there was no end to the topics we had discussed. Let him have his way. I don’t know how to put it. I’m unable to express myself. Words fail me. It was a slip of the tongue. Never mind.III. Education 1. ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL a) General What school do you go to? (What school do you attend?) In what form are you? I go to a day (evening) school. He’ll be put (sent) to school next year. I’m going to put him to school this year.I’m going to school this year. He was admitted to school. He no longer goes to school. I have to withdraw the boy from school. He left school a year ago. She is at a good school. There is no vacancy for a pupil now. There’ll be no school today. He goes to an elementary (pri- mary) school. School starts in September. (We will begin school in September.) School breaks up in June. His mother checked with the tutor about her boy. Our school days are over. Headmaster (Principal), Head- mistress Schoolmaster, schoolmistress Schoolfellow (schoolmate) b) Classes There goes the bell. The bell has already gone. The room is not aired. Give me the register. Let us call the roll. Who is on duty? Who is absent? Children, rise as I call out your names.You must promptly respond as soon as your name is called out. Attendance is very bad today. The attendance has fallen off. Why were you absent from classes on Saturday? Why did you stay away from classes (miss classes) on the 4th of April? You haven’t attended classes for a fortnight. No, I was present at classes yes- terday, ma’am! (Miss N.). Your attendance today is excused. You have a lame (poor) excuse for your absence yesterday. Your excuse is, indeed, very poor. You are very insubordinate, Ed- ward N. You come to classes and absent yourself at will. May I not come to the lessons tomorrow, ma’am? You may take the day off by all means. No, you can’t go, it is schooltime now. Why were you late? Say, George, let’s cut the next lesson. Sit up properly, Nell K. 1 TIpuuatoe B AHIMM O*UUMaNbHOe O6f opma — madam).Don’t loll, Edward N. No prompting! That’ll do. Go on, please. Pens down! Put away your books. Collect the copy-books, Ann P., please. Raise (let down) your hand. Don’t hurry. (Take your own turn.) The time’s up! Hand in your papers, please. We shall have a model lesson today. Now we shall have a lesson in algebra instead of history. We had geometry at the second lesson. In practical lessons we were teamed up into groups of three or four. c) Behavior You are very noisy. Now, Edward N., you stop turning around, will you? Stop talking! What are you munching there, Tom? What’s wrong (up, going on) there? Stop watching that fly, Tom, and listen to what I say. Give me those trinkets that you’ve been jingling all this time. I’ll have to place you as far as possible from the window, Tom N.You are always the last to come and the first to go, Tom N. Are you done with talking, Tom N.? Keep your hands still, Tom N. You must raise your hand when you want to ask something. d) At the Blackboard Please come forward to the front of the class. Face the pupils, please. Stand aside, please. Where is the duster? The duster is too wet (dry). Use the duster, please, but not your fingers. Rub out the word to, please. Clean the blackboard, please. Divide the blackboard into two parts, please. e) Mistakes That’s wrong (not right). Not, quite so, you’ve omitted the —. You’ve made a mistake in the word —. Did she make any mistakes in her reading (spelling)? Say it correctly. Did you understand what I said? Is it clear now? Did anyone notice a mistake?That’s a bad mistake. Please repeat, ma’am, what you said. f) Encouraging and Punishing a Pupil Now, George, you are not trying as you ought to. Very good. That is quite correct. There, that’s it! That’s it! That’s better! There’s no difficulty about that. It’s high time you learned the rule, George. Use your brains, George. Now, just think a little. You are well prepared today. Shame on you! I will punish you for your dis- obedience, George N. You were reprimanded last time, weren’t you? You shall stay behind (af- ter) classes and repeat your lessons. You have no patience with grammar. g) Reading Open your books at page —. Turn to page —. Look at your book, Ann M. Read on page —.Read that passage aloud. Read to the bottom of the page (to the end of the paragraph), please. Read up to the word —. It’s your turn to read now, Ann M. Read louder, please. Your reading is very poor (good). You stumbled twice in your reading. You skip words when you read. h) Pronunciation. Spelling You have a bad pronunciation. There’s a flaw in your pronun- ciation. Your intonation is not quite cofrect. Say it again, will you? I can’t quite catch the pronuncia- tion. You have a _ very distinct pronunciation. Pronounce it again, will you? You mispronounced the word —. You pronounced the word doc- tor incorrectly. Can you write it in phonetic characters? Where is the stress? Which syllable is pronounced more distinctly? He pronounced the word doctor with a roll to the r.How do you spell that word? Spell the word exercise, please. Your spelling is very bad. How many n’s are there in the word cannot? i) Translation How do you translate that word? That can’t be translated word for word. There is no translation for that. What is the English for —? What does that word mean? What is the meaning of the word —? That’s is short for That is. Look up the word in the dictionary. Who can translate that word? What is the translation of that word? Is that word in common use? j) Writing Write the sentence down in your rough copy-book, please. Where’s your clean copy? For that blur in your copy-book I will reduce the mark. Who splashed the page with ink? Cross out the letter 7. You must cross the fs and dot the 7s.k) Grammar Is English grammar difficult (easy)? What rule in grammar are we studying now? Do you know what the noun (gerund, etc.) is? Who can ask a question on the sentence? Who can tell what kind of sen- tence it is? Write the plural of /ady, please. How is the Present Perfect Tense formed? What pronouns do you know? Name some pronouns. Define the tense of the verb. State whether the word in italics is an adverb or an adjective. Explain and illustrate the main uses of the Present Perfect Tense. Give an example of the use of the Present Perfect Tense. What tense do we use to express an action in the past? Write two sentences using the word fire as a noun and as a verb.Construct (frame) a sentence with the verb fo be. Correct this sentence giving your reasons. Your grammar is poor. I) Homework Do exercises one and two on page seventy-five. You must learn the dialogue by heart. Is the homework clear? Now, let us check up the exer- cise we had for homework. What was the homework for today? Do you know the lesson, Tom N.? Say your lesson, Tom N. Can you say your lesson, Ann K.? Can you tell it from memory? Your work is carelessly done, Tom N., I will call on you again tomorrow. Rewrite the exercise, it is done badly. Please excuse me for not do- ing my exercise. I felt unwell yesterday. I’ve got it by heart. What lesson did the teacher set for tomorrow? It takes me an hour to do my exercises. He pores over his books day and night. The lesson is over. Break! No classes today.m) Mathematics Are you good at sums? Can you do sums? Did you get that sum right? Let’s do some sums. How much does it come up to? Mathematics doesn’t trouble me at all. It’s not so awfully easy as you think. That sum is a hard nut to crack. I can’t make head or tail of this sum. What is the rule for addition? Addition is a rule by which the sum of two or more given numbers may be obtained. How much is 12 and (plus) 8? 12 and 8 are (are equal to, equal, make) 20. It is (equals, is equal to, makes) 20. Subtraction is a rule by which the difference between two given numbers may be ob- tained. Subtract (take) 8 from 15. 15 minus 8 leaves (is) 7. We can’t take 8 from 5. (8 from 5 won’t go.) Division is a rule for finding the quotient (and remainder, if there is any) when one given number is to be divided by another.12 divided by 4 is (gives) 3. 4 goes into 20 five times. Divide 38 by 9. It gives (comes up to) 4 and 2 in the remainder (and 2 over). 7 into 32 is 4 and 4 in the remainder (and 4 over). Multiplication is an abbreviated (shortened) form of addition and consists in finding the sum of a series of repetitions of a given number. 6 multiplied by 5 is (makes) 30. 7 times 6 is (are) 42. Fractions The fraction contains one or more parts of a unit. There are: roper fractions — 4.9. Prop 5? 24’ . . 5 13 improper fractions — —; —; 4’ 8 . . 1 mixed fractions — ve 8s; decimal fractions — 0.2; 2.4. The numerator of vulgar frac- tions is placed above the line and expresses the num- ber taken; the denominator is placed below the line and expresses the name and value of the parts. In a proper fraction the numer- ator is always less then the denominator.A mixed fraction consists of a whole number and a proper fraction. The denominator in decimal fractions is 10 or some power of ten. When we add or _ subtract two or more vulgar frac- tions, we generally reduce them to a common denomi- nator into which any of the given denominators will di- vide evenly. 1/2 — one half 2/3 — two thirds 5/7 — five sevenths 4 — four and one twentieth 0.5 — nought point five (0 [au] point five) .5 — point five 0.05 — nought point nought five (0 [au] point o [au] five) 0.005 — nought point nought nought five 3.05 — three point o [ay] (nought) five Brackets Well, now, write down this sum and do it: Six plus square bracket, nine minus, twelve minus eight enclosed in parentheses, multiplied by two; enclose in a Square bracket. 6 + [9 — (12Doing | Addit 471 9 plus 4 are 13, and 1 ar + 54 (transfer) 1; 1 plus 3 are 39 put down the 6 and can 564 is 564. Subtra 6003 9 from 3 won’t go; borrow ~ 4879 9 from 13 leaves 4; carry | 1124 from nought won’t go; bo the 1 over to the 8, maki borrow 10; 9 from 10 lea making it 5; 5 from 6 lea is 1124. Multipli 234 Begin with the units; 6 ti 56 carry 2; 6 times 3 is 18, a 1404 and carry 2; 6 times 2 is 1170 tens; 5 times 4 equals 2( 13104 2; 5 times 3 is 15, and 2 5 times 2 is 10, and 1 a 4; nought plus nought g down 1] and carry 1; 1 ph 1. The product is 13104. Divis 15 ] 1387 [ 92 15 into 13 won 135 9 times 15 are 1 37 down the 7; 151 30 30; 30 from 37 “7 the remainder 7. Fract First reduce the denom multiplying 4 by 5; 4 tit the denominator 4 gives 5; of the first fraction and mt divided by the denominatc we] CO + oN . 2 8 are 23. The answer is 30Consider these (1) 6:5 (2) 6: (5 (3) 6:5 In (1), since there are no bi multiplication affects only the num Thus 6 : 2 = 6 x 2 and 6: 2x4 If we first multiply 2 by } and d division sign affect both 2 and +. T If two numbers are connected regarded as a single number. Thus | State the following in b “Take any number, double it, su by 3, subtract this result from 40 answer is the number with which y« What is the difference between 3 The Multiplic 1x 1= 1 Once one is one. 1x 2= 2 Once two is two. 1 x 12 = 12 Once twelve is twel 2x 1= 2 Twice one is two. 2x 2= 4 Twice two is four. 2 x 12 = 24 Twice twelve is twe 3x 1= 3 Three times one (th 3x 2= 6 Three times two (th 3x 12= 36 Three times twelve 12x 1= 12 Twelve times one | 12 x 12 = 144 Twelve times twel and forty-four.Mathematical Signs + Plus; a sign of addition — Minus; a sign of subtraction Plus or minus x Times (by); a sign of multi- plication Decimal point Divided by; a sign of divi- sion Is to; a ratio sign Equals; is equal to Not equal Approximately equals Greater than Equal or greater than Less than Equal or less than Infinity V Square root of w/ Cube root of x nth root of [] Brackets (square brackets) * BIA AIV VV &e@* il () Parentheses (round brack- ets) { } Braces AB Length of line from A to B || Parallel Z Angle | Right angle . Perpendicular % Percent (per cent) 1 B poccuiickoM cTaHdapTe BMeCTO TOUKH NATad, a BMECTO 3HaKOB < HM > HCMOJb3y10TC2. HIGHER SCHOOL a) Studies What Institute do you study at? She is at the University and is studying to become a teacher. He is a_ student of law (medicine). He studies for a degree. I am fresh from school. More than a thousand freshmen arrive at the Institute every year. I got my higher education in 19—. We all looked forward to the studies at the University. I am eager to resume my studies as soon as possible. We have two shifts at our Institute. The Institute is in session from 8.30 a.m. to 2.30 p.m. We have a six-hour working day. Three hours are assigned for home work. Our group happens to be made up mostly of out-of-town students. b) Entering the Institute I’m seeking admission to the Institute this year. (I want to enrol in the Institute.) I was refused admission last year.Where can I get acquainted with the regulations of the en- trance exams? You will have to appear before the reception committee. For what department are you going to take the entrance exams? He stands a good (poor) chance of being accepted. There’s going to be a stiff com- petition this year. The exams were stiff and competitive. Only the pick of the schools are able to pass the exams. This year the enrolment in our Institute will be over 800. Our Institute has a student body of some 2,500 boys and girls. The lists of the students admit- ted are over there on the notice-board. Are you entered in the register? (Is your name on the list?) You have to apply to the dean for lodgings. I was referred to —. c) Course. Subjects He is a first-year student of the History Faculty. He is in his first year. I’m a fresher (freshman). He is a junior (senior) student. I’m attending preparatory courses.He is a postgraduate. I’ve taken up a postgraduate course (of study). I’m interested in History. I like the exact sciences. What subjects are we going to have in the coming year? History is my favourite subject. She never misses lectures on that subject. This subject is easy for him. What are you doing in grammar? I find that descriptive appliances (visual aids) are an excellent help to both teachers and students. d) Lectures The audience listened to the professor with great interest. He gave (delivered) a lecture on —. I attend a course of lectures under professor N. The lecture was dull and seemed to drag on for hours. He lectures from notes. Do you take notes of the lectures? His speech (lecture) is indis- tinct. He simply carries away the audiences. He took (got, had) the floor. I like the way he delivers lectures. His lecture is monotonous.It was a nice lecture, wasn’t it? e) Graduation In what year did you graduate? In what year did you finish (leave) school? Will he be promoted to the next course? I shall graduate in a year’s time. In two years I shall be an architect. Now I ama specialist in physics. I am specialising in the teaching of phonetics. She graduated from the Institute a year ago. One by one we were called out and handed our diplomas. You will soon finish, Ann, and we shall miss you. We are so happy for your sake. I made a speech of gratitude. He took his degree last year. He received the honorary degree of Doctor of Medicine. He gained a doctorate in medicine. f) Teacher I am appointed assistant to pro- fessor N. Who is attached to our class? He is my fellow-teacher (col- league). She lectures on history.I consider him a_ splendid teacher (lecturer). She stands high in their esteem. He is a man of mark. She is popular with her students. He has a mind of wide scope. I wouldn’t say he has a spacious mind. His mind is well stored with knowledge. The dean is a person of conse- quence here. g) Examination Before the Exams The exams are coming. One can’t help being excited. When are you going to sit for your examinations? How many exams do you have (have you) this term? When will you go in for your second exam? I am to take an exam in Litera- ture tomorrow. We shall have a test on preposi- tions tomorrow. I am reading up (studying) for an examination now. I was not permitted to enter for my examinations because I hadn’t passed my prelimi- nary exam (credit test) in —. In five days we will be in for our final (state) exams. During the Exams Now, settle down to work. Don’t you know that you were to bring your examination card?Hand over your crib, please. It’s taking you so long to answer. You are not answering the question. Your answer is wrong. Don’t answer at random, think first. There are some weak points in your answers. You know nothing, positively nothing. Your answers are short of (be- ing) satisfactory. No need to go into details. Are you sure of the answer? Well, now, let’s tackle the next question. You have a ready tongue to any question, I see. I’m satisfied with your answer. You have given a full answer to the question. Don’t you think I was clear in my answers? I have nothing more to say on this. I’m on the edge of knowing. After the Exams I have passed the exams. I satisfied the examiner. The professor was highly pleased with my answers. The results of his examinations were striking. The questions were rather tough, I should say. I felt somewhat tongue-tied.My tongue failed me. I managed to scrape through the first question. I had it at my finger ends. I had it on the tip of my tongue, but —. It was an easy task. Did he examine you long? The examination was soon over. You did well in History. I failed in English (at the En- glish exam). I am to be subjected to a second examination. h) Marks I got (a) “two” for my home- work (composition, dicta- tion, efc.). What is your mark in Geogra- phy? What mark did the teacher give you in Philosophy? I got (an) “excellent” ((a) “good”, (a) “satisfactory”, (a) “bad”) for it. 3. APTITUDE He is at the top of the class. (He is a top boy.) He has no equal. (He has not his match.) Nobody can match him in Physics. (He has a good head for —. He is good at —. He is well up in —. He has a good command of —.) He can sum up like winking.He learns with ease. He is a clever (capable) boy. He is very gifted. He has a flash of wit. He is quick. He is the brainiest boy I’ve ever met. He’ll go a long way. He’ll make good. He is a rather promising pupil (student). Your boy is a credit to your family. His success in his studies is remarkable. He’ll distinguish himself some day. He is a youth of great promise. He hungers for knowledge. (He is thirsting for knowledge.) He is simply born for that profession. Has he an inclination for (to) anything? Success went to his head. 4. INAPTITUDE It’s amazing how stupid he is. He is very dull (blunt). He is good for nothing. He is slow to learn. I’m not good at —. I’ve no head for —. I’m not much of a scholar. The lessons seemed so hard to get into one’s head.It’s beyond me (my grasp). (That beats me.) You’ll never make a man of him. He is a very backward pupil. He is lagging behind in —. He has fallen behind a little in —. He is on bad terms (at odds, disagrees) with —. He is not much at home in the art of spelling. He often makes slips in his grammar. His spelling is shocking. I couldn’t rub (hammer, cram) it into his head. His ignorance smote me with shame. The power of his ignorance is so great that it astonishes me. Can’t you ever learn the —? Even the simplest things have to be rubbed in. 5. MEMORY I have a good memory. My sight memory is rather good. Keep (bear) me in memory. Keep (bear, have) it in mind, please. That reminds me (puts me in mind) of —. Now that you have mentioned it, I do remember. I recall now that I —. If my memory serves me right (does not fail me) —.I have a dim (indistinct) recol- lection of —. It’s branded (stamped) in my memory. I shall not forget it in my lifetime. Oh, it’s such an _ unpleasant memory. He has left a sad memory behind. Don’t give yourself up to memories. In memory of N. I have a bad (short, poor) memory. I can’t think of it at the moment. I don’t seem to be able to recall (remember) —. My memory is a blank on the subject. All my memory of the past has faded. My memory is at fault again. It has completely gone out of (slipped) my mind. Let’s wipe it out from our memory. 6. BOOKS Do you like to read books? Did you like (enjoy) the book? How did you enjoy the book? Are you pleased with the book? I like books. (J am fond of books.) I take a delight in books. I am mad about books. I am a lover of books (poetry). I spend a great deal of money on books.I am not much of a reader. This book was a great delight to me. The novel is a great success. It’s a ripping good story. This novel is easy reading. Here is a nice passage from the book. This is a very good translation of —. You will find the book a real thriller. The novel proved a failure. That isn’t the kind of book I'd recommend you to read. This is far and away not the best book. It’s an empty book. It is an indifferent novel. This book is poor stuff (coll.). This book bores me to distrac- tion. I don’t like these dime novels (Am.). I always first look at the table of contents. The bookmark has fallen out of the book. You’re a bookworm, indeed. I read the book deep into the night. I read it from cover to cover. I just dipped into the book. I read it down to the last page. I’ve been re-reading —. She devours book after book. I have read this book in the original (in translation). I am through with this book.Reading was a great resource in my illness. He skips as he reads. I have read the book through. I had to return the book unread. This is the book I promised to lend you. I have many good books, come and take your choice. I am well-off for books. I have quite a good collection of books at home. I am very particular to whom I give my books. This book is an original edition. I have bought a complete edi- tion (collection) of the works by T. This book ran into five editions. This book is out of print. The book hasn’t come out yet. Here is a fine copy bound in green with gilt edges. The book is in good condition. It’s a nice book with an illus- trated cover. I would ask you not to double the pages. The book is in such a disorderly state. Bookshop Where is the section for books on —? What do you have on sale today? Have you a book of English idioms in stock?What have you to offer? Have you got anything by Dickens? What books have you on Pushkin? Can I get it at the bookstall? I can’t make my choice. I’m sorry to say it isn’t out! yet. Is this anything in your line? We are expecting it every day. We haven’t these books in stock at present. Here is a copy of Shakespeare’s works. Try the main shop, there may be a chance of getting a copy there. Here is an edition in ten vol- umes (a ten-volume edition). This book is in great demand now. Of late there’s been such a heavy demand for that book. This book sells well. (This book is a good seller.) A book of reference (a reference book) An encyclopedia A dictionary A guide-book A text-book (a handbook) Children’s books A story book for children Fairytales A book of tales A picture book An illustrated book A pamphlet (booklet) 1 It isn’t out ynoTpe6AAeTCA TONDKO O KHUTA booklet Classical literature Modern literature Technical literature A pocket edition In three volumes A translation A copy A manuscript (Abbr. MS) A writer, an author To publish, to write, to compose Memoirs A poem, a rhyme Poetry A novel, a story, a narrative (a tale) An essay, a fable, a satire A short story, a drama A title, a preface, an introduc- tion A chapter, a text, a paragraph A passage, an annotation, contents A cover, a bindingaS To IV. Work 1. GENERAL What is your occupation? What is your trade (profession)? What is your regular business? I work at (in) a factory (in an office). I work in the capacity of an engineer. I entered upon office a year ago. Who is in charge of your department?What office does Mr. N. hold? Have you a big personnel (staff)? He is something in the Ministry. Oh, he’s a big pot (cheese, shot, wheel) (coll.). He has been promoted. He’s a place hunter. He’s a job jumper. What are your hours of attend- ance? From 9 till 5. We have a seven-hour shift at our work. I’m on duty now. I have a full (short, part) time job. I’m on full time. (I’m a full- timer.) I’m on half time. (I’m a half- timer.) I’m on half-pay. I work by the day. I’m on piece-work. (I’m paid by the piece.) Some business calls me to N. I shall be commissioned to N. I’m on leave now. I want to get an extension of leave of absence. I’m on vacation now. He is now vacationing in N. I have this day off. I’m on my sick-leave now. What do you do at odd times? When do you knock off work? It’s time for a break.2. DISCHARGE He has ceased working there. I have no notion of resigning. She was dismissed owing to re- duction of staff. He has had his notice. He got the boot (sack). (coll.) He was discharged (fired, layed off). It’s time for him to retire. He was (got) pensioned off last year. 3. OUT OF WORK I’m out of work (job) now. I’m looking (hunting, on the look out) for a job. Is there an opening (a vacancy) for a fitter there? The post is still open. Have you taken up the job as a turner? Why don’t you send (put) in an application? 4. ABILITY AND INABILITY. BEING BUSY He is a good (old) hand at (in) that. He is an experienced worker. Let me try my hand at it. He is a poor (bad) hand at this. He is not equal to this task.I’m out of practice. He always does it by halves. He idled away the whole day. He is an idler. He shirks work. He’s just killing the time. And he wouldn’t stir a finger. He works by fits and starts. He is negligent of his duties. I have pressing business. Today I’m facing a busy day. There’s heaps of work await- ing me. I’ve a number of things to do. I have to wade through a pile of copy-books. He was up to the elbows (ears, collar) in work when I came to him. I’ve had a very tiring day today. 5. EARNINGS Your wages run from the Ist of February What is the. pay? (What are the wages?) Is it a well-paid job? He gets (earns, makes) — pounds a week. Tomorrow is the pay-day. Our wages were scaled down (raised). Have you got your travelling expenses? He is underpayed. Do you earn your daily bread? Yours is easy money.He lives in easy circumstances. I feel secure about the future. He lives above (beyond) his means. They live fast. They live in plenty (well-off). I always tuck a few roubles away. They are well-to-do people. He can’t make both ends meet. I’m in reduced circumstances now. I wasn’t born in the lap of luxury. They always had to cut and contrive. They were in want of everything. He has a large family to keep (support). Our wants are few.V. Health 1. YOU HAVE TO SEE THE DOCTOR I’ve got to go to the doctor. You must go to the clinic at once. I’m going to see a doctor. May I see Doctor N.? Where can I see Doctor N.? The doctor won’t see anybody now. Doctor N. is seeing patients in Room 20. Are you all waiting for Dr. N.?2. DIAGNOSING THE CASE What do you complain of? What’s wrong with you? What’s troubling (bothering) you? (What disturbs (ails) you?) What exactly is your trouble? What’s the matter with you? How long have you been ill? How long has it been since you began to feel bad? Have you any pain in the back of your head? Have you any appetite? Have you a bitter taste in your mouth? Sit quiet, please. Breathe deeply. Once more, and deeper. Shut your eyes and put your feet together. Let me check your lungs (heart). Bare your arm to the elbow, please. Can you bear a little more? Calm down, please. It’s all over now. You have heart trouble, but in a very mild form. Oh, no, it’s only a mild case. You have a murmur of the heart. You have all the symptoms of influenza. Your tongue is (thickly) furred. I think you’ve got the fever. There is a little fever. You are in a pretty bad state.You are run down. How do you sleep? Do you sleep well? How long have you been this way? Does this often happen with you? Who treated you last time? Where did you get that hoarse throat? Is it hard to swallow? Have you any sensation of nau- sea? (Do you feel nauseous?) Have you been laid up with anything serious lately? Have you had any major operations? When did you have your tonsils and adenoids removed? Did you have any after-effects? Undress (strip to the waist), please. You may dress now. Let me see your tongue. Now your heart. I want to examine your heart. Let me sound your chest (lungs). Nerves a little bit unstrung. Shattered nerves. No, this illness is not fatal at all. It’s nothing but a cold. There is nothing much wrong with you. She has lost consciousness. Don’t worry, she’ll come to. (She’ll come to herself presently.) You’ll be all right soon. I don’t think your sickness will last long.