Review –Trigonometry

Write out the definitions of each of the three trigonometric ratios (not their abbreviations):
Tangent Ratio Sine Ratio Cosine Ratio

Tan A = Sin A = Cos A =

Write the sine, cosine and tangent ratios for the following triangles, simplified if necessary:
A
U Q 3
3√5 B 5
3 4

T 6 V 40 41 C

tan T = tan Q = R 9 S tan A =

tan U = tan S = tan C =

sin T = sin Q = sin A =

sin U = sin S = sin C =

cos T = cos Q = cos A =

cos U = cos S = cos C =

Write the mnemonic that you use to remember these ratios:

Label the angles of the 30-60-90 and 45-45-90 right triangles below, then label all the sides.
Write the trig ratios for each of them, with exact values in radical form:

sin 30º= sin 60º= sin 45º=

cos 30º= cos 60º= cos 45º=

tan 30º= tan 60º= tan 45º=

1. Solve the equation algebraically for x. THEN you may use a calculator to find x to 2 decimal places.
x 4 x
a. tan(15)  b. cos(32)  c. sin( 72) 
7 x 3

2. Use the figure of TSN and the provided

information to answer questions a-c. NO CALCULATOR! T

a. Express tan N as a simplified ratio

2√3

b. Express sin N as a simplified ratio

S N

c. Express cos N as a simplified ratio

3. If mN = 49 and VE = 8, find EN algebraically E

and then you may use your calculator to solve for
EN to two decimal places.

V N

6. Simplify the following, leaving answers in simplest square root form. NO Calculator!

√32
a. √10√27 b. 5√60 c.
2

√45
d. e. √50𝑥 5 𝑧 4 f. 2√10𝑥𝑦 4 ∙ 3√15𝑥 3
√20
 √12𝑥𝑦
g. h. 7√3 − √45 i. 3√3 + 10√3
3√18𝑥 2 𝑦 3

h. 15√2 − 5√18 h. 3√9𝑥 − √16𝑥 i. -2√42 ∙ 3√28

6. Solve for the variables. (EXACT ANSWERS) The giant triangle is NOT a right triangle – these are two separate
special right triangles set adjacent to each other!

45 60
4√2
y
x

45 30
| ←---------------- 𝑧 ------------------→ |

1. For these problems, a-h, you may use a calculator to find the missing sides described.
a. If a right triangle has a 65° angle and the opposite b. If a right triangle has a 22° angle and the adjacent
side measures 25 inches, how long is the adjacent side measures 5 meters, how long is the
side? hypotenuse?

c. If a right triangle has a 30° angle and the d. If a right triangle has a 41° angle and the adjacent
hypotenuse measures 4 cm, how long is the side measures 2.5 yards, how long is the opposite
opposite side? side?

e. Find the area of this triangle: f. Find the perimeter of this triangle:

37° 18

36°

22
CALCULATORS OK FOR THIS PAGE.
1. An airplane s heading for the runway.
5º
Dotted lines mark horizontal lines at the
heights of the cockpit of the plane and the landing spot
on the runway. If the plane is at an altitude of 20,000 ft,
and the pilot describes the angle of depression (the angle between his horizontal line of sight and
the line going from him straight to the landing spot) to be 5º,
a) how far from the airport is the plane horizontally?

b) how far is the airplane from the airport along the straight diagonal shown?

2. The flagpole shown has a guy wire that is 75 feet long, as shown. If the angle of the guy wire
from the ground at the place where it is fixed is 33°, what must be the height of the flagpole?

75 feet
x
33°

3. A surveyor is standing across from the foot of a hill and is measuring the angle of elevation
to the top of the hill with his theodolite to be 25 º (You’ve probably seen surveyors using one of
these on a tripod!). He has used a laser rangefinder to measure the distance straight to the top
of the hill from the top of the theodolite, 22 m. If the theodolite is 2 m tall, how tall does that
make the hill?

22 m

25°
2m tall →
 Review – Bootcamp

For each of the following written expressions, write an algebraic expression that is equivalent,
using the letters a, b and c if any variables are needed.

1. Five more than six times an unknown 2. 26 less than the product of three and an
number. unknown number.

3. 17 times the ratio of two different unknown 4. 12 minus the product of the sine of an
numbers. unknown angle and five.

5. Six over an unknown number, all added to 6. Take the cosine of an unknown number,
the tangent of 25 degrees. divide it by 2 and square that quantity to
get another unknown quantity.

7. The product of 37 and an unknown number 8. The square-root of the product of an

is 234. unknown number and 10 is the same as the
unknown number times 5.

BONUS QUESTION: Solve #8

Simplify the expressions as much as possible by multiplying, dividing, adding or subtracting.

9. (10x – 2) - (3x + 5) 10. (2x + 7) – 2(2x – 3)

1 2 1 2
11. + 12. + 2( )
2𝑥 𝑥 2𝑥 3𝑥

5 3
2+
13. 𝑥
2 14. 3 𝑥
1+
10𝑥 2𝑥
Solve for the unknown variable in the following equations.
15. 9(3 − 2x) = 2(10 − 8x) 16.
4𝑥
−2=7
8

17. 0.5(x - 8) = 0.2x + 11 18.

11
(4𝑥 + 1) = 1
5

1 1 1
20.
1 1
19. 6 (2 𝑥 + 6) = 2𝑥 + 3 3𝑥
−𝑥 =2

Can you cancel? Write “Yes” or "No.” If “Yes,” then write the simplified expression or equation.
18𝑥 5+𝑥
21. 22.
3𝑦 10𝑥

2(1 − 8x) (3 + 4x)

23. 24.
4 4

27 𝑥 17𝑥 − 𝑧𝑥
25. = 26.
𝑥 18 2𝑦𝑥

Solve the following proportions for the variable in simplest form.

27 𝑥 3𝑥 15
27. = 28. =
𝑥 18 10 𝑥

2𝑎 8 27 9
29. = 30. =
13 𝑎 𝑥 18
 Review – Geometry

Draw examples of the following types of angle pairs, drawing lines and labeling one pair per type.:
Vertical angles Corresponding angles Supplementary angles Complementary angles

Define congruence: Same , same .

Which angle pair(s) are always congruent angles? Sometimes congruent?

This type of angle pair adds up to 90º: This type adds up to 180 º:

If ABC becomes A’B’C’, which one is the preimage?

When a preimage undergoes translation, what happens to each point of the
figure?

Give an example of something that undergoes translation in the world.

Describe two ways to represent a vector: 1) 2)

What vector describes the translation above from ABC to A’B’C’ ?

Represent that same vector on the graph shown above.

What vector describes the translation from T(2,-1) to P(-1, 7)?

Write the rule that represents point (x, y) translated by the vector <5, 2>: (x, y)  ( , )

Define isometry:

How do you test whether a preimage and its image have the same orientation?

Do image ABC and A’B’C’ have the same

orientation?

Assume the figure at the left represents a

reflection. Draw in the line of reflection.

Given a preimage TRI: T(-1,-1), R(2,-5), I(3,2). Draw the triangle

on the grid at the right.

Then draw in the image if TRI if reflected in the y-axis. Use a

different color.

Now draw in the image if TRI if reflected about x = 2. Use a different color.
 Given the figure below.
∆BCD is rotated around
point A. Determine the
angle of rotation. You may
use a protractor.
C’

D’

A
B’ C

Given the hexagon above

and to the right, determine
Given the hexagon above. B

the angle of rotation about

Determine the angle of
the center point if segment
rotation if point A is rotated D
FA is rotated to overlap with
to point C about the center
segment DE.
point.

Using the diagram below and the box of angle pair names Using the diagram below, identify the following
below, identify the following angle pairs by name. angles:
a. 10 and 14
b. 7 and 12 a. Corresponding angles to 2

c. 3 and 11
d. 6 and 11 b. Same side interior angle to 8
e. 4 and 7
f. 6 and 10
s t
Vertical Angles 3 4
h 1 2
Corresponding Angles 5 6 7 8

Alternate Interior Angles

Same-Side Interior Angles 11 12
9 10 16
No Relationship 15
k
13 14
Complementary Angles
Adjacent Angles along a line

Given
2x + 41 that the
two 8x – 9
lines are
parallel,
5x – 34 solve for
x in each
diagram 3x + 35
.
Prove: The measure of each exterior angle of a
triangle equals the sum of the measures of its Which of these six angles is an exterior angle?
2 remote interior angles. The diagram at the
right will be helpful. Show Proof:
<<
1 3
Statements Reasons___________________
2

A B C
<<

Prove: < 1 + < 2 ≅ <C. You may use the theorem you just proved if you wish! Show Proof:
Statements Reasons___________________

A
Prove: If DE || AC, prove ∆ABC is similar to ∆DBE. You
may wish to do this proof after you review similarity on the
back of this page. Show Proof: D
Statements Reasons___________________

B
E C

Triangle Congruence: List the 5 postulates (OK to abbrev.) that prove triangle congruence if true:

Which postulate proves the two triangles at left are congruent?

Which postulate proves the two triangles above are congruent?

What postulate proves any two RIGHT triangles are congruent?

 Give one additional piece of information needed to prove these two
triangles at left congruent by marking it on the diagram.

Then tell me which congruence postulate you were thinking of to complete the proof?

Find the values of x and w for each

of the two triangles shown.

Given ∆ABC with A(6, -2), B(4, 6) and C(-6, -3), find
the vertices of the image after dilating using a scale
factor 2/3 and the origin as the center of
dilation. You do not need a ruler for this – solve it
algebraically! Show your work and check by graphing.

Given AB with A(6, 3) and B(1, 7), calculate the

coordinates of the dilation of AB with scale factor 4
and center (0, 0). Do it without graphing.
What is the difference between congruent figures and similar figures?

Two polygons are similar IF corresponding angles are and corresponding

sides are .
y
The figure to the right is made by dilating the smaller triangle. 4
What is the scale factor for the dilation?
6
Find the values of x & y
3 x+1
10

3 Find the values of w, x and y on the diagram at the left if side

y is perpendicular to side w and side x is an altitude of the
y 15 larger triangle.
x

w
Describe a series of transformations that prove these two triangles congruent. Use function
notation to describe each transformation. When done, write the congruency: _______________

Describe a series of transformations that prove these two triangles similar. Use function
notation to describe each transformation. When done, write the similarity: _______________