Kenya

1965
See Canada–Kenya relations Canada has a High Commission in Nairobi.The High
Commission of Kenya in Ottawa is located in the Sandy Hill neighbourhood in the
capital

Canada–Kenya relations are foreign relations between Canada and Kenya. Both
countries established diplomatic relations in 1965. Canada has a high commission
in Nairobi. The High Commission of Kenya in Ottawa is located in the Sandy
Hill neighbourhood in the capital.

Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.

The Canadian government announced in February 2009 that it was dropping Kenya from
its list of preferred countries to receive foreign aid. This list includes 18
countries and the West Bank and Caribbean.

Political

Controversy developed in 1989 when Kenyan leader Daniel arap Moi recalled the high
commissioner to Canada. Two weeks earlier Somali Canadians had held a protest
outside the Kenyan High Commission in Ottawa over a new law requiring the
registration of all ethnic Somalis in Kenya. Moi accused the Canadian government of
approving the protest, and demanded an apology. Protests arranged by Moi's Kenya
African National Union took place outside the Canadian High Commission and in other
cities. In Mombasa an effigy of then High Commissioner Raynell Andreychuk was
imprisoned in a street side stall.

In 2008 Canada pledged one million dollars worth of aid to Kenya after the disputed
presidential election of President Mwai Kibaki.Canada posted a travel advisory to
any of its citizens cautioning them about situation in Kenya. However, a few months
later Canada lifted the advisory and stated that the two were back to "business as
usual"

United States

1927-2018
Canada–United States relations, Embassy of the United States in Ottawa, Embassy of
Canada in Washington, United States Ambassador to Canada, List of Canadian
ambassadors to the United States

Relations between Canada and the United States span more than two centuries, marked
by a shared British colonial heritage, conflict during the early years of the U.S.,
and the eventual development of one of the most successful international
relationships in the modern world. The most serious breach in the relationship was
the War of 1812, which saw an American invasion of then British North America and
counter invasions from British-Canadian forces. The border was demilitarized after
the war and, apart from minor raids, has remained peaceful. Military collaboration
began during the World Wars and continued throughout the Cold War, despite Canadian
doubts about certain American policies. A high volume of trade and migration
between the U.S. and Canada has generated closer ties, despite continued Canadian
fears of being overwhelmed by its neighbour, which is ten times larger in
population, wealth and debt.

Canada and the United States are currently the world's largest trading partners,
share the world's longest shared border,[57] and have significant interoperability
within the defense sphere.
Iran

Canada–Iran relations

Canadian-Iranian relations date back to 1955, up to which point the Canadian

Consular and Commercial Affairs in Iran was handled by the British Embassy. A
Canadian diplomatic mission was constructed in Tehran in 1959 and raised to embassy
status in 1961. Due to rocky relations after the Iranian Revolution, Iran did not
establish an embassy in Canada until 1991 when its staff, which had been living in
a building on Roosevelt Avenue in Ottawa's west end, moved into 245 Metcalfe Street
in the Centretown neighbourhood of Ottawa which was upgraded to embassy status,
however in 2012. Canada severed all diplomatic ties with Iran in regard to Iran's
treatment of human rights
Prior to 1955, Canadian Consular and Commercial Affairs in Iran were handled by
the British Embassy. Foreign relations and diplomatic ties
between Canadaand Iran began with the founding of an Iranian mission in Ottawa in
1956, and a Canadian mission in Tehran in 1959. The Canadian mission was granted
embassy status in 1961.

The most significant event took place during the Iranian revolution of 1979, when
the Canadian embassy hid six American diplomats after the violent takeover of the
U.S. embassy. The Canadian government played a key role in arranging the departure
of these diplomats undetected by officials. In January 1980, the Americans were
secretly smuggled out of Iran using Canadian passports. In parallel, all Canadian
diplomats left to avoid retaliation from the Iranian regime.

As of September 2012, there are no formal diplomatic relations between the Islamic
Republic of Iran and Canada. Canadian consular and passport services are provided
through other Canadian diplomatic missions in other countries in the Middle East
while Iran maintains an interests section at the Embassy of Pakistan in Washington,
D.C.

The government headed by PM Justin Trudeau which took office in 2015, has
reportedly been reviewing relations with Iran and, like most countries, lifted most
of its economic sanctions following the Iran nuclear agreement in July 2015.

China
See Canada–China relations, Embassy of China in Ottawa, List of Canadian
ambassadors to the People's Republic of China

Since 2003, China has emerged as Canada's second largest trading partner, passing
Britain and Japan. China now accounts for approximately six percent of Canada's
total world trade. According to a recent study by the Fraser Institute, China
replaced Japan as Canada's third-largest export market in 2007, with CA$9.3 billion
flowing into China in 2007. Between 1998 and 2007, exports to China grew by 272
percent, but only represented about 1.1 per cent of China's total imports. In 2007,
Canadian imports of Chinese products totaled C$38.3 billion. Between 1998 and 2007,
imports from China grew by almost 400 percent. Leading commodities in the trade
between Canada and China include chemicals, metals, industrial and agricultural
machinery and equipment, wood products, and fish products

Russia
See Canada–Russia relations

Canada and Russia benefit from extensive cooperation on trade and investment,
energy, democratic development and governance, security and counter-terrorism,
northern issues, and cultural and academic exchanges
Background

As part of the British Empire, and later the Commonwealth of Nations, Canada did
not establish a foreign ministry (External Affairs) until 1909 and developed an
independent foreign policy after the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 and the creation
of the USSR. Relations between the two countries were finally established on June
12, 1942 in the context of the Second World War, after the German invasion of the
Soviet Union, when Canada joined Britain and the other Western democratic countries
in the alliance with the Soviet Union against the Nazis. During the Cold War,
Canada was part of democratic Western bloc and a NATO member, in opposition to the
Soviet-led Communist Bloc (the Warsaw Pact).

Compared to the US and Britain, Canadian policy towards the Soviet Union was less
confrontational, in part because Canada was not a nuclear power or the leader of
the democratic nations. However, in 1991 Canada was the first major Western country
to recognize the independence of the Baltic states and Ukraine, which helped to
cement their international legitimacy and formalize the end of the Soviet Union.
Canada and post-Soviet Russia established relations in 1992.

Diplomatic relations

On June 12, 2007, Canada and Russia marked the 65th anniversary of the
establishment of diplomatic relations. Canada is officially represented in Russia
by an Embassy in Moscow as well as an Honorary Consulate in Vladivostok. The
Russian Federation maintains an Embassy in Ottawa, two consulates general
(in Toronto and Montreal), and an Honorary Consulate in Vancouver.

Presently, Russia's ambassador in Ottawa is Alexander Darchiev.

Membership in international organizationsEdit

Both countries are members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in
Europe.
Political Dialogue

Meetings between Canadian and Russian representatives regularly occur at the

highest levels. Prime Minister Harper and President Putin met for the second time
at the G8 Summit in Heiligendamm. They first met at the G8 Summit in St. Petersburg
in 2006, where they issued joint statements on Canada-Russia Relations and Canada-
Russia Energy Cooperation. Canada and Russia cooperate extensively within the
framework of the UN, G8, APEC, NATO-Russia Council, and other multilateral fora.

Canada and Russia maintain regular political dialogue on security, counter-

terrorism and global issues. This dialogue has now been incorporated into the
Global Security Talks, which allow high-level officials to share concerns and
solutions on non-proliferation, regional issues and defence relations. Canada's
major security undertaking with Russia is the leading role in the Global
Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction, a G8
initiative first proposed at Kananaskis. This programme, with a budget of up to $1
billion over ten years, recently reached its midpoint.

Trade and InvestmentEdit

Growing domestic demand combined with vast natural resource wealth has made Russia
a prime destination for the export of Canadian goods and services and for new
Canadian foreign direct investment. To help facilitate closer economic ties between
Canada and Russia, the governments of both countries participate in the Canada-
Russia Intergovernmental Economic Commission (IEC). Working groups are active year-
round in the areas of agri-food and agriculture, fuel and energy, construction and
housing, mining, and the Arctic and North.

The first ever Canada-Russia Business Summit,organized jointly by Canada Eurasia

Russia Business Association (CERBA) and the Russian Union of Industrialists and
Entrepreneurs (RSPP), was held March 26–27, 2007, in Ottawa. This event
successfully combined the 6th session of the Canada-Russia IEC, co-chaired by
Minister Emerson and Russian Agriculture Minister Alexey Gordeyev, and the second
meeting of the Canada-Russia Business Council (CRBC). Interest and attendance from
both sides was high with over 300 participants including special guest Vladislav
Tretyak, the famed Russian goalie in the 1972 Canada Russia hockey summit, now Duma
member and co-chair of the Canada Russia Parliamentary Friendship Group.

The most recent Canada-Russia Business Summit was organized in Ottawa on June 1,
2011, by CERBA, in co-ordination with the Government of Canada and the Government
of Russia. The event was co-chaired on the government level by the Russian First
Deputy Prime Minister Viktor Zubkov and the Canadian Minister of International
Trade Edward Fast. The event brought together CEOs from major Canadian players in
the Russian market as well as shareholders and top management from their leading
Russian partners, who discussed bilateral trade and investment issues. June 1 was a
prelude to the meetings of the Intergovernmental Economic Commission (IEC) on June
2. From the Russian side, among participants in the Council were: H.E. Georgiy
Mamedov, Ambassador of the Russian Federation to Canada; O. Betin, Head of the
Tambov Oblast Administration; A. Krasnov, Executive Vice-President of the
Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games “Sochi 2014”; A. Dzhordzhadze, Deputy
CEO, “2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia”; A. Tikhonov, First Deputy Chairman of the
Board Vnesheconombank; A. Varichev, General Director of Holding Company
METALLOINVEST JSC; Y. Kotliarov, General Manager, Moscow Branch Office, SNC-
Lavalin; A. Sitnikov, SKOLKOVO; M. Lachinov, “Russian Venture Company”; D. Akhanov,
RUSNANO and other representatives of government authorities and business circles.
Among participants from Canada were: His Excellency Joan Sloan, the Canadian
Ambassador to the Russian Federation; The Honorable Edward Fast, Minister of
International Trade; The Honorable Gerry Ritz, Minister of Agricultural; Nathan
Hunt, Chairman of the National Board CERBA; David Paterson, Vice-President of the
RIM-Blackberry; Chris Erickson, Partner of the Pangaea Ventures Ltd.; Andrew
Cranston, Managing Partner KPMG; David Aylen, Managing Partner of the Gowlings
International Inc.; Isabelle Des Chenes, Vice-President of the Forest Products
Association of Canada; Michael McAdoo, Vice-President of the Bombardier Inc. and
other representatives of government authorities and business circles. A significant
number of positive developments occurred on both June 1 and 2 including
partnerships and perspective agreements in nanotechnology industry, aerospace,
energy efficiency, construction, innovation and sports infrastructure. The 2014
Olympics in Sochi will provide Russia with new commercial opportunities following
Vancouver’s 2010 Olympics.

Northern cooperation

Canada and Russia are both major Arctic states. Active bilateral cooperation in
this area began more than 35 years ago. Through the Arctic and North Working Group
of the Canada-Russia IEC, both countries work together to develop a forward-looking
agenda on northern cooperation.

Technical cooperationEdit

The Canadian International Development Agency's Russia Program, established in

1991, is a concrete demonstration of Canada's long term commitment to assist the
process of reform and transition in Russia. The overall goal of the programme is to
support the establishment of a stable, prosperous and democratic Russia with a
well-developed market economy and efficient, responsive institutions.
Cultural relationsEdit

Culture has a high profile in Russia, where a rapidly developing market presents
new opportunities for Canadian cultural goods and services. Specialized film
festivals, book fairs, cultural expos, performances and exhibitions are widely
attended, and are seen as a conduit of social values. Canada's cultural relations
with Russia are increasingly vibrant, particularly following former Governor
General Adrienne Clarkson’s state visit to Russia in the fall of 2003, when a
delegation of prominent Canadians in the cultural field established lasting
contacts with their Russian counterparts.

In 2004, the State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg hosted works by Tom Thomson,
the first exhibition devoted to a Canadian artist at the Hermitage. The Hermitage
also had a very successful Jean-Paul Riopelle exhibit in the summer of 2006. Canada
is in the spotlight on Russia’s cultural front in 2007, with artist/photographer
Jeff Wall at the Moscow Art Biennale in February; and over 40 nights of Canadian
theatrical performances by Robert Lepage, Compagnie Marie Chouinard, Cirque Eloize
and Theatre Smith-Gilmour at the Chekhov Theatre Festival. The year 2007 also marks
the 50th anniversary of Glenn Gould's tour of the Soviet Union in 1957.

France
See Canada–France relations, Embassy of France in Ottawa, Embassy of Canada in
Paris, List of French ambassadors to Canada, List of Canadian ambassadors to France

In the 2007 and 2008, French President Nicolas Sarkozy, Canadian Prime
Minister Stephen Harper, and Quebec Premier Jean Charest all spoke in favour of a
Canada – EU free trade agreement. In October 2008, Sarkozy became the first French
President to address the National Assembly of Quebec. In his speech he spoke out
against Quebec separatism, but recognized Quebec as a nation within Canada. He said
that, to France, Canada was a friend, and Quebec was family

Lebanon
See Canada–Lebanon relations

Canada established diplomatic relations with Lebanon in 1954, when Canada deployed
"Envoy Extraordinaire" to Beirut. In 1958, Canada sent its first ambassador. The
embassy was closed in 1985 and reopened in January 1995. Lebanon opened a consulate
in Ottawa in 1946. A consulate-general replaced the consulate in 1949, and it was
upgraded to full embassy status in 1958.
Canada has an embassy in Beirut.Lebanon has an embassy in Ottawa and a consulate-
general in Montreal