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Automated Surgery

The convergence of advances in information technology and communications with

medicine in general and surgery in particular has resulted in an accelerated process of

computerization of all areas of medicine. Robotic surgery is a technique in which a surgeon

performs surgery using a computer that remotely controls very small instruments attached to a

robot. This led to laparoscopic surgery or minimally invasive surgery. The first intervention of

this nature was a cholecystectomy. Medicine as well as robotics, evaluating and analyzing them

separately we can realize that they have evolved in a fast way taking into account the last

decades. Each field has contributed to different goals for the advancement of the human being,

regarding medicine has been observed as a state prepared for these times since some viruses have

been unleashed in which the world suffered with human and economic losses, without adequate

medicines for these catastrophes the losses would have been exorbitant figures.

As for robotics we observe that it has not been left behind with advances in technological

and great contributions to industry and electronics. As it is already known approximately every 5

years the medicine changes as it is known and the old treatments become obsolete and stop

serving to give way to innovative discoveries and new medicinal advances. For example: A

bionic eye for people who are blind or have an accident; Create cancer vaccines; Trying to find
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drugs that reduce HIV risk are investigations that have been unsuccessful but have progressed

little by little.

However, this field like all the others is subject to improvements and because not to

collaborations of other scientific branches that can collaborate in the same objective: The well-

being of the human being. People who have been operated by robots have been favored in

aspects such as having a surgery with much more precision without human tremors, a more

accelerated recovery since being more accurate can reach more easily in areas unavailable to the

medical hand thus damaging less the healthy tissue around the affected area. In addition, the use

of such machines shortens hospital stay, reduces operative trauma and provides a better aesthetic

vision to the wound after patient operation.

This has been a process study that has taken several projects and investigations and that

have been carried out in the last 10 years. On the other hand we have to differentiate between

surgical robotics and industrial robotics. When we refer to robotics in the industry, the software

used is very different since a robot is programmed to perform repeated actions several times,

while when we talk about surgical robots we get to the point that these machines will no longer

be totally independent but will be interrelated with a specialist surgeon in this area. In this way

we can see that the differences between surgical and industrial robotics are presented in the type

of programming and in the individual or joint work.

Nevertheless, although this type of surgery presents great advantages and it is a great

medical advance, this type of surgical intervention is not suitable for all, since the physician must

determine if the patient is or not a good candidate, the surgeon Of shift will give the approval or

the negation to the patient after examining: his surgical antecedents, the affection that demands
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the treatment, the cavities of his body and the experience that owns the surgeon. These robotic

surgeries can be classified into two main areas: guided imaging surgery and minimally invasive

surgery.

The technological evolution that has been progressively transforming the operating rooms

has led to an important evolution of the surgical procedures, on the other hand, the surgery

cannot be considered limited to the surgical act itself, but is directly linked to the previous

procedure of exploration, diagnosis and planning of the intervention. Thus, diagnostic imaging,

the evolution of informatics, with its incidence in diagnostic equipment, support to surgery and

the sophistication of equipment, materials and instruments, have led to a drastic change in

surgery. The first robotic surgical system developed was called Puma 560, and was used in 1985

to perform neurosurgical biopsies with greater precision. Since that first achievement other series

of robots have been developed (Yu 54).

Image guided surgery (IGS) or computer assisted surgery (CAS) is the general term used

for a surgical procedure where the surgeon uses computer technology in conjunction with

radiological images to perform the intervention using a surgical robot. The main purpose of this

method of surgery is research in the design and progress of new surgical navigation elements,

devices and systems that assist the surgeon during a complicated intervention, providing them

with additional data to improve their orientation, accuracy and obviously the safety of the

surgeon (Hanno 13).

In conclusion as we have seen robotic surgery has had a great impact on medicine as it

offers innumerable advantages over other options, such as the rapid recovery of patients and

reduced risks. This new technique has had a great impact in several specialties since its
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intervention is minimal and reaches small places that could not reach the human arm. However,

this new investment in robotics will require a new generation of physicians trained to handle

complex systems. In addition, several programs have been created where students can perform

surgeries virtually without risking the patient's life and in this way acquire practice In this type of

surgeries.
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Works Cited

Hanno Millesi. Advanced Peripheral Nerve Surgery and Minimal Invasive Spinal Surgery. Wien:

Springer, 2015. Internet resource.

Yu, Xiaolong. Control Methods for Automated Surgery. , 2014. Print.