III. Basicon - 2K10-11 - 1T - SW-OS

Discovering
Computers 2010
Living in a Digital World
System Software
• System software consists of the programs that

control or maintain the operations of the
computer and its devices
Operating Utility
systems Programs
Page 398 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 2

Chapter 8
Operating Systems
• An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing

instructions that work together to coordinate all the
activities among computer hardware resources
Start and shut
Provide a user Manage Manage
down a
interface programs memory
computer
Establish an
Coordinate Configure Monitor
Internet
tasks devices performance
connection
Provide Automatically Control a Administer

utilities update network security
Pages 398 - 399 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 3

Chapter 8
Operating Systems
Pages 398 – 399 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 4

Figure 8-1 Chapter 8
Operating System Functions
• The process of starting or restarting a computer is

called booting
Cold boot Warm boot
• Turning on • Using the

a computer operating
that has system to
been restart a
powered off computer
completely

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 8, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Windows Registry
below Chapter 8
A boot drive is the drive from

which your computer starts
•You can boot from a boot disk
•A recovery disk contains a few system
files that will start the computer
Chapter 8
• An operating system includes various shut down

options
Sleep mode saves any open

documents and programs to Hibernate saves any open
RAM, turns off all unneeded documents and programs to
functions, and then places a hard disk before removing
the computer in a low- power from the computer
power state
Web Link from left
Sleep Mode
below Chapter 8
Chapter 8
• A user interface
controls how you
enter data and
instructions and
how information is
displayed on the
screen
• With a graphical
user interface
(GUI), you interact
with menus and
visual images
• With a command-line interface, a user uses the

keyboard to enter data and instructions

• How an operating system handles programs

directly affects your productivity
Single tasking
Single user and Foreground and
and
multiuser background
multitasking
Preemptive
Multiprocessing
multitasking

Chapter 8

• Memory management optimizes the use of RAM

• Virtual memory is a portion of a storage medium
functioning as additional RAM

• The operating system determines the order in

which tasks are processed

Web Link from left
Spooling below Chapter 8

Web Link from left navigation,
then click Plug and Play
below Chapter 8
Chapter 8
• Operating systems typically provide a means to

establish Internet connections

• A performance monitor is a program that

assesses and reports information about various
computer resources and devices

• Operating systems often provide users with the

capability of:
Searching for Viewing Securing a
Managing files
files images computer
Uninstalling Cleaning up Defragmenting Diagnosing

programs disks disks problems
Backing up Setting up
files and disks screen savers

Chapter 8
• Automatic update automatically provides updates

to the program

• Some operating systems • A network

are designed to work administrator uses the
with a server on a server operating system
network to:
• A server operating – Add and remove users,
system organizes and computers, and other
devices
coordinates how
– Install software and
multiple users access
administer network
and share resources on security
a network
Chapter 8
• Each user has a user

account
– A user name, or user ID,
identifies a specific user
– A password is a private
combination of
characters associated
with the user name

Types of Operating Systems

Stand-Alone Operating Systems
• A stand-alone operating system is a complete

operating system that works on a desktop
computer, notebook computer, or mobile
computing device
Windows
Mac OS X
Vista
UNIX Linux
Chapter 8
• Windows Vista is Microsoft’s fastest, most

efficient operating system to date and is available
in multiple editions:
Windows Windows
Vista Home Vista Home
Basic Premium
Windows Windows
Vista Ultimate Vista Business
then click Windows Vista
below Chapter 8
Chapter 8
• Windows Vista provides programs such as:
Windows Windows
Firewall Messenger
Windows Windows
Media Player Sidebar

Chapter 8

Figures 8-16 – 8-17 Chapter 8

• The Macintosh operating system has set the

standard for operating system ease of use
• Latest version is Mac OS X

then click Mac OS X
below Chapter 8
UNIX is a multitasking
operating system developed
in the early 1970s
Linux is an open-source,
popular, multitasking UNIX-
type operating system
then click Linux
below Chapter 8
Server Operating Systems
Windows
UNIX
Server 2008
Linux Solaris
Chapter 8
Server Operating Systems
• Windows Server 2008 is an upgrade to Windows

Server 2003
– Part of the Windows Server 2008 family
– Multiple editions
• Most editions include Hyper-V, a virtualization
technology
– Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling computing
resources

then click Virtualization
below Chapter 8
Chapter 8
Embedded Operating Systems
• An embedded operating system resides on a ROM chip

on a mobile device or consumer electronic device
Windows Windows
Palm OS iPhone OS
Embedded CE Mobile
Embedded
Blackberry Symbian OS
Linux

Chapter 8
Embedded Operating Systems

then click iPhone OS
below Chapter 8

then click Blackberry
below Chapter 8
Utility Programs
• A utility program is a type of system software that

allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks

Utility Programs
• A file manager is a
utility that performs
functions related to file
management
– Displaying a list of files
– Organizing files in folders
– Copying, renaming,
deleting, moving, and
sorting files and folders
– Creating shortcuts

Utility Programs
• A search utility is a program that attempts to

locate a file on your computer based on criteria
you specify

Utility Programs
• An image viewer allows

users to display, copy,
and print the contents
of a graphics file
• An uninstaller removes
a program, as well as
any associated entries
in the system files

Utility Programs
• A disk cleanup utility searches for and removes

unnecessary files
– Downloaded program
files
– Temporary Internet
files
– Deleted files
– Unused program
files

Utility Programs
• A disk defragmenter reorganizes the files and

unused space on a computer’s hard disk so that the
operating system accesses data more quickly and
programs run faster
– Defragmenting

Utility Programs
• A backup utility allows

users to copy files to
another storage
medium
• A restore utility
reverses the process
and returns backed up
files to their original
form

Utility Programs
• A screen saver causes a • A personal firewall

display device’s screen detects and protects a
to show a moving image personal computer
or blank screen if no from unauthorized
activity occurs for a intrusions
specified time

Utility Programs
A virus describes a potentially damaging computer

program that affects a computer negatively
A worm copies A Trojan horse An antivirus

itself hides within or program
repeatedly in looks like a protects a
memory or legitimate computer
over a network program against viruses

Chapter 8
Video: Free Online Antivirus
CLICK TO START
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 43

Chapter 8
Utility Programs

Utility Programs
Spyware is a program placed on

Adware displays an online
a computer without the user’s
advertisement in a banner or
knowledge that secretly collects
pop-up window
information about the user
• A spyware remover detects • An adware remover is a
and deletes spyware and program that detects and
other similar programs deletes adware

Chapter 8
Utility Programs
• Filters are programs that remove or block certain

items from being displayed
Web Anti-spam
filters programs
Phishing Pop-up
filters blockers
Chapter 8
Utility Programs
• A file compression utility shrinks the size of a file(s)

– Compressing files frees up room on the storage media
– Two types of compression
• Lossy
• Lossless
• Compressed files sometimes are called zipped files
– Can be uncompressed

then click WinZip
below Chapter 8
Chapter 8
Utility Programs
• A media player allows you to view images and

animation, listen to audio, and watch video files
on your computer

Utility Programs
• Disc burning software

writes text, graphics,
audio, and video files
on a recordable or
rewritable optical disc

then click Burning Discs
below Chapter 8
Utility Programs
• A personal computer
maintenance utility
identifies and fixes
operating system
problems, detects and
repairs disk problems,
and includes the
capability of improving
a computer’s
performance

Discovering
Computers 2010
Living in a Digital World
Chapter 8 Complete

III. Basicon - 2K10-11 - 1T - SW-OS

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Discovering

• System software consists of the programs that

Page 398 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 2

• An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing

Provide Automatically Control a Administer

Pages 398 - 399 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 3

Pages 398 – 399 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 4

• The process of starting or restarting a computer is

• Turning on • Using the

Page 400 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 5

Click to view Web Link,

A boot drive is the drive from

• An operating system includes various shut down

Sleep mode saves any open

• With a command-line interface, a user uses the

Page 403 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 10

• How an operating system handles programs

Pages 404 - 405 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 11

Page 404 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 12

• Memory management optimizes the use of RAM

Page 406 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 13

• The operating system determines the order in

Click to view Web Link,

Click to view Web Link,

• Operating systems typically provide a means to

Page 408 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 16

• A performance monitor is a program that

Pages 408 – 409 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 17

• Operating systems often provide users with the

Uninstalling Cleaning up Defragmenting Diagnosing

Page 409 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 18

• Automatic update automatically provides updates

Page 409 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 19

• Some operating systems • A network

• Each user has a user

Page 410 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 21

Pages 411 – 412 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 22

• A stand-alone operating system is a complete

• Windows Vista is Microsoft’s fastest, most

• Windows Vista provides programs such as:

Page 414 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 25

Page 414 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 26

Page 415 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 27

• The Macintosh operating system has set the

Click to view Web Link,

• Windows Server 2008 is an upgrade to Windows

Click to view Web Link,

• An embedded operating system resides on a ROM chip

Pages 418 - 420 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 32

Click to view Web Link,

Click to view Web Link,

• A utility program is a type of system software that

Page 421 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 34

Page 422 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 35

• A search utility is a program that attempts to

Page 422 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 36

• An image viewer allows

Page 423 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 37

• A disk cleanup utility searches for and removes

Page 423 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 38

• A disk defragmenter reorganizes the files and

Pages 423 – 424 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 39