Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Federation
Constitution
White policy Australia
Rules of voting
WWI
Glossary
WWI – How it began, who was on who’s side?
Revision
WWII
- Glossary
WWII – How it began, who was on who’s side?
- Revision
MAKING A NATION
CRITERIA: (HOW TO REACH THE TOP OF THE EXAM)
HT5-1 explains and assesses the historical forces and factors that shaped the
modern world and Australia – WAR.
HT5-2 Sequences and explains the significant patterns of continuity and change
of development of the modern world and Australia.
HT5-3 Explains and analyses the motives and actions of past individuals and
groups in the historical contexts that shaped the modern world and Australia.
HT5-4 Explains and analyses the causes and effects of events and developments
in the modern world and Australia.
HT5-9 Applies a range of relevant historical terms and concepts when
communicating and understanding the past.
Federation – Federation is the action of joining colonies together with the
change of laws to fit a census of people’s comfort. < My definition
the action of forming states or organizations into a single group with centralized control.
Constitution – Laws and rules that are established which are acknowledged by
citizens of a country.
a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or
other organization is acknowledged to be governed.
White policy Australia - The term White Australia policy comprises various
historical policies that effectively barred people of non-European descent from
immigrating to Australia.
Democratic freedom - Freedoms, Democratic. political and legal norms determining the
position of the individual in the state.
Publication
The white policy had two laws that prevented non-Europeans from immigrating
to Australia were: The immigration act that was introduced on the 5th of June,
1901, and the Pacific island Labourers’ Act that became a law on the 17th of
December, 1901.
The migrants were given a dictation test to ensure that they had a suitable level
of education—which was damn hard. They were given 50 words in each
language that was spoken from the officer who had given them to test. This
‘Immigration restriction act’ slowed the numbers of people coming to Australia.
It act had lasted till 1958.
“The Dictation Test was administered 805 times in 1902-03 with 46 people passing
and 554 times in 1904-09 with only six people successful. After 1909 no person
passed the Dictation Test and people who failed were refused entry or deported.
Facts:
Different facts:
- The aboriginal people have been living in Australia for more than forty
thousand years.
The person who was in charge of running the colonies were the governments.
- One of the many reasons why immigrants had settled in Australia was to
search for gold in the mining areas.
- The first men to sail around Australia were Bass and Flinders.
WORLD WAR I
Why did it start?
The reason why WWI had started was because of the assassination(Gavrilo Princip killed
Ferdinand) of Franz Archduke Ferdinand and his pregnant wife Sophie in Bosnia, on June the
28th, 1914. Franz Ferdinand was the nephew of the Emperor Franz Josef and heir to the
throne of Austria-and-Hungary.
The ANZACS stands for Australian and New Zealand Army corps.
What is an arms race? – It’s a terminology used for a built army going against
another army to see who is stronger.
Why did Australia fight in the war? – Australia is bound to Britain and follows
the instructions of the mother country.
When did the Australian troops land at Gallipoli? – They landed at dawn (when
the sun is arising) on the 25th of April, 1915.
What was ‘going over the top’? – It was a method the ANZACS used of attack
which involved jumping out of a trench and running towards an enemy prior to
when the machine guns gushed its bullets.
Diseases and injuries suffered by soldiers in the trenches – The soldiers suffered
from typhoid (due to infected faeces), pneumonia (infection of the lungs caused
by fungi), frostbite (Is when your body gets numb and may lead to death due to
the cold) and trench foot(a painful condition of the feet caused by long
immersion in cold water which makes the surface of the tissue blacken or dead).
What caused European leaders to feel insecure? – Nationalism suspicion
jealousy and competition for land made the European leaders feel insecure.
What were two ways European leaders tried to protect themselves? – Alliances
seeking friends (country leaders) to help protect their country and build up an
army.
Why did the British want to attack Turkey and capture the Dardanelles? – The
British thought that it would be a big blow against the Turks because of victory
and they thought if they had defeated the turks, they would then be able to
attack Austria through the Balkans.
Why did the landing at Gallipoli go wrong? (3 reasons):
The landing on Gallipoli on 25 April 1915 did not go to plan.
- The first boats, carrying the covering force, became bunched and landed
about a mile north of the designated beaches.
- The main force landed on a too narrow front and became intermixed,
making it difficult for the troops to regroup.
- The troops had to scale steep ground with little understanding of the
terrain.
Prior to the event of WWI, the ANZACS had gone to Egypt to train for the
upcoming war at the 25th of April, 1915. The landing in Gallipoli (in Turkey)
had gone wrong; they had landed at the wrong place which left Germany the
advantage of killing thousands of soldiers, the whole place was a hail of fire due
to the pelts the Germans had fired, it was a nightmare to our soldiers—seeing
people, allies just dying next to them made them scared of what move to make
next. The war had ended on the 11th of November, 1918—it was a withdraw.
Events that had occurred during the war: The trenches were constantly flooded
and led people to many deaths, since the Germans had the upper land, little had
affected their flooding, but the ANZACS had the groundwater flood the whole
of their trenches which led to many soldiers having Trench foot. A time before
the trenches had flooded, the Australians had an evacuation escape which was
quite smart of them. They used a rifle fire to escape by the tins that had water
weighing inside, flowing to the other tin which had triggered the gun and so, it
fired—which made it seem as if they were still there, but they weren’t
controlling the rifles.
The western front was the main battlefield of WWI. The ANZACS dug
trenches and lived through the lifeless days.
WORLD WAR II
Allied powers - Axis powers
Britain Germany
France Italy
Soviet Union France
United States
Major leaders (Allies)
Germany(Hitler) had first invaded Poland and had ravelled the games of WWII.
Japan had invaded Australia to strengthen their defensive perimeter and have
power over Australia’s military navy forces.
The world war II had started because Germany had tried to take Poland by force
and soon, many countries had sided.
What happened on December the 7th, 1941? Why was this event so important?
The Japanese attacked pearl harbour without any sort of warning and so, United
states, Britain and Australia had acted upon this incident.
Where was the second AIF sent to fight in January 1940 and against whom?
(AIF stands for ‘Australia Imperial forces’.) The second AIF left to fight in
Mediterranean, Middle East and North Africa against the Italians.