Lesson 4

Duplex Drilling Method

“ Drill Bit Location
Location”
A Friendly Discussion

Thomas J. Tuozzolo, P.E.

September, 24, 2010

ISM –Washington
Washington, DC
CONSTRUCTION & GEOTECHNICAL
SEW
N JERSEY FLORIDA NEW YORK MASSACHUSETTS PENNSYLVANIA
ERVICES ● ● ● ● ● DELAWARE ● WASHINGTON, DC MORETRENCH.COM
Overview

 Internal Drilling Methods

 What is this “Plug
g Drilling”
g Method?
Featured in Foundation Drilling Magazine
– Dec/Jan 2009 issue.
 Can “Plug Drilling” work everywhere?
 What does it really take to drill a proper
hole/pile?
 Discussion
Basic Construction Sequence
q Involves

 Drilling

 Placingreinforcement
f
 Grouting
Basic Construction Techniques
q
Installation Methods
Drilling
g Methods

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Single Tube Rotary Duplex Rotary Percussive Rotary Percussive “Double Head” Duplex 6.
Advancement Concentric Duplex Eccentric Duplex Hollow-Stem
(End of Casing Auger
Flush)

Legend Percussion (Casing) Rotation (Casing) Flush Casing Rod

Percussion (Rod) Rotation (Rod)

Crown
Shoe Bit
Duplex
p Drilling
g
 Often specified - least risk
 Minimal loss of ground in
cohesionless soils
 Possible borehole smearing in clays
 Grouted through the casing –
th pulled
then ll d with
ith tremie
t i head
h d
or excess pressure
Internal Flush Drilling
g
King
g Swivel – injecting
j g water or air
Discharge
g Spoils
p
Pressure Grouting
g Setup
p
Drill Bit Location
Installation with Cutting
g Shoes
Internal Flush Drilling
g
Rotaryy Duplex
p Rod and Casing
g
Rotaryy Duplex
p Rod and Casing
g
Rotaryy Duplex
p Rod and Casing
g
Internal Flush Drilling
g
Internal Flush Drilling
g
Bit Location – Air Configuration
g
Plug
g Drilling
g – What is it?

In Plug Drilling the

Casing extends
Reason for Plug
well beyond the
Drilling???
inner steel, forcing
internal (between
“ Inner Drill String
the casing and the
must remain
drill steel) travel of
retracted inside
spoil
casing a distance
off 2 times
i the
h
(Foundation
inside diameter of
Drilling Magazine,
the casing to
January 2009)
prevent external
flush”
What do yyou do when yyou bind up?
p
Possible outcome
Possible Disadvantages
g

 “Having a machine with the power of a

large bore drill allows to plug drill”
What about tight acess or low headroom
projects?
j t ?

Cross Section Through New Chamber

What about tight access or low headroom
projects ?
Lowering
g of Drill Rigs
g – Klemm 702
 What about tight
g access or low headroom ?
projects ?
Lowering of Drill Rigs
What about tight access or low headroom ?

Two Rigs Working

What about tight
g access or low headroom ?
Possible Disadvantages
g

 “Having
“H i a machine
hi withith th
the power off a llarge b
bore d
drill
ill
allows to plug drill”
 Makes
M k casingi shoe
h d do more off th
the workk andd can result
lt
in excess wear which can result in premature termination
of hole ((shoe worn out)) requiringg extraction of casing
g
(leaving an open hole).
 What happens when you get stuck?
 More torque induced into casing which can result in
difficulties extracting and breaking joints for pressure
grouted micropiles (joints seized up).
Possible conditions for “Plug
g Drilling”
g

 No restrictions
N t i ti on rig
i size.
i C
Can use llarge d
drill
ill h
head
d with
ith
high torque.
 You can drill
Y d ill with
ith a single
i l stroke
t k machine,
hi without
ith t
adding casing.
 Y never have
You h tto pullll outt off th
the d
drill
ill h
hole.
l

If “plug
plug drilling”
drilling is not performed
properly you may need a lot of
grout!!!
Uphold
p Velocity
y – Compressed
p Air

MINIMUM COMPRESSOR SIZE REQUIRED in CFM

3,500
Min. Uphole Velocity = CASING SIZES
FPM
114 133 8.625 9.625 9.625 10.75 10.75 12.75
ROD SIZE 5.5 in 5.5 in 7.0 in 7.0 in 11.75 in
mm mm in in in in in in
x x x x x x x x x x x x
Type OD x 0.534"
0.500" 0.500" 0.365" 0.415" 0.453" 0.500" 0.500" 0.500" 0.545" 0.500" 0.750" 0.750"
2-3/8" IF (API Internal
3.5 - 110 200 180 480 450 880 1190 1160 1580 1400 1940 2180
Flush)
2 7/8" IF (API Internal
4.5 - - 50 30 320 300 720 1030 1000 1430 1250 1790 2030
Flush)
3-1/2" IF (API Internal
4.5 - - 50 30 320 300 720 1030 1000 1430 1250 1790 2030
Flush)
3-1/2" IF OS (API
5.5 - - - - 130 110 530 840 810 1240 1060 1600 1840
Internal Flush)

4" FH (API Full Hole) 5.5 - - - - 130 110 530 840 810 1240 1060 1600 1840

4-1/2" BECO 7 - - - - - - 170 480 460 880 700 1240 1480

6" BECO 8.625 - - - - - - - - - 390 210 760 1000

12 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

12 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

12 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Lift ½ inch particle out of hole 70 to 80ft max

Uphold
p Velocity
y – Water
MINIMUM WATER VOLUME REQUIRED in GPM
150
Min. Uphole Velocity = CASING SIZES
FPM
114 133
ROD SIZE 5.5 in 5.5 in 7.0 in 7.0 in 8.625 in9.625 in9.625 in10.75 in10.75 in 12.75 in 12.75 in
mm mm
x x x x x x x x x x x x
Type OD x 0.500"
0.500" 0.500" 0.365" 0.415" 0.453" 0.500" 0.500" 0.500" 0.545" 0.500" 0.750" 0.750"
2-3/8" IF (API Internal
3.5 - 40 70 60 160 150 290 390 380 510 450 780 700
Flush)
2 7/8" IF (API Internal
4.5 - - 20 10 110 100 240 340 330 460 400 730 660
Flush)
3-1/2" IF (API Internal
4.5 - - 20 10 110 100 240 340 330 460 400 730 660
Flush)
3-1/2" IF OS (API
55
5.5 - - - - 50 40 180 280 270 400 340 660 590
Internal Flush)

4" FH (API Full Hole) 5.5 - - - - 50 40 180 280 270 400 340 660 590

4-1/2" BECO 7 - - - - - - 60 160 150 290 230 550 480

6" BECO 8.625

6 8 625 - - - - - - - - - 130 70 390 320

12 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

12 - - - -
Typically use no- more
- -
than -
100 -
gpm - - - -

12 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Lift ½ inch particle out of hole 70 to 80ft max

What should you be doing while internal
drilling?

 Drill bit leading by 1 – 3 inches.

 Really controlling your fluids, whether
it be air or water.
water
 Cuttings not coming up the casing,
too much water.
 What do you think?
 Thank You!

CONSTRUCTION & GEOTECHNICAL

SEW
N JERSEY FLORIDA NEW YORK MASSACHUSETTS PENNSYLVANIA
ERVICES ● ● ● ● ● DELAWARE ● WASHINGTON, DC MORETRENCH.COM
Drilling
g Method: Principles
p of Selection
 The method selected must:
 Provide a stable hole of the required dimensions
and within stated tolerances
 Be compatible with project access and
environmental constraints,, e.g.,
g , noise and
vibration thresholds
 Allow completion of each hole within a single day
 Be compatible with spoils handling requirements
 Consider presence of hazardous materials
Typical
yp Overburden Cased Drilling
g Techniques
q

 Single-tube
g advancement
 external flush (wash boring)

 drive drilling
g ((lost p
point))
 Rotary duplex – Inner Rod
 Double head duplex
 Hollow Stem Augers
 Sonic
 Rotary percussive – Down-Hole-Hammer
 Rotary percussive-Overburden
percussive Overburden Systems
Water Flush Through
g Duplex
p Ejector
j

Diverter heads used most often now

Rotaryy Percussive Duplex
p
Rotaryy Percussive Duplex
p
Overburden Drilling
g Systems
y - Concentric

 High-production
High production drilling
equipment
 Overburden drilling
systems
t
 NUMA Superjaws NUMA Superjaws
 Mitsubishi Super Maxbit
 Other obstruction-tooling

Mitsubishi Super Maxbit

Initial Notes on Design-Special
g p Tooling
g
Equipment and Tooling Selection
ICTOLOY “CRUNCH” BIT
ICTOLOY “CRUNCH” BIT

CARBIDE-BUTTON RING BIT

HARD FORMATION ROLLER BIT

Equipment
q p and Tooling
g Selection
Manhattan Salt Storage
g Piers
Manhattan Salt Storage
g Piers
Bronx Piers
Bronx Piers