Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. Microorganisms and
Microbiology
Chapter outline
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Concepts
Microorganisms are responsible for many of the changes
observed in organic and inorganic matter (e.g.,
fermentation and the carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycles
that occurred in nature.
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Microbial world
Prokaryotes
eukaryotes viruses viroids prions
(unicellular)
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The emergence of
higher life forms
Biogeochemical
cycling
Huge diversity and
physiological
capacities
Relationships with
higher organisms
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Microorganisms as cells
Cell is fundamental unit
of life
Compartmentalized
Dynamic systems
Cells constantly
communicate and
exchange materials with
their environment
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Cell Chemistry
and Key Structures
Four main components (macromolecules):
– Proteins
– Nucleic acids
– Lipids
– Polysaccharides
Key structures:
– Cytoplasmic membrane
– Cytoplasm
– Nucleus
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Important in C,N,S
cycle
Convert elements to
a form that is readily
accessible to plants
Negatives: Food
spoilage and food
borne diseases
– E.coli in spinach
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Early Microscopy
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Robert Hooke
Described fruiting
structures of molds
in 1665
First person to
describe
microorganisms
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Slow growth
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Cohn cont.
Identified sulfur
bacterium Beggiatoa
mirabilis
Became interested in
heat resistant bacterium
– Led him to discover
Bacillus genus
– Described entire life
cycle
– (vegetative cell-
endospore-vegetative
cell)
– Heat did not kill the
endospore
French
microbiologist and
chemist
Multi-faceted
career
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Pasteur’s Experiment
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Coral Disease
Hard to duplicate the The etiology of white pox, a lethal disease of the
Caribbean elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata Kathryn L.
reef Patterson* , James W. Porter�, Kim B. Ritchie、ヲ,
Shawn W. PolsonDeborah L. Santavy珥, and Garriet
Many diseases have W. Smith、PNAS 2002
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Sergei cont.
From studies on sulfur-oxidizing
bacteria:
– Chemolithotrophy: the oxidation
of inorganic compounds linked to
energy conservation
From studies on nitrogen fixing
bacteria, concluded that they
obtained their carbon from CO2
From studies, proposed these
organisms were autotrophs,
specifically chemoautotrophs
Also isolated the first nitrogen-
fixing bacteria
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New Frontiers
350yrs of research!
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