CELL IN STOMACH - ( Plummer-Vinson Syndrome, Glossitis)

1. Surface mucous cell: bicarbonate, mucous Lacerations

2. Mucous neck cell - (Mallory-Weis Syndrome-haemoptysis,
3. Parietal: HCL& ghrelin Boerharre’s Syndrome-penetrate all layers)
4. Chief/Parietal Cell: HCL
5. G cell : gastrin Achalasia
6. Neuroendrocrinr : histamine, serotininn - Autoimmune
7. Grelinergic cell: Ghrelin ( Stimulate parietl - Loss Myenteric Nerve Plexus
release hcl) - Impair relaxation LES
8. Delta cell : somatostatin - Loss 2/3 distal Oesophagitis
- N& V, hetburn, disphagia, cnat water, chest
Small Intestine pain , noctural pain
1. Surface absorptive cell 1. Barium Esophagram: Bird Beak
2. Goblet cell 2. Endoscopy :
3. M cell: Endocytosis 3. Eosophagal Manometry: absence
4. Penneth cell; peristalsis, fail to swallow
5. ENTEROENDROCRINE CELL 4. X-ray
6. INTESTINAL CRYTS EPUTHELIUM CELL 5. CT scan
- Surgical Myotomy
- Ca Channel Blocker
- Botox, Ca channel blocker, Surgical
Gastritis Myotomy
- Mucosal Haemorrhage, atrophy, Reflux ( GERD, Gastroesophagal Reflux, Reflux
metaplasia, dysplasia, carcinoma esophagitis)
- Symptom: Nausea , vomit, upper - Inefficient mechanism (pregnancy,
abdominal pain, Pangastritis, Anemia, hypothyroidism, alcohol, tobacco,
Bleeding (Haemorrhage), Edema Nasogastric tube)
* Virchow's node is a left-sided supraclavicular - Sliding Hiatus Hernia
lymph node
- Delayed gastric emptying
- Cause: Stress, NSAID, alcohol, tobacco
- Symp: Heartburn, Regurgitate, chest pain,
- H. Pylori Infection : cytokines, PUD, Gastric
N&V, Hicough, weight loss
Ca, Barret Oesophagus, Obesity, EBV
1. Upper ENDOSCOPY : upward shift
- Triple Therapy: PPI, Amoxicillin,
squamous to columnar
Clarithromycin
2. Barium Esophagram ( X-ray): Ulcer, bleed
- Autoimmune: type A Gastitis :
3. Biopsy : abnormal lining
Autoantibody destroy mucosal
4. Esophagal Manometry
- Treat : stop drink alsohol tobacco Ab
Barret Eosophagus
(h.pylori)
- Distal Squamous-> Columnar
- Diagnosis: Endoscopy, Biopsy, Urea breast
- Metaplasia-> dysplasia->Neoplasia
test
- Why: GERD, Achalasia, alcohol, tobacco,
- Type Cacinoma: Exophytitic, flat, excavated
Ulceration, bleeding, eosopahgitis,
dysphagia
PUD
- Complication: Ulceration, bleedinf,
perforation, adenocarcinoma
- Treat: lifestyle change, antacid
- Surgery to strengthen lower end of
OESOPHAGAL DISORDER
oesophagus
Atresia / traceho oesophagal fitsula
Eosophagal AdenoCarcinoma
Diverticulum
- Genetic: p53 gene mutation
- ( Zenker, Traction, Epinephric)
- Alcohol, tobacco
Hiatus Hernia
- Achalasia, Barret Osophagus, Plummer-
Esophagal Web/ Ring
Vinson Syndrome
 - Symptom: sepsis, haemorrhage, weight
loss
- Polypoid, excavating, flat
- Risk: achalasia, Barret, Cigratte,
Diverticulum, Eosophagal web, Fitsula

ACUTE PANCREATITIS
- Injury Acinar cell
- Cause : I GET SMASHED
Idiopathic, G, Ethanol, Trauma, scorpion
sting, measles, A ,S , H