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1 de junio de 2018
(λ = 4),(λ = −1)
2−4 2 x1 0
para λ = 4 =
3 1 − 4 x2 0
−2 2 1 −1
∼
3 −3 0 0
x r
=
y r
1
=r
1
para
λ = −1
2+1 2 x 0
=
3 1+1 y 0
3 2 3 2
∼ los vectores propios v1 (1, 1), v2 = (−2, 3)
3 2 0 0
3 0 1
A= 1 2 1
−2 2 1
solucion
3 0 1 1 0 0
A= 1 2 1 − 0 1 0
−2 2 1 0 0 1
3−λ 0 1
p(λ) = det(A − λ1) = det 1 2−λ 1
−2 2 1−λ
2−λ 1 1 2−λ
= (3 − λ) +1
2 1−λ −2 2
1
= (3 − λ)[(2 − λ)(1 − λ) − 2] + (2 − (−4 + 2λ) =
(3 − λ)(λ2 − 5λ + 6) =
(λ − 3)(λ − 3)(λ − 2) = 0
para
λ=3
3−3 0 1 0 0 1 x1 0
A= 1 2−3 1 = 1 −1 1 x x2 = 0
−2 2 1−3 −2 2 −2 x3 0
1
v1 = 2
0
ahora
para λ = 2
3−2 0 1 1 0 1 x1 0
A= 1 2−2 1 = 1 0 1 x x2 = 0
−2 2 1−2 −2 2 −1 x3 0
1
v2 = 2
1
2 0
2) A =
0 3
solucion
calculando los autovalores
2 1 1 0 2 −1
λA= = λI − A = λ −
0 3 0 1 0 3
λ − 2 −1
det(λI − A) = = (λ − 2)(λ − 3) = 0
0 λ−3
2
por lo tanto los vectores de la matriz A son v1 = (1, 0) y v2 = (1, 1)
x1 − x2 = 0 ⇒ x1 = x2
3 −2 0
A = −2 5 0
0 0 5
solucion
3 −2 0 1 0 0 3 −2 0
A = −2 3 0 = |λI − A| 0 1 0 − −2 3 0 = 0
0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 5
λ − 3 −2 0
A = −2 λ − 3 0 = 0 , de donde (λ − 5)(λ − 3)3 = 0 ⇒ λ = 3, λ = 5 son los
0 0 λ−5
valorespropios de A.
x1
sea x= x2 vector propio de A
x3
x es un vector propio A corresponde a λ si y solo si x es una solucion no tribial de
(λI −A)x = 0 es decir, solucion
no tribial
de:
λ − 3 −2 0 x1 0
A = −2 λ − 3 0 x2 = 0
0 0 λ−5 x3 0
si λ = 3
1 −2 0 x1 0
−2 1 0 x2 = 0
0 0 −1 x 0
3
x1 x1
x = x2 = x1
x 0
3
1
x1 1
0
si
λ − 5
2 −2 0 x1 0
−2 2 0 x2 = 0
0 0 0 x3 0
2x1 + 2x2 = 0 ⇒ x2 = −x1 , x3 εR
x1 x1 1 0
x= x2 = −x2 = x1 −1 + x3 0
x3 x3 0 1
v1 = [1, −1, 0] = v2 , v3 = [0, 0, 1]
3 −1
4). A =
−2 2
solucion
3 −1 λ − 3 −1
A= det(λI − A)= =0
−2 2 2 λ−2
λ − 3)(λ − 2) − 2 = 0 donde λ2 − 5λ + 4 = 0
3
λ1 = 1, λ2 = 4 son valores propios
λ − 3 −1 X1 0
λI − A)x = 0 ES DECIR =
2 λ − 2 X2 0
para
λ = 1,
−2 1 X1 0
= ⇒
2 −1 X2 0
−2x1 + x2 = 0
2x1 − x2 = 0
⇒ x2 = 2x1
X1 x
x = 1 = v1 [1, 2]
2X1 x2
1 1 X1 0
para λ = 4, =
1 2 X2 0
x2 =−x1
X1 X1
x= = = , v2 = [1, −1]
X2 −x1
4
solucion
3 −1 −2
A = −1 2 −3 ⇒ q(x1 , x2 , x3 ) = 3x21 + 2x22 + x23 − 2x1 x2 − 4x1 x3 − 6x2 x3
−2 −3 1
5.
0 1/2 0
A = 1/3 2 −1
0 −1 0
solucion
0 1/2 0
A = 1/3 2 −1 ⇒ q(x1 , x2 , x3 ) = 3x22 + x1 x2 − 2x2 x3
0 −1 0