Catanduanes State University

COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

Virac, Catanduanes

Physical Plant and Facility Layout

Ar. JOSE G. ONG, uap, rmp

Asst. Prof. III
 PHYSICAL PLANT
Physical plant
– refers to the necessary
infrastructure used in operation
and maintenance of a given
facility.

– (also known as physical

facilities) comprises lands,
buildings, furniture, and other
physical infrastructures
equipment and complement
institutional and program
effectiveness. It includes
physical facilities in teaching
spaces and ancillary rooms.
 FACILITY LAYOUT
Facility Layout
– is simply the way a facility is
arranged in order to maximize
processes that are not only
efficient but effective towards
the overall organizational goal.
.
– is an arrangement of different
aspects of manufacturing in an
appropriate manner as to
achieve desired production
results. Facility layout considers
available space, final product,
safety of users and facility and
convenience of operations.
 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES

“Educational Facilities are valuable assets of the school

that have to be given priority attention in terms of its
establishment, procurement, development, improvement,
maintenance, records keeping and accountabilities.
These consist of sites, buildings and various educational
facilities which are the major support system of the
school to enhance the learning capabilities of the
pupils/students for the maximum development of their
potentials, skills, talents and to become God-loving, law-
abiding, value-laden and responsible citizens of this
country”
 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES

IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES

➢ Educational facilities are considered indispensable to a

school; they do not only provide housing for the school but
also serve as facilitating agents for all the educational
activities that take place in a school.

➢ The availability of safe, secured, adequate and satisfactory

educational facilities will support the teaching and learning
processes and ultimately improve the quality of basic
education.
 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES

BASIC PRINCIPLES ON EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES

➢ The primary function of educational facilities is to provide the

proper school environment that is most conducive to effective
teaching and learning.

➢ Functional and effective educational facilities are developed,

operated and managed on the basis of a comprehensive plan
of action of the school, prepared by all stakeholders in
education in the community.
 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
SOUND EDUCATIONAL FACILITY PLANNING AND DESIGN PROCESS
PRINCIPLES

➢ Maximize collaboration in school planning design through consultative

planning, design and project implementation, involving a wide spectrum
of representatives from the community, e.g., administrative decision-
makers, parents, business and community leaders, technical people,
teachers, school administrators, and pupils/students.
➢ Build a proactive facility management program which anticipates
facility problems during the planning phase like maintenance and
operations of the educational facilities.
➢ Plan schools as neighborhood-scaled community learning centers
➢ Plan for learning to take place directly in the community which affirms
that learning happens all the time and in many different places.
 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES PROGRAM

➢ An educational facilities program is basically a comprehensively

planned set of decisions for action which are directed at the
achievement of specific goals within specified time frames. It
shall be an integral part of the total educational program of the
school.

➢ The program shall be planned within the framework of well-

defined educational objectives.

➢ A comprehensive educational facilities program shall cover within

its scope of action such aspects as establishing, organizing,
developing, improving, maintaining, financing, evaluating, etc.,
the school furniture, equipment, school buildings and school
sites.
 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES

EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES PROGRAM

➢ The formulation of decisions for action shall take into account

the total educational program for the community as well as new
trends and developments in education, which influence the
nature of the school program, and the corresponding
requirements in physical facilities.

➢ For optimal effectiveness, decisions for action incorporated in the

educational facilities program shall be categorized as to short-
range, medium-range, and long-range time frames.
 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
SCHOOL MAPPING
➢ a dynamic process of planning the distribution, size and spacing of schools and
requirements for optimum utilization and benefit.
➢ a process of identifying current inadequacies in distribution and of providing
appropriate types and patterns of school plant.
➢ a continuous process involving the uninterrupted recording of basic information
required for analysis of the school map at any given point in time.
School Mapping Process
❖ Specific Areas for Expansion
▪ rationalization of existing facilities
▪ provision of new or additional facilities
❖ Initial Steps in School Mapping
▪ Diagnosis of the Existing Situation
▪ Projection of future requirements
▪ Drawing up of perspective school map
 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES

Basic Data Needed for the Conduct of School Mapping

❖ Education Data
❖ Population Data
❖ Other Planning Data
Expected Results of School Mapping
❖ Education Data
❖ School buildings requiring repairs
❖ Schools requiring additional classrooms
❖ Opening of New Schools
❖ Phasing out of existing schools
❖ Resource allocation
❖ Environmental Mapping
EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES

Basic Data Needed for the Conduct of School Mapping

 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
Ergonomics
❖ an applied science concerned with designing and arranging things people
use so that the people and things interact most efficiently and safely.
❖ The study of work and the relationship of works to the physical and
cognitive capabilities of people.
❖ Fitting the job (tools, tasks and environment) to the employee, instead of
forcing the worker to fit the job.
 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
Anthropometry
❖ a science of measuring the human body, its parts and functional
capabilities.
❖ A discipline that deals with body measurements: Body size, shape, strength
and working capacity.
❖ measurement of the dimensions of the body and other physical
characteristics.

Types of Part-Body Measurements

❖ Static Measurements
❖ Dynamic Measurements
Methods in Taking Part-Body Measurements
❖ Measuring actually each of the whole range of part-body dimensions
❖ Measuring only the standing height and then deducing the part-body
measurements from it by using a system of proportion which relates
part-body measurements to standing height.
EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES

Furnicube by George S. Salvan

 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
Thermal Comfort
Thermal Comfort thru Natural Ventilation
❖ Proper orientation of school buildings to minimize solar heat loads, that
is, building ends shall face approximately the east-west direction and
its long sides along the north-south direction to avoid direct sunlight.
❖ Designing school buildings with wide overhanging eaves to provide
shade and promote air motion inside the buildings.
❖ Keeping buildings as narrow as possible so that breezes can blow
through the rooms easily from one side of the building to the other.
❖ Providing adequate fenestration to allow the maximum amount of wind
to blow through the building.
❖ Planting trees with a large foliage mass along the sides of the building
to promote air motion inside the building. Distance of the trees from the
building shall be specified, not too close to affect air circulation, nor
later on to destroy the building foundation by their roots.
 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
Thermal Comfort
Thermal Comfort thru Natural Ventilation as recommended by
the Philippine Green Building Council (PhilGBC).
❖ Maximum allowed degrees deviation of building from the east-west
direction.
❖ Length of overhang in relation to bottom of window sill when the sun
is at its lowest angle to the south on June 21 and when the sun is at
its lowest angle to the north on December 21. This will vary
depending on the site’s latitude bearing.
❖ Maximum width space of buildings. Define minimum distance
requirement between buildings.
❖ Minimum and maximum percent ratio of fenestration to wall area.
Specify minimum distance of trees from the building.
 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
Visual Comfort
Quantity of Light
❖ standard classroom in general: 10 foot candles.
❖ common tasks in classroom: 20 to 40 foot candles considered
practical and satisfactory.
❖ finer classroom tasks
▪ Reading printed materials :30 foot candles
▪ Reading pencil writing :70 foot candles
▪ Reading good duplicated materials : 30 foot candles
▪ Reading poor duplicated materials :100 foot candles
▪ Lip reading, sewing : 150 foot candles
 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
Visual Comfort
Quantity of Light
❖ standard classroom in general: 10 foot candles.
❖ common tasks in classroom: 20 to 40 foot candles considered practical
and satisfactory.
❖ finer classroom tasks
▪ Reading printed materials :30 foot candles
▪ Reading pencil writing :70 foot candles
▪ Reading good duplicated materials : 30 foot candles
▪ Reading poor duplicated materials :100 foot candles
▪ Lip reading, sewing : 150 foot candles

❖ In terms of watt, four (4) 40-watt/six (6) 40-watt, or eight (8) 40-watt
fluorescent lamps are sufficient standard requirement to achieve visual
acuity.
 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
Acoustical Comfort
Sources of Sounds
❖ The voice of his own teacher
❖ Background sounds in his own classroom, such as chairs scrapping, sounds
of movement from nearby children, etc.
❖ Intrusive sounds from adjoining classrooms, such as voices of other
teachers and pupils/students, sounds of activities of children, etc.
❖ External sounds from outside the building, such as vehicles, airplanes, birds
chirping, dogs barking, etc.
Ways of Achieving Acoustic Comfort
❖ Locating the school in a quiet neighborhood
❖ Locating the school building at a reasonable distance from the street
❖ Proper zoning of the school site to separate noisy areas from those where
silence is required
❖ Grouping buildings according to function so that academic buildings, where
silence is required, are located at a reasonable distance from shop, home
economics, and other buildings where noisy activities take place normally
 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
Acoustical Comfort

Desirable Aural Environment

❖ Arranging the seats in such a way that no pupil is more than seven
meters away from the teacher standing in front of the room; and

❖ Where classrooms both face a common partition/back to back on

either side, partition shall be up to the ceiling, if possible, double
walled to avoid the noise from disturbing any of the classrooms.