Practice short answer question 1:

Shown below are the major female reproductive organs, and the major sites of actions of
gonadotrophins and hormones on these organs.
FSH Fallopian tube
Fertilisation LH Progesterone
Oestrogen

Ovulation Ovary
Endometrium
Implantation Myometrium

Cervix

Vagina

For FSH and LH describe (i) the site of production, (ii) the site of action and (iii) the major
biological effect in the female reproductive tract. (6 marks)
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Explain the roles of the endometrium and the myometrium during female reproductive
cycles and during pregnancy. (8 marks)
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Practice short answer question 2:

1. Name the sperm cells 1-4 shown in the diagram above (2 marks):

Sperm cell 1: ________________________________________________________________

Sperm cell 2: ________________________________________________________________
Sperm cell 3: ________________________________________________________________
Sperm cell 4: ________________________________________________________________

2. Describe the major purpose of meiotic divisions in developing sperm cells. In your
answer, describe the processes of meiosis I and meiosis II and explain the resulting
sperm cell compliment (6 marks).

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Explain the process of spermiogenesis (4 marks):
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Practice short answer question 3:

Describe the structural changes that occur in the endometrium across the menses,
proliferative phase and secretory phase. In your answer, explain the roles of estrogen and
progesterone on the endometrium (8 marks).
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Describe how the ovary produces progesterone and estrogen in response to FSH and LH (6
marks).
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