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APORTE INDIVIDUAL
ENTREGADO POR:
GRUPO: 100401_13
PRESENTADO A:
FRANCISCO JAVIER CASTELLANOS
TUTOR
1
ACTIVIDADES A DESARROLLAR
Aportes 1: Solucionar.
Solución
𝑗 𝑥𝑗 𝑓(𝑥) = ln(𝑥𝑗)
0 1 0
1 1.01 0.009950331
2 1.02 0,019802627
3 1.03 0.029558802
4 1.04 0.039220713
5 1.05 0.048790164
6 1.06 0,058268908
7 1.07 0.067658648
8 1.08 0.076961041
9 1.09 0.086177696
10 1.1 0.09531018
2
Formula centrada
1 ℎ2
∫ ′(𝑥0 ) = [𝑓(𝑥0 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥0 − ℎ)] − ∫ ′′′(𝑒)
2ℎ 6
1
𝑓 ′ (1) = [−3(0) + 4(0.009950331) − 0,019802627] ≈ 0.099993485
2(0.01)
1
𝑓 ′ (1.1) = [−3(0.09531018) + 4(0.086177696) − 0.076961041]
2(−0.01)
≈ 0.090903985
Para la centrada
1
𝑓 ′ (1.05) = [(0,058268908) − 0.039220713] ≈ 0.95240975
2(0.01)
3
𝑗 𝑡𝑗 𝑥𝑗
0 0 0
1 0.01 0.0001
2 0.02 0.0004
3 0.03 0.0009
4 0.04 0.0016
5 0.04 0.0025
1
𝑓 ′ (0.01) ≈ [0.0004 − 2(0.001) + 0] ≈ 2
0.012
1
𝑓 ′ (0.02) ≈ [0.0009 − 2(0.0004) + 0.0001] ≈ 2
0.012
1
𝑓 ′ (0.03) ≈ [0.0016 − 2(0.0009) + 0.0004] ≈ 2
0.012
1
𝑓 ′ (0.04) ≈ [0.0025 − 2(0.0016) + 0.0009] ≈ 2
0.012
2 𝑥3 43
∫1 3+𝑥 1/2
𝑑𝑥 ∫2 √𝑥(𝑒 2𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
Solución:
2 𝑥3
∫1 3+𝑥 1/2
𝑑𝑥
Hallamos delta de x
𝑏−𝑎
∆𝑥 = ,𝑏 = 2, 𝑎 = 1, 𝑛=4
𝑛
4
2−1
∆𝑥 = = 0.25
4
Calculamos las coordenadas de x, con la formula 𝑥𝑖 = 𝑎 + 𝑖(∆𝑥)
𝑥0 = 1 + 0(0.25) = 1
𝑥1 = 1 + 1(0.25) = 1.25
𝑥2 = 1 + 2(0.25) = 1.5
𝑥3 = 1 + 3(0.25) = 1.75
𝑥4 = 1 + 4(0.25) = 2
4
3
∫ √𝑥 (𝑒 2𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
2
Hallamos delta de x
𝑏−𝑎
∆𝑥 = ,𝑏 = 4, 𝑎 = 2, 𝑛=4
𝑛
4−2
∆𝑥 = = 0.5
4
Calculamos las coordenadas de x, con la formula 𝑥𝑖 = 𝑎 + 𝑖(∆𝑥)
𝑥0 = 2 + 0(0.5) = 2
𝑥1 = 2 + 1(0.5) = 2.5
𝑥2 = 2 + 2(0.5) = 3
5
𝑥3 = 2 + 3(0.5) = 3.5
𝑥4 = 2 + 4(0.5) = 4
Hallamos delta de x
𝑏−𝑎
∆𝑥 = ,𝑏 = 4, 𝑎 = 2, 𝑛=4
𝑛
4−2
∆𝑥 = = 0.5
4
Calculamos las coordenadas de x, con la formula 𝑥𝑖 = 𝑎 + 𝑖(∆𝑥)
𝑥0 = 2 + 0(0.5) = 2
𝑥1 = 2 + 1(0.5) = 2.5
𝑥2 = 2 + 2(0.5) = 3
𝑥3 = 2 + 3(0.5) = 3.5
𝑥4 = 2 + 4(0.5) = 4
4
𝑒𝑥 ∆𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = [𝑓(𝑥0 ) + 4(𝑥1 ) + 2(𝑥2 ) + 4(𝑥3 ) + 𝑓(𝑏)]
2 𝑥−1 3
6
4
𝑒𝑥 0.5 𝑒2 𝑒 2.5 𝑒3 𝑒 3.5 𝑒4
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = [( )+ 4( ) + 2( )+ 4( )+( )]
2 𝑥−1 3 2−1 2.5 − 1 3−1 3.5 − 1 4−1
4
𝑒𝑥 0.5
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = [7.389056 + 32.486650 + 20.085536 + 52.984723 + 18.199383]
2 𝑥−1 3
4
𝑒𝑥 0.5
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = [131.145348]
2 𝑥−1 3
4
𝑒𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 21.857558
2 𝑥−1
3
∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 ln(2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
1
1
Simpson
3
Hallamos delta de x
𝑏−𝑎
∆𝑥 = ,𝑏 = 3, 𝑎 = 1, 𝑛=4
𝑛
3−1
∆𝑥 = = 0.5
4
Calculamos las coordenadas de x, con la formula 𝑥𝑖 = 𝑎 + 𝑖(∆𝑥)
𝑥0 = 1 + 0(0.5) = 1
𝑥1 = 1 + 1(0.5) = 1.5
𝑥2 = 1 + 2(0.5) = 2
𝑥3 = 1 + 3(0.5) = 2.5
𝑥4 = 1 + 4(0.5) = 3
3
∆𝑥
∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 ln(2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = [𝑓(𝑥0 ) + 4(𝑥1 ) + 2(𝑥2 ) + 4(𝑥3 ) + 𝑓(𝑏)]
1 3
3
0.5 2
∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 ln(2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = [(𝑒 ln(2)) + 4(𝑒 3 ln(3)) + 2(𝑒 4 ln(4)) + 4(𝑒 5 ln(5)) + (𝑒 6 ln(6))]
1 3
3
0.5
∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 ln(2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = [5.121703 + 88.264870 + 151.378215 + 955.447059 + 722.847360]
1 3
3
∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 ln(2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 320.509832
1
7
5. Solucione los siguientes ejercicios de Integrales Múltiples compruebe que:
Solución:
0.5 𝑥 2
0.5 𝑥2 𝑦
∫ ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
0.1 𝑥3
0.5 𝑥2 𝑦 2
∫ ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = −(𝑒 𝑥 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑒 𝑥 − 1)𝑥
0.1 𝑥3
𝑥2 𝑦
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 =
𝑥3
0 𝑦 2
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = −(𝑒 𝑥 − 1)𝑥
𝑥3
0 𝑦
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑥3
8
𝑦 𝑦
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑦
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑥𝑑𝑢
= 𝑥 ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑥𝑒 𝑢
𝑦
= 𝑥𝑒 𝑥
𝑦
= 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑦 2
lim𝑦 → 𝑥 3 + (𝑥𝑒 𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
lim𝑦 → 0 + (𝑥𝑒 𝑥 ) = 𝑥
2
= 𝑥 − 𝑒𝑥 𝑥
2
= −(𝑒 𝑥 − 1)𝑥
𝑥2 𝑦
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = (𝑒 𝑥 − 1)𝑥
0
2
= −(𝑒 𝑥 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑒 𝑥 − 1)𝑥
0.5
2
= ∫ (−(𝑒 𝑥 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑒 𝑥 − 1)𝑥)𝑑𝑥
0.1
9
0.5
2
∫ (−(𝑒 𝑥 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑒 𝑥 − 1)𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 0.03331
0.1
0.5
2
∫ (−(𝑒 𝑥 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑒 𝑥 − 1)𝑥)𝑑𝑥
0.1
𝑥2
1 2 𝑥2 1 2
∫(−(𝑒 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑒 − 1)𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑥 + + 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑥
2 2 2
2
∫(−(𝑒 𝑥 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑒 𝑥 − 1)𝑥)𝑑𝑥
2 1 𝑥2
∫(𝑒 𝑥 − 1)𝑥𝑑𝑥 = (𝑒 − 𝑥 2 )
2
2
∫(𝑒 𝑥 − 1)𝑥𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑢
∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑢
∫ 1𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢
∫ 1𝑑𝑢 = 1 ∗ 𝑢 = 𝑢
10
1 𝑢
= (𝑒 − 𝑢)
2
1 2
= (𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )
2
𝑥2
∫(𝑒 𝑥 − 1)𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑒 𝑥 +
2
∫(𝑒 𝑥 − 1)𝑥𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥(𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑥) − ∫ 1 (𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
= (𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑥)𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑥
𝑥2 𝑥
∫ 𝑒 − 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 −
2
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥
𝑥2
∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 =
2
𝑥2
𝑥
=𝑒 −
2
𝑥2
= (𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑥)𝑥 − (𝑒 𝑥 − )
2
Simplificar
𝑥2 𝑥2
(𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑥)𝑥 − (𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑥
):𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑥 − 𝑒 +
2 2
𝑥2
= 𝑒 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥2 − 𝑒 𝑥 +
2
1 2 𝑥2 1 𝑥2 1 2
= − (𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ) + 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑒 𝑥 + : 𝑥 2 + + 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥
2 2 2 2 2
11
1 𝑥2 1 2
= 𝑥2 + + 𝑒 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐
2 2 2
Calcular los límites
0.5 0.5
𝑥2 (𝑒 𝑥
2
∫ (−(𝑒 − 1)𝑥 + − 1)𝑥)𝑑𝑥: ∫ (−(𝑒 𝑥 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑒 𝑥 − 1)𝑥)𝑑𝑥
0.1 0.1
= −1.46637 − (−1.49968)
1 2 𝑥2 1 2
lim → 0.1 + (− 𝑥 + + 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 ) = − 1.49968
𝑥 2 2 2
1 𝑥2 1 2
lim → 0.1 + (− 𝑥 2 + + 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 )
𝑥 2 2 2
1 2
0.12 1 2
= − ∗ 0.1 + + 𝑒 0.1 ∗ 0.1 − 𝑒 0.1 − 𝑒 0.1
2 2 2
= −1.49968
1 𝑥2 1 2
lim → 0.5 + (− 𝑥 2 + + 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 ) = − 1.46637
𝑥 2 2 2
1 𝑥2 1 2
lim → 0.5 + (− 𝑥 2 + + 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 )
𝑥 2 2 2
1 2
0.52 1 2
= − ∗ 0.5 + + √𝑒 ∗ 0.5 − √𝑒 − 𝑒 0.5
2 2 2
= −1.46637
= −146637 − (−1.49968)
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟏 ≈ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟎𝟓𝟒
1 2𝑥 1 2𝑥 1 2𝑥
𝑦4
∫∫ (𝑥 2 +𝑦 3)
𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 1.000122 = ∫ [∫ (𝑥 2 +𝑦 3 )𝑑𝑦 2 3
] 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ [𝑥 𝑦 + ] 𝑑𝑥
4 𝑥
0 𝑥 0 𝑥 0
1 2𝑥 1 2𝑥
2 (2𝑥)
(2𝑥)4 (𝑥)4 𝑥4
∫ [(𝑥 + ) − (𝑥 2 (𝑥) + )] 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ [(2𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 4 ) − (𝑥 3 + )] 𝑑𝑥
4 4 𝑥
4 𝑥
0 0
3 4)
16𝑥 4
3
15𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3
[(2𝑥 + 4𝑥 − (𝑥 + )] 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑒𝑙𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜 ( )
4 4
12
seguimos el proceso de integración
1
15𝑥 4
∫( + 4𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥
4
0
1 1 1
∫ (15𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑥 = (3𝑥 5 + 𝑥 4 )
4 0 4
∫ ∫ (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 3 ) 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 1
0 𝑥
Solución:
Tenemos los siguientes datos:
Aplicamos la ecuación:
13
X₁ = Z₀ + h = 0+0.05 = 0.05
Y₁ = y₀ + h·f(x₀,y₀) = 0+ 0.05(0) = 0
14
𝑓′(𝑥, 𝑦) = −𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥𝑦)[𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦]
= −𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥𝑦)[𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥𝑦) + 𝑦] Sustituyendo en (I)
1
𝑦𝑖+1 = 𝑦𝑖 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥𝑖 𝑦𝑖 )ℎ − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥𝑖 𝑦𝑖 )[𝑥𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥𝑖 𝑦𝑖 ) + 𝑦𝑖 ]ℎ2
2
Cambiando h por 0,5 se tiene:
= 1,706865
𝑦(𝑥3 ) = 𝑦(1,5)
= 1,706865 + 0,5 cos(1(1,706865))
− 0,125𝑠𝑒𝑛(1(1,706865))[1𝑐𝑜𝑠(1,706865) + 1,706865] = 1,444453
𝑦(𝑥4 ) = 𝑦(2) = 1,444453 + 0,5 cos((1,5) (1,444453))
− 0,125𝑠𝑒𝑛((1,5)(1,444453))[1,5𝑐𝑜𝑠((1,5)(1,444453)) + 1,444453]
= 𝟏, 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟎
Solución.
𝑦′ = 𝑦 − 𝑥2 + 1
𝑦(0)′ = 0.52
15
Solución
Para la solución de este problema se debe realizar iteraciones paso a paso para
determinar el siguiente valor de 𝑦𝑖 por lo que Runge-Kutta debemos aplicar:
1
𝑦𝑖+1 = 𝑦𝑖 + (𝑘1 + 2𝑘2 + 2𝑘3 + 𝑘4 )ℎ
6
Dónde:
𝐾1 = 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 , 𝑦𝑖 )
1 1
𝐾2 = 𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 + ℎ, 𝑦𝑖 + 𝐾1 ℎ)
2 2
1 1
𝐾3 = 𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 + ℎ, 𝑦𝑖 + 𝐾2 ℎ)
2 2
𝐾4 = 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 + ℎ, 𝑦𝑖 + 𝐾3 ℎ)
Las anteriores funciones podemos reducirla de las siguientes maneras para calcularlas
de una manera más fácil en cada iteración:
(𝑘1 + 2𝑘2 + 2𝑘3 + 𝑘4 )ℎ
𝑦𝑖+1 = 𝑦𝑖 +
6
Dónde:
𝐾1 = 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 , 𝑦𝑖 )
ℎ 𝐾1 ℎ
𝐾2 = 𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 + , 𝑦𝑖 + )
2 2
ℎ 𝐾2 ℎ
𝐾3 = 𝑓 (𝑥𝑖 + , 𝑦𝑖 + )
2 2
𝐾4 = 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 + ℎ, 𝑦𝑖 + 𝐾3 ℎ)
𝑲𝟏 = 𝑦 − 𝑥 2 + 1
𝑲𝟏 = 0.25 − 02 + 1
16
𝑲𝟏 = 0.25 + 1
𝑲𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓
𝑲𝟐 = 𝑦 − 𝑥 2 + 1
𝑲𝟐 = 0.375 − 0.12 + 1
𝑲𝟐 = 0.375 − 0.01 + 1
𝑲𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟔𝟓
𝑲𝟑 = 𝑦 − 𝑥 2 + 1
𝑲𝟑 = 0.3865 − 0.12 + 1
𝑲𝟑 = 0.3865 − 0.01 + 1
𝑲𝟑 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟕𝟔𝟓
17
𝑲𝟒 = 𝑓(0.2, 0.5253)
𝑲𝟒 = 𝑦 − 𝑥 2 + 1
𝑲𝟒 = 0.5253 − 0.22 + 1
𝑲𝟒 = 0.5253 − 0.04 + 1
𝑲𝟒 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟖𝟓𝟑
X Y 𝑲𝟏 𝑲𝟐 𝑲𝟑 𝑲𝟒
0 0.25 1.25 1.365 1.3765 1.4853
18
𝑲𝟐 = 𝑓(0.3, 0.52394 + 0.14839) = 𝑓(0.3, 0.67233)
𝑲𝟒 = 𝑓(0.4, 0.84237)
X Y 𝑲𝟏 𝑲𝟐 𝑲𝟑 𝑲𝟒
0 0.25 1.25 1.365 1.3765 1.4853
0.2 0.52394 1.48394 1.58233 1.59217 1.68237
𝑲𝟒 = 𝑓(0.6, 1.19451)
X Y 𝑲𝟏 𝑲𝟐 𝑲𝟑 𝑲𝟒
0 0.25 1.25 1.365 1.3765 1.4853
0.2 0.52394 1.48394 1.58233 1.59217 1.68237
0.4 0.84111 1.68111 1.75922 1.76703 1.83451
20
0.2 (1.83338)(0.2) 0.36667
𝑲𝟐 = 𝑓 (0.6 + ,1.19338 + ) = 𝑓 (0.6 + 0.1, 1.19338 + )
2 2 2
𝑲𝟒 = 𝑓(0.8, 1.57179)
X Y 𝑲𝟏 𝑲𝟐 𝑲𝟑 𝑲𝟒
0 0.25 1.25 1.365 1.3765 1.4853
0.2 0.52394 1.48394 1.58233 1.59217 1.68237
0.4 0.84111 1.68111 1.75922 1.76703 1.83451
0.6 1.19338 1.83338 1.88671 1.89205 1.93179
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Como tenemos ya los valores de 𝒙𝟒 y de 𝒚𝟒 , procedemos a realizar la última iteración y
obtener los valores de 𝐾1 , 𝐾2 , 𝐾3 𝑦𝐾4.
𝑲𝟏 = 𝑓(0.8, 1.5708)
𝑲𝟒 = 𝑓(1, 1.96203)
X Y 𝑲𝟏 𝑲𝟐 𝑲𝟑 𝑲𝟒
0 0.25 1.25 1.365 1.3765 1.4853
0.2 0.52394 1.48394 1.58233 1.59217 1.68237
0.4 0.84111 1.68111 1.75922 1.76703 1.83451
0.6 1.19338 1.83338 1.88671 1.89205 1.93179
0.8 1.5708 1.9308 1.95388 1.95618 1.96203
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