Statistics Fall 2005 Homework#07 Key

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1- Test H0: μ = 70 versus H1: μ < 70. To do this, a random sample of size n = 20 gives x = 66.9
and is obtained from a population that is known to be normally distributed with σ = 11. Please give the 3 steps, as we
discussed in the lecture.

Claim: H1: μ < 70

Step1:
H0: μ = 70
H1: μ < 70 (claim) left-tailed test  = 0.05 CV=-1.645
Step2:
x 66.9  70
z= =  1.26
 n 11 20
Step3:
Decision: Fail to reject H0
Conclusion: There is no evidence to believe H0 is wrong. We can’t support the claim.

2- In 1990, the mean pH level of the rain in Pierce County, Washington, was 5.03. A biologist claims that the acidity of
rain has increased. (This would mean that the pH level of the rain has decreased.) From a random sample of 20 rain dates
in 2000, she obtains the following data:

5.08 4.66 4.70 4.87 4.78 5.00 4.50 4.73 4.73 4.65
4.91 5.07 5.03 4.78 4.17 4.60 4.73 5.05 4.70 4.71

Sample mean: x = 4.77

Test the hypothesis, assuming that σ = 0.2 and population is normal. Use α = 0.10 level of significance.

Claim: H1: μ < 5.03

Step1:
H0: μ ≥ 5.03
H1: μ < 5.03 (claim) left-tailed test CV=-1.28
Step2:
x 4.77  5.03
z= =  5.81
 n 0.2 20
Step3:
Decision: Reject H0
Conclusion: There is enough evidence to support the claim.

3- In September of 2005, an executive of a major oil company claimed that the mean price of regular unleaded gasoline in
Ghamsar County, Kashan, was exactly $3.00. A member of the county board feels that the mean price is less than $3.00.
He randomly sampled 24 gas stations and obtained the following data:
3.08 2.85 3.02 3.01 2.75 2.79 3.00 2.91 3.08 2.85
2.79 3.24 3.09 3.09 2.81 2.96 3.25 2.93 2.79 3.24
3.10 3.09 3.05 3.12 2.93 3.00 2.73 2.86 3.10 3.09

(a) Because the sample size is small, he must verify that the price of gasoline is normally distributed and the sample
does not contain any outliers. Are the conditions for testing the hypothesis satisfied?

Yes, the conditions for testing the hypothesis are satisfied. See graph below.

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 Normal Probability Plot for C1
ML Estimates - 95% CI

99 ML Estimates
Mean 2.98667
95
StDev 0.146386
90

80
Goodness of Fit
70 AD* 0.92
Percent

60
50
40
30
20

10
5

2.55 2.65 2.75 2.85 2.95 3.05 3.15 3.25 3.35 3.45
Data

(b) Test the hypothesis at the α = 0.05 level of significance.

Claim: H1: μ <3.00
Step1:
H0: μ =3.00
H1: μ <3.00 (claim) left-tailed test CV=-1.699
Step2:
x 2.99  3.00
t = =  0.37
s n 0.15 30
Step3:
Decision: Fail to reject H0
Conclusion: There is no evidence to believe H0 is wrong. We can’t support the claim.

4- In order to test μ = 105 versus H1: μ ≠ 105, a simple random sample of size n = 35 is obtained.
(a) Does the population need to be normally distributed in order to test this hypothesis by using the methods
presented in this section?
No, because the sample size is greater than 30.

(b) If the sample mean is 102 and s = 5.9, compute the test statistic.
Claim: H1: μ ≠105
Step1:
H0: μ =105
H1: μ ≠105 (claim) Two-tailed test  = 0.05 CV=  2.032
Step2:
x 102  105
t = =  3.01
s n 5.9 35
Step3:
Decision: Reject H0
Conclusion: There is enough evidence to support the claim.
(c) If the researcher decides to test this hypothesis at α = 0.01 level of significance, will the researcher reject the null
hypothesis? Why? CV=  2.728
Yes, the test statistic “t” falls within the shaded region.

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5- The United States Golf Association requires that golf balls have a mean diameter that is 1.68 inches. An engineer for the
USGA wishes to discover whether Maxfli XS golf balls have a mean diameter different from 1.67 inches. A random
sample of Maxfli XS golf balls was selected; their diameters are shown in the table below. Assume the population is
normally distributed.
1.684 1.677 1.682 1.675 1.678 1.676
1.673 1.685 1.682 1.674 1.684 1.685
Sample mean: x = 1.68 Sample Standard deviation: s=0.0045
Test the claim that the golf balls have a mean diameter that is different from 1.67 inches at the α = 0.05 level of
significance.
Claim: H1: μ ≠1.67
Step1:
H0: μ =1.67
H1: μ ≠1.67 (claim) Two-tailed test  = 0.05 CV=  2.201
Step2:
x 1.68  1.67
t = =  7.70
s n 0.0045 12
Step3:
Decision: Reject H0
Conclusion: There is enough evidence to support the claim.

6- In a survey conducted by the Gallup Organization in October of 2000, 340 of 600 teenagers between the ages of 13 and
17 years said that they favor life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for convicted murderers instead of the
death penalty. Suppose that it is known that 55% of adults prefer life imprisonment. Is there significant evidence to
support the claim that a higher proportion of teenagers support life imprisonment at the α = 0.1 level of significance?
Claim: H1: P>0.55
Step1:
H0: P ≤0.55
H1: P >0.55 (claim) Right-tailed test CV=1.28
Step2:
pˆ  P 0.57  0.55
z= =  0.98
pq 0.55  0.45
n 600
Step3:
Decision: Fail to reject H0
Conclusion: There is no evidence to believe H0 is wrong. We can’t support the claim.

7- In 1989, 35% of Americans felt that one parent should stay home to raise the children. In a poll conducted by the Gallup
Organization in 2001, 800 of 2020 American adults 18 years of age or older believed that one parent should stay home to
raise the children. Is there significant evidence to conclude that the percentage of Americans who believe that one parent
should sty home to raise the children has increase at α = 0.03 level of significance?
Claim: H1: P>0.35
Step1:
H0: P ≤0.35
H1: P>0.35 (claim) Right-tailed test CV=1.88
Step2:
pˆ  P 0.396  0.35
z= =  4.33
pq 0.35  0.65
n 2020
Step3:
Decision: Reject H0
Conclusion: There is enough evidence to support the claim.

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8- According to the US Department of Education’s Office of Educational Technology, 87% of teachers used the Internet to
teach in 2000. An educator claims that that percentage has increased from its 200 level. She randomly samples 400
teachers and discovers that 360 of them have used the Internet in their teaching. Is there significant evidence to support the
claim that the percentage of teachers using the Internet in their teaching has increased, at α = 0.01 level of significance?
Claim: H1: P>0.87
Step1:
H0: P ≤0.85
H1: P>0.87 (claim) Right-tailed test CV=2.33
Step2:
pˆ  P 0.90  0.87
z= =  1.78
pq 0.87  0.13
n 400
Step3:
Decision: Fail to reject H0
Conclusion: There is no evidence to believe H0 is wrong. We can’t support the claim.

9- A researcher at Neilsen Media Research wanted to determine the impact that the Internet had on household’s watching of
television. In a study conducted in May, 1999, it was determined that 57.8% of all television households had the television
on during “prime time”. In a random sample of 1025 television and Internet household, 575 had the television on during
“prime time”. Is there evidence to support the claim that a lower proportion of television and Internet households have the
television on during prime time than do television households, at the α = 0.02 level of significance?
Claim: H1: P<0.578
Step1:
H0: P ≥0.578
H1: P<0.578 (claim) left-tailed test CV=-2.06
Step2:
pˆ  P 0.561  0.578
z= =  1.10
pq 0.578  0.422
n 1025
Step3:
Decision: Fail to reject H0
Conclusion: There is no evidence to believe H0 is wrong. We can’t support the claim.

10- In order to test H0: σ = 50 versus H1: σ < 50, a simple random sample of size n = 31 is obtained from a population that
is known to be normally distributed. If the sample standard deviation is determined to be s = 47.2, carry out the 3 steps at
the α = 0.05 level of significance.
Claim: H1: σ < 50
Step1:
H0: σ = 50
H1: σ < 50 (claim) left-tailed test CV=18.493
Step2:
(n  1)  s 2 (31  1)  (47.2) 2
x2 = =  26.73
2 (50) 2
Step3:
Decision: Fail to reject H0
Conclusion: There is no evidence to believe H0 is wrong. We can’t support the claim.

11- In problem 2, in above we tested a hypothesis regarding the mean amount of acidity in rain in Pierce County,
Washington. To test the hypothesis, we verified that the data are normally distributed and assumed that σ = 0.2. Test this
assumption at the α = 0.05 level of significance.
Claim: H0: σ = 0.2
Step1:

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 H0: σ = 0.2 (claim) two-tailed test CV=32.852, 8.907
H1: σ ≠ 0.2
Step2:
(n  1)  s 2 (20  1)  (0.22) 2
x2 = =  22.99
2 (0.2) 2
Step3:
Decision: Fail to reject H0
Conclusion: There is no evidence to believe H0 is wrong. We can’t reject the claim.

12- Use the following data set and test σ �6 at the α = 0.05 level of significance.
38 24 31 24 31 29 28 24 35 34
25 20 46 29 31 29 29 21 33 37
s = 6.26
Claim: H1: σ ≠ 6
Step1:
H0: σ = 6
H1: σ ≠ 6 (claim) two-tailed test CV=32.852, 8.907
Step2:
( n  1)  s 2 (20  1)  (6.26) 2
x2 = =  20.68
2 (6) 2
Step3:
Decision: Fail to reject H0
Conclusion: There is no evidence to believe H0 is wrong. We can’t support the claim.

13-The average total blood protein in a healthy adult is 7.25 grams per deciliter. A series of 10 blood tests was run on a
particular patient over several days yielding the following average total blood protein counts:
7.24 7.26 7.27 7.28 7.29
7.24 7.29 7.24 7.22 7.22

Are these results typical of a healthy adult?

Claim: H0: μ = 7.25
Step1:
H0: μ =7.25 (claim) Two-tailed test  = 0.05 CV=  2.262
H1: μ ≠7.25
Step2:
x 7.26  7.25
t = =  1.17
s n 0.027 10
Step3:
Decision: Fail to reject H0
Conclusion: There is no evidence to believe H0 is wrong. We can’t reject the claim.

14-In a medical study, the temperatures of 20 women were measured, generating the following results:
97.8 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8 97.9 98.0 98.0 98.0 98.1

98.2 98.3 98.3 98.4 98.4 98.4 98.5 98.6 98.6 98.7

a. Does this data appear to be normally distributed?

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 Yes.
Normal Probability Plot for C2
ML Estimates - 95% CI

99 ML Estimates
Mean 98.11
95
StDev 0.398623
90

80
Goodness of Fit
70 AD* 0.826
Percent

60
50
40
30
20

10
5

97 98 99
Data

b. Does this sample support the hypothesis that the mean temperature is 98.6?
Claim: H0: μ = 98.6
Step1:
H0: μ = 98.6 (claim) Two-tailed test  = 0.05 CV=  2.093
H1: μ ≠ 98.6
Step2:
x 98.11  98.6
t = =  5.49
s n 0.399 20
Step3:
Decision: Reject H0
Conclusion: We reject the claim.

15. Are the following hypotheses correctly stated?

H 0 :  = 25
a. Yes.
H 1 :   25

H 0 :   10
b. No, they are in reverse order.
H 1 :  = 10

H 0 : x = 50
c. No, only population parameters.
H 1 : x  50

16. Given that X = 88,  2 = 25, n = 10,  = 0.05 test   80 , assuming observations are randomly sampled from
a normal distribution. Also, draw the standard normal distribution indicating where Z is located.
Claim: H1: μ > 80
Step1:
H0: μ ≤ 80
H1: μ > 80 (claim) right-tailed test  = 0.05 CV=1.645
Step2:

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 x 88  80
z= =  5.06
 2
n 25 10
Step3:
Decision: Reject H0
Conclusion: There is enough evidence to support the claim.

17. Repeat 16, but test  �80 . Also, compute a 95% confidence interval and verify that this interval is consistent with
your decision about whether to reject the null hypothesis.
Claim: H1: μ ≠ 80
Step1:
H0: μ = 80
H1: μ ≠ 80 (claim) Two-tailed test  = 0.05 CV=  1.96
Step2:
x 88  80
z= =  5.06
 n2
25 10
Step3:
Decision: Reject H0
Conclusion: There is enough evidence to support the claim.
.

 5
E = z / 2 = 1.96   3.10 ,  = 88  3.10
n 10
84.9    91.1
80 is not within the range above, therefore you can reject it, which agree with the test in above.

18. A melting point test of 10 samples of a binder used in manufacturing a rocket propellant resulted in a sample mean of
154.2  F. Assume that melting point is normally distributed with a standard deviation of 1.5 F. Is there evidence
that the melting point is not 155 F?
Claim: H1: μ ≠ 155

Step1:
H0: μ = 155
H1: μ ≠ 155 (claim) Two-tailed test  = 0.05 CV=  1.96
Step2:
x 154.2  155
z= =  1.69
 n 1.5 10
Step3:
Decision: Fail to reject H0
Conclusion: There is no evidence to believe H0 is wrong. We can’t support the claim.

19. National data show that on the average, college freshmen spend 7.5 hours a week going to parties. One administrator
does not believe that these figures apply at her college, which has nearly 3,000 freshmen. She takes a simple random
sample of 100 freshmen and interviews them. On average, they spend 6.6 hours a week going to parties, and the
sample standard deviation of the sample is 9 hours. Is the difference real? Answer using a hypothesis test.
Claim: H1: μ ≠ 7.5
Step1:
H0: μ = 7.5
H1: μ ≠ 7.5 (claim) Two-tailed test  = 0.05 CV=  1.984
Step2:

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 x 6.6  7.5
t = =  1
s n 9 100
Step3:
Decision: Fail to reject H0
Conclusion: There is no evidence to believe H0 is wrong. We can’t support the claim.

20. In the 1980s, many companies experimented with “flex-time,” allowing employees to choose their schedules within
broad limits set by management. Among other things, flex-time was supposed to reduce absenteeism. Suppose one
firm knows that in the past few years, employees have averaged 6.3 days off from work (apart from vacations). This
year, the firm introduces flex-time. Management chooses a simple random sample of 100 employees to follow in
detail, and at the end of the year, these employees average 5.5 days off from work, and the standard deviation of the
sample is 2.9 days. Does this mean the flex-time reduced absenteeism? Or is this a chance variation? Answer using a
hypothesis test.
Claim: H1: μ <6.3
Step1:
H0: μ ≥ 6.3
H1: μ < 6.3 (claim) left-tailed test  = 0.05 CV=-1.66
Step2:
x 5.5  6.3
t = =  2.76
s n 2.9 100
Step3:
Decision: Reject H0
Conclusion: There is enough evidence to support the claim.