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FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

ECM346 – BUILDING SERVICES

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
ASSIGNMENT FOR WEEK WITHOUT WALL (WEEK 14)
AC & DC MOTOR

PREPARED FOR:
MADAM SITI RAHIMAH BINTI ROSSELI

PREPARED BY:
KHAIRUNNISA BINTI MOHAMMAD ZAKIRI
PEC1106K1
(2015820156)

SUBMISSION DATE:
𝟏𝟖𝒕𝒉 JUNE 2018
1. 3 Differences between AC & DC motor

AC Motor DC Motor
(Alternating Current Motor) (Direct Current Motor)
 AC introduction motors do not use  DC wound field motors are
brushes, they are very rugged and constructed with brushes and a
have long life expectancies. commutator which add to the
maintenance, limit the speed and
usually reduce the life expectancy of
brushed DC motors.
 Speed Control  Speed Control
Controlled by varying the frequency, Controlled by varying the armature
which is commonly done with and windings current.
adjustable frequency drive control.
 AC motors work best in applications  DC motor are usually seen in
where power performance is sought applications where the motor speed
for extended periods of time. needs to be externally controlled.

2. 2 Types of AC motor

i. Induction Motors (Asynchronous Motors)


An AC electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor needed to produce
torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the
stator winding. An induction motor can therefore be made without electrical
connections to the rotor. An induction motors rotor can be either wound type or
squirrel-cage type.

ii. Synchronous Motors


An AC motor in which at steady state the rotation of the shaft is synchronized with
the frequency of the supply current. The rotation period is exactly equal to an
integral number of AC cycles. Synchronous motors contain multiphase AC
electromagnets on the stator of the motor that create a magnetic field which rotates
in time with the oscillations of the line current.
3. 2 Types of DC motor
i. Series DC Motors
In a series DC motor, the field is wound with a few turns of a large wire carrying the
full armature current. Typically, series DC motors create a large amount of starting
torque, but cannot regulate speed and can even be damaged by running with no
load. These limitations mean that they are not a good option for variable speed drive
applications.
ii. Shunt DC Motors
In shunt DC motors the field is connected in parallel (shunt) with the armature
windings. These motors offer great speed regulation due to the fact that the shunt
field can be excited separately from the armature windings, which also offers
simplified reversing controls.

4. Working principles of AC and DC motors


i. Working principles of AC Motors
The AC motor have two main types of AC motors which are induction motors and
synchronous motors. The induction motor (or asynchronous motor) always relies on a
small difference in speed between the stator rotating magnetic field and the rotor
shaft speed called slip to induce rotor current in the rotor AC winding. As a result, the
induction motor cannot produce torque near synchronous speed where induction (or
slip) is irrelevant or ceases to exist. In contrast, the synchronous motor does not rely
on slip-induction for operation and uses either permanent magnets, salient poles
(having projecting magnetic poles) or an independently excited rotor winding. The
synchronous motor produces its rated torque at exactly synchronous speed.
ii. Working principles of DC Motors
The DC motor is the device which converts the direct current into the mechanical
work. It works on the principle of Lorentz Law, which states that “the current carrying
conductor placed in a magnetic and electric field experience a force”. And that force
is called the Lorentz force. The Fleming left-hand rule gives the direction of the force.

Fleming Left Hand Rule


If the thumb, middle finger and the index finger of the left hand are displaced from
each other by an angle of 90°, the middle finger represents the direction of the
magnetic field. The index finger represents the direction of the current, and the thumb
shows the direction of forces acting on the conductor.
5. 2 Advantages and Disadvantages of AC and DC motor.
AC Motor
Advantages Disadvantages
 Speed variation  Inability to operate at low speeds
The frequency of the AC line Standard AC motors should not be
voltage. Variable speed drives operated at speeds less than about
(Adjustable speed drives) change 1/3 of base speed. This is due to
this frequency to change the speed thermal considerations. In fact a DC
of the motor. motor should be considered for
these applications.
 High power factor  Poor positioning control
A load with a low power factor Positioning control is expensive and
draws more current than a load crude with AC motors too. Even a
with high power factor for the same vector drive is very crude when
amount of useful power transferred. controlling the standard AC motor.

DC Motor
Advantages Disadvantages
 Provide excellent speed control  High maintenance
Power supply of a DC motor Care required to maintain the
connects directly to the field of the mechanical interface used to get
motor allows for precise voltage current to the rotating field.
control, which is necessary with
speed and torque control
applications.
 Simple and cheap drive design  Not suitable in very clean
Adding an SCR (Silicon Controlled environment
Rectifiers) allow simple voltage Vulnerable to dust which decreases
variability simply by turning the performance.
knob and thereby the speed of the
motor.

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