FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY

Dr. Nicanor Reyes Medical Foundation

A project submitted

In partial fulfilment

of the requirements in

RELATED LEARNING EXPERIENCE II

COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS

II – G

SY 2008 – 2009
 CONTENTS

I. Introduction
II. Objective of the Case Study
III. Background of the Study
a. Community Spot Map
b. History of the Barangay
c. Barangay Profile
IV. Significance of the Study
a. Student Nurse
b. Family
c. Community
d. Barangay Health Worker
e. Clinical Instructor
V. Scope and Limitation of the Study
VI. Methodology
a. Actual Data Gathering
b. Data Collation
c. Data Presentation
d. Data Analysis ( tabular/graphical)
VII. Family Health Problem and Nursing Problem (with Problem Tree)
VIII. Analysis of Problems identified using the Problem Tree
IX. List of Family Problems according to Priority
X. Family Nursing Care Plan
XI. Learning Insights
XII. Recommendation
XIII. Appendices
INTRODUCTION

Health is a right of every human being. Healthy people are prerequisite to

national development. The DOH uses the life span approach to design programs and
assist in the delivery of health services to specific age groups. It views health care
of individuals within the context of the family. (Public Health Nursing in the
Philippines, pp. 118)

"Families serve as the basic social unit of society." (Stanhope & Lancaster,
2004, p. 563). All members of the family are empowered to maintain their health
status. They must be free from disease or infirmity with no disabilities. In public
health perspective, the health of the family is considered as a whole and not
individually. This paper will focus in the family as an independent unit and as a
building block of a community tasked to practice health principles for the benefit of
its operation in the society.

The study focused on the most common health problems of the family (in this
case, prioritized family) in which the student nurses became cognizant with the
health needs of family members that enabled them to render the health services
that will develop a quality health for the family.

Goal:
 • To maintain and sustain a good health status and the health needs of the
family with the participation and cooperation of the community as a whole.

Objectives:

• To impart knowledge about the community’s common health problems as a

way to help the prioritized family in managing their family health via
preventive and promotive measures.
• To gain the participation and interest of the prioritized family together with
the community in health care that will serve as the foundation towards a
healthy lifestyle.
• To minimize if not totally eradicate the health problems of the prioritized
family by rendering corresponding solutions.
• To collect and record data that will serve as future reference for succeeding
student nurses who will undertake this kind of endeavor.

Community Spot Map

History of the Barangay
 BARANGAY MATANDANG BALARA

The Origin of Barrio Balara

Over a hundred years ago, there was a small but peaceful village where
several wild trees and thick cogon grass abound. There were only a handful of
natives in this forest-like village who had been leading a happy life tending their
farms.
In one stretch of big trees covered land there were three little houses and
solitary chapel at a distance. In front of the chapel was a big shady tree.
One day, a troop of Spanish soldiers looking tired and weary, apparently after
several miles of hiking, dashed into village and right there and then decided to put
up a temporary camp under the big shady tree in front of the chapel. After taking
several minutes of siesta in their newly natives what the name of the trees was.
While he was pointing to the tree, two tiny rats sneaked into one of the holes in the
trunk of the tree. The poor native, who evidently did not understand the soldier’s
query, perplexingly answered, “Nabara! Nabara!” which means “the rats could not
get inside the hole”. The astonished soldier thought “Nabara” could only mean the
name of the place.
Thereafter, upon return of the troop to their headquarters, the Spanish
soldier relying merely on his vague memory, reported to his superior the name of
the place where they had been which referred to later as “Balara”.
As the years go by however, in order to preserve the original name of the
village which was popularly known as Balara, the later generation referred to the
place as Old Balara, indicating that there is a “New Balara” where at present,
NAWASA Filtration Plant is located.

Source: Souvenir Program(May 8-9,1989)

“Old Balara Barrio Fiesta in Honor
Of Nuestra Senora Dela Paz y Buenviaje
Quezon City Public Library, Q.C

Barangay Profile
 Barangay Council

Of

Barangay Matandang Balara

(2007-present)

Barangay Chairman:

BEDA T. TORRECAMPO

Barangay Kagawads:

BENJAMIN E. REYES

Chairman, Committee on Appropriations, Ways & Means

Chairman, Committee on Education, Socio Cultural & Religious Affairs

ELMA P. ABUDA

Chairman, Committee on Livelihood, Trade & Commerce

Chairman, Committee on Public Works & Infrastructure

SALVACION “SALLY” C. DE JESUS

Chairman, Committee on Urban Poor Affairs and Peoples Participation

Chairman, Committee on Women & Families

SABINO “BHONG” C. PAMPLONA JR.

Chairman, Committee on Senior Citizens Affairs

NIDA V. SISTONA

Chairman, Committee on Health, Sanitation and Environment

RENATO “IMA” A. GRANADA

Chairman, Committee on Public Order and Safety

Chairman, Committee on Ethics and Blue Ribbon

ALLAN P. FRANZA

Chairman, Committee on Transportation and Communication

Sangguniang Kabataan Chairperson:

KEVIN C. AQUINO

Chairman, Committee on Youth and Sports Development

Barangay Treasurer:

FE S. TOLENTINO

Barangay Secretary:

THERESA T. TAPADO-SISTONA

Barangay Health Worker

1. Belen Manggahoc
2. Leonila Irabon
3. Concorcia Aldave
4. Remigla Lingatong
5. Victoria Litusquen
6. Salvacion Cullera
DEMOGRAPHIC DATA:
Total Population: 70,112 as of 2007 census
No. of Households: 15,807
No. of Registered Voters: 29,620 as of May 2004 election
Total Precincts: 152
Polling Place:
 Old Balara Elementary School
 Old Balara Elementary School Annex
 Balara Academy
 North Susana Clubhouse, North Susana Executive Village
 Ayala Heights Clubhouse, Ayala Heights Village

INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES:
Barangay Hall
 Barangay Matandang Balara Hall
Commonwealth Ave. corner Damayan St., Old Balara, Quezon City
Health Center
 Old Balara Health Center
Tandang Sora Ave., Old Balara, Quezon City
Private Hospital
 Gen. Miguel Malvar Hospital
531 Commonwealth Ave., Old Balara, Quezon City
Basketball Court/ Volleyball/ Tennis/ Others
 Talipapa Basketball Covered Court
Tandang Sora Ave. corner Capitol Hills Drive
Police Stations
 Barangay Police Community Precinct
Beside Barangay Hall
Churches

• Iglesia ni Cristo
Area 4 Luzon Avenue, Old Balara, QC
• Bethel Youth Fellowship
5 Doña Pilar St., Villa Beatriz Subdivision, Old Balara, QC

• Sons of Charity
Laura St., Old Balara, QC

• Our Beloved Christ Christian Church (OBCC)

Lakas St., Old Balara, QC

• Church of the Foursquare Gospel in the Philippines

(Maranatha Foursquare Gospel Church)
Purok 3 Area 5 Laura St., Old Balara, QC

• Luzon Avenue Foursquare Church

103 Area 1 Luzon Avenue, Old Balara, QC

• Balara Tabernacle Baptist Church

Area 1-B Old Balara, QC

• City Lighthouse Christian Ministries

307 Crissant Bldg., Old Balara, QC

• Luzon Living Faith Church

58 Samar St., Luzon Avenue, Old Balara, QC

• Shiloh Fundamental Baptist Bible Church

104 Capitol Hills, Old Balara, QC

• Christ to the Philippines (Balara Chapter)

22 Road 2 Sapang Kangkong, Old Balara, QC

• Fullness of Christ International Ministries

7 South Zuzuaregui St., Old Balara, QC
 • Apostolada De Maria Twin Heart of Jesus & Mary Religious Group
254 DMMA, San Rafael St., Old Balara, QC

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Public
 Old Balara Elementary School
Tandang Sora Ave., Old Balara Quezon City
 Old Balara Elementary School Annex
Laura St., Old Balara Quezon City

SOCIO-POLITICAL PROFILE

GENERAL INFORMATION:

Name: Barangay Matandang Balara

Area: 15
District: III
Manner of Creation: Quezon City Ordinance
Date created: May 10, 1962
Barangay Fiesta: every second Tuesday of May
Patron Saint: Nuestra Senora Dela Paz y Buenviaje
Other Fiestas:

Patron Saint Place Day

Our Lady of Holy Samadores HOA, Luzon 7th day of October
Rosary Ave.
Immaculate Visayan Hills Feria 8th day of
Concepcion Community December
Senor Sto. Nino South Zuzuaregui St. 14th- 15th day of
January
Nuestra Senora Pook Dela Paz St. Last Sunday of
Dale Paz May
Our Lady Of Fatima Dupex St. 13th day of May
San Jose Liwanag St. 1st day of May
Manggagawa

GEOGRAPHIC DATA:

Land Area: 521.6842 hectares

Boundaries:
North - Republic Avenue and its eastward prolongation to Marikina River
( The north boundary was amended by BP 343 ANS 546
creating Batasan Hills and Holy Spirit respectively)
East - Marikina River (boundary of Quezon City)
South - Quisenda creek and southwest boundary line of Piedad Estate
West - Commonwealth Avenue and Luzon Avenue
Terrain: The Barangay’s topography is largely alternating ridges and lowlands.
It has a low grade terrain and scattered steep slopes.
Climate: Distinct dry seasons from December to April and wet seasons from May
to November. Average temperature is lowest at 25C in January and
highest at 29 C in May.
Significance of the Study

Student Nurse

Superficially, this is one of the requirements that should be done for student nurses to
pass the Related Learning Experience II subject; thus, they ought to take this earnestly. In a
deep sense, the rationale of having this study is to prepare and train student nurses for the third
and fourth level of the nursing course to make them clever as possible. Knowledge is nothing if
we can not apply it to our daily living. This study gave student nurses an opportunity to
demonstrate and explain everything that they have learned. This became their stepping stone
into becoming proficient nurses.

As novices, this exposition gave student nurses a hint to what they should expect in the
future. Basically, they ought to start small, from the individual to the family, and to the whole
community – for the knowledge that will be inculcated to them is comprehensive. Furthermore,
this gave them experience, which is so called the best teacher one could ever have. It also
taught them how to establish rapport with the families in the community. That is one of the must-
haves of a nurse, for the clients to feel secured and comfortable with them and so the data
gathered by the nurse will be accurate and given wholeheartedly by the client. To wrap up
everything, this endeavour helped them to acquire as well as to contribute the attitude as a
foundation for becoming adaptable health care providers. It taught them the skills, another must-
have of a nurse, and the knowledge that only experiences can illustrate.

Family

The study aims to help the family to put it into action together with the
students against the health problems and possible threats that might interfere
towards the betterment of living. Here, there is a (student) nurse-family relationship
wherein there is cooperation that tries to attain a goal, and that is to improve
individual health among members of the family. Once improvement of health is
acquired from a previous unpleasant way of life, the family will then be capable of
preventing health problems and threats from being aware of the factors present
that suppress healthy living. This “being aware of the factors” with the help of
students permits each member of the family to instill in the mind the health
problems and the cause of illnesses and even come up with solutions to overcome
the said problems. The family at this point is now on the threshold of independency.

This study also gives us the awareness about the health status of the
community wherein the family is a part of it. It also would like to seek the
recognition and showing of interest of each family member. The knowledge that
motivates the minds of each family to be conscious enables then to be equipped
against health problems and threats which in turn improve the life of the
community as a whole. But for this to happen, the family must be willing to make a
step towards wellness despite of the many factors preventing it.

Community

This study could also be a significant undertaking in promoting good and healthy living in
the community by looking at the family as model for health care. The study can also be
beneficial to the local officials in strategic supervision, communal strategies when they employ
effective learning in their community setting particularly in different concepts related to the use
of effective human and environmental resources management. By understanding the needs of
each family in the community and benefits of attaining the said needs, these local officials and
residents can be assured of a competitive advantage. Moreover, this research will provide
recommendations on how to avoid unwanted ailments.

Service is elaborated and can be expounded in many ways. It helps the community
members to understand more the problem they are encountering because they are given proper
guidelines so they can surely do the right actions for the problems they are facing. The study will
help the community to use its own resources when the specific problem happens again; the
community members will no longer panic when the problem reoccurs because they are given
enough knowledge to find solution that corresponds to the problem. Because of the knowledge
taught to them, they will be more aware of the things they should avoid so that problems and
threats will less likely occur and will be able to act right on a particular problem that they are
going to face knowing the importance of “prevention is better than cure” principle. This will help
them to act as one in order for them to be active in the community’s participation and unity will
lead them to a healthy lifestyle and better living.

Barangay Health Worker

The significance of the study to the Barangay Health Workers is that the information that
they can get will give them additional knowledge about the common health problems that others
of their kind usually encounter in a family. This study will help them to have additional ideas on
how to recognize the member of the family if he/she is already affected with the said problem
and to identify who is prone to the community’s health problem or condition. It will support in
identifying the causes why the said problem is commonly affecting the community. It will also
serve as their further reference on how to treat the health problem existing in a simpler, less
expensive and more effective way and how to deal with the people involved. It encourages them
to participate in maintaining a vigorous health status of the family. It will also act as their basis
on how to help the members of the family to achieve a better health and lifestyle than before.

Clinical Instructor
Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study is confined between the boundaries of Sta. Elena, Old Balara. In the
assessment process, information was gathered, problems were analyzed and interventions
were taken. The respondents were the residents of the said Barangay having a total
population of _________ wherein out them, a prioritized family yielded. The
instrument used in this study is interview method in which questions were asked to
the clients / families regarding their family features with the aid of assessment
tools. The data provides very useful information that helped the student nurses in analyzing
the problems and in formulating interventions that are necessary to the development of the
family.
The capability to maintain wellness, prevention and suggested treatment or cure to
prioritized illnesses of the family, are included in the study.

METHODOLOGY:

It should be noted that the word "methodology" is frequently used when "method"
would be more accurate. Methodology refers to more than a simple set of methods;
rather it refers to the rationale and the philosophical assumptions that underlie a
particular study relative to the scientific method.

Methodology includes the following concepts as they relate to a particular discipline

or field of inquiry:

1. a collection of theories, concepts or ideas;

2. comparative study of different approaches; and

3. critique of the individual methods

Nursing students had used it in gathering data and collecting them. They had
interviewed 88 families from Barangay Old Balara and noted their responses. They
asked them about their health status and conditions and gather information about
the families. The accumulated data were considered important in relation to their
health status. In relation to their health status, they also asked the families about
their immunization, if they have enough exercise and rest, and questions about
their environment.
They gathered these data, and tallied them and put them into tables. They studied
them toughly and made graphs of all the data they had collected to help them
understand the said data. They analyzed and eventually interpreted them. They
also put the significance/implication of each tabular/graphical presentation to give
an insight on how a particular aspect/factor affects the health status of families.

The conclusion from the data reflected the health status and the needs of the
community. Information also showed relationships and facts significant or insignificant in
determining the community diagnosis.

The following statistical tools and techniques were applied to analyze/interpret the data:

1. Frequency Distribution- the data gathered through the questionnaire were summarized, tallied
and tabulated to indicate the number of responses to a specific question or item in the
questionnaires.

Percentage- used to identify the fraction of the sample that have the same practices.

Formula:

P (%) = n/N x 100

where: P= percentage

n= number of responses falling under a particular category

N= total number of respondents

The data presentation is tabular and graphical.

2. Sex ratio – used to determine the predominant gender in the community. This will be the
number of males for every 100 females.

Formula: number of males X 100

number of females

3. Dependency ratio – used to compare the number of economically dependent with the
economically productive group in the population. This represented the number of economically
dependent for every 100 economically productive.
 Formula:

[ no. of people under 15 years old ] + [ no. of people 65 years old and older ]
X 100
[ no. of people from 15 to 64 years old ]

4. Crowding index – described the ease by which a communicable disease will be transmitted
from one host to another susceptible host.

Formula: no. of persons in a household

no. of rooms used in the same household

5. Population Density – determined how congested a place and has implications in terms of the
adequacy of basic health sevices present in the community.

Formula: Total land area of the Community__

Total Population of the Community

1. Problem Prioritization
Formula: Score X weight = Actual Score

Highest possible score

DEFINITION OF TERMS:

Immunization- is the process by which an individual's immune system becomes

fortified against an agent (known as the immunogen).

Nuclear - is used to distinguish a family group consisting of most commonly, a

father and mother and their children,

Extended - (or joint family) is a term with several distinct meanings. First, it is used
synonymously with consanguineous family. Second, in societies dominated by the
conjugal family, it is used to refer to kindred who does not belong to the conjugal
family.

Cohabiting- families that want to test their compatibility before they commit to a
legal union

Decision making - is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface

water from a given area

Pollution- is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes

instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or
living organisms .

Income- refers to consumption opportunity gained by an entity within a specified

time frame, which is generally expressed in monetary terms.

Human waste disposal - the collection, transport, processing, recycling or

disposal, and monitoring of waste materials

Garbage disposal - is a device, usually electrically-powered, installed under a

kitchen sink between the sink's drain and the trap which shreds food waste into
pieces small enough (generally less than 2mm)[1] to pass through plumbing

Congested- overfilled or overcrowded

Drainage- is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from
a given area
Organization - is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals, which
controls its own performance, and which has a boundary separating it from its
environment.

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

Table 1.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Individuals in terms

of Age and Sex Distribution

Age Male Female Total Percentage

80 and above 0 0 0 0

75-79 0 0 0 0

70-74 0 2 2 1

65-69 0 0 0 0

60-64 3 3 6 2

55-59 3 3 6 2

50-54 4 9 13 4

45-49 12 9 21 6

40-44 18 14 32 9

35-39 7 16 23 7

30-34 11 7 18 5

25-29 12 13 25 7

20-24 19 15 34 10

15-19 26 17 43 12

10-14 22 28 50 14

5-9 12 18 30 8

0-4 23 24 47 12

Total 172 178 350 100%

Figure 1.0 Population Pyramid of Individuals in Terms of Age and Sex Distribution

ANALYSIS:

SIGNIFICANCE:

Demography presents population data in a systematic manner. Its

importance could be gauge from the growing application of population figures in
several disciplines of study. Its significance to the individual and society hardly
requires any emphasis. With the health of population studies, we can know how far
economic development is keeping pace with the rate of growth in population which
helps in taking appropriate measures to overcome in balance between the two, if
any.
Table 2.0 Percentage Distribution of Individuals in terms of Civil Status

Category Male Female Total Percentage

Single 98 99 197 57

Married 67 72 139 40

Live-In 4 4 8 3

Total 169 175 344 100%

ANALYSIS:

SIGNIFICANCE:
Category Frequency Percentage

Extended 18 20%

Nuclear 65 74%

Cohabiting 5 6%

Total 88 100%

Table 3.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type
of Family Structure

Figure 3.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type of

Family Structure
ANALYSIS:

The type of family structure that is dominant in the community is nuclear

comprising of 51 families. The extended makes up 18 families while the least is the
cohabiting which is composed of only 5 families.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Most diseases are due to interactions of multiple genes and environmental

factors. Almost every patient has available today, a free, personalized tool that
captures many of these interactions and can serve as the cornerstone for
individualized disease prevention. Family history helps predict risk for such varied
health concerns as heart disease, colorectal cancer,breast cancer, ovarian cancer,
osteoporosis, atopy orasthma, type 2 diabetes, suicide, etc. Yet, many people are
unaware of relatives’ medical histories, and many health professionals underutilize
this information in advising patients on how to maintain good health.
Table 4.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type
of Family according to Authority

Category Frequency Percentage

Matriarchal 15 17%

Patriarchal 24 27%

Equalitarian 49 56%

Total 88 100%

Figure 4.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type of Family

according to Authority

ANALYSIS:

According to the data gathered, 42 of the families living in Santa Elena, Brgy.
Old Balara are equally sharing responsibility when it comes to decision-making. This
pattern is known as Equalitarian. On the other hand, Patriarchal, in which the father
of the family is the one who decides for his kin, is composed of 24 correspondents.
In Matriarchal, wherein the mother is the one who takes place in decision making,
makes up 15 families.

SIGNIFICANCE:
 Making decisions have a tendency to seek more information and may cause
several problems (1) Information overload will occur. In this state, so much
information is available that decision-making ability actually declines because the
information in its entirety can no longer be managed or assessed appropriately. A
major problem caused by information overload is forgetfulness. When too much
information is taken into memory, especially in a short period of time, some of the
information (often that received early on) will be pushed out. (2) Mental fatigue
occurs, which results in slower work or poor quality work. (3) Decision fatigue
occurs, where the decision maker tires of making decisions. Often the result is fast,
careless decisions or even decision paralysis--no decisions are made at all.
Table 5.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Lot
Ownership

Category Frequency Percentage

Yes 15 17%
Lot Owned
No 73 83%

Total 88 100%

Figure 5.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Lot Ownership

ANALYSIS:

Families that do not own the lot where they live were dominant. They
compose 83% of all the families while the families who owned their lot were
compose only of about 17% of the family population.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Housing is a basic human need, both physically and psychologically. A house

provides shelter from the elements and protection against health threats, such as
communicable diseases, chronic diseases and psychological and social stresses. But
it also is a source of identity — we identify with and become attached to our homes.
A house is important because it’s a place where a family or household establishes
itself in society. Beyond the level of the individual home, housing is also important
because housing units are set in relation to each other. This creates neighborhoods
and communities, which form the physical infrastructure of group life.
Table 6.0 Frequency and Percentage of Households in terms of House Ownership

Category Frequency Percentage

Yes 16 18%
Home Owned
No 72 82%

Total 88 100%

Figure 6.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of House Ownership

ANALYSIS:

Most of the home in the community is not owned by the families, and neither
is the lot. Only 16 families own their home while 70 don’t and only 15 families own
their lot while 71 don’t.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Everything in the environment will affect your children and this is how they
will grow up feeling about themselves. It is important for an individual to grow up in

Category Frequency Percentage

Wood 10 11%

Concrete 6 8%

Mixed 62 70%

Makeshift 10 11%

Total 88 100%

a stable home environment. Living in one benefits them spiritually, emotionally,

socially and mentally. It is the foundation of society. Most of us can recall what our
living surroundings were like. It had a large impact on the person we became

Table 7.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the

Type of Housing Materials

Figure 7.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type of

Housing Materials

ANALYSIS:

The most common type of housing materials in the community is mixed

which comprises of 56 families. Wood and makeshift tied in quantity of houses
composed of 10 families each. Concrete type of housing materials makes up 6
families.
SIGNIFICANCE:

The type of housing materials provided should be appropriate to the needs of

the people to be accommodated. The mix of dwelling type, size and tenure should
support sound social, environmental and economic sustainability policy objectives
for the area and promote the development of appropriately integrated play and
recreation spaces.

The scheme should be a safe and healthy place in which to live. We know too
that damp and mouldy housing has an adverse effect on health, and although this is
difficult to quantify it is clear that tackling such conditions will also help to create a
domestic environment contributory to health and well being. Studies of children
have found a strong link between poor housing and a range of ailments such as
respiratory problems, aches and pains, fever, headaches etc; and this is a particular
cause of concern. There are also strong links between homelessness (especially
rough sleeping) and poor health. Inadequate living conditions may, in addition,
contribute to low morale and poor mental health.
Category Frequency Percentage

Adequate 30 34%

Inadequate 58 66%

Total 88 100%

Table 8.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of

Adequacy of Living Space

Figure 8.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Adequacy of Living

Space

ANALYSIS:

The number of families that has an inadequate living space is 46 while

families having an adequate living space are 30 families.

SIGNIFICANCE:

A lack of adequate housing not only compromises development, but eventually also
constitutes a security threat from myriad social ills that arise from homelessness. In
the logic of this argument, homelessness or inadequate housing is therefore
retrogressive to the prospects for sustainable livelihoods.

A lack of access to adequate housing exposes one to the structural violence of

poverty, its severity and associated complexities of despair and deprivation --
relative or absolute -- which constitute a significant threat to human security.
 Without access to adequate shelter, the poor live in miserable conditions that
compromise their general health and make them more susceptible to diseases.
Conversely, the provision of adequate housing protects people from myriad
vulnerabilities. First, adequate housing protects people against floods and
associated stagnant water, in which breeds of mosquitoes and other insects, the
key factors in spreading infectious diseases. Overall, good health is instrumental to
human security because it enables the full range of human functioning, which could
collectively be referred to as human capital

Table 9.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Monthly

Family Income Source

Category Frequency Percentage

Husband 68 77%

Wife 14 16%

Others 6 7%

Total 88 100%

Figure 9.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Monthly Family

Income Source

ANALYSIS:

70 families consider the father as the primary source of monthly family

income. The wife, being the source of monthly family income, consists of 14 families
while 6 of the total families in the community depends on their relatives or
significant others.

SIGNIFICANCE:

The importance of family income in relation to some other socio-demographic

factors that might affect the nutritional status of children in the community was
investigated. The factors analyzed in addition to family income were: age of the
children; sex of the children; birth order; ownership of land by the family; father's
occupation; housing conditions; season; sources of drinking water; father's
education; mother's education; and participation of the children in food
supplementation programs. Seasonal factors, family income, mother's education,
and sex and birth order of the children appeared to be important determinants of
malnutrition. An interaction between family income and mother's education in
relation to child nutrition was quite apparent. A higher family income was of
relatively greater benefit to the children of literate mothers than to those of
illiterate mothers in improving the nutritional status. There was a threshold point
below which income appeared as the primary constraint on child nutrition. A
nutrition education program might prove helpful in improving the nutritional status
of children of wealthier families

Table 10.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Total

Monthly Income

Total Monthly Income Frequency Percentage

Below Php 5,000 35 40%

Php 5,100 – Php 10,000 46 51%

Php 10,100 – Php 15,000 4 5%

Php 15,100 – Php 20,000 3 3%

Total 88 100%
Figure 10.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Total
Monthly Income

ANALYSIS:

37 families have a total monthly family income of Php 5,100 – Php 10,000.
However, 35 families have an income below Php 5,000. Only 4 families have an
income that ranges from Php 10,100- Php 15,000 and fewer families earn a total of
Php 15,100- Php 20,000 monthly.

SIGNIFICANCE:

The importance of family income in relation to some other socio-demographic

factors that might affect the nutritional status of children in the community was
investigated. The factors analyzed in addition to family income were: age of the
children; sex of the children; birth order; ownership of land by the family; father's
occupation; housing conditions; season; sources of drinking water; father's
education; mother's education; and participation of the children in food
supplementation programs. Seasonal factors, family income, mother's education,
and sex and birth order of the children appeared to be important determinants of
malnutrition. An interaction between family income and mother's education in
relation to child nutrition was quite apparent. A higher family income was of
relatively greater benefit to the children of literate mothers than to those of
illiterate mothers in improving the nutritional status. There was a threshold point
below which income appeared as the primary constraint on child nutrition. A
nutrition education program might prove helpful in improving the nutritional status
of children of wealthier families.
Table 11.0 Frequency and Percentage of Households in terms of the Type of
Garbage Disposal

Type of Garbage
Frequency Percentage
Disposal

Collected 78 89%

Burning 8 9%

Feeding To Animals 2 2%

Total 88 100%

Figure 11.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type of

Garbage Disposal

ANALYSIS:
 The table above shows that the most common type of garbage disposal in the
community is collected. This applies to 76 families. The other type of drainage
disposal such as burning and feeding to animals make up 8 and 2 families.

SIGNIFICANCE:

A garbage disposal, food waste disposer, waste disposal unit, is a device,

usually electrically-powered, installed under a kitchen sink between the sink's drain
and the trap which shreds food waste into pieces small enough (generally less than
2mm) to pass through plumbing.
Some say that sewage treatment plants cannot cope with the extra load of kitchen
waste disposal units. The load of organic carbon that reaches the treatment plant
increases and consumption of oxygen increases. The result is larger amounts of
solids. However, if the waste water treatment is finely controlled, the organic
carbon in food may help to keep the bacterial decomposition running. Carbon may
be deficient in that process. If no waste water treatment is performed the extra load
of pollutants is detrimental to the environment. Also, other chemicals in the waste
are problematic.
Use of these food processing units only slightly increases household water use, and
their impact on business water use (in restaurants) is generally not statistically
significant.
Many standard disposal units allow a dishwasher to be connected, and some more
expensive dishwashers are equipped with a small built-in garbage disposal units,
making it unnecessary to scrape plates before washing them.
Use of garbage disposal units diverts the impact of food waste from methods such
as landfill or incinerators to effluent disposal systems. The advantages and
disadvantages need to be weighed for each area.
It is often said that the vast majority of organic waste would be better used for
composting, an option not open to many city-dwellers without an effective collection
system.
Table 12.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the
Type of Human Waste Disposal

Type of Human Waste Frequency Percentage

Disposal

Flush 13 15%

Water Sealed 67 76%

Pit Privy 6 7%

Others 2 2%

Total 88 100%

Figure 12.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type of

Human Waste Disposal

ANALYSIS:
 When it comes to waste disposal, 65 families have water sealed, 13 uses
flush, 6 for pit privy, and 2 for other types of human waste disposal.

SIGNIFICANCE:

The water in the toilet bowl (and the traps for sinks, showers, tubs, floor drains,
etc.) keeps the sewer gases from coming into your living space.
Table 13.1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the
Type of Drainage

Type Of Drainage Frequency Percentage

Open 74 84%

Close 14 16%

Total 88 100%

Figure 13.1 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type of Drainage

ANALYSIS:

Most of the families in the Old Balara have an open drainage. About
84% of the families have an open drainage while there are only 16% who have a
close drainage.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Deferring maintenance for any moisture problem is not wise. Plumbing and
drainage problems can escalate to health issues as molds can grow on virtually any
substance when moisture is present.

Home's roof, grade-level and underground drainage systems are designed to

redirect water flow away from the perimeter foundation. Properly installed drainage
systems help prevent flooding, soils erosion, excessive moisture conditions,
foundation settlement and moisture infiltration into below grade rooms and storage
areas.

Table 13.2 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the

Type of Drainage

Type of Drainage Frequency Percentage

Flow Of Water 1 1%

Flowing 71 81%

Stagnant 16 18%
Total 88 100%

Figure 13.2 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type of

Drainage

ANALYSIS:

The type of drainage in the community is mostly open and flowing. The other
types are applied to fewer families. 72 families have an open drainage while 14
have closed. The least type of drainage is flow of water which composed of only 1
family; 16 have flowing and 69 have stagnant.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Deferring maintenance for any moisture problem is not wise. Plumbing and
drainage problems can escalate to health issues as molds can grow on virtually any
substance when moisture is present.

Home's roof, grade-level and underground drainage systems are designed to

redirect water flow away from the perimeter foundation. Properly installed drainage
systems help prevent flooding, soils erosion, excessive moisture conditions,
foundation settlement and moisture infiltration into below grade rooms and storage
areas.
Table 14.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the
Type of Water Supply

Type Of Water Supply Frequency Percentage

Artesian well 1 1%

Maynilad 72 82%

Brought 5 6%

Other Specify 10 11%

Total 88 100%

Figure 14.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type of Water

Supply

ANALYSIS:

Maynilad supplies 70 families in the community. Other families get their

water supply from the artesian well or are brought to them by other persons. 10
families have other types of water supply.
SIGNIFICANCE:

A secure and dependable water supply contributes greatly to a healthy

population, particularly when supported by promotion of hygienic behaviours. If the
water supply is contaminated chemically or micro-biologically, the result may be
disease, of which the most important is diarrhoea, one of the greatest killers of
young children in the world. Toxic chemicals such as arsenic and fluoride have been
found in drinking water and the harmful effects may be seen in young children.

Sanitation, the safe disposal of human faeces and wastes is necessary to

protect health, as faecal pollution may transmit a number of diseases through the
local community and environment.
Table 15.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Food
Storage

Food Storage Frequency Percentage

Refrigerator 46 52%

Covered 27 31%

Pots 9 10%

Cabinet 6 7%

Total 88 100%

Figure 15.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Food Storage

ANALYSIS:

As to the families’ food storage, 44 have refrigerators where their food

supplies are kept while 27 store their foods by means of covering it. 9 families put
their foods in pots while 6 use cabinets for storage.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Proper preparation and storage of food is seldom addressed in a doctor's

office visit but is a very important part of staying healthy. Proper food handling and
storage minimizes the risk of foodborne illnesses; something very important to
people with weakened immune systems as is the case in HIV.
Table 16.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of
Drinking Water Storage

Drinking Water Storage Frequency Percentage

Refrigerator 45 51%

Bottles 16 18%

Container with Cover 27 31%

Total 88 100%
Figure 16.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Drinking Water
Storage

ANALYSIS:

43 families who have refrigerators use it for storing their water supplies. The
others who have none, use bottles and covered containers as their drinking water
storage.

SIGNIFICANCE:

There is a surprising connection between the quality of our water and

healthful longevity. There are many health benefits of increasing the amount and
quality of the water we drink. All over the world and throughout time, wherever you
find the most contaminant-free water... you find the healthiest, most vibrant
civilizations.

Once we understand that our bodies are more than 70% water and that water
controls virtually every aspect of our health, we can begin to understand its
importance. That means not only the water we drink, but the water that we shower
in... cook with... prepare juices, teas and coffee with... all affect our health
significantly.
Table 17.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Pets

Household Pets Frequency Percentage

Dog 6 7%

Cat 5 6%

Bird / Chicken 10 11%

Hamster 2 2%

None 65 74%

Total 88 100%

Figure 17.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Pets

ANALYSIS:

As for household pets present in the community, 63 families have none but
10 families have bird or chicken as their pet. Dog comes in second, which is taken
care by 6 families. 5 families have cat as their household pet while 2 are fond of
hamster.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Many of us keep pets for companionship. If we have children pets will provide
a certain amount of play and entertainment value too, whilst teaching children the
importance of responsibility and kindness. Pets also provide beneficial stress relief
to their owners, and in the case of dogs, a good form of additional exercise.

An easy way of catching germs and parasites is to handle household pets

without any consideration for hygiene standards. Handling and playing with pets is
considered to be a rewarding pastime, so many of us fail to notice the potential
hazards to our health. Many pets carry germs and parasites that are easily passed
on to us through handling and play. Ringworm, lyme disease, food poisoning and
toxoplasmosis are just a few of the nasty conditions that animals may spread. These
germs and parasites live in infected pets, and are spread through contact with the
animal’s feces. These diseases can make us feel sick, have diarrhea, fever, and can
also affect our internal organs, which is especially harmful to pregnant women, as
the diseases can also affect an unborn child.
Table 18.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the
Presence of Breeding Place of Insects

Presence Of Breeding
Frequency Percentage
Place Of Insects

Yes 74 84%

No 14 16%

Total 88 100%

Figure 18.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Presence of

Breeding Place of Insects

ANALYSIS:

There are places in the community where insects and rodents breed.
Presence of this makes 72 houses while only 14 families have no breeding places
for such insects.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Mosquitoes, flies and other insects may be more abundant than usual, posing
potential health problems. The weather may create excellent breeding conditions
for houseflies and mosquitoes, some of which may be capable of spreading typhoid,
dysentery and encephalitis. The key to controlling insects is removal of their
breeding places–any standing water, especially stagnant water. In warm weather
this should be done immediately after you return to the premises.
Table 19.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the
Presence of Accident Hazards

Presence Of Accidents Frequency Percentage

Hazard

Yes 65 74%

No 23 26%

Total 88 100%
Figure 19.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Presence of
Accident Hazards

ANALYSIS:

According to the data given above, the student nurses observe 63 houses
wherein there are presence of accidents hazard and 23 houses where such problem
are not present.

SIGNIFICANCE:

It has been recognised for many years that certain industrial activities
involving dangerous substances have the potential to cause accidents. Some of
them give rise to serious injury to people or damage to the environment both close
to, and further away from, the site of the accident. Such activities have come to be
known as major accident hazards.
Table 20.1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the
Immunization Status of Mothers

Immunization
Status of Family Category Frequency Percentage
Members

Mother Yes 78 89%

No 10 11%

Total 88 100%

Figure 20.1 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Immunization

Status of Mothers

ANALYSIS:
The immunization status of the fathers in Old Balara was opposite compared to the
mothers. 91% of them have not completed it while only 9% does.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Immunization is a proven tool for controlling and even eradicating disease.

Vaccines — which protect against disease by inducing immunity — are widely and
routinely administered around the world based on the common-sense principle that
it is better to keep people from falling ill than to treat them once they are ill.
Suffering, disability, and death are avoided. New vaccines also have been
introduced with significant results, including the first vaccine to help prevent liver
cancer, hepatitis B vaccine,
Table 20.2 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the
Immunization Status of Mothers

Immunization
Status of Family Category Frequency Percentage
Members

Mother Complete 8 9%

Incomplete 80 91%

Total 88 100%

Figure 20.2 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Immunization

Status of Mothers

ANALYSIS:

The immunization status of the fathers in Old Balara was opposite compared to the
mothers. 91% of them have not completed it while only 9% does.

SIGNIFICANCE:
 Immunization is a proven tool for controlling and even eradicating disease.
Vaccines — which protect against disease by inducing immunity — are widely and
routinely administered around the world based on the common-sense principle that
it is better to keep people from falling ill than to treat them once they are ill.
Suffering, disability, and death are avoided. New vaccines also have been
introduced with significant results, including the first vaccine to help prevent liver
cancer, hepatitis B vaccine,
Table 21.1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the
Immunization Status of Children

Immunization
Status of Family Category Frequency Percentage
Members

Children Yes 79 90%

No 9 10%

Total 88 100%

Figure 21.1 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Immunization

Status of Children

ANALYSIS:

The immunization status of the children was similar to the mothers.

90% of them had taken and completed the immunization while only 10% have not.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Parents are constantly concerned about the health and safety of their
children and take many steps to protect them. Vaccine-preventable diseases have a
costly impact, resulting in doctor's visits, hospitalizations, and prem Disease
prevention is the key to public health. It is always better to prevent a disease than
to treat it. Vaccines prevent disease in the people who receive them and protect
those who come into contact with unvaccinated individuals. Vaccines help prevent
infectious diseases and save lives. Vaccines are responsible for the control of many
infectious diseases that were once common in this country, including polio,
measles, diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), rubella (German measles),
mumps, tetanus, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib).

Table 21.2 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the

Immunization Status of Children

Immunization
Status of Family Category Frequency Percentage
Members

Children Complete 9 10%

Incomplete 79 90%
Total 88 100%

Figure 21.2 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Immunization

Status of Children

ANALYSIS:

When it comes to the immunization status of family members, the mother

and children of each family are mostly immunized but not complete. 76 mothers
have undergone immunization but only 8 had completed the program. There are 77
out of 86 children who have been immunized but 77 children had incomplete
immunization.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Immunization provides immunity which is the exemption from contagion or

infections or from liability to suffer from epidemic or endemic disease. Based on
this, it is important that every individual must undergo the program to protect
themselves. Because there are more mothers and children who have had
incomplete immunization, they’re more prone to diseases and infections.
Table 22.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of
Adequacy of Rest

Rest Frequency Percentage

Adequate 77 88%

Inadequate 11 12%

Total 88 100%

Figure 22.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Adequacy of Rest

ANALYSIS:
 Most of the families have adequate rest. They composed 87% of the total
families. The rest of the families do says that they do not have an adequate rest
mostly because of the chores and their works.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Rest is very important in everybody’s life but most of us do not realize the
significance of it. It balances the stress and brings calmness to the mind. The
people who lack sleep are usually in bad health. It has been found that most heart
attacks occur on Mondays.

Spending some time for recreational activities like cooking, surfing the net
etc, are really the integral needs for mental stimulation. At least 8 hours of sleep is
required to become relaxed and if you do not make use, it may affect your work
efficiency
Table 23.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of
Adequacy of Exercise

Exercise Frequency Percentage

Adequate 61 69%

Inadequate 27 31%

Total 88 100%

Figure 23.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Adequacy of

Exercise

ANALYSIS:

Just like rest, most of the families have an adequate exercise too. 69% of
them says that they still have a time for exercise. While only 31% of them says that
they do not have a time for exercise.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Exercise can also help control other problems, such as: Sleep apnea,
moodiness, stress, decreased energy, cardiovascular disease, high cholesterol and
others. There are too many benefits to list here. But be assured that this tool can
help you become a fit, stronger, disease-free, and overall healthier person.
Table 24.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of
Adequacy of Relaxation

Relaxation Frequency Percentage

Adequate 76 86%

Inadequate 12 14%

Total 88 100%
Figure 24.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Adequacy of
Relaxation

ANALYSIS:

Based on the table above, more families have adequate rest, exercise, and
relaxation activities. 75 get enough rest everyday while 11 don’t. On the other
hand, 59 families have adequate exercise and lastly, 74 families perform adequate
relaxation activities in their everyday life.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Relaxation is so important in our lives as it helps to keep our stress levels

down, and consequently improves our health. Too much work and not enough time
out for ourselves can result in mental health problems, memory failure and even
heart attack. So, it's important everybody takes at least 10 minutes a day to wind
down. Try soaking in a bubble bath, or doing a quick relaxation session before going
to sleep
Table 25.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the
Environment Congestion

Congested Frequency Percentage

Yes 65 74%

No 23 26%

Total 88 100%

Figure 25.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Environment

Congestion

ANALYSIS:
 Most of the families have congested environment mainly because there are
a lot of people living in their place they considered home. According to our
observation, about 63 families living in old Balara have a congested environment
while only 23 families are living with a wide and spacious place

SIGNIFICANCE:

This may not be conducive to health due to crowded area that may cause any
transmission of diseases and cross infection within the families
Table 26.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the
Presence of Noise

Noisy Frequency Percentage

Yes 10 11%

No 78 89%

Total 88 100%

Figure 26.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Presence of

Noise

ANALYSIS:

Even with congested environment, Old Balara can be considered a silent and
peaceful place. We do not observe any large noises nearby and inside their home.
Only 12% of the families are considered noisy.

SIGNIFICANCE:

A place where noisy occurs can bring disturbance to the community

especially to the family or individual living in that place. Noisy environment disturbs
people’s time of sleeping and relaxation as well. It is essential to have an enough
rest and sleep to maintain an active healthy lifestyle.
Table 27.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms
of Presence of Pollution

Presence of Pollution Frequency Percentage

Yes 13 15%

No 75 85%
Total 88 100%

Figure 27.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Presence of

Pollution

ANALYSIS:

Their environment can also be considered clean. Most of the place and the
house doesn’t have any presence of pollution, which means that the people living
there was well disciplined. Only 15% of the houses showed some presence of
pollution.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Adverse air quality can kill many organisms including humans. Ozone
pollution can cause respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, throat
inflammation, chest pain, and congestion. Water pollution mostly due to
contamination of drinking water by untreated sewage in developing countries. Oil
spills can cause skin irritations and rashes. Noise pollution induces hearing loss,
high blood pressure, stress, and sleep disturbance. Mercury has been linked to
developmental deficits in children and neurologic symptoms. Lead and other heavy
metals have been shown to cause neurological problems. Chemical and radioactive
substances can cause cancer and as well as birth defects.
Table 28.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms
of Absence of Peace and Order

Absence of Peace and Frequency Percentage

Order

Yes 5 6%

No 83 94%

Total 88 100%

Figure 28.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Absence of

Peace and Order
ANALYSIS:

The people in the Old Balara was well disciplined. Their community
was safe and peace and order can be observed, though 6% of the families showed
some signs of absence of peace and order.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Peace and order is an essential ingredient to maintaining economic

development, social order and political stability.
Table 29.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms
of Cleanliness of Surroundings

Unclean Frequency Percentage

Yes 59 67%

No 29 33%

Total 88 100%

Figure 29.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Cleanliness

of Surroundings

ANALYSIS:

According to our observation, 66% of the families house are unclean, which
can be the source of a health problem. Only 34% of the houses was clean and safe
from future problems that can cause by the unclean surroundings.

SIGNIFICANCE:

The importance of waste isolation lies in an effort to prevent water and

sanitation related diseases, which afflicts both developed countries as well as
developing countries to differing degrees. It is estimated that up to 5 million people
die each year from preventable water-borne disease, as a result of inadequate
sanitation and hygiene practices.
Table 30.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms
of Awareness of Community Organization

Do you know any

existing organization in Frequency Percentage
the community?
Yes 76 86%

No 12 14%

Total 88 100%

Figure 30.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Awareness

of Community Organization

ANALYSIS:

Most of the families are aware of the organization that exist in their
community. 74 correspondents says that know some organizations present in their
community while only 12 correspondents says that they do not know any

SIGNIFICANCE:

Involvement on volunteer groups is an important science for individual

definitions of self-esteem and self-identity. There are advantages that can be
gained from active participation in community affairs: the citizen can bring about
desired change by expressing one's desire, either individually or through a
community group; the individual learns how to make desired changes; the citizen
learns to understand and appreciate the individual needs and interests of all
community groups; the citizen learns how to resolve conflicting interests for the
general welfare of the group; the individual begins to understand group dynamics
as it applies to mixed groups.
 Table 31.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of
Membership to Community Organization

Are you a member

Frequency Percentage
anyone of them?

Yes 61 69%

No 27 31%

Total 88 100%

Figure 31.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Membership to

Community Organization
ANALYSIS:

69% of the families living in the barangay Old Balara was an active members
of the organization. 31% of them was not. Some of them says that they do not know
any organization existing in the community.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Involvement on volunteer groups is an important science for individual

definitions of self-esteem and self-identity. There are advantages that can be
gained from active participation in community affairs: the citizen can bring about
desired change by expressing one's desire, either individually or through a
community group; the individual learns how to make desired changes; the citizen
learns to understand and appreciate the individual needs and interests of all
community groups; the citizen learns how to resolve conflicting interests for the
general welfare of the group; the individual begins to understand group dynamics
as it applies to mixed groups.
FAMILY HEALTH PROBLEMS

Anemia

Criteria Computation Actual score Justification

Nature of the 3/3 x 1 1 It is a health

problem deficit and needs
an immediate
action and
intervention.

Modifiability of 2/2 x 2 2 It can be easily

the problem modified if proper
intervention is
made; healthy
and active
lifestyle can also
solve this
problem.

Preventive 2/3 x 1 2/3 It has a moderate

potential preventive
potential since
the family do not
have enough
money for the
medicine
(including
 vitamins), daily
check up and
nutritious foods;
but if properly
intervene as soon
as possible it will
cause no harm.

Salience of the 2/2 x 1 1 The family

problem perceives it as a
problem needing
attention.

Total score 4 2/3

Cough and fever

Criteria Computation Actual score Justification

Nature of the 3/3 x 1 1 It is a health

problem deficit.

Modifiability of 2/2 x 2 2 It is easily

the problem modifiable since
the resources and
intervention to
 solve the
problem is
available to the
family.

Preventive 3/3 x 1 1 It can be

potential intervened by
using proper
medicine and
appropriate
actions to
increase
immunity.

Salience of the ½ x 1 ½ It is not in need

problem of immediate
intervention since
it does not
threaten the life
of the family.

Total score 4 1/2

Body pain

Criteria Computation Actual score Justification

Nature of the 3/3 x 1 1 It is a health

problem deficit.

Modifiability of 2/2 x 2 2 It has a high

the problem modifiability
since all the
materials and
interventions
needed are
available in the
 family and within
the community.

Preventive 3/3 x 1 1 Proper diet,

potential active lifestyle
and appropriate
remedy are
needed to
prevent this
problem from
occurring.

Salience of the 0/2 x 1 0 It is not a

problem recognized
problem.

Total score 4

Sanitation problem

Criteria Computation Actual score Justification

Nature of the 2/3 x 1 2/3 It is a health

problem threat that
requires an
immediate
attention.

Modifiability of 2/2 x 2 2 It can be easily

the problem modified since all
the materials and
solution to this
problem is
available within
the community;
proper use of
these equipments
 will produce a
great outcome.

Preventive 3/3 x 1 1 It has a high

potential preventive
potential if the
family members
will work together
to make a
healthful
environment with
the use of
available
resources within
the community.

Salience of the 2/2 x 1 1 It needs an

problem immediate
attention since it
can cause vector-
borne disease
(e.g. dengue),
respiratory
diseases,
digestive system
pathology,
accidents and
other threats that
can be derived
from the said
problem. The
family recognizes
the problem as in
need of
immediate
 action.

Total score 4 2/3

Diabetes

Criteria Computation Actual score Justification

Nature of the 3/3 x 1 1 It is a heath

problem deficit.

Modifiability of ½ x 2 1 It is partially
the problem modifiable since
the treatment,
medicine and
routine check-up
are costly.

Preventive 3/3 x 1 1 Proper diet and

potential active lifestyle
prevent the
disease.

Salience of the 2/2 x 1 1 The family

problem perceives the
health condition
needing abrupt
treatment and
therapy

Total score 4

Lack/inadequate physical activities/exercise

Criteria Computation Actual score Justification

Nature of the 2/3 x 1 2/3 It is a health

problem threat.

Modifiability of 2/2 x 2 2 The intervention

the problem to overcome it is
achievable.

Preventive 3/3 x 1 1 The preventive

potential potential of this
problem is high if
they will be
educated and be
knowledgeable
enough to know
the importance of
physical
activities, thus,
they can attain
good health and
long life.

Salience of the ½ x 1 1/2 The family

problem perceives it as a
problem that
does not require
urgent/instant
health action

Total score 3 1/2

Cigarette smoking

Criteria Computation Actual score Justification

Nature of the 2/3 x 1 2/3 It is a health

problem threat.

Modifiability of ½ x 2 1 The interventions

the problem needed to
 eliminate the or
at least, control
the problem are
available to the
family. The
student nurse
can also adhere
to health
education and
counselling about
the detriments of
smoking.

Preventive 1/3 x 1 1/3 Proneness to

potential respiratory
diseases can be
minimized if
cigarette smoking
is eliminated; the
risk of developing
smoke-related
cancer cells can
thus be
eradicated.

Salience of the 2/2 x 1 1 The family

problem recognizes it as a
problem without
the need of
immediate
attention.

Total score 3

UTI
Criteria Computation Actual score Justification

Nature of the 3/3 x 1 1 It is a health

problem deficit.

Modifiability of 2/2 x 2 2 It is easily

the problem modifiable since
the nurse’s
resources are
available; she
can help the
family by
prescribing
medicines and
rendering
knowledge and
skills in managing
the disease.

Preventive 3/3 x 1 1 This can be

potential prevented by the
use of antibiotics,
proper diet and
good hygiene.

Salience of the 2/2 x 1 1 This needs an

problem immediate
attention since it
is a bacterial
infection and can
affect several
organs of our
body. The family
recognizes the
problem as in
need of pressing
 intervention.

Total score 5

PTB

Criteria Computation Actual score Justification

Nature of the 3/3 x 1 1 It is a health

problem deficit.

Modifiability of 2/2 x 2 2 It can be

the problem modified easily
since all the
medicines
needed to cure
this disease.

Preventive 3/3 x 1 1 It can be

potential prevented if
diagnosed and
intervene as soon
as possible, thru
healthy lifestyle,
and knowledge
about this
disease.

Salience of the 2/2 x 1 1 It is really in need

problem of immediate
attention since
it’s a
communicable
disease and can
affect not just the
respiratory
system but other
 body systems
also. The family
does
acknowledge the
need to treat the
health problem.

Total score 5

TUBERCULOSIS

WEAK IMMUNE SYSTEM

DISEASE UNHEALTHY INADEQUATE FOOD

LIFESTYLE INTAKE/EATING

INABILITY TO HEALTH IMPROPER

AVAIL HEALTH BELIEFS AND CHOICE OF
AND MEDICAL VALUES FOOD
SERVICES

LACK OF INCAPABLE
KNOWLEDGE OF
ABOUT AVAILING
NUTRITION
S AND
HEALTHY
LACK OF
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT
MAINTENANCE OF
HEALTH

IGNORANCE

POVERTY
 TUBERCULOSIS

Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection caused by a bacterium called

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs but they can
also damage other parts of the body. TB spreads through the air when a person with
TB of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes or talks. If one’s immune defense fails, TB
bacteria begin to exploit the immune system cells for their own survival. The
bacteria move into the airways in the lungs, causing large air spaces (cavities) to
form. Filled with oxygen which the bacteria need to survive – the air spaces make
an ideal breeding ground for the bacteria. The bacteria may then spread from the
cavities to the other parts of the lungs as well as to the components of the human
body. On the other hand, a healthy immune system can often successfully fight TB
bacteria, but a body can’t mount an effective defense if your resistance is low. A
number of factor can weaken your immune system. Having a disease that
suppresses immunity such as HIV/AIDS, diabetes, end – stage kidney disease,
certain cancers of the lung disease silicosis, can reduce the body’s ability to protect
itself, the risk is also higher if you take corticosteroids, certain arthritis medications,
chemotherapy drugs or other that suppress the immune system. However,
unhealthy lifestyle and inadequate food intake or nutrition can also affect the
body’s immunity to any kind of bacteria it can harbor. Despite the advances in
treatment, TB remains a major cause of illness and death worldwide, especially in
Africa and Asia. Every year, tuberculosis kills almost two million people. Since the
1980’, rates of TB have increased, fuelled by the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the
emergence of drug resistant strains of the TB bacteria. However, knowledge about
tuberculosis and actions for prevention would be important in order to acquire a
healthy and safe living.
The prioritized health problems

The list of health condition or problems ranked according to priorities is

presented:

Pulmonary Tuberculosis 5

Urinary Tract Infection 5

Sanitation problem 4 2/3

Anemia 4 2/3

Cough and fever 4 1/2

Body pain 4

Diabetes 4

Lack/inadequate physical activities/exercise 3 1/2

Cigarette smoking 3
Family Nursing Care Plan
 HEALTH FAMILY GOALS OF OBJECTIVES OF INTERVENTION PLAN
PROBLEM NURSING CARE CARE
PROBLEM
Nursing Method Resources
Interventions of Required
Nurse-
Family
Contact

Pulmonary 1. Inability After After 1. Discuss Home Human

Tuberculosi to interventio intervention with the visit resources:
s recognize n: , the family family the and time and
the will: nature, clinic effort of
a. The
possibility cause, visit both the
possibility a. Have a
of cross- signs and nurse and
of cross- healthy
infection symptoms the family.
infection lifestyle and
of of
of stop vices /
Pulmonary Pulmonary
Pulmonary habits that
Tuberculos Tuberculosi Material
Tuberculos may cause
is to the s and the resources:
is will be Tuberculosis
other consequenc visual aids,
minimize .
members es / other the example
or
of the b. related of
prevented.
family due Recognize complicatio affordable
to lack of b. The beginning n that the medicine
knowledge family can cases of PTB family will appropriate
about the decide on and suffer if for PTB, and
condition. what immediately proper other stuffs
certain apply interventio that can
2.
action preventive n / care is help the
Inability to
they will measures / not done nurse to be
make
do to consult the immediatel an effective
decisions
protect doctor for y. health
with
their further promoter /
respect to 2. Explore
family analysis. teacher.
taking with the
from
appropriat c. Obtain family ways
acquiring
e heath clear insight of
the said Financial
Learning Insights

The study helped the student nurses to procure which the students will never get from

an ordinary day to day experience.

This exposure gave the students an opportunity to interact with the people in the

community, in which the students were able to relate with their way of living and lead them to

the proper knowledge they need. Through this, it makes the community more visible for the

team which in turn broadens the team’s understanding of the residents’ perception regarding the

issues about their health and their environment.

The group was also exposed to limited time and resources during the entire preparation

but the group was able to surpass it by bringing out the most of each others’ own creativity and

resourcefulness. It taught the group to experience working under extreme pressure yet coming

up sensible ideas and gaining the essence of true team work and camaraderie.

The group learned from the entire immersion that there’s nothing impossible if one

should lay down its goals and prioritize to what really is important. No matter how hard the task

is, how exhausted one feels, or how tiring it would take, one should always think of its first

priority.
 Over-all, the culmination of our immersion taught us of understanding and cooperation

among peers and maximizing ones capabilities to end up with a fruitful work. Most importantly,

patience, compassion, respect and hard work are the virtues the group showed the entire time,

will continue to be the group wherever we go.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

With the aid of data gathering, collation, presentation, analysis and family health

problems that were used in obtaining relevant information in the case study, the researchers

recommend the following:

A. Barangay Officials
1. Implementation of health programs / seminars conducive to health
maintenance
2. Promote programs that will prevent or decrease the occurrence of
Tuberculosis
3. Free vaccination
4. Inform people about the project / program of the government called “DOTS”

A. Health Care Providers

1. Offer health / medical check-ups, treatment and services at a reasonable
price
2. Improvement of health and medical services offered such as free medicine
that should be given to the community
3. Health and medical care / services offered should be effective and efficient

A. Family Members
 1. Full cooperation and participation in all Barangay Health Center activities and
programs
2. Awareness about the vital measures to achieve optimum health and wellness.
3. Maintain a healthy diet and active lifestyle

APPENDICES