Unit Wise Important Questions

UNIT 1

1. With the help of neat diagrams explain the principle of radiation mechanism in antennas

2. Explain the current distribution on a thin-wire antenna.

3. Briefly explain about Radiation pattern.

4. What is the effect of antenna’s sidelobes and backlobes on its gain?

5. Give the classification of polarization.

6. What is the effect of antenna’s sidelobes and backlobes on its gain?

7. Explain beam efficiency and half-power beam width of an antenna.

8. The radiation intensity of an antenna is given by U(θ) = cos4θ; (0≤ θ≤900, 0≤φ≤3600). Find
the half-power beam width (HPBW).

9. What are the factors that contribute to the efficiency of antenna?

10. What is the difference between directive gain and gain of antenna?

11. Sketch and comment on the current distributions and radiation patterns of vertical antennas
of length

λ /2, λ , 3 λ /2, 2 λ.

12. Calculate effective length and effective aperture area of antenna whose radiation resistance is
73 ohms

UNIT 2

1. Explain the concept of Retarded Potentials.

2. A thin dipole is λ/15 long. If it has loss resistances of 1.5Ω, calculate its directivity and gain.

3. Derive an expression for the radiation resistance of a short electric dipole element.
4. Explain the concept of short magnetic dipole

5. Explain how a loop antenna is used for determining the field strength in a medium

6. Give the comparison of far fields of small loop and short dipole.

7. Derive the expressions for field components of an alternating current element located at the
origin?

8. Derive the relationship between effective aperture area and gain of antenna.

9. A transmitting antenna radiates 251W isotropically. A receiving antenna, located 100m away
from the transmitting antenna, has an effective aperture of 500cm2. Determine the total power
received by the antenna.

10. Calculate half power beamwidth for a hertzian dipole.

11. Derive the relation between directivity and beam solid angle.

12. Define reciprocity theorem and prove it in case of antenna system.

UNIT 3

1. Write short notes on: i) Collinear arrays ii) Binomial arrays and iii) Scanning arrays.

2. Draw the radiation pattern of 8 – isotropic elements fed in phase, spaced l/2 apart with the
principle of pattern multiplication.

3. Obtain the expression for the beam width of broadside and end-fire array and compare
them.

4. Explain the effects of uniform and non-uniform amplitude distributions in array?

5. Derive the expression for the far field pattern of an array of 2 – isotropic point sources of

i) Equal amplitude and phase ii) Equal amplitude and opposite phase iii) Unequal amplitude and
any phase.
6. Explain how to select current excitations in an array to avoid sidelobes in radiation pattern?

7. With a neat sketch explain the operation of Yagi-Uda array.

8. Deduce an expression for the radiation pattern of an end-fire array with N vertical dipoles.

9. For an N-element uniform linear array, derive an expression for the array factor. [6M]

10. Explain in detail about Binomial arrays.

11.Write a brief note on Parasitic elements.

12. Prove that maximum of the first minor lobe is 13.46 db down from the maximum at the
major lobe of an N-element linear array.

UNIT 4

1. Compare the requirements and radiation characteristics of resonant and nonresonant radiators?

2. Explain the salient features of Microstrip Antennas.

3. Describe the characteristics of long wire travelling wave antennas and sketch their patterns for
different lengths.

4. What are the advantages of Rhombic antenna over a single wire antenna? List out the design
equations associated with a Rhombic antenna.

5. Describe the construction and operation of helical antenna under axial mode.

6. Explain the radiation mechanism in travelling wave radiator.

7. Explain the design considerations for monofilar helical antennas in different modes.

8. Explain the features and radiation properties of rectangular patch antennas.

9. Find the directivity of 10 turn helix antenna having pitch angle 100, circumference C equal to
λ.
10. Give the construction details and radiation pattern of travelling wave antenna.

11. Explain the working of helical antenna in axial mode?

12. Compare the characteristics of Hertzian dipole and Hertzian Loop antenna.

UNIT 5

1. What is aperture blocking and how to avoid it with cassegrain feed mechanism?

2. Explain in detail about pyramidal horn antenna.

3. The diameter of a parabolic reflector is 2m. For operation at 6 GHz, find the beam width
between first nulls and the gain

4. List out the differences between active and passive corner reflectors

5. With neat set up, explain the absolute method of measuring the gain of an antenna.

6. Describe the directivity and gain measurements of an antenna.

7. Explain the important design parameters of parabolic reflector antenna

8. Give the comparison between horn antenna and paraboloidal reflector antenna

9. Discuss about Dielectric and metal Lens Antennas and their applications.

10. What is radio horizon and optical horizon? Show that radio horizon is about 1.33 times the
optical horizon.

11. What is the principle of equality of path length? How is it applicable to Horn antennas?
Obtain an expression for the directivity of a pyramidal horn in terms of its aperture dimensions.

12. With reference to paraboloids, explain the following: i) f/D ratio ii) Spill over and aperture
efficiency

iii) Front to back ratio iv) Types of feeds.

 UNIT6

1. Write the expression for field strength of ground wave and explain all the terms.

2. How earth’s surface reflects radio waves?

3. Explain in detail about Ground wave propagation.

4. Explain the following terms: (i) Critical frequency (ii) MUF (iii) Skip Distance (iv) Virtual
height

5. Explain in detail about sky wave propagation.

6. Explain in detail about Tropospheric wave propagation..

7. Derive the relationship between MUF and critical frequency.

8. Discuss experimental determination of virtual heights and critical frequencies.

9. Describe any two types of fading normally encountered in radio wave propagation. How are
the problems of fading overcome?

10. Explain the term” wave tilt of surface waves”.

11. Determine the change in the electron density of E-layer when the critical frequency changes
from 4 MHz to 1 MHz between mid - day and sun-set.

12. Find the range of LOS system when the receive and transmit antenna heights are 10m and
100m respectively. Take the effective earth’s radius into consideration