Political Developments of Pakistan

1958-69
1958:

 Oct 7,1958: Martial law, enforced by President Sikandar Mirza.

 Gen. Muhammad Ayub Khan became Chief Martial Law Administrator.
 Oct 27,1958: Sikandar was ousted by Ayub.
1959:

 Oct27,1959: Ayub introduced BASIC DEMOCRACIES.

 A pyramidal plan allowing people to directly elect local councilmen they
knew.
 80,000 Basic Democrats were elected.
1960:

 Ayub used those democrats for refrandum held in Feb 14,1960.

 As a result of refrandum, Ayub became president for 5 year.
 He got the authority to frame future constitution of Pakistan.
 Sept 1960: Indus Water treaty was also signed between India and Pakistan.
1962:

 After 3.5 years of its life,1958-62 M.L came to an end.

 Ayub promulgated the Constitution of 1962 on Mar 1.
 It came into effect of on June 8.
 Trasitional period: 7 years, 1962-69.
 Terminated on Mar 25,1969.
1965:

 2 Jan, 1965: Presidential Elections.

 4 Candiates: Fatima Ali Jinnah, Ayub Khan, 2 more members with no party
affiliation.
 Ayub khan won the elections and again became the President.
 Border incidents became frequent from Jan 1965 to onwards.
 At Runn of Kutch, India was badly defeated by Pak army.
 But on Feb 19,1965 tribunal gave northern 350 sq. miles to Pak and rest to
Ind.
 Indian PM Lal Bahadur Shastri wanted to amalgamate Kasmir into India so
Kashmiris called for an all out war against Indian Imperialism.
 India Made Lahore offensive on Sep6,1965 at 3a.m their targets were
LHR,SIAL,RAJ. It was a fierce tank battle.
 Soviet Union:Neutral. Us: suspended aid to both. China: supported Pak.
 UN declared ceasefire,which came into effect on Sept 23, 1965.
1966:

 Tashkent Declaration was signed between Ind and Pak.

 Talks lasted from Jan 4-10.
 Soviet Union played broker at Tashkent, Kosygin earned praise as
peacemaker.
 Feb 12,1966: S. Mujib-ur-Rehman of Awami league presented 6-point prog.
 In accordance with TD: talks were held on march 1 and 2, 1966.
1969:

 Constitution of 1962 abrogated.

 Ayub handed over to Gen. Yahya Khan on March 25,1969.
 Martial law was enforced again.
 ZA Bhutto appeared as Chairman of PPp, the same year.
A glance on Ayub’s Regime!

 He advocated a presidential form of Govt.

 He promulgated EBDO.
 He focused on land reforms in West Pak.
 He introduced “ Basic Democracies “
 His beneficiaries were: Business class, Bureaucracy.
 One of the main causes of his downfall included TD.