I. Fill in the blanks. 5.

Posits that leader behavior must be adjusted to reflect the

1. Motivation is the result of an interaction between the person
and a situation; it is not a personal trait.
2. In Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory ,needs were
categorized as five levels of lower- to higher-order needs.
3. In Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory, individuals must
satisfy lower-order needs before they can satisfy higher order
needs.
4. McGregor’s Theory X assumes that workers have little
ambition, dislike work, avoid responsibility, and require close
supervision.
5. McGregor’s Theory Y assumes that workers can exercise
self-direction, desire responsibility, and like to work.
task structure—whether it is routine, nonroutine, or in
between—based on a sequential set of rules (contingencies)
for determining the form and amount of follower participation
in decision making in a given situation. Leader Participation
Model
6. Leaders who guide or motivate their followers in the
direction of established goals by clarifying role and task
requirements. Transactional Leadership
7. Leaders who inspire followers to transcend their own self-
interests for the good of the organization by clarifying role and
task requirements. Transformational Leadership
8. An enthusiastic, self-confident leader whose personality and
actions influence people to behave in certain ways.
Charismatic Leadership

6.According to the Three-Needs theory, there are three major
acquired needs that are major motives in work; Need for
achievement, Need for power, Need for affiliation.
7. Goal-Setting theory proposes that setting goals that are
accepted, specific, and challenging yet achievable will result
in higher performance than having no or easy goals.
8. Reinforcement theory assumes that a desired behavior is a
function of its consequences, is externally caused, and if
reinforced, is likely to be repeated.
9. Equity theory proposes that employees perceive what they
get from a job situation (outcomes) in relation to what they put
in (inputs) and then compare their inputs-outcomes ratio with
the inputs-outcomes ratios of relevant others.
9. Visionary Leadership
A leader who creates and articulates a realistic, credible, and
attractive vision of the future that improves upon the present
situation.
10. Trust
Is the belief of followers and others in the integrity, character,
and ability of a leader.
TEST III.
1. Give five universal elements of effective leadership.
2. “If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more,
do more and become more, you are a leader.” – John Quincy
Adams

10. Expectancy theory states that an individual tends to act in a Explain the quote in not less that three sentences.
certain way based on the expectation that the act will be
followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that
outcome to the individual.

TEST II. IDENTIFICATION

1. Leader – Someone who can influence others and who has

managerial authority

2. Leadership – What leaders do; the process of influencing a

group to achieve goals

3. Proposes that effective group performance depends upon

the proper match between the leader’s style of interacting with
followers and the degree to which the situation allows the
leader to control and influence. – FIEDLER MODEL

4. Argues that successful leadership is achieved by selecting

the right leadership style which is contingent on the level of
the followers’ readiness. Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational
Leadership Theory (SLT)