Sir Jon Alcala

STIMULUS RECEPTORS
BRAIN:
INFORMATION
PERCEPTION
LIGHT, PROCESS
SOUND
STIMULUS RECEPTORS
BRAIN:
INFORMATION PERCEPTION
LIGHT, PROCESS
SOUND

SENSATION
- RECEIVING PERCEPTION
INFORMATION - SORTING OUT
- ACTIVATION -INTERPRETATION
OF SENSE ORGAN
STIMULATION OF SENSORY PROCESS BY WHICH
RECEPTORS AND SENSATIONS ARE
TRANSMISSION OF ORGANIZED AND
SENSORY INFORMATION TO INTERPRETED TO FORM AN
THE CENTRAL NERVOUS INNER REPRESENTATION OF
SYSTEM. THE WORLD
 Absolute threshold: refers to the weakest
amount of a stimulus that a person can
distinguish
 Difference Threshold: is the minimum
difference in magnitude of two stimuli
 Just noticeable difference when a person can
detect the difference
 Sensory adaptation refers to the sensory
process of adjustment
 Sensitization becoming more sensitive to
stimulation (positive adaptation)
 Desensitization becoming less sensitive to
stimulation (negative adaptation)
Sense Organ The Various Nature of Stimulus Receptor Cells
Senses Transduced
Eyes Sight Light (radiant energy) Rods and cones in
the retina
Ears Hearing Rapid, periodic Hair cells in the organ
changes in air of corti
pressure (mechanical
energy)/ sound waves
Tongue Gustatory Recognition of Taste cells in the
molecular shape taste buds
Nose Olfactory Recognition of Olfactory epithelium
molecular shape
Skin Pressure, Touch; warmth and Subcutaneous
pain, warmth coolness; adipose tissues
and cold vibration;pain,
stretch
 Light enters through a narrow opening
◦ Cornea – transparent eye cover
◦ Iris – muscle; colored part of the eye
◦ Pupil – opening in the iris
◦ Retina
 Photoreceptors
 Rods(LIGHT), Cones (COLOR)
 Optic Nerve
◦ Axons of ganglion neurons form optic nerve
◦ Conducts sensory input to brain (occipital lobe)
 fovea – an area near the center of the retina that is
dense with cones and where vision is consequently
most acute
 blind spot – the area of the retina where axons from
ganglion cells meet to form the optic nerve
 visual acuity – sharpness of vision
 presbyopia – a condition characterized by brittleness
of the lens
 Nearsightedness – See close objects most clearly –
Elongated eyeball – Distant objects focus in front of
retina
 Farsightedness – See distant objects most clearly –
Eyeball is too short – Images of nearby objects are
focused behind the retina
 SOUND
 EARDRUM
 MIDDLE EAR (EARDRUM, HAMMER, ANVIL
AND STIRRUP
 AND INNER EAR ( COCHLEA)  ORGAN OF
CORTI
 MOLECULAR SUBSTANCE ( ODOR) 
OLFACTORY MEMBRANE ( OLFACTORY
EPHITELIUM –RECEPTORS)  OLFACTORY
NERVE BRAIN
 MOLECULAR SUBSTANCE  TASTE BUDS (
TASTE CELLS- RECEPTOR)