SUBTOPIC 3 LECTURE 1

ASST. PROF. KRISTIAN AZUL

A body whose dimensions do
not affect its state of motion
and experiences no rotation
Motions will be considered
without regard to their size
Only the motion of the entire
unit will be considered and any
rotation about their own center
of mass will be neglected
 When the rotation can no longer be neglected, then they
can no longer be treated as particles
Study of the motion of a body
through space and time (geometry of
motion)
Relates displacement, velocity,
acceleration, and time without
reference to the cause of motion (ex.
Forces causing motion)
Motion on Earth is linear
Motion on Earth is linear
Heavier ball falls faster
Motion = applied force
Same height = same arrival
time
Discrepancy  retarding force
Law of
Inertia
Law of
Acceleration
A scalar quantity is any
quantity that is defined only by
its amount or magnitude.

TIME TEMPERATURE
A vector quantity
is any quantity
defined not only
by its amount or
magnitude, but
also by its sense or
direction. FORCE
SCALAR VECTOR

DISTANCE DISPLACEMENT

MASS WEIGHT

SPEED VELOCITY
Location in space
can be denoted by coordinates
(X, Y, Z)
Distance depends on the path
travelled.
Displacement depends on start
and end only. (Shortest path
between 2 points – start and
end considered)
Travel from A to B to C in 1 hour
B
5km
3km
A 4km C
Distance: 8km
Displacement: 4km due East
Travel from A to C in 1 hour

A 4km C

Distance: 4km
Displacement: 4km due East
Speed = distance/time
Velocity =
displacement/time
Travel from A to B to C in 1 hour
B
5km
3km
A 4km C
Speed: 8km/hr
Velocity: 4km/hr due East
Travel from A to C in 1 hour

A 4km C

Speed: 4km/hr
Velocity: 4km/hr due East
Instantaneous values refer to
values taken at that instant. In
this case, speed and velocity at
an instant.
This means that the time
considered is very small. In such
cases, the displacement and
distance will be the same.
Therefore, the instantaneous
speed and instantaneous velocity
will have the same magnitude.
The rate of change of the
velocity of a particle is called
its average acceleration.
𝑉𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 − 𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙
𝐴=
𝑇
Rectilinear Translation
Curvilinear Translation
If the motion is uniform (a=0),
𝑋 = 𝑋0 + 𝑣 (∆𝑡)

If the motion is uniformly accelerated (a

= constant),
𝑣 = 𝑣0 + 𝑎 ∆𝑡
2
𝑎 ∆𝑡
𝑋 = 𝑋0 + 𝑣0 ∆𝑡 +
2
Motion of particle acted upon by
GRAVITY ONLY
Dropped from Thrown vertically Thrown upwards
a height upwards at an angle
Easier if motion is separated as
horizontal and vertical motion
Vertical motion is uniformly
accelerated (gravitational
acceleration)
Horizontal motion has constant
velocity
Gravity acts
downwards
 no effect
on the
horizontal
component
Horizontal position:
x = voxt = (vocosθ)t
Vertical position :
y = voyt – gt2/2 = (vosinθ)t – gt2/2
Where θ is the angle of launch with
respect to the horizontal
For the Highest elevation
@ θ = 90°
same initial Max Range*
speed but @ θ = 45°

different
angles
*Range is the horizontal distance covered by projectile
*Vy is zero (0) at highest point of trajectory (path)
Motion of particle through a
circular path
Average speed = distance per time
Velocity of a particle is always
changing (tangent to the path)
Speed is constant
Direction always changes
Accelerates to change the
direction of motion
A v0

B
Δv =
v
- v0
v

V and V0 have the same magnitude

Accelerates to change the
direction of motion
A v0

B
Δv v
v
- v0
V and V0 have the same magnitude
Accelerates to change the
direction of motion
A v0
2
Normal
B v
an  Acceleration!
r Points towards
v the center always.
Change in speed and direction
an – Normal acceleration
at Directed towards center of
rotation
an Changes direction
at– Tangential acceleration
Directed tangent to the path
Changes speed
Unbalanced force needed to
travel in curved path
Center seeking force
If the string is suddenly cut, which
path will the object take?
A
B

D C
If the string is suddenly cut, which
path will the object take?
A
B
Because there is no
D C more force changing
its direction, it will go
on a straight line.
 https://www.reddit.com/r/funny/comments/2j3p00/boop_science_my_favourite_gif/
 http://i.imgur.com/lZSOLeD.gif
 https://www.reddit.com/r/gifs/comments/1l6mfy/bullet_through_water_bottle/
 http://i.imgur.com/8cLbkTc.gif
 http://shortbiography.org/aristotle.html
 http://newtonianphysics.weebly.com/aristotle.html
 https://kaiserscience.wordpress.com/2016/10/21/aristotles-laws-of-motion/
 https://www.iq-test.net/Issac-Newton-Iq-pms52.html
 https://www.theodysseyonline.com/your-most-valuable-possession-time
 https://www.pinterest.com/pin/194288171398300538/?lp=true
 https://www.brianmac.co.uk/longjump/index.htm
 https://www.sbnation.com/lookit/2014/3/26/5549234/the-exact-moment-nick-young-
realizes-hes-celebrating-a-miss
 http://www.complex.com/sports/2013/04/20-insane-drifting-gifs-that-make-you-want-to-burn-rubber/
 http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/vectors/Lesson-2/What-is-a-Projectile
 http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/vectors/Lesson-2/Characteristics-of-a-Projectile-s-Trajectory
 http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/vectors/Lesson-2/Horizontal-and-Vertical-Components-of-
Velocity
 http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/vectors/nhlp.cfm
 http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/vectors/hlp.cfm
 https://researchthetopic.wikispaces.com/What+is+projectile+motion%3F+-
+R?responseToken=cf94784cea7da6ab1b0f2321d77904c6
 http://makeagif.com/gif/roller-coaster-loop-rLlCXj
 https://www.reddit.com/r/funny/comments/311zqv/hey_let_me_try_that/
 http://www.schoolphysics.co.uk/age14-
16/Mechanics/Circular%20motion/text/Circular_motion/index.html
 http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/circles/Lesson-1/The-Centripetal-Force-Requirement