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In the case of Mercado vs. Espiritu, it used Rule-based, Analogical, and Narrative
Reasoning. Rule-based reasoning was used, Ley 6, tit. 19, Partida 6, to explain the
provision Section 333 of the Civil Code procedure, which determines the cases of
estoppel. The aforementioned reasoning was used to show the validity of the contract to
which the plaintiffs have agreed upon. Also, analogical reasoning was used by comparing
the similarities of circumstances in Mercado vs. Espiritu and the case decided by the
Supreme Court of Spain. The facts were narrated to show how the contract, between the
appellants and defendant, was executed that became the basis of decision of the Supreme
Court.
86 Phil. 56