DISASTER

RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT

Supplemented by Ryann U. Castro

 SCOPE:
1. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• HAZARD
• EXPOSURE
• VULNERABILITY
• CAPACITY
• RISK
• DISASTER
2. BAGUIO CITY: EFFECTS OF DISASTERS
• EARTHQUAKE
• TROPICAL CYCLONE
• TRASHSLIDE
3. PHILIPPINES RISK PROFILE
4. PREPAREDNESS
5. NEW FRAMEWORK ON DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT
6. SALIENT PROVISION OF R. A. 10121 (DRRM ACT OF 2010)
7. STRENGTHENING DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
8. EMERGENCY/DISASTER OPERATIONS CENTER
• SITUATIONAL ISSUES
• INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

2
DEFINITION OF TERMS
 HAZARD

• Is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or

condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts,
property damage, loss of livelihood & services, social & economic
disruption or environmental damage...

• Could be a potentially damaging phenomenon

• It could be natural or human-induced.

4
 EXPOSURE

• The degree to which the element at risk are likely to experience

hazard events of different magnitude.

5
 VULNERABILITY

• Is the characteristics and circumstances of a community,

system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a
hazard.

• This may arise from various physical, social, economic &

environmental factors.

6
 VULNERABILITY …Continued

VULNERABILITY HAS BEEN RELATED TO THE FOLLOWING FACTORS:

 Social Integration  Psychological & Physiological
 Ethnicity  Locus of control
 Age  Disability
 Gender  Coping-style
 Location  Individual’s perception
 Status  Lifestyle
 Wealth  Agility
 Income  Mobility
 Education  Experience
 Family type

Britton and Walker 1991

7
 • Is the combination of all strengths and resources available within the
community, society or organization that can reduce the level of risk
or effects of a disaster.
CAPACITY

8
 RISK

• Is the combination of Probability of an event to happen and its

negative consequences...

R= HAZARD x VULNERABILITY (exposure)

CAPACITY

9
 DISASTER

• A disaster is a natural or man-made (or technological) hazard

resulting in an event of substantial extent causing significant
physical damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic change to the
environment. A disaster can be ostensively defined as any tragic
event stemming from events such as earthquakes, floods,
catastrophic accidents, fires, or explosions. It is a phenomenon that
can cause damage to life and property and destroy the economic,
social and cultural life of people.

• In contemporary academia, disasters are seen as the consequence

of inappropriately managed risk. These risks are the product of a
combination of both hazard/s and vulnerability. Hazards that strike in
areas with low vulnerability will never become disasters, as is the
case in uninhabited regions.

11
 …Continued
CLASSIFICATIONS
Natural Disaster
 A natural disaster is a consequence when a natural hazard affects
humans and/or the built environment. Human vulnerability, and lack
of appropriate emergency management, leads to financial,
environmental, or human impact. The resulting loss depends on the
capacity of the population to support or resist the disaster: their
resilience. This understanding is concentrated in the formulation:
"disasters occur when hazards meet vulnerability". A natural hazard
will hence never result in a natural disaster in areas without
vulnerability.
DISASTER

12
 …Continued
CLASSIFICATIONS
Man-made or Human Induced Disaster
 Man-made disasters are the consequence of technological or
human hazards. Examples include stampedes, fires, transport
accidents, industrial accidents, oil spills and nuclear
explosions/radiation. War and deliberate attacks may also be put in
this category. As with natural hazards, man-made hazards are
events that have not happened, for instance terrorism. Man-made
disasters are examples of specific cases where man-made hazards
have become reality in an event
DISASTER

13
 …Continued
WHEN IS AN EVENT A DISASTER?
1. At least 20% of the population are affected & in need of
emergency assistance or those dwelling units have been
destroyed.

2. A great number or at least 40% of the means of livelihood such

as bancas, fishing boats, vehicles and the like are destroyed.

3. Major roads and bridges are destroyed and impassable for at

least a week, thus disrupting the flow of transport and commerce.

4. Widespread destruction of fishponds, crops, poultry and

livestock, and other agricultural products, and
DISASTER

5. Epidemics

NDCC Memo Order No. 4, dated 04 March 1998

14
 …Continued
WHY ARE DISASTER IMPACTS INCREASING?

1. Increased in population

2. Climate change

3. Increased vulnerability due to:

• Demographic changes
• Increased concentration of assets
• Environmental degradation
DISASTER

• Poverty
• Rapid urbanization and unplanned development

15
BAGUIO CITY
EFFECTS OF DISASTERS
 EARTHQUAKE

July 16 1990
Ms=7.8
DEAD – 1,666
INJURED – 3,500

17
 …continued

Hyatt Terraces

18
University of BAGUIO FRB Hotel

Nevada Hotel Siesta Inn

19
 Park Hotel St. Vincent

Royal Inn Hilltop Hotel

20
 Baguio Cathedral Aurora Theater

EPZA/PEZA Loakan Airport

21
 Burnham Park

22
 JULY 16, 1990 EARTHQUAKE …Continued

Aftershocks of the 1990

July 16 earthquake Ms=7.8

PHIVOLCS data
First 14 hours

Many aftershocks found

west of Baguio City, not
along fault trace

23
 SUPER TYPHOON “PEPENG” {PARMA}
(September 30 – October 10, 2009)

Max Center Wind: 195 kph

Gustiness: 230 kph
Speed: 9-26 kph

Baguio City received 640

mm of rain during the 12-
hour period starting 8:00
am on October 8

24
 EFFECTS ST “PEPENG” {PARMA}

a) Affected Population
Population affected in 5,486 barangays, 334 municipalities, and
33 cities in 27 provinces in Regions I, II, III, V, VI, CAR and NCR
– 954,087 families / 4,478,284 persons Breakdown per Region
The total number evacuated inside 54 evacuation centers were
3,258 families / 14,892 persons

b) Casualties
Reported deaths in CAR were mainly due to landslides while
those in other regions were due to drowning (same figure in
previous report)
 465 Dead
 207 Injured
 47 Missing

25
 EFFECTS ST “PEPENG” {PARMA} …Continued

c) Damages
The total number of damaged houses were 61,869 (6,807
totally / 55,062 partially)
The estimated cost of damage to infrastructure and agriculture
were PhP27.297 Billion (infrastructure to include school
buildings and health infrastructure PhP6.799 Billion; agriculture
PhP20.495 Billion and private property PhP 0.003 Billion
Agricultural area of 428,034 hectares incurred losses of
1,052.993 MT of crops (rice, corn, high value commercial
crops, abaca and irrigation facilities)
Education facilities damaged in Regions I, II, III, V and CAR:
were 1,531 schools (1,280 Elementary and 251 High Schools)
amounting to PhP767.45 Million

26
 EFFECTS ST “PEPENG” {PARMA} …Continued

INCIDENTS TOTAL
ERODED RIPRAP 25
FALLEN TREE / IN DANGER OF
19
FALLING
SOIL EROSION / LANDSLIDE 97
FLOOD 41
VEHICULAR ACCIDENT 1

BAGUIO CASUALTIES:
A) Deaths 1) Landslide 58
2) Accident 2
B) Missing 5
C) Injured 27

Note: Incidents received, monitored and recorded by CDRRMC-DOC

28
 CITY CAMP
FLOODING
Date: October 8, 2009
Reported: 2:55 PM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
could not be contained by the
drainage.

29
 CRESENCIA VILLAGE
LANDSLIDE
Date: 08 October 2009
Reported: 8:00 PM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 23

30
 MARCOS HIGHWAY

ROAD CUT
Date: October 8, 2009
Reported 9:31 PM
Caused Closure of the Highway

31
 MARCOS HIGHWAY

ROAD CUT
Date: October 8, 2009
Reported 9:31 PM
Caused Closure of the Highway

32
 KENNON ROAD

Fallen rocks and Mudslides

33
 PINSAO PROPER
LANDSLIDE
Date: October 9, 2009
Reported: 8:30 AM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 1

34
 ↑ ROCK QUARRY
LANDSLIDE
Date: October 9, 2009
Reported: 6:30 AM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 4

35
 ↓ KITMA
LANDSLIDE
Date: October 9, 2009
Reported: 9:56 AM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 8

36
 PUROK 1, IRISAN
LANDSLIDE
Date: October 9, 2009
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 16

37
38
SIMULTANEOUS INCIDENTS
 TRASHSLIDE

August 26 – September 7, 2011

DEAD – 6

39
40
41
42
PREVIOUS DISASTERS IN C.A.R. LESSONS LEARNED

 LGU as the first line of defence

 Early warning devise or equipment are vital in saving life
 Without communication support warning and the evacuation fails
 Early warning and evacuation system to attain Zero Casualty
 Pre-positioning of organic resource capability for quick response
 Building-back better not building-back-elsewhere
 DRR measures to protect economic investments
 Help must be linked to initiative. Protracted relief could breed
mendicancy, inhibit or hold back local initiative and suppress
native creativity
 Demand driven vs. donors driven
 Disaster Risk Reduction Plan must be considered basic input in
the Regional Development Master Plan

43
RISK PROFILE
45
RISK PROFILE
 …Continued
The country is considered one of the most disaster-prone. It ranks 12th
among 200 countries most at-risk for tropical cyclones, floods,
earthquakes, and landslides in the 2009 Mortality Risk Index of the UN
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
 Located along the
typhoon belt in the
Pacific making it
vulnerable to typhoons
and tsunami.

 Average of 20
RISK PROFILE

typhoons yearly (7 are

destructive).

47
 …Continued
1851-2006 TYPHOON SEASON
Tracks and Intensity of Tropical Cyclones, 1851-2006
RISK PROFILE

TD TS 1 2 3 4 5
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Intensity Scale

48
 …Continued
RISK PROFILE 1980-2005 TYPHOON SEASON

49
 …Continued
RISK PROFILE 1980-2005 TYPHOON SEASON

50
51
…Continued
RISK PROFILE
 …Continued
RISK PROFILE

AREAS SUSCEPTIBLE TO
LANDSLIDE, FLOODING, AND
SUBSIDENCE DUE TO KARST
DEVELOPMENT
52
 …Continued
The Philippines, given its location on the earth is prone to various types
of Natural Disasters.

 Located along the

Pacific Ring of Fire,
between two Tectonic
plates (Eurasian and
Pacific) which are
volcanic and
earthquake
RISK PROFILE

generators.

 22 active volcanoes (5
most active).

54
 …Continued

Fact:
The Philippine Archipelago
has a complex tectonic
setting with several trenches
and many active faults
RISK PROFILE

55
56
…Continued
RISK PROFILE
57
…Continued
RISK PROFILE
 0 50 100 km
…Continued
EARTHQUAKE GENERATORS
WITHIN CORDILLERA N Pacific
Ocean
South

Abra River
China
Northwest segments of the Sea
Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ):
 Digdig Fault

Manila Trench
 San Manuel Fault Baguio City

 Tebbo Fault
 Tuba Fault
 Bangui Fault
RISK PROFILE

 Abra River Fault

Source: Phivolcs

58
 0 50 100 km
…Continued
2 SEISMIC GENERATORS
NEAR BAGUIO CITY N Pacific
Ocean
South

Abra River
China
Tuba Fault Sea
 West of Baguio City,
approximately 5 km

Manila Trench
away, NW trending Baguio City
 50 km long
 could generate a Ms
7.25 earthquake max
RISK PROFILE

Tebbo Fault
 located approximately
10 km Southeast of
Baguio City
 70 km long
 could generate a Ms 7.4
earthquake max
Source: Phivolcs

59
 …Continued

0 100 300 km

N
Burnham Fault

LEGEND:
Mirador Fault
Fault
RISK PROFILE

San Vicente Fault

Tuba Fault
Bued Fault

Loakan Fault

Source: Office of the City Planning & Development Coordinator

60
 …Continued
HISTORICAL SEISMICITY

The PHIVOLCS earthquake and catalogue seismicity maps shows

so far, seven (7) historically and instrumentally recorded destructive
earthquakes (Intensity VII-IX in the adapted Rossi-Forel scale) have
affected Baguio City for the past 356 years (1645-2001). This
roughly translate into a return period of at least one destructive
earthquake (Intensity VII to IX) for every 50 years. In addition, there
were four very destructive earthquakes during the 356-year period
for a return period of at least one very destructive earthquake
RISK PROFILE

(Intensity VIII to IX) for every 89 years. In comparison, regional

probabilistic seismic hazard calculations by Thenhaus (1994)
yielded annual probability rates of Ms:
• 6.4 to <7.0 (1 in 23 years)
• 7.0 to <7.3 (1 in 62 years)
• Ms <8.2 (1 in 166 years)

61
 …Continued
RISK PROFILE

The Philippine Archipelago occupies the western ring of

the Pacific Ocean (Western Segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire), a most active part
of the earth that is characterized by an ocean-encircling belt of active volcanoes
and earthquake generators (faults).
63
 …Continued

ACTIVE, INACTIVE AND

POTENTIALLY ACTIVE
VOLCANOES OF THE
PHILIPPINES

 300 volcanoes
 22 active
 7 inactive in CAR
RISK PROFILE

64
 …Continued
VOLCANOES OF THE CORDILLERA REGION
Benguet Province: Kalinga Province:
1. Santo Tomas, Baguio City 4. Bumabag, Batong Buhay
2. Daclan, Bokod 5. Podakan, Batong Buhay
3. Pulag, Kabayan 6. Ambalatungan, Batong Buhay
7. Binuluan
RISK PROFILE

All of the above volcanoes are inactive or has no record of

eruption during historic times.

65
PREPAREDNESS
A PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY
 MAKE A DIFFERENCE…

 Changing attitudes…

 Knowing hazards…
PREPAREDNESS

 Doing something to
minimize the hazards.

67
 …Continued
PREPAREDNESS WHAT IF?!

Are we prepared?

68
 …Continued
CRITICAL CONCERNS

1. Does your institution have an existing Disaster Response Team /

Safety Committee?
2. If yes, is it functional?
3. Do we conduct emergency / disaster drills regularly?
4. Do we have Emergency Response Plan?
5. Do we have a Preparedness / Contingency Plan in the event of any
PREPAREDNESS

disaster?
6. Are there personnel / employees trained in first aid, fire fighting or
rescue?
7. Does the institution have any rescue equipment and other
emergency paraphernalia?
8. Do we have an institutionalized warning system?
9. Are there identified evacuation areas within the premises of the
institution?

69
 …Continued
PREPAREDNESS CYCLE

Plan
Evaluate/
Improve

Organize
&
PREPAREDNESS

Equip
Exercise

Train

70
 …Continued
72-HOUR SURVIVAL KIT

1. Food
2. Clothing
3. Communications
4. Documents
5. Medicines
6. Other Essential Needs
PREPAREDNESS

7. Emergency Money

*Kit depends on the number of family members, health status, gender and age.

71
R.A. 10121
THE PHILIPPINE DRRM SYSTEM
 THE PHILIPPINE DRRM SYSTEM
 Disaster legislation in the Philippines dates back in 1978, primarily
reactive approach to disasters, focusing heavily on preparedness
and response. Other relevant legislation for mainstreaming of
disaster risk reduction into development includes land-use controls
and building codes. However, building codes are not strictly
enforced and zoning ordinances which are reported to have been
relaxed over time.

 With the approval of the DRRM (Republic Act

No. 10121) expect that there would be a
paradigm shift emphasizing disaster
management to a disaster risk management
approach, with much greater importance given
to reducing risk. The RA was approved on 27
DRRM

May 2010, and the Implementing Rules and

Regulations was crafted by the Task Force RA
10121 headed by the OCD.

73
 …Continued
RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT

 Systematic process of using administrative decisions,

organization, operational skills and capacities to implement
policies, strategies and coping capacities of the society and
communities

 Setting of related goals and objectives in development and land use

areas.

 It involves the formulation of strategies and Plans, Programs and

Activities (PPAs)
DRRM

74
 …Continued
WHAT MUST BE DONE TO REDUCE RISK

 Institutionalize Local Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Office

 Establish Early Warning System

 Formulation of Communication Protocol

 Formulation of Evacuation Procedures at the community level and

establishments

 Organize Local DRRMC and define the functional roles and

responsibilities of the members and task units

 Establish Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)

DRRM

 Hazard awareness through Community-Based trainings and

seminars

75
 …Continued
WHAT MUST BE DONE TO REDUCE RISK

 Integrate disaster risk reduction into the Comprehensive Land Use

Plan (CLUP) and land use planning
 Integrate hazard, risk and vulnerability assessment into the
development plan
 Cluster Approach on Recovery Program
 Good working relationship with Warning Agencies and the Local
Media
 Installation of rain gauges on mountain slopes

(DENR-MGB CAR recommended that 150 mm of rainfall observed

DRRM

within 24 hours would already trigger evacuation of communities in

high risk areas)

76
 …Continued
WHAT MUST BE DONE TO REDUCE RISK

 Strengthening of the LGU capabilities on disaster management;

 Updating the hazard profile of all municipalities and to analyse data

on human induced disasters for public safety studies

 Effective flow of communication system to ensure that accurate flow

of information before, during and after disasters
DRRM

77
 …Continued
DRRM WHAT MUST BE DONE TO REDUCE RISK

78
 …Continued
RISK REDUCTION METHOD
In the following order

1. Identify, characterize, and assess threats

2. Assess the vulnerability of critical assets to specific threats

3. Determine the risk (i.e. the expected consequences of specific

types of attacks on specific assets)

4. Identify ways to reduce those risks

5. Prioritize risk reduction measures based on a strategy

DRRM

79
 …Continued
POTENTIAL RISK TREATMENTS

Once risks have been identified and assessed, all techniques to

manage the risk fall into one or more of these four major categories:

 Avoidance (eliminate, withdraw from the risk area)

 Reduction (optimize resources to mitigate effects )
 Sharing (risk transfer or enrol in insurance)
 Retention (accept, plan - formulate ConPlan, Evac Plan, ICS and
provision of budget)
DRRM

80
 …Continued
DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
 A comprehensive disaster risk management strategy, actively
involving stakeholders at all levels of government as well as the
private sector, local communities and civil society, is required to
implement the legislative framework and to provide coordination and
monitoring mechanisms and arrangements.

 Individual disaster risk reduction actions and programs need to be

located within this strategy, rather than treated as discrete, individual
measures. Moreover, the strategy needs to indicate specific entry
points and mechanisms for mainstreaming disaster risk reduction
concerns into both the broader development agenda and the design
and implementation of individual development initiatives.
DRRM

81
 …Continued
DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
 Individual line agencies and local governments are legally
responsible for implementing disaster management, as it is still
commonly referred to in department circulars and executive orders,
within their own areas of responsibility. In practice, some LGUs have
yet to even establish their disaster coordinating councils (DCCs),
while those DCCs that have been established vary in quality. In
addition, reflecting Presidential Decree (PD) 1566’s reactive
approach to DCC meetings are commonly held only on an ad hoc
basis, in response to crisis situations, rather than on a more regular
basis to discuss ongoing risk reduction initiatives, and DCCs’ risk
reduction and mainstreaming capacity and capabilities are often
very limited.
DRRM

82
 …Continued
RA NO. 10121 • 21 years in the
27 May 2010 making
• 7 Congresses
• 4 Administration
14th Congress
(2007-2010)
13th Congress
(2004-2007)
12th Congress
(2001-2004)
11th Congress
(’98-2001)

10th Congress
R.A. 10121

(’95-’98)
9th Co2ngress
(’92-’95)
8th Congress
(’89-’92) PD 1566
June 11, 1978

83
 …Continued
DRRMC ORGANIZATIONAL NETWORK
NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT COUNCIL
 17 REGIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT COUNCILS

 80 PROVINCIAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT COUNCILS

 117 CITY DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT COUNCILS

 1,496 MUNICIPAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT COUNCILS

 41,945 BARANGAY DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT COUNCILS

R.A. 10121

84
 ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER 173 SERIES 2010

Mayor
City Administrator /
Action Officer
BAGUIO CITY

85
 …Continued THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MAY 27, 2010

 An Act Strengthening The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction

and Management System, providing for the National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Framework, and Institutionalizing the
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, appropriating funds
therefor and for other purposes (DRRM Act 2010)
R.A. 10121

86
 …Continued
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION …Continued

The law which transforms the Philippines’ Disaster Management

System from Disaster Relief and Response towards Disaster Risk
Reduction.

Bottom-up and
Top-down and centralized
participatory disaster
disaster management
risk reduction

Disasters as merely a Disaster mainly a

function of physical reflection of people's
hazards vulnerability
R.A. 10121

Focus on disaster
response and anticipation
Integrated approach to
genuine social and human
development to reduce
disaster risk and adoption
of IT in DRM

87
 …Continued
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION GUIDING PRINCIPLES
 Institutional not personality oriented

 Permanent solution not temporary or palliative

 Preemptive evacuation is better than rescue

R.A. 10121

88
 R.A. 10121 …Continued

The enactment of the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and

Management Act of 2010 (also known as Republic Act 10121), aims to
achieve a paradigm shift from reactive to proactive approach in
disaster risk reduction and management.

 One of the main objectives of Disaster Preparedness it to “Enhance

the community with the necessary skills to cope with the negative
impacts of a disaster”.

 The state of readiness for PDRRMC, MDRRMC and CDRRMC is

greatly determines the extent to which potential casualties and
damages can be reduced.

89
 …Continued
PARADIGM SHIFT
Emergency/Disaster Management
• Executive/Legislative Agenda • Public awareness
• Environmental Management • Public commitment
• Comprehensive Land Use Plan • Community actions
• Risk proofing • Education & Training
• Financial tools • Early Warning
• Hazard identification & • SOP & Plans
• Vulnerability Analysis Mitigation: • ICS Development
• Capacity Analysis Risk Reduction / Preparedness
Prevention

Rehabilitation
Response
R.A. 10121

• Livelihood • DANA
• Housing • Relief
• Lifelines • SAR
• Education • Incident Command System
• Infrastructure • Evacuation
• Health

REACTIVE
90
91
…Continued
R.A. 10121 PARADIGM SHIFT
 …Continued
PARADIGM SHIFT
National Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Framework

EMERGENCY DISASTER RISK

MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT

Reactive Proactive
Disaster Response Disaster Risk Reduction

Risks Specialists
Emergency Specialists
R.A. 10121

Economic Managers
Hazard Scientists
Development Planners

92
 …Continued
PARADIGM SHIFT
Emergency/Disaster Risk Management

Mitigation:
Risk Reduction /Prevention

Preparedness
R.A. 10121

Rehabilitation

Response

PROACTIVE
93
EMERGENCY/DISASTER
OPERATIONS CENTER
 BAGUIO CDRRMC-DOC

95
 DISASTER OR EMERGENCY OPCEN

• Is a central command and control facility responsible for carrying out

the principles or functions of emergency / disaster
preparedness and management at a strategic level in an emergency
situation, and ensuring the continuity of operation of a company,
political subdivision or other organization.

• An Emergency / Disaster OPCEN is responsible for the strategic

overview, or "big picture", of the disaster.

• Used in varying ways at all levels of government and within private

industry to provide coordination, direction and control during
emergencies.

96
 DISASTER OR EMERGENCY OPCEN …Continued

• The common functions of all E/D OPCEN is to collect, gather and

analyze data; make decisions that protect life and property, maintain
continuity of the organization, within the scope of applicable laws;
and disseminate those decisions to all concerned agencies and
individuals.

• In most E/DOC's, there is one individual in charge, and that is

the Emergency/Disaster Manager.

97
 DISASTER OR EMERGENCY OPCEN …Continued

BRINGS TOGETHER THE VITAL ASPECT OF :

SITUATION ACTIVATION of the
SITUATION DISSEMINATION COORDINATION &
ASSESSMENT AND BDRRMC -
MONITORING of WARNING COMMUNICATION
MONITORING responders & others

INFORMATION RESOURCE
COLLECTION TASK With DISASTER
DISPATCH, TRACKING ACTION PRIORITIES
& ANALYSIS ALLOCATION MNGT FUNCTION
& REQUEST

MEDIA & PUBLIC

Working 24/7
INFORMATION

98
ACTIVATION
 ACTIVATION
UNDERSTANDING THE COLORED ALERT STATUS & DISASTER WARNING SYMBOLS
NOTIFICATION - When an event/disaster occurs, notification is made to
all partner agencies, and CDRRMC Disaster Operations Center support
staff who needs to take actions as part of their pre-assigned tasks and
responsibilities;

BLUE ALERT (PARTIAL ACTIVATION) - An initial limited or

a post Red Alert scaled down operational condition of the
Disaster Operations Center (DOC). All field personnel go
on stand-by, assets pre-positioned for easy deployment;

RED ALERT (FULL ACTIVATION) - All primary and

secondary support agencies of the CDRRMC are on
active status/on-call, manning respective stations
along with DOC staff, while directing-coordinating
personnel/assets on a 24-hour basis during an on-
STAGES or LEVELS
going event; of ACTIVATION for
DEACTIVATION - The DOC Chief as may be directed
DRRMCs
by the Chief Executive or Action Officer to deactivate
the alert status and normal operations of the
Disaster Operations Center resumes.

100
 ACTIVATION …Continued

RED Full scale activation

• Full scale activation.

• Citywide activation of the BDRRMC’s & respective operations
centers.
• Focal members of the CDRRMC’s will be in the operations center
for fast action, coordination & decision.
• Convene a council meeting to address preparedness for response
& other concerns.

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 ACTIVATION …Continued

BLUE Partial activation

• Partial activation - whole members

• Citywide activation of the BDRRMCs & respective operations
centers
• Convene a council meeting to address preparedness for response
& other concerns

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 ACTIVATION …Continued

WHITE Monitoring

• 24/7 monitoring of AOR

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SITUATIONAL ISSUES
THINGS TO CONSIDER
 SITUATIONAL ISSUES
In any major situation, there are three (3) critical issues that usually
arise, namely:

105
 …Continued
TIME CONSTRAINT …Continued

• WARN PEOPLE
• EVACUATE THE PEOPLE
• SAVE LIVES
• CASUALTIES
SITUATIONAL ISSUES

• INJURED
• DEAD
• MISSING
• IMPENDING HAZARDS
• UTILITY SHUT DOWN
• LOOTERS
• Others

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 …Continued
COORDINATION …Continued

• WHAT?
• WHERE?
• WHEN?
• WHO?
SITUATIONAL ISSUES

• HOW?
• Others

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INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
SIX (6) BUILDING BLOCKS
 INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
COMMAND & CONTROL

LAW DANA SAR EMS FIRE EVACUATION

ENFORCEMENT SUPPRESION & RELIEF

110
 STRUCTURAL FIRE
Tiong San Bazaar, 1:00 PM, April 2, 2008
Property and merchandise worth around P 200 million were lost in a 10-hour fire.

111
 STRUCTURAL FIRE …Continued

COMMAND & CONTROL

LAW DANA SAR EMS FIRE EVACUATION

ENFORCEMENT SUPPRESION & RELIEF

E
TS R
I
F
112
 LANDSLIDE
Little Kibungan, Puguis, La Trinidad, Benguet
The landslide buried more or less 25 houses 50+ residents.

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 LANDSLIDE …Continued

COMMAND & CONTROL

LAW DANA SAR EMS FIRE EVACUATION

ENFORCEMENT SUPPRESION & RELIEF

AN
LITTLE NG
BU
KI

114
 VEHICULAR ACCIDENT
Byron Bus 198 Accident
May 11, 2005, Badiwan, Tuba, Benguet : 29 dead

115
 VEHICULAR ACCIDENT …Continued

COMMAND & CONTROL

LAW DANA SAR EMS FIRE EVACUATION

ENFORCEMENT SUPPRESION & RELIEF

WAY
VA HIGH
COS
MAR

116
 S.A.R.
Flash Flood Victim SAR, September 30-October 5, 2012
Point of Origin: Crystal Cave, Baguio City – Point of Sighting: Sitio Pacac, Tuba, Benguet

117
 S.A.R. …Continued

COMMAND & CONTROL

LAW DANA SAR EMS FIRE EVACUATION

ENFORCEMENT SUPPRESION & RELIEF

FLOOD

MISSING FLASH

TO

DUE

118
 AIRCRAFT CRASH
Crash Incident Presidential Chopper BELL 412
April 7, 2009, Brgy. Eheb, Tinoc, Ifugao : 8 dead

119
 AIRCRAFT CRASH …Continued

COMMAND & CONTROL

LAW DANA SAR EMS FIRE EVACUATION

ENFORCEMENT SUPPRESION & RELIEF

2
CRASH 1
4
BELL

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INCIDENT
REPORTING / RECIEVING
 WHAT TO DO

1. (WHO) IDENTIFY YOURSELF

2. (WHAT) IDENTIFY NATURE OF CALL
3. (WHERE) EXACT ADDRESS/LOCATION
4. (WHEN) STATE EXACT TIME AND DATE
5. (HOW) ADDITIONAL INFORMATION THAT MAY BE RELEVANT

*AFTER A CALL, ALWAYS DO VERIFICATION*

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INCIDENT
PROFILING
 INCIDENT PROFILING
Profile of the Incident:
 What :
_____________________________________
(Type of incident)
 When :
_____________________________________
(Date and time of occurrence)
 Where :
_____________________________________
(Estimated location)
 Why :
_____________________________________
(Probable cause of the incident)

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 INCIDENT PROFILING …Continued

 Who :
_____________________________________

_____________________________________
(Affected population and responding agencies in the area)

 How :
_____________________________________
(How was the response carried out?)

125
 QUESTIONS?

126
 “We are not preparing for the world we live in - we
are preparing for the world we find ourselves in.”
– Michael Mabee
Prepping for a Suburban or Rural Community: Building a Civil Defense Plan for a Long-Term Catastrophe

127
 THANK YOU!

128
 REFERENCES

• Andrew Alex Uy
OCD-CAR/CRDRRMC
• Hazard
http://www.backgroundalpha.com/Hazards.html
• Risk
http://bcalliance-international.com/select-services/risk-management-and-iso-31000/risk-management-services
http://dilipchandra12.hubpages.com/hub/Risk-Treatment-Plan
• Disaster
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disaster
• Trashslide
http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/MSNBC/Components/Photo/_new/pb-110828-garbage-cannon.jpg
http://www.interaksyon.com/article/12111/mina-toll-rises-to-26-six-more-missing
http://mghelman.tumblr.com/
http://www.sunstar.com.ph/baguio/local-news/2011/08/29/typhoon-mina-leaves-8-dead-cordillera-176058
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/51141/state-of-calamity-declared-in-trash-swamped-baguio
http://bulatlat.com/main/2013/06/25/baguios-garbage-woe-affects-classes/
http://richardbalonglong.wordpress.com/2012/10/03/wall-es-plant-2/
• Typhoon Parma
http://www.typhoon2000.ph/stormarchives/2009/trax/pepeng09_16tx.gif
• Climate Change
http://mncgreens.blogspot.com/2012/02/event-australian-attitudes-to-climate.html
http://www.climate-speakers.org.uk/

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