Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ANALYSIS
WesTech Engineering, Inc.
Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
1
Simplified Activated
Sludge Flow Sheet
Q + RAS Q
Q Aeration
Basin Clarifier
RAS
WAS
2
Key Parameters used in
State Point Analysis
Factor / Parameter Symbol
z Influent flow rate Q
z Return activated sludge flow rate RAS
z Mixed liquor concentration Xmlss
z Sludge settling characteristics V o, k
z Clarifier surface area A
3
State Point Diagram
8.0
7.0
Solids Flux Axis
G, Kg/m2-hr
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0 Solids Concentration Axis
1.0
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
X, g/l
4
What is Solids Flux?
Solids flux is the movement
of solids through a clarifier
Solids Flux = mass per unit area per unit time
kg / m2 - hr
6.0
5.0 - Underflow rate line
4.0 - Settling flux curve
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
X, g/l
6
State Point Diagram
8.0
7.0
G, Kg/m2-hr
6.0
Overflow rate line
5.0
4.0 Slope = SOR = Q/A
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
X, g/l
7
State Point Diagram
8.0
7.0 Xmlss(Q+RAS)
Solids loading rate
G, Kg/m2-hr
6.0 A
5.0
4.0 State Point
3.0 Underflow rate line
2.0
1.0 Slope = SUR = RAS/A
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
X, g/l
mlss Expected underflow conc.
concentration 8
Settling Flux
Settling Flux, Gs = X Vs
Where: X = Solids concentration
Vs = Settling velocity at
that concentration
9
Settling Flux
Settling tests at various
solids concentrations
Interface height
We record
interface
height
vs
time
10
Settling Curve
1600
1400 Vs is the slope of the
Interface Height (mm)
12
Settling Flux
For most activated sludge there
exists the following relationship
Vs = Vo e-kX
Substitution gives
Gs = X Vo e-kX
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
-2.0
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
X, g/l
14
State Point Diagram
8.0
7.0
Now we plot the
G, Kg/m2-hr
6.0
5.0 three elements
4.0 together to form the
3.0 State Point Diagram
2.0
1.0
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
X, g/l
15
Thickening Failure
8.0
7.0
G, Kg/m2-hr
16
Inventory Shift
8.0
7.0
G, Kg/m2-hr
6.0
5.0
4.0 1
3.0 2
2.0
1.0
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
X, g/l
17
Clarification Failure
8.0
7.0
G, Kg/m2-hr
18
Flow Increase
8.0
7.0
G, Kg/m2-hr
19
Change Settling Properties
8.0
7.0
G, Kg/m2-hr
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
X, g/l
20
Optimizing RAS Rate
8.0
7.0
G, Kg/m2-hr
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0 RAS rate too high
2.0
1.0
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
X, g/l
6.0
5.0 Lower RAS
4.0 pumping, higher
3.0 RAS concentration
2.0
1.0
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
X, g/l
22
State Point Analysis
8.0
7.0
State Point Analysis is a useful
G, Kg/m2-hr
6.0
5.0 tool for both designers and
4.0 operators to graphically
3.0 understand the dynamics of an
2.0 activated sludge clarifier.
1.0
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
X, g/l
23
State Point Analysis
Questions ?
24