Examples of Correlation

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Calculate and analyze the correlation coefficient between the number of study hours and the number of
sleeping hours of different students.

Number of Study hours 2 4 6 8 10

Number of Sleeping hours 10 9 8 7 6

Solution:

The necessary calculation is given below:

XX YY (X−X¯¯¯¯)( (Y−Y¯¯¯¯)( (X−X¯¯¯¯)(Y−Y¯¯¯¯) (X−X¯¯¯¯)2( (Y−Y¯¯¯¯)2(

X−X¯) Y−Y¯) (X−X¯)(Y−Y¯) X−X¯)2 Y−Y¯)2
2 10 -4 +2 -8 16 4
4 9 -2 +1 -2 4 1
6 8 0 0 0 0 0
8 7 +2 -1 -2 4 1
10 6 +4 -2 -8 16 1
∑X= ∑Y= ∑(X−X¯¯¯¯ ∑(Y−Y¯¯¯¯ ∑(X−X¯¯¯¯)(Y−Y¯¯¯ ∑(X−X¯¯¯¯)2 ∑(Y−Y¯¯¯¯)2
30∑X 40∑Y )=0∑(X−X¯ )=0∑(Y−Y¯ ¯)=−20∑(X−X¯)(Y−Y¯ =40∑(X−X¯)2 =10∑(Y−Y¯)2
=30 =40 )=0 )=0 )=−20 =40 =10

X¯¯¯¯=∑Xn=305=6X¯=∑Xn=305=6 and Y¯¯¯¯=∑Yn=405=8Y¯=∑Yn=405=8

rXY=∑(X−X¯¯¯¯¯)(Y−Y¯¯¯¯)∑(X−X¯¯¯¯¯)2∑(Y−Y¯¯¯¯)2√=−2020=−1rXY=∑(X−X¯)(Y−Y¯)∑(X−X¯)2∑(Y−Y¯)2=−
2020=−1

There is perfect negative correlation between the number of study hours and the number of sleeping hours.

Example:

From the following data, compute the coefficient of correlation between XX and YY:

XX Series XX Series
 Number if Items 15 15
Arithmetic Mean 25 18
Sum of Square Deviations 136 138

Summation of products of deviations of XX and XX series from their arithmetic means = 122.

Solution:

Here n=15, X¯¯¯¯=25, Y¯¯¯¯=18, ∑(X−X¯¯¯¯)2=∑(Y−Y¯¯¯¯)2=138n=15, X¯=25, Y¯=18, ∑(X−X¯

)2=∑(Y−Y¯)2=138
∑(X−X¯¯¯¯)2(Y−Y¯¯¯¯)2=122∑(X−X¯)2(Y−Y¯)2=122 and hence

r=∑(X−X¯¯¯¯)(Y−Y¯¯¯¯)∑(X−X¯¯¯¯)2∑(Y−Y¯¯¯¯)2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√=122(1
36)(138)−−−−−−−−−√=122137=0.89