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Touchstone 2nd Edition • Language summary • Level 1
Unit 1 • Lesson A: Hello and good-bye

Vocabulary
Saying hello
Hello. / Hey. / Hi.
Good morning.
How are you?
How are you doing?
I'm fine, (thanks).
How about you?
OK. / Good. / Pretty good.
Nice to meet you.
Saying good-bye
Bye. / Good-bye.
Good night.
Have a nice day.
Have a good evening.
You too.
Have a good weekend.
See you.
See you later.
See you next week.
See you tomorrow.
Other words
I (pron)
you (pron)
be: am, are (v)
Thank you. / Thanks.
© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 1, Lesson A, Page 1

Unit 1 • Lesson B: Names

Vocabulary
Personal information
married (adj)
single (adj)
first name (n)
last name (n)
middle name (n)
nickname (n)
Titles
Miss (n)
Mrs. (n)
Ms. (n)
Mr. (n)
School
class (n)
room (n)
student (n)
teacher (n)
Languages
English (n)
French (n)
Determiners
a
an
the
© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 1, Lesson B, Page 1

Other words
different (adj)
same (adj)
my (adj)
your (adj)
here (adv)
not (adv)
and (conj)
we (pron)
No.
Yes.
Grammar
The verb be: I, you, and we
I, you, and we are pronouns:
• Use I for yourself.
• Use you for another person / other people.
• Use we for yourself and another person / other
people. The verb be has contractions and full forms:
Contractions Full forms

I'm I am
you're you are
we're we are
Affirmative statements
Use pronoun + contraction of be:
I'm Jenny.
You're in Room G.
We're in different classes.

Negative statements
Use pronoun + contraction of be + not:
I'm not Carmen.
You're not in Room B.
We're not in the same class.
Yes-No questions and short answers
Yes-No questions are questions that you can answer with Yes or No.
You can use be + pronoun to ask Yes-No questions:
Are you Jenny?
Am I in Room B?
Are we in the same class?
Affirmative short answers
Use Yes + pronoun + full form of be:
A Are you Jenny?
B Yes, I am.
Negative short answers
Use No + pronoun + contraction of be + not:
A Are we in the same class?
B No, we're not.

Unit 1 • Lesson C: Personal information

Vocabulary
Numbers
zero (n)
one (n)
two (n)
three (n)
four (n)
five (n)
six (n)
seven (n)
eight (n)
nine (n)
ten (n)
Personal information
email address (n)
ID number (n)
middle initial (n)
passport number (n)
(tele)phone number (n)
Other words
new (adj)
today (adv)
(gym) member (n)
(gym) pass (n)
. = dot (email) (n)
@ = at (email) (prep)
it (pron)
please
© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 1, Lesson C, Page 1

Touchstone 2nd Edition • Language summary •
Level 1 Grammar
What's . . . ?, It's . . .
Use What's (= What is) to ask a question:
What's your name?
Use a form of be to answer a question with What's . . . ?:
• What's your name?
• My name's Victor Lopez. (= My name is . . . )
You can use It's (= It is) to answer a question with What's . . . ?:
C What's your email address?
D It's vlopez6@cup.org. (= It is . . . )

Unit 1 • Lesson D: Are you here for the concert?

Vocabulary
beautiful (adj)
concert (n)
Conversation strategies
How about you?
In a conversation you can use How about you? to ask someone the same question:
• Hi. How are you doing?
• Pretty good. How about you? (= How are you doing?)
E Good, thanks.
Everyday expressions
More formal
Use more formal expressions with people you don't know very well – your teacher, at
work, etc.:
Yes.
Thank you.
Hello.
How are you?
I'm fine.
Good-bye.
© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 1, Lesson D, Page 1

Less formal
Use less formal expressions with people that you know very well – with your
friends, your family, etc.:
Yeah.
Thanks.
Hi.
How are you doing?
OK. / Pretty good. / Good.
Bye. / See you. / See you later.

Unit 2 • Lesson A: Classmates

Vocabulary
Location expressions
at home / work
at (the library / the gym)
in class
over there
Adjectives
asleep (adj)
late (for class) (adj)
sick (adj)
Other words
again (adv)
he (pron)
she (pron)
they (pron)
be: is, are (v)
Grammar
The verb be: he, she, and they
He, she and they are pronouns:
• Use he for a man or a boy.
• Use she for a woman or a girl.
• Use they for two or more people.

The verb be has contractions and full forms:
Contractions Full forms

he's he is
she's she is
they're they are
You can use one of these pronouns + be to make a statement about another person.
He's at work.
She's sick.
They're late.
Use a name or pronoun + a form of be:
Hiroki's at work. He's at work.
Ellen's sick. She's sick.
Carmen and Suzanna are late. They're late.
Negative statements
Use a name or pronoun + a form of be + not:
Hiroki's not here. He's not here.
Ellen's not in class. She's not in class.
Carmen and Suzanna are not here. They're not here.

Use be + a name or pronoun to ask Yes-No questions:
Is Hiroki at work?
Is she in class?
Are they late?
F Is Hiroki at work?
G Yes, he is.
C Are they late?

D Yes, they are.
A Is Ellen sick?
B No, she's not.
A Are they here?

B No, they're not.

Unit 2 • Lesson B: What's in your bag?

Vocabulary
Personal items
(computer) bag (n)
cell phone (n)
credit card (n)
glasses (n)
headphones (n)
keys (n)
laptop (n)
sunglasses (n)
umbrella (n)
wallet (n)
watch (n)
water bottle (n)
Things for class

book (n)
English book (n)
eraser (n)
highlighter (n)
notebook (n)
online dictionary (n)
pen (n)
pencil (n)
scissors (n)
Food
orange (n)
sandwich (n)
snack (n)

People
child (children) (n)
man (men) (n)
woman (women) (n)
Other words
head (n)
jeans (n)
it (pron)
this (pron)
these (pron)
Grammar
This and these
You can use This + is to make a statement about a singular noun:
This is a cell phone.
You can use These + are to make a statement about a plural noun:
These are headphones.
Yes-No questions with this and these
You can use Is + this to ask a question about a singular noun:
Is this your cell phone?
You can use Are + these to ask a question about a plural noun:
Are these your headphones?

• Is this your cell phone?

• Yes, it is.
H Are these your headphones?

I Yes, they are.
E Is this your cell phone?

F No, it's not.
C Are these your headphones?

D No, they're not.
Information questions with this or these
To ask a question about a singular noun, you can use:
What's this?
Use It's to answer:
It's a cell phone.
Remember, 's is the contraction of is.
To ask a question about a plural noun, you can use:
What are these?
Use They're to answer:
They're headphones.
Remember, 're is the contraction of are.

Noun plurals
Nouns are things or people. A noun can be singular or plural. A singular noun is one thing
or person: bag (= 1 bag). A plural noun is two or more things or people: bags (= 2+ bags).
Regular plurals
You can add -s to a singular noun to make it plural:
a bag bags a key keys
For these singular endings use -es to make plural nouns:
(-ss) a class classes (-sh) a brush brushes
(-ch) a watch watches (-x) a box boxes
For singular nouns ending in consonant + y change y to ies to make plural nouns:
a dictionary dictionaries
Remember, a consonant is any letter that is not a, e, i, o, or u.
Irregular plurals
Some nouns are irregular and have different plurals:
a man men
a woman women
a child children
Nouns that are only plural
Some nouns are only plural and do not change:
glasses
sunglasses
scissors

jeans

Unit 2 • Lesson C: In the classroom

Vocabulary
in (the closet)
in front of (the board)
next to (the window)
on (the table)
on the wall / floor
right here
under (your desk)
Things in a classroom
board (n)
calendar (n)
CD player (n)
chair (n)
clock (n)
computer (n)
desk (n)
drawer (n)
homework (paper) (n)
map (n)
marker (n)
poster (n)
table (n)
TV (n)
wastebasket (n)
workbook (n)
Clothes
coat (n)

Places in the room

closet (n)
floor (n)
wall (n)
window (n)
Grammar
Questions with Where
To ask where something is, use Where's + a singular noun:
Where's the teacher’s coat?
Remember, 's is the contraction of is.
Use Where are + a plural noun:
Where are the students' test papers?
a / an vs. the
You can use a / an or the to say where something is. A / an is an indefinite article.
Use a / an when you don't know exactly where something is:
• Where's the teacher’s coat?
• It's on a desk. (I don't know which desk.)
The is a definite article. Use the when everyone knows the place where something is:
J Where's the teacher’s coat?
K It's on the desk. (We know which desk.)

Possessive 's and s'

You can use possessives to show the owner of something.
Singular
When the owner is one person, use name / singular noun + 's:
Ms. Moore's desk (= Ms. Moore owns the desk. It is her desk.)
the teacher's books (= The teacher owns the books.)
Plural
When the owner is more than one person, use plural noun + ':
the students' books (= The students own the books.)

Unit 2 • Lesson D: How do you spell it?

Vocabulary
Classroom instructions
answer (v)
close (v)
listen (to) (v)
look (at) (v)
open (v)
read (v)
write (v)
Asking for help in class
Here are some common expressions that you can use in class if you need help:
• Asking for a word in English

What's the word for this in English?
L Asking for a spelling in English

How do you spell highlighter?
How do you spell it?
G Asking to borrow something

Can I borrow an eraser, please?
E Asking someone to repeat something

(Excuse me.) Can you repeat that, please?
C Asking for the page number
(Excuse me.) What page?

Common expressions and responses

Here are some expressions that you can use to respond to Thank you and I'm sorry:
• When people say, "Thank you," you can say, "You're welcome."
• When people say, "Thanks," you can say, "Sure."
• When people say, "I'm sorry," you can say, "That's OK."
• When people say, "I'm sorry. I don't know," you can say, "That's OK. Thanks anyway."

Unit 3 • Lesson A: Celebrities

Vocabulary
Free time
band (n)
movie (n)
music (n)
Positive descriptions
amazing (adj)
exciting (adj)
favorite (adj)
good (adj)
great (adj)
Possessive adjectives
my
your
his
her
our
their
Professions
actor (n)
artist (n)
soccer player (n)
singer (n)
writer (n)

Sports
(tennis) match (n)
(soccer) player (n)
sport (n)
team (n)
Other words
famous (adj)
always (adv)
really (adv)
very (adv)
so (conj)
celebrity (n)
(sports) fan (n)
be in statements
I'm
you're
he's
she's
we're
they're
Grammar
Be in statements
You can use a pronoun + contraction of be to make statements:
I'm a Johnny Depp fan.
She's a famous singer.
They're tennis players.

Remember, you use the indefinite article a / an with singular nouns but not with plural nouns:
He's an actor.
We're Giants fans.
Possessive adjectives
My, your, his, her, our, and their are possessive adjectives. They show the owner of something.
Pronouns Possessive adjectives

I my
you your
he his
she her
we our
they their
You can use possessive adjectives instead of pronouns with be to make statements:
I'm a Johnny Depp fan. My favorite actor is Johnny Depp. His new movie is great.
She's a famous singer. Her voice is amazing.
They're tennis players. Their matches are exciting.
We're Giants fans. Our favorite team is the Giants.

Unit 3 • Lesson B: People we know

Vocabulary
Categories of people
best friend (n)
boss (n)
classmate (n)
co-worker (n)
neighbor (n)
student (n)
a friend from high school (n)
School and work

college (n)
high school (n)
job (n)
Describing personality
friendly (adj)
fun (adj)
lazy (adj)
nice (adj)
OK (adj)
outgoing (adj)
quiet (adj)
shy (adj)
smart (adj)
strict (adj)

General descriptions
busy (adj)
easy (adj)
tired (adj)
Positive descriptions
interesting (adj)
Grammar
Yes-No questions with be
Yes-No questions are questions that you can answer with Yes or No.
You can use be + pronoun in Yes-No questions:
Am I late?
Are you busy?
Is he tired?
Affirmative short answers with be
• Am I late?
• Yes, you are.
Negative short answers with be
M Is she strict?
N No, she's not.

Negatives statements with be

You can use a pronoun + contraction of be + not to make a negative statement:
You're not late.
I'm not busy.
We're not late.
Is has two negative contractions:
She's not strict.
Use isn't when 's not is hard to say.
My boss isn't strict.
Are also has two negative contractions:
They're not nice.
Use aren't when 're not is hard to say.
My co-workers aren't nice.

Unit 3 • Lesson C: Family

Vocabulary
Numbers
(10) ten (n)
(11) eleven (n)
(12) twelve (n)
(13) thirteen (n)
(14) fourteen (n)
(15) fifteen (n)
(16) sixteen (n)
(17) seventeen (n)
(18) eighteen (n)
(19) nineteen (n)
(20) twenty (n)
(21) twenty-one (n)
(22) twenty-two (n)
(23) twenty-three (n)
(24) twenty-four (n)
(25) twenty-five (n)
(26) twenty-six (n)
(27) twenty-seven (n)
(28) twenty-eight (n)
(29) twenty-nine (n)
(30) thirty (n)
(40) forty (n)
(50) fifty (n)
(60) sixty (n)
(70) seventy (n)
(80) eighty (n)
(90) ninety (n)
(100) one hundred (n)
(101) a hundred and one (n)

Family
parents (n)
father (dad) (n)
mother (mom) (n)
husband (n)
wife (n)
children (n)
daughter (n)
son (n)
brother (n)
sister (n)
aunt (n)
uncle (n)
cousin (n)
grandparents (n)
grandfather (grandpa) (n)
grandmother (grandma) (n)
Other words
pretty (adj)
now (adv)
Grammar
Information questions with be
Use question word + be + subject (you, he, she, this, they, or noun) to ask an
information question. Answers to information questions are not Yes or No.
• Use What . . . ? in questions about things:
What are their names?
Linda and Carlos.

O Use What . . . like? to ask someone to describe a person or thing:
What's she like? Remember, 's is the contraction of is from the verb be.
She's very smart.
H Use Who . . . ? in questions about people:
Who's this?
Who's that?
It's my grandmother.
This is . . .
That is . . .
I Use Where . . . ? in questions about places:
Where are they today?
They're at home.
J Use Where . . . from? in questions about hometowns or countries:
Where are your grandparents from
(originally)? They're from Texas.
K Use How . . . ? in questions about people's health and situations:
How are your parents?
They're fine, thanks.
L Use How old . . . ? in questions about ages:
How old are you?
I'm twenty-three (years old).

Unit 3 • Lesson D: A songwriter? Really?

Vocabulary
Showing interest and reacting positively
Good.
Great!
Really?
Wow!
Oh?
Oh.
Other words
a friend of mine (n)
painter (n)
Showing interest
You can ask a question to show you are interested in a conversation:
• She's an artist.
• Yeah. Where's she from?
You can also repeat a word or words to show you are interested in a conversation:
P She's from Paris originally.

Q Paris? Wow. Is she a professional artist?
Really?
You can say Really? to show you are interested or surprised:
M It’s a painting. I know the artist.

N Really? It’s great.

Unit 4 • Lesson A: In the morning

Vocabulary
Food and drink
breakfast (n)
lunch (n)
coffee (n)
tea (n)
Free time
exercise (n)
newspaper (n)
game (n)
go on the internet (v)
listen to (music) (v)
play (games on the computer) (v)
read (the newspaper) (v)
watch (TV / videos) (v)
Routine activities
check (my) email (v)
do homework (v)
drive to work (v)
eat (breakfast) (v)
exercise (v)
get up (early / late) (v)
have (breakfast / coffee) (v)
read (v)
sing in the shower (v)
study (v)
talk (v)
watch (v)

Level 1 Routine verbs
drive (v)
like (v)
work (v)
Other words
crazy (adj)
noisy (adj)
a lot (adv)
early (in the morning) (adv)
late (at night) (adv)
pretty (quiet) (adv)
alarm clock (n)
radio (n)
homework (n)
work (n)

Level 1 Grammar
Simple present statements
You can use the simple present to talk about routines and things that are
always true. Affirmative statements
• Use verb with I, you, we, and
they: I eat breakfast.
They read the paper.
• Use regular verb + -s / -es / -ies with he, she,
and it: He listens to the radio.
She watches TV.
He studies English.
Negative statements
R Use don't (= do not) + verb with I, you, we, and
they: You don't have tea.
We don't get up early.
S Use doesn't (= does not) + verb with he, she,
and it: He doesn't listen to CDs.
She doesn't watch videos.

Verb endings: he, she, and it
Verbs with he, she, and it end in -s or -es.
• Add -s to most verbs He gets up late.
• Add -es to verbs ending in -ch She watches TV.
• Add -s to verbs ending in a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) + -y He plays video games.
• Add -ies to verbs ending in a consonant + -y She studies in the morning.
Remember, a consonant is any letter that is not a vowel.
Irregular verbs
The irregular verbs have, do and go have different endings with he, she, and it:
He has coffee.
She does her homework.
My brother goes on the Internet.

Unit 4 • Lesson B: Routines

Vocabulary
Activities
clean the house (v)
do the laundry (v)
go out (v)
go shopping (v)
have a weekly routine (v)
have a busy week (v)
make phone calls (v)
play on a team (v)
play sports / soccer / tennis (v)
spend time with (your family) (v)
take a class (v)
Days of the week

Monday (n)
Tuesday (n)
Wednesday (n)
Thursday (n)
Friday (n)
Saturday (n)
Sunday (n)
Time expressions
after class
at night
before breakfast
every day
on Monday(s)
on (the) weekends / on the weekend
in the morning(s) / afternoon(s) / evening(s)

Auxiliary verbs
do
don't
does
doesn't
Other words
house (n)
in (class) (prep)
together (adv)
Grammar
Simple present: Yes-No questions and short answers
Use Do + I / you / we / they / a plural noun + verb to ask a Yes-No question in
the simple present:
Do you go to a class in the evening?
Do your friends call you at night?
Use Does + he / she / a singular noun + verb:
Does she play sports?
Does your mother work on the weekends?
Use Yes + I / you / we / they + do:
• Do you go to a class in the evening?

• Yes, I do.
T Do your friends call you at night?

U No, they don't.

Use Yes + he / she + does:
O Does your mother work on the weekends?

P Yes, she does.
Use No + I / you / we / they + don't (= do not):
F Do you and your friends play sports after class?

G No, we don't.
Use No + he / she + doesn't (= does not):
D Does your mother work on the weekends?

E No, she doesn't.

Unit 4 • Lesson C: Do you work out every day?

Vocabulary
Activities
have a part-time job (v)
run (v)
Routine verbs
come (v)
know (v)
live (v)
see (v)
Other words
big (adj)
chess (n)
law student (n)
around here
about 10 miles away
Saying more than yes or no
To be friendly you can say more than yes or no:
• Oh, are you a student?

• Yeah. Well, I'm a part-time law student.
V Oh, so do you live around here?

W No. I live about ten miles away.

Well . . .
You can start an answer to a question with Well . . . if you need time to think or if the
answer is not a simple yes or no:
Q Do you work out every day?
R No. Well, I come here before class.
H Are you from here originally?

I Well, I'm from Chicago originally, . . .

Unit 4 • Lesson D: On average

Vocabulary
Free time
music (n)
Routine activities
receive text messages (v)
send text messages (v)
spend time (on the phone) (v)
spend time online (v)
Frequency expressions
five hours a month
one night a week
three times a day / week
Other words
restaurant (n)
teenager (n)
(spend time) with (prep)
drink (v)
on average

Level 1 Writing
Capitals and periods
Periods
This is a period .
Use a period at the end of your sentences:
Marisa is a new student in the class. She's from Rio originally.
Capitals
These are CAPITAL letters: A B C D E . . . . Use a CAPITAL letter for:
• the pronoun I
I watch TV 10 hours a week.
X a new sentence
She has a busy week. She has English classes over 18 hours a week.
S people's names
Marisa is a new student in the class.
J the names of places
She's from Rio originally.
F names of languages
She takes a Chinese class.
• days of the week
She takes a Chinese class on Saturdays.

Unit 5 • Lesson A: Going out

Vocabulary
Free-time activities
eat out (v)
go to a club (v)
go to the gym (v)
go to the movies (v)
meet (my) friends (v)
play music (v)
relax (v)
rent (a movie) (v)
Time expressions
every night
once a week
on Friday night(s)
two or three times a day / week
twice a month
Other words
boyfriend (n)
girlfriend (n)
(the) movies (n)
in (your free time) (prep)
to (the gym) (prep)
sleep late (v)

Level 1 Grammar
Simple present information questions
Information questions start with a question word. These are question words:
How often, What, When, Where, and Who
Simple present information questions are: Question word + do / does + subject + verb . . . ?
Use do with you, we, and they:
What do you do in your free time?
Where do they go on Saturday nights?
Use does with he and she:
How often does he eat out?
When does she go out?

Unit 5 • Lesson B: TV shows

Vocabulary
Frequency expressions
always (adv)
usually (adv)
often (adv)
sometimes (adv)
hardly ever (adv)
never (adv)
Television shows
cartoon (n)
(the) commercials (n)
documentary (n)
game show (n)
reality show (n)
sitcom (n)
soap opera (n)
talk show (n)
the late movie (n)
the morning show (n)
the news (n)
Other words
delicious (adj)
during (the commercials) (prep)
in (English) (prep)
in front of (the TV) (prep)

Level 1 Grammar
Frequency adverbs
Always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever and never are frequency adverbs.
You can use frequency adverbs to talk about how often you do something:
always means all the time
usually means most of the time
often means a lot
sometimes means not often
hardly ever means almost never
never means not ever
Frequency adverbs usually come between the subject / pronoun and the verb in a sentence:
I always eat in front of the TV.
You can also use the frequency adverbs sometimes, usually, and often at the
start of a sentence:
Sometimes I eat in front of the TV.

Unit 5 • Lesson C: Do you go straight home?

Vocabulary
Routine activities
buy (v)
get home (v)
go shopping (v)
go straight home (v)
take a break (v)
Other words
cheap (adj)
terrible (adj)
club (n)
music (n)
on weeknights
Asking questions in two ways
People often ask a question in two ways. This makes the questions clear and not too direct:
So what do you do after class? Do you go straight home?
How do you usually get home after class? Do you take the subway or the bus?
I mean
You can use I mean to repeat your ideas or to say more about something:
• Where do you go? I mean, do you go somewhere nice?
• Do you know Fabio's? It's OK. I mean, the food's good, . . .

Unit 5 • Lesson D: Technology addicts

Vocabulary
Linking words
and (conj)
but (conj)
Technology
computer / video games (n)
website (n)
call (v)
go online (v)
log on / onto (v)
send email (v)
take photos (v)
Writing
Linking ideas with and and but
and
You can use and to link words or sentences with similar information or ideas:
I want a computer. I need some advice.
I want a new computer, and I need some advice.
Remember to erase the period and write a comma when you link two sentences with
similar ideas.
You can also use and to link sentences with additional information (to link nouns):
I have a smart phone. I have a desktop.
I have a smart phone and a desktop.

but
You can use but to link sentences with different information or ideas:
I have a smart phone, and a desktop. I need something for class.
I have a smart phone and a desktop, but I need something for class.
Remember to erase the period and write a comma when you link two sentences with but.

Unit 6 • Lesson A: Nice places

Vocabulary
Places in cities and neighborhoods
apartment building (n)
city (n)
fast-food place (n)
mall (n)
movie theater (n)
museum (n)
outdoor café (n)
park (n)
post office (n)
stadium (n)
store (n)
subway station (n)
supermarket (n)
swimming pool (n)
Quantity expressions
a couple of
a lot of
no (There's no mall.)
some
Adjectives
beautiful
boring
convenient
expensive
little
small

Other words
need (v)
Grammar
There's and There are
You can use There's (= There is) and There are to say what is in a place.
Use There's / There is + a singular noun (= 1 thing):
There's a park in my neighborhood.
Use There are + a plural noun (= 2 or more things):
There are three restaurants.
Quantifiers
A / an both mean one. Use a / an with singular nouns:
There's a park. (The first letter of park is not a, e, i, o, or u.)
There's an outdoor café. (The first letter of outdoor café is o.)
There's one park and there's one outdoor café.
Quantifiers give information about numbers:
• a lot of means many
• a couple of means two or three – a small number
• some means more than two
• no means not any

Use a lot of, a couple of and some with plural nouns:
There are a lot of restaurants.
There are some outdoor cafés.
There are a couple of movie theaters.
Use no with singular or plural nouns:
There's no mall.
There are no clubs.
Adjectives before nouns

You can use adjectives to describe your neighborhood.
Adjectives usually come before nouns:
There's a small park in my neighborhood.
There are some expensive stores.

Unit 6 • Lesson B: What time is it?

Vocabulary
Asking and saying the time
What time . . . ?
What time is it?
It's 10:00 a.m.
It's 2:00 p.m.
It's (eleven) o'clock.
It's (five) after (two).
It's a quarter after (two).
It's ten-thirty.
It's a quarter to (nine).
It's six-forty-five.
It's (ten) to (nine).
It's midnight.
It's noon.
Time expressions
about (seven o'clock)
around (seven o'clock)
at (five) o'clock
tomorrow night
Free time
art exhibit (n)
event (n)
jazz concert (n)
play (n)
seat (n)
soccer match (n)

Other words
free (adj)
finish work / school (v)
go to bed (v)
leave work / school (v)
start (v)
Grammar
Asking questions about time
You can ask the time like this:
What time is it?
You can use What time do / does . . . ? to ask what time something happens.
Use does with a singular noun:
What time does the concert start?
Use do with a plural noun:
What time do supermarkets close?
Use do with you:
What time do you go out at night?
Answering questions about time

Use It's to say the time:
• What time is it?
• It's 6:30.

Use at to give times:
Y What time does the concert start?
Z It starts at nine o'clock.
Use about or at about to give approximate times ("approximate" means not exact):
T What time do supermarkets close?
U They close (at) about 10:00 p.m.
You can also use around to give approximate times:
K What time do you go out at night?
L Usually around 8:00 or 8:30.
Remember, after he, she, it the verb ends in -s:
I / You / We / They start . . .
He/ She / It starts . . .
Suggestions with Let's

A suggestion is an idea to do something. You can use Let's + verb to make a suggestion:
Let’s go to the concert.
Let's meet at 6:45.
Let's get there early.
You can use That sounds . . . to agree with a Let's . . . suggestion:
That sounds like fun.

Unit 6 • Lesson C: Me too!

Vocabulary
hungry (adj)
starving (adj)
Me too and Me neither
You can use Me too or Me neither to show you have something in common with
someone. It means you are the same or you have the same ideas.
Use Me too after an affirmative statement:
• I just love this neighborhood.
• Me too.
Use Me neither after a negative statement:
AA I don't like concerts.
BB Me neither.
You can use Really? and give a different opinion when you don't have something in
common or when you disagree with someone:
V I live in an exciting neighborhood.
W Really? I live in a boring neighborhood.

Right and I know

You can use Right and I know to show you agree with an opinion. It means you have
the same idea:
A There are some great restaurants in this neighborhood.
M Right. But they're expensive.
G Yeah, I know.
You can also use Right and I know to show you are listening.

Unit 6 • Lesson D: A neighborhood guide

Vocabulary
Places in cities and neighborhoods
boutique (n)
comedy club (n)
jewelry store (n)
Prepositions
at + location
at + phone number
at + time
between + times
for (more information)
from (time) to (time)
in + city
on (the weekends)
on + street
(day) through (day)
Time expressions
between (9:00) and (5:00)
from (6:00) to (10:00)
Monday through Saturday
Other words
best (adj)
popular (adj)
unusual (adj)
poetry reading (n)
go window shopping (v)

Level 1 Writing
Prepositions with time and place
Prepositions often give information about time and places.
• Use at with an exact time: The
concert is at 5 p.m.
• Use on with the weekend:
There are free concerts on the weekend.
CC Use between or from . . . to with start and end
times: Call between 9:00 and 5:00.
The café is open from 9:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.
DD Use through with start and end days:
The store is open Monday through Saturday.
X Use at with buildings:
The concert is at the stadium.
N Use on with streets and in with neighborhoods:
Wilson Park is on Green Street in Fairview.
O You can also use at before a phone number:
Call the Park Office at 686-555-2400 for more information.

Unit 7 • Lesson A: Away for the weekend

Vocabulary
Weather
weather (n)
cloudy (adj)
cold (adj)
hot (adj)
humid (adj)
sunny (adj)
warm (adj)
windy (adj)
rain (v)
snow (v)
Seasons
spring (n
summer (n)
fall (n)
winter (n)
dry season (n)
rainy season (n)
in the spring / summer / fall / winter
in the dry season / rainy season
Sports and exercise

swim (v)
ski (v)
at the beach
away for the weekend

I'm calling from Lake Tahoe.

Other words
baseball game (n)
come over (v)
have fun (v)
talk (about) (v)
Grammar
Present continuous statements
Use the present continuous to talk about right now or today.
Use subject + be + verb + -ing:
I'm calling from home.

It's raining right now.
Negative statements
Use subject + be + not + verb + -ing:
You're not working today.
She's not skiing with a friend.
The contractions isn't (= is not) or aren't (= are not) often follow nouns:
Marcos isn't working.
Marcos and Bill aren't swimming.

Spelling
• For most verbs, add -ing:

work working
ski skiing
play playing
• For verbs ending in a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) + the letter b, g, m, n, p, or t, double

the last letter and add -ing:
swim swimming
• For verbs ending in e, remove the e and add

-ing: have having

Unit 7 • Lesson B: Sports and exercise

Vocabulary
Sports and exercise
bike (v)
bowl (v)
do aerobics (v)
do karate (v)
do weight training (v)
get exercise (v)
go biking (v)
go bowling (v)
go running (v)
play basketball (v)
play football (v)
play volleyball (v)
run (v)
train (v)
walk (v)
Time expressions
in (two) hours
right now
these days
this morning
this season / semester
this week / month / year

Auxiliary verbs (present continuous)

am
are
aren't
is
isn't
Other words
exam (n)
study for an exam (v)
work very hard (v)
Grammar
Present continuous questions
Information questions
Use question word + be + subject (pronoun / noun) + verb + -ing to ask an
information question:
What are you doing these days?
What is Carl watching on TV?
Who's he talking to?
Information questions with who as the subject
In some information questions, the question word is the subject.
Use question word + be + verb + -ing to ask an information question with who as the subject:
• Who's playing?
• The Yankees.
EE Who's watching the game?

FF Carl.


Use be + subject (pronoun / noun) + verb + -ing to ask a Yes-No question in the
present continuous:
Are you studying hard?
Is Carl watching the game?
Short answers for present continuous Yes-No questions are like short answers with be.
Use Yes / No + pronoun + be (+ not):
Y Are you studying hard?

Z Yes, I am.
P Is Carl watching the game?

Q No, he's not.
Use contractions for negative short answers but not for positive short answers.
Time expressions
You can use the present continuous to talk about right now or around now:
I'm watching TV right now.
I'm working very hard this semester.
Right now and this semester are time expressions.
Here are some time expressions you can use with the present continuous:
right now
today
this morning
this week
this month
this year
this season
this semester
these days

Unit 7 • Lesson C: How's it going?

Vocabulary
Free-time activities
scuba diving (n)
yoga (n)
be on vacation (v)
have a great time (v)
Learning activities
learn (v)
study math / science (v)
take a course (v)
Other words
course (n)
enjoy (v)
sleep (v)
for a week
Asking follow-up questions
You can use follow-up questions to keep a conversation going.
Use them to ask more about a topic:
• Are you here on vacation?
• Yeah, I'm here for a week.
GG That's cool / great / wonderful! Are you enjoying Laguna Beach?

That's . . .
You can use expressions with That's . . . to react to news.
Use these expressions to react to good news:
That's good / great / nice / interesting / cool / wonderful.
For example:
AA I'm here for a week.
BB That's great!
Use these expressions to react to bad news:
That's too bad / terrible.
For example:
R I'm feeling really tired.
S Oh, that's too bad.

Unit 7 • Lesson D: Staying in shape

Vocabulary
Sports and exercise
exergame (n)
personal trainer (n)
Other words
find (a teacher) (v)
make (new friends) (v)
Writing
Imperatives for advice
You can use imperatives to give advice:
Find a fun teacher.
Make new friends.
For negative imperatives use Don't (= Do not) + verb:
Don't be shy!
Don't miss a class!

Unit 8 • Lesson A: Clothes

Vocabulary
Clothes
(silk) blouse (n)
cardigan (n)
designer clothes (n)
dress (n)
(high) heels (n)
jacket (n)
jeans (n)
outfit (n)
pants (n)
shoes (n)
skirt (n)
sneakers (n)
suit (n)
sweater (n)
sweatpants (n)
sweatshirt (n)
tie (n)
top (n)
T-shirt (n)
uniform (n)
Talking about clothes

casual (adj)
(something) comfortable (adj)
dressy (adj)
old (adj)
look (good) (v)
put on (v)
wear (v)

wear a suit and tie (v)

Other words
accountant (n)
advertising executive (n)
high school student (n)
tonight (n)
get (v)
have to (do something) (v)
like to (do something) (v)
need to (do something) (v)
pay (for) (v)
spend money / time (v)
want to (do something) (v)
Grammar
Like to, want to, need to, have to
After the verbs want and like, you can use to + verb:
• What do you want to wear tonight?

• I want to wear my new outfit.
HH What kinds of clothes does Bethany like to wear to work?

II She doesn't like to wear casual clothes to work.
Use need to + verb and have to + verb to talk about needs and rules:
CC What do you need to buy?

DD I need to get some sneakers.
T What does Emre have to wear to work? Does he have to wear a suit?
U Yes, he does. He has to wear a suit and tie.

Unit 8 • Lesson B: Things to buy

Vocabulary
Colors
black (adj)
blue (adj)
brown (adj)
gray (adj)
green (adj)
orange (adj)
pink (adj)
red (adj)
white (adj)
yellow (adj)
Clothes
baseball cap (n)
belt (n)
boots (n)
coat (n)
gloves (n)
hat (n)
scarf (n)
socks (n)
Jewelry
(silver) bracelet (n)
earrings (n)
necklace (n)
ring (n)

Personal Items
backpack (n)
briefcase (n)
purse (n)
sunglasses (n)
watch (n)
Pronouns
this (scarf)
these (gloves)
that (watch)
those (sunglasses)
Other words
be on sale (v)
Grammar
How much . . . ?
You can use How much . . . ? to ask about prices.
One way to ask the price of something is:
How much is it? (for a singular noun)
How much are they? (for a plural noun)
Remember to use the simple present of be in both the question and answer:
• How much is it?

• It's $49.99.
JJHow much are they?

KK They're $125.

How much . . . ? with this and these

You can use this and these to ask about prices. Use this and these for things near to you.
Use this + a singular noun:
How much is this scarf?
Use these + a plural noun:
How much are these gloves?
You can also use this and these without a noun when people know what you mean:
How much is this? How much are these?
Use it / they + be to answer How much . . . ? questions:
EE How much is this (scarf)?

FF It's $49.99.
V How much are these (gloves)?

W They're $125.
Remember, the form of be matches the noun.
How much . . . ? with that and those

You can use that and those to ask about prices. Use that and those for things that are
not near to you.
Use that + a singular noun:
How much is that watch?
Use those + a plural noun:
How much are those sunglasses?
You can also use that and those without a noun when people know what you mean:
How much is that? How much are those?

Use it / they + be to answer How much . . . ? questions:
H How much is that (watch)?

I It's $475.
• How much are those (sunglasses)?

• They're $50.
Remember, the form of be matches the noun.

Unit 8 • Lesson C: Can I help you?

Vocabulary
Celebrations
gift (n)
(birthday) present (n)
Feelings
angry (adj)
surprised (adj)
upset (adj)
Other words
perfect (adj)
electronics (store) (n)
carry cash (v)
look (for) (v)
Taking time to think
When you need time to think, you can use expressions like these:
Well, . . .Let's see . . . Let me think . . . Uh, . . . Um, . . .
• Can I help you?
• Uh, yes. I'm looking for a bracelet.
You can use two or more of the expressions together:
LL How much do you want to spend?
MM Well, let's see . . . about $30.

Conversation sounds
People often use sounds like Uh-huh and Oh in conversations.
Uh-huh means "Yes, that's right," or "I'm listening":
GG Is it a gift?
HH Uh-huh.
Oh shows you're surprised, happy, upset, or angry:
X Let's see . . . It's $55.95.
Y Oh. That's a lot.

Unit 8 • Lesson D: Shop till you drop!

Vocabulary
because (conj)
Writing
Linking ideas with because to give reasons
You can use because to link an idea or statement with a reason. A reason answers the question
Why . . .?:
It's a great store. (= statement)

and
It sells designer clothes at very low prices. (= reason)
become:
It's a great store because it sells designer clothes at very low prices.

Unit 9 • Lesson A: Sightseeing

Vocabulary
Tourist activities
get a view of (the city) (v)
go to the top of (a tall building) (v)
see a show (v)
sit at an outdoor café (v)
take a bus tour (v)
take a ferry (to) (v)
take a walk (v)
take a walking tour (v)
visit historic areas (v)
walk around a neighborhood (v)
Travel and tourism

bridge (n)
castle (n)
historic district / area / site (n)
island (n)
New York (n)
palace (n)
pyramid (n)
souvenir (n)
statue (n)
tower (n)
zoo (n)
historic district / area / site (n)

Other words
first (adv)
through (Central Park) (prep)
on (a rainy day) (prep)
like (prep)
can (v)
can't (v)
Grammar
Can and can't for possibility
Statements
Use can to talk about things that are possible. Use subject + can + verb:
I can take a ferry.
Use can't (= can not / cannot) to talk about things that are not possible. Use subject +
can't + verb:
She can't see a show.
The form of can / can't is the same for all subjects (I, you, he, she, we, and they).
Questions
Use can to ask questions about things that are possible.
Use question word + can + subject + verb:
• What can you do in New York?

• You can do a million things.
NN Where can tourists go on a rainy day?

OO They can go to a Broadway show.

Yes-No questions
Use Can + subject + verb to ask a question:
Can we buy an umbrella here?
To answer, use Yes / No + subject + can / can't:
II Can we buy an umbrella here?

JJ Yes, you can. / No, you can't.

Unit 9 • Lesson B: Countries

Vocabulary
Countries
Australia (n)
Brazil (n)
Canada (n)
Chile (n)
China (n)
Colombia (n)
Costa Rica (n)
Ecuador (n)
Egypt (n)
France (n)
Germany (n)
Great Britain (n)
Honduras (n)
India (n)
Italy (n)
Jamaica (n)
Japan (n)
Kenya (n)
Mexico (n)
Morocco (n)
New Zealand (n)
Peru (n)
Portugal (n)
Russia (n)
South Africa (n)
South Korea (n)
Spain (n)
Thailand (n)
Turkey (n)
the United States (n)

Languages
Arabic (n)
Chinese (n)
French (n)
German (n)
Hindi (n)
Italian (n)
Japanese (n)
Korean (n)
Portuguese (n)
Russian (n)
Spanish (n)
Thai (n)
Turkish (n)
Nationalities
Brazilian (adj)
British (adj)
Chinese (adj)
Colombian (adj)
French (adj)
Indian (adj)
Italian (adj)
Japanese (adj)
Korean (adj)
Mexican (adj)
Peruvian (adj)
Spanish (adj)
Thai (adj)
Turkish (adj)

Continents and regions

the Caribbean (n)
Central America (n)
North America (n)
South America (n)
Africa (n)
Antarctica (n)
Asia (n)
Europe (n)
Oceania (n)
Grammar
Can and can't for ability
Statements
Use can and can't to talk about ability.
Use can to talk about things you do well:
I can speak Chinese.
Use can't to talk about things you don't do well, or don't do:
I can't speak Spanish.
Questions
Use can to ask questions about ability.
Use question word + noun + subject + verb:
• What languages can you speak?
• I can speak English and Chinese.

Yes-No questions
Use Can + subject + verb to ask a question:
Can you speak Spanish?
To answer, use Yes / No + subject + can / can't:
PP Can you speak Spanish?
QQ Yes, I can. / No, I can't.

Unit 9 • Lesson C: They're a kind of candy.

Vocabulary
Sweets and snacks
cake (n)
candy (n)
chocolate (n)
milkshake (n)
pancake (n)
sprinkles (n)
sugar (n)
Other food and drink

bread (n)
drink (n)
dessert (n)
juice (n)
soup (n)
Other words
traditional clothes / outfit (n)

Level 1 Conversation strategies

Explaining words
You can use the expressions a kind of and kind of like to explain a word:
• What are sprinkles?

• They're a kind of candy. (= they're a type of candy)
or
RR They're like sugar. (= they're similar to sugar)
or
KK They're kind of like sugar. (= they're a little similar to sugar
Like
You can use like to give examples:
You can put sprinkles on things like ice cream and cake.

Unit 9 • Lesson D: Exciting destinations

Vocabulary
Cities
Bangkok (n)
Beijing (n)
Bogotá (n)
London (n)
Moscow (n)
Paris (n)
Rio de Janeiro (n)
Travel and tourism

capital (city) (n)
temple (n)
tourist attraction (n)
Other words
river (n)
sunset (n)
travel abroad (v)
Writing
Commas in lists
This is a comma ,
Use commas when you write a list of three or more words:
Bangkok is famous for its palaces, temples, and beautiful river.
Remember, you don't use a comma when you link two words with and.

Unit 10 • Lesson A: A night at home

Vocabulary
Activities
cook dinner (v)
go grocery shopping (v)
invite (over) (v)
practice (a musical instrument) (v)
run errands (v)
stay home (v)
try to (do something) (v)
work late (v)
Free time
flute (n)
party (n)
computer / video game (n)
Other words
just (adv)
then (adv)
so (conj)
while (conj)
Past tense endings: regular verbs

chatted (chat) (v)
invited (invite) (v)
played (play) (v)
studied (study) (v)
watched (watch) (v)

Level 1 Grammar
Simple past statements – regular verbs
You can use the simple past to talk about the time before now – the past.
Use subject + verb + -ed:
I played a video game.
Negative statements
Use subject + didn't (= did not) + verb:
I didn't play chess.
The form of simple past is the same for all subjects (I, you, he, she, we, and they).
Simple past endings

Regular simple past verbs end in -ed.
• For most verbs add -ed:
He watched a movie.
• For verbs ending in -e, add –d:
My friends invited me to a party.
• For verbs ending in a consonant + -y, change the y to an i and

add -ed: You studied math.
• For verbs ending in a vowel and a consonant, double the consonant and
add -ed: They chatted online.
Remember, a consonant is any letter that is not a vowel (a, e, i, o, u).

Unit 10 • Lesson B: A busy week

Vocabulary
Activities
do (a lot of) work (v)
have an appointment (v)
have a piano lesson (v)
make a list (v)
take a test / an exam (v)
write a report (v)
Personal items
list (n)
note (n)
daily planner (n)
weekly planner (n)
Past tense endings: irregular verbs

bought (buy) (v)
did (do) (v)
got (get) (v)
had (have) (v)
made (make) (v)
met (meet) (v)
read (read) (v)
saw (see) (v)
took (take) (v)
went (go) (v)
wrote (write) (v)

Time expressions
yesterday
two days ago
last Friday / weekend
last night / week / month / year
last summer
Grammar
Simple past statements – irregular verbs
You can use the simple past to talk about the time before now – the past.
Use subject + simple past form of an irregular verb:
I saw three movies.
Remember, irregular simple past verbs have different endings than regular simple past verbs.
Negative statements
Use subject + didn't (=did not) + verb:
I didn't see three movies.
The form of simple past irregular verbs is the same for all subjects (I, you, he, she, we, and they).

Simple past – Yes-No questions

Use Did + subject + verb to ask a Yes-No question in the simple past:
Did he go out a lot last week?
Use did / didn't (= did not) to give a short answer to a Yes-No question:
• Did you go out a lot last week?

• Yes, I did.
SS Did he play tennis last weekend?

TT No, he didn't.
Remember, the form of did / didn't is the same for all subjects (I, you, he, she, we, and they).

Unit 10 • Lesson C: Congratulations!

Vocabulary
Activities
have an interview (v)
get a job (v)
go swimming (v)
pass a test (v)
take (my) driver's test (v)
Other words
bad (adj)
exhausted (adj)
relaxing (adj)
birthday (n)
cold (have / get a cold) (n)
driver's test (n)
interview (n)
hospital (n)
all week
You did?
You can say You did? or Did you? to show you're interested, surprised, or just
that you're listening:
• I passed my driver’s test.
• You did? / Did you?

Appropriate responses
There are lots of different expressions you can use to respond to people's news.
Say Congratulations! when someone does something good:
UU I got a new job.
VV Congratulations!
Say Good for you! when people do nice things for themselves or other people:
LL I had a really good week. I had to write a big essay, but I finished it.
MM You did? Good for you.
Say Thank goodness (for that)! when a good thing happens after a bad thing, or if a
bad thing doesn't happen:
Z I got the job.
AA You did? Thank goodness! I know you really wanted it.
Say Happy birthday! when it's someone's birthday:
J I'm twenty-one today!
K Happy birthday!
Say Good luck (with the interview)! before someone has an exam, interview, or game:
• I have a job interview this week.
• Good luck!
Say I'm sorry to hear that. when someone is feeling tired, sick, sad, or has bad news:
A I had a cold all week.
B I'm sorry to hear that.

Unit 10 • Lesson D: A blog

Vocabulary
after (conj)
before (conj)
when (conj)
problem (n)
after (class) (prep)
before (class) (prep)
ate (eat) (v)
remember (v)
Writing
Before, after, when, and then
You can use before, after, when, and then to show the order of actions or events.
Before and after
You can use before and after before a noun or clause (= part of a sentence):
I went to class at 11 a.m. I called a friend at 10 a.m.
I called a friend before class.
I called a friend before I went to class.
Before I went to class, I called a friend.
I left work at 4 p.m. I met a friend for coffee at 4:30 p.m.
I met a friend after work.
I met a friend after I left work.
After I left work, I met a friend.

When
You can use when for actions or events that happen at around the same time:
I went to bed when I came home.
When I came home, I went to bed.
Then
Use then to say what happened next:
I left work. Then I met a friend.
Remember to add a comma (,) in sentences that start with a clause with Before, After, and
When:
When I came home, I went to bed.

Unit 11 • Lesson A: My first . . .

Vocabulary
Adjectives
embarrassing (adj)
first (adj)
relaxed (adj)
young (adj)
Feelings
happy (adj)
pleased (adj)
nervous (adj)
scared (of) (adj)
Be in the simple past

was (v)
wasn't (v)
were (v)
weren't (v)
Other words
either (adv)
only (adv)
customer (n)
(embarrassing) mistake (n)
kid (n)
my first day of work / school (n)
your first pet (n)
make a mistake (v)

Level 1 Grammar
Simple past of be
The simple past of be is was / wasn’t / were / weren’t.
Use was with I, he, she, it, and singular nouns:
She was strict.
My teacher was strict.
Use were with you, we, they, and plural nouns:
You were nervous.
The children were nervous.
Negative statements
Use wasn't (= was not) with I, he, she, it, and singular nouns:
He wasn't happy.
My boss wasn't happy.
Use weren't (= were not) with you, we, they, and plural nouns:
We weren't noisy.
The children weren't noisy.


Use Was / Were + subject to ask a Yes-No question in the simple past.
Use was with I, he, she, it, and singular nouns:
Was it fun?
Was the class fun?
Use were with you, we, they, and plural nouns:
Were they nice?
Were the customers nice?
Use Yes + subject + was with I, he, she, and it:
• Was she strict?

• Yes, she was.
Use Yes + subject + were with you, we, and they:
WW Were they nice?

XX Yes, they were.
You can use No + subject + wasn't / weren't to answer a question in the simple past with be.
(wasn't = was+ not) (weren't = were+ not)
Use No + subject + wasn't (= was not) with I, he, she, and it:
NN Were you nervous?

OO No, I wasn't.
Use No + subject + weren't (= were not) with you, we, and they:
BB Were they nice?

CC No, they weren't.

Unit 11 • Lesson B: Vacations

Vocabulary
Expressions with get
get along (v)
get an autograph (v)
get back (from a trip) (v)
get dark (v)
get lost (v)
get married (v)
get a present (v)
get scared (v)
get sick (v)
get a sunburn (v)
Free time activities with go

go camping (v)
go hiking (v)
go parasailing (v)
go on a (road) trip (v)
go snorkeling (v)
go to see (a band) (v)
Other words
glad (adj)
exactly (adv)
autograph (n)
lead singer (n)
sunburn (n)
across (Canada) (prep)
on (our) honeymoon (prep)

Level 1 Grammar
Simple past information questions
Questions with be
You can use question word + was / were + subject to ask a simple past information question.
Use was with he, she, it and singular nouns:
• How was your vacation?

• It was fun.
Use were with you, we, they and plural nouns:
YY Where were you exactly?

ZZ In Hawaii.
Questions with other verbs
Simple past information questions use did.
Use question word + did + subject + verb:
PP Who did you go with?

QQ A couple of friends.
Remember, you use did for all subjects (I, you, he, she, we, and they).
Get and go
You can use get and go with some words. Some expressions have a similar meaning:
get / go back
get / go home
get / go to a concert / movie
Some expressions have a different meaning:
get along with someone = be friends with

go along with someone (to a movie) = go with

Unit 11 • Lesson C: Anyway, what did you do?

Vocabulary
hill (n)
have a meeting (v)
have a party (v)
by the end of the day
lots of
out in the country
Answer a question, then ask a similar one
You can show interest and keep a conversation going if you answer a question, and
then ask a similar question:
• So how was your weekend?
• Great. I went biking in the country. So . . . anyway, what did you do?
Anyway
You can use Anyway to change the topic of a conversation:
AAA So how was your weekend?
BBB Great. I went biking in the country. So . . . anyway, what did you do?
You can also use Anyway to end a conversation:
RR I had a party Saturday. It was good.
SS Really? Nice.
DD Well, anyway, . . . I have to go.

Unit 11 • Lesson D: A funny thing happened . . .

Writing
Punctuation with speech
When you write, you can use punctuation to show the things people said.
• Use quotation marks (" ") around the things people
say: I said, "Hi. We met a few minutes ago."
He said, "Yeah, we did."
• Use a comma (,) after said:
I said, "Hi. We met a few minutes
ago." He said, "Yeah, we did."
• Use a capital letter to start a quotation (= what someone
said): I said, "Hi. We met a few minutes ago."
He said, "Yeah, we did."

Unit 12 • Lesson A: Eating habits

Vocabulary
Carbohydrates
bread (n)
French fries (n)
pasta (n)
rice (n)
Fish
seafood (n)
shellfish (n)
Fruit
apple (n)
banana (n)
papaya (n)
Meat
beef (n)
chicken (n)
Milk and eggs

cheese (n)
egg (n)
milk (n)
Vegetables
carrot (n)
cucumber (n)
potato (n)

Eating habits
be on a (special) diet (v)
have good / bad eating habits (v)
skip meals (v)
Other words
allergic (to) (adj)
dessert (n)
picky eater (n)
vegetarian (n)
Grammar
Countable and uncountable nouns
A noun is a person or thing. Nouns can be countable or uncountable.
Countable nouns
Some nouns are countable. They are things you can count:
an apple
six potatoes
Some countable nouns are singular. Use a / an with singular countable nouns:
I have an egg for breakfast every day.
Countable nouns can also be plural. They usually end is -s. Don't use a/ an
with plural countable nouns:
I don't eat bananas.

Uncountable nouns
Some nouns are uncountable. They are things you can't count:
milk
seafood
Don't use a / an or plural -s with uncountable nouns:
I drink milk every morning.
I don't eat seafood.
How many . . . ? How much . . . ?

You can use How many . . . ? and How much . . . ? to ask questions about
countable and uncountable nouns.
Questions
Use How many . . . ? to ask questions with countable plural nouns:
How many eggs do you eat a week?
Use How much . . . ? with uncountable nouns:
How much milk do you drink a day?
Statements
In affirmative statements, use a lot of. You can use a lot of with both
countable and uncountable nouns:
• How many eggs do you eat a week?

• I eat a lot of eggs. / I don't eat a lot of eggs.
CCC How much milk do you drink a day?

DDD I drink a lot of milk. / I don't drink a lot of milk.

In negative statements, you can use a lot of or many with countable nouns:
I don't eat many eggs.
You can use a lot of or much with uncountable nouns:
I don't drink much milk.
Remember, you don't need to repeat the noun if it's clear what you are talking about:
TT How many eggs do you eat a week?

UU I don't eat many. (= many eggs)
EE How much milk do you drink a day?

FF I don't drink much. (= much milk)

Unit 12 • Lesson B: What's for dinner?

Vocabulary
Carbohydrates
cereal (n)
Fish
salmon (n)
shrimp (n)
Fruit
mango (n)
melon (n)
pineapple (n)
strawberry (n)
Meat
hamburger meat (n)
lamb (n)
steak (n)
Vegetables
garlic (n)
green beans (n)
lettuce (n)
onion (n)
pepper (n)
spinach (n)
tomato (n)

Level 1 Sweets and snacks
cookie (n)
ice cream (n)
peanuts (n)
potato chips (n)
sugar (n)
Physical states
sleepy (adj)
thirsty (adj)
Other words
butter (n)
grocery store (n)
oil (n)
water (n)
Grammar
Would like
You can use would like in offers and suggestions. It is a polite way to say want.
Use Would + subject + like to + verb to make a suggestion about an activity:
Would you like to go out?
Use Would + subject + like + noun to make an offer:
Would you like some tea?

You can respond to an offer or suggestion with would like.
Use subject + would + like to + verb or subject + would + like + noun:
• Would you like to go out?

• No, I'd like to stay at home.
EEE What would you like for dinner?

FFF I'd like some chicken.
Remember, I'd = I would.
You can also respond to an offer or suggestion with a short answer:
VV Would you like some tea?

WW Yes, please. / No, thanks.
Some and any

You can use some and any with countable and uncountable nouns.
Use some in affirmative statements:
We have some vegetables.
Use any in questions and negative statements:
Do we have any vegetables?
We don't have any chicken.
You don't need to repeat the noun in your answer if it's clear what you're talking about:
GG Do we have any chicken?

HH Yes, we have some. (= some chicken)
L Do we have any vegetables?

M No, we don't have any. (= any vegetables)

You can use some in offers:
Would you like some chicken?
Use some in requests:
Can I have some chocolate?

Unit 12 • Lesson C: I just want a sandwich

or something.
Vocabulary
Food
muffin (n)
hot (adj)
light (adj)
Other words
take a break (v)
have lunch (v)
have something light for lunch (v)
Or something and or anything
You can use the expressions or something (like that) and or anything (like that) when
you don't need to give a long list of things.
Or something
You can use or something and or something like that in an affirmative statement:
I just want a sandwich or something (like that).
(= or something like a sandwich – a snack, not a big meal)
You can also use or something in offers:
Would you like to go out for dinner or something?

Or anything
You can use or anything and or anything like that in negative statements and in questions:
I don't want a big meal or anything (like that).
Or . . . ?
You can use or . . . ? at the end of Yes-No questions to make them less direct:
Would you like to go out or . . .? (= we can go out, or we can do something else)

Unit 12 • Lesson D: Great places to eat

Vocabulary
Eating out
atmosphere slow (adj)
(service) special (adj)
(dinner) unfriendly (adj)
(servers) (adj)
Food
delicious (adj)
tasteless (adj)
tasty (adj)
Other words
hang out (with friends) (v)

recommend (a restaurant) (v)
Writing
Useful expressions
Here are some useful expressions you can use to write about restaurants.
• You can use these adjectives to describe a good
restaurant: The restaurant was good.
The service was excellent.
The servers were friendly.
The meal was delicious.
The food was tasty.
The potatoes were hot.

GGG You can use these adjectives to describe a
bad restaurant: The restaurant was terrible.
The service was slow.
The servers were unfriendly.
The meal was awful.
The food was tasteless.
The potatoes were cold.

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Touchstone 2nd Edition • Language summary • Level 1

Unit 1 • Lesson A: Hello and good-bye

© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 1, Lesson A, Page 1

Unit 1 • Lesson B: Names

© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 1, Lesson B, Page 1

• Use I for yourself.

• Use you for another person / other people.

• Use we for yourself and another person / other

people. The verb be has contractions and full forms:

Contractions Full forms

Use pronoun + contraction of be:

We're in different classes.

© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 1, Lesson B, Page 2

Use pronoun + contraction of be + not:

I'm not Carmen.

You're not in Room B.

We're not in the same class.

Yes-No questions and short answers

You can use be + pronoun to ask Yes-No questions:

Are you Jenny?

Are we in the same class?

Affirmative short answers

Use Yes + pronoun + full form of be:

A Are you Jenny?

Negative short answers

Use No + pronoun + contraction of be + not:

A Are we in the same class?

B No, we're not.

© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 1, Lesson B, Page 3

Unit 1 • Lesson C: Personal information

© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 1, Lesson C, Page 1

What's your name?

Use a form of be to answer a question with What's . . . ?:

• What's your name?

• My name's Victor Lopez. (= My name is . . . )

You can use It's (= It is) to answer a question with What's . . . ?:

C What's your email address?

© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 1, Lesson C, Page 2

Unit 1 • Lesson D: Are you here for the concert?

• Hi. How are you doing?

• Pretty good. How about you? (= How are you doing?)

How are you?

© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 1, Lesson D, Page 1

How are you doing?

OK. / Pretty good. / Good.

Bye. / See you. / See you later.

© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 1, Lesson D, Page 2

Unit 2 • Lesson A: Classmates

• Use he for a man or a boy.

• Use she for a woman or a girl.

• Use they for two or more people.

© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 2, Lesson A, Page 1

The verb be has contractions and full forms:

Contractions Full forms

Use a name or pronoun + a form of be:

Hiroki's at work. He's at work.

Ellen's sick. She's sick.

Carmen and Suzanna are late. They're late.

Use a name or pronoun + a form of be + not:

Hiroki's not here. He's not here.

Ellen's not in class. She's not in class.

Carmen and Suzanna are not here. They're not here.

© Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 2, Lesson A, Page 2