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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of


gratitude to my teacher E. Xavier Raj sir as
well as our principal who gave me the
golden opportunity to do this wonderful
project. Which also helped me in doing a lot
of Research and I came to know about so
many new things I am really thankful to
them. Secondly I would also like to thank
my parents and friends who helped me a lot
in finishing this project within the limited
time.
HISTORY AND ORIGIN

James Naismith was the Canadian physical


education instructor who invented basketball in
1891. James Naismith was born in Almont,
Ontario and educated at McGill University and
Presbyterian College in Montreal. In contrast
to other sports, basketball has a clear origin. It
is not the evolution from an ancient game or
another sport and the inventor is well known:
Dr. James Naismith. In 1891, while working as a
physical education teacher at the YMCA
International Training School (today, Springfield
College) in the United States, Naismith was
faced with the problem of finding in 14 days an
indoor game to provide "athletic distraction"
for the students at the School for Christian
Workers (Naismith was also a Presbyterian
minister). After discarding the idea of adapting
outdoor games like soccer and lacrosse,
Naismith recalled the concept of a game of his
school days known as duck-on-a-rock that
involved accuracy attempting to knock a "duck"
off the top of a large rock by tossing another
rock at it. Of course it was not exactly as we
know it today. The first game was played with a
soccer ball and two peach baskets nailed 10-
feet high used as goals, on a court just half the
size of a present-day court. The baskets
retained their bottoms so balls scored into the
basket had to be poked out with a long dowel
each time and dribbling (bouncing of the ball up
and down while moving) was not part of the
original game. The sport was an instant success
and thanks to the initial impulse received by
the YMCA movement, basketball's popularity
quickly grew nationwide and was introduced in
many nations. He had the honor to witness
basketball become an Olympic sport at the
1936 Games held in Berlin.
The first basketball team
ORIGINAL 13 RULES OF BASKETBALL

1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one


or both hands.
2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one
or both hands, but never with the fist.
3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player
must throw it from the spot on which he catches it,
allowance to be made for a man running at good
speed.
4. The ball must be held in or between the hands.
The arms or body must not be used for holding it.
5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or
tripping in any way of an opponent. The first
infringement of this rule by any person shall count
as a foul; the second shall disqualify him until the
next goal is made or, if there was evident intent to
injure the person, for the whole of the game. No
substitution shall be allowed.
6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist,
violations of Rules 3 and 4 and such as described in
Rule 5.
7. If either side make three consecutive fouls it
shall count as a goal for the opponents (consecutive
means without the opponents in the meantime
making a foul).
8. Goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or
batted from the ground into the basket and stays
there, providing those defending the goal do not
touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the
edge and the opponents move the basket, it shall
count as a goal.
9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be
thrown into the field and played by the first person
touching it. In case of dispute the umpire shall
throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is
allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall go
to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the
game, the umpire shall call a foul on them.
10. The umpire shall be judge of the men and shall
note the fouls and notify the referee when three
consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have
the power to disqualify men according to Rule 5.
11. The referee shall be the judge of the ball and
decide when it is in play in bounds, to which side it
belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide
when a goal has been made and keep account of
the goals with any other duties that are usually
performed by a referee.
12. The time shall be two 15-minute halves with five
minutes' rest between.
13. The side making the most goals in that time
shall be declared the winners. DIMENSIONS AND
REQUIREMENTS
Dimensions of the court
Distance of the pole from the court.
Dimensions of the board
FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS

The sport of basketball requires five basic skills.


While some players might be more experienced
with some skills than others, it is best to have
at least some ability in all five areas. Basketball
is a fast-paced game that requires the
knowledge and instinct to perform quickly and
properly. Be sure to practice all five skills.
DRIBBLING

Dribbling is an important skill for all basketball


players. This skill will allow you to move up and
down the court, maneuver past defenders and
execute plays. Proper dribbling requires ball-
handling skills and knowledge of how to spread
your fingers for ball control. Different types of
dribbles are:-
High Dribble Low Dribble Speed Dribble
Change-Of-Pace Dribble Crossover 'Switch'.
SHOOTING

In order to score points in basketball, you need


to shoot the ball into the hoop. This requires
the ability to properly hold and throw the ball
into the air toward the basket while avoiding
defenders. A proper shot requires precise
aiming, arm extension and lift from the legs.
Different types of shots are :- Jump Shot Layup
Hook Shot Dunk Free Throw
RUNNING

Running is a big part of basketball. In a full-


court game, you will find yourself running back
and forth as the game quickly transitions
between offense and defense. When you have
the ball, running will help you to avoid
defenders and get to the basket quicker. On
defense, you often will find yourself needing to
run after the opponent, especially during fast
breaks.
PASSING

Passing is another skill that when mastered can


help you become a complete basketball player.
Basketball is a team sport that involves finding
a teammate who is open for a shot. The ability
to pass the ball to this player can make the
difference between scoring and not scoring.
Types of passes :- Chest passes 2. Bounce Pass
3. Overhead Pass 4. Outlet Pass 5. No-Look
Pass 6. behind the Back Pass Jumping
Jumping is another skill that can define how
good a basketball player is. Jumping is involved
in offense during the jump ball in the
beginning, while taking shots and sometimes
while trying to catch a pass. On defensive you
will need the ability to jump when trying to
block a shot or a pass. Being able to out jump
your opponent for a rebound also is important.

RULES AND REGULATIONS

Measurements and time limits discussed in this


section often vary among tournaments and
organizations; international and NBA rules are
used in this section. The object of the game is
to outscore one's opponents by throwing the
ball through the opponents' basket from above
while preventing the opponents from doing so
on their own. An attempt to score in this way is
called a shot. A successful shot is worth two
points, or three points if it is taken from beyond
the three-point arc which is 6.25 meters (20 ft 6
in) from the basket in international games and
23 feet 9 inches (7.24 m) in NBA games Playing
regulations Games are played in four quarters
of 10 College games use two 20-minute halves,
while United States high school varsity games
use 8 minute quarters. 15 minutes are allowed
for a half-time break under FIBA, NBA, and
NCAA rulesand 10 minutes in United States
high schools. Overtime periods are five minutes
in
length except for high school which is four
minutes in length. Teams exchange baskets for
the second half. The time allowed is actual
playing time; the clock is stopped while the play
is not active. Five players from each team may
be on the court at one time. Substitutions are
unlimited but can only be done when play is
stopped. Teams also have a coach, who
oversees the development and strategies of the
team, and other team personnel such as
assistant coaches, managers, statisticians,
doctors and trainers. For both men's and
women's teams, a standard uniform consists of
a pair of shorts and a jersey with a clearly
visible number, unique within the team, printed
on both the front and back. Players wear
hightop sneakers that provide extra ankle
support. Typically, team names, players' names
and, outside of North America, sponsors are
printed on the uniforms. A limited number of
time-outs, clock stoppages requested by a
coach are allowed.They generally last no longer
than one minute unless, for televised games, a
commercial break is needed. The game is
controlled by the officials consisting of the
referee (referred to as crew chief in the NBA),
one
or two umpires (referred to as referees in the
NBA) and the table officials. For college, the
NBA, and many high schools, there are a total
of three referees on the court. The table
officials are responsible for keeping track of
each teams scoring, timekeeping, individual
and team fouls, player substitutions, team
possession arrow, and the shot clock.
COMMON SPORTS INJURIES

Basketball is one of the most popular sports in


the United States and throughout the world.
Basketball injuries can be separated into two
general categories: overuse injuries and
traumatic injuries.
Overuse injuries Injuries caused by stressing an
area over and over until it is damaged and
begins to hurt are described as overuse injuries.
One such injury is patellar
tendinitis, or "jumper's knee," which is
characterized by pain in the tendon just below
the kneecap.
Achilles tendinitis is another common overuse
injury in basketball players. This injury of the
tendon connecting the muscles in the back of
the calf to the heel bone causes pain in the
back of the leg just above the heel.
Traumatic injuries Traumatic injuries are those
caused by a sudden forceful injury. Some of the
more common traumatic injuries in basketball
are jammed fingers. The severity of a jammed
finger can range from a minor injury of the
ligaments, which connect bones, to a broken
finger. Splinting may be needed to allow the
injured finger to heal.
Another type of traumatic injury is a muscle
pull or tear. Ankle sprains The most common
basketball injury is the ankle sprain. This injury
often occurs when a player lands on another
player's foot or the ankle rolls too far outward.
When this happens, the ligaments connecting
bones
and supporting the ankle are stretched and
tornKnee injuries Knee injuries are some of the
most serious basketball injuries. One type of
knee injury is a sprain. A knee sprain is a small
tear in the ligaments or joint capsule that is not
severe enough to cause your knee to give way.
To help the tear heal, you must protect your
knee for a short time by immobilizing it. If you
twist your knee, you can tear a meniscus, which
is tissue that acts as a cushion between the
bones of the upper and lower leg at the knee.
The surgeon inserts a camera and instruments
into the knee joint through small skin incisions.

ARJUNA AWARD

The Arjuna Awards were instituted in 1961 by


the government of India to recognize
outstanding achievement in National sports.
The award carries a cash prize of 500,000, a
bronze statuette of Arjuna and a scroll.
Over the years the scope of the award has been
expanded and a large number of sportspersons
who belonged to the pre- Arjun Award era
were also included in the list. Further, the
number of disciplines for which the award is
given was increased to include indigenous
games and the physically handicapped
category.

ARJUNA AWARD WINNERS

Khushi ram Khushi Ram is a former basketball


player from India who represented India at
many international competitions. He was
awarded Arjuna award in 1967. He was born in
Rajasthan state in 1936.Khushi ram has a
reputation of being amongst the best players of
Asia .He was the first captain of Indian
Basketball team. After retiring in 1976, he took
over as coach of shri ram rayons team in Kota.
Surendra Kumar Kataria Surendra Kumar
Kataria is a former basketball player from India
who represented India at many international
competitions. He was awarded Arjuna award in
1973. He was born inRajasthan state and
represented Indian Railways in national
tournaments. It should also be mentioned here
that he was a sharpshooter in the true sense of
the word, and Indian basketball has not seen
such a shooter in all its history.
Hanuman Singh Hanuman Singh is a noted
former basketball player from India. He played
for India in Asian Games, Commonwealth
Games and at 1980 Olympics.[1] He was
awarded Arjuna Award in 1975. Born in 1950 in
Nagaur district of Rajasthan state.He sudied at
Military School,Ajmer . He represented Indian
railways in national tournaments .He is now
employed with SAIL.
Radhey Shyam Bijarnia Radhey Shyam Bijarnia
was an Indian basketball player who
represented India at the 1980 Summer
Olympics and the 1982 Asian Games in Delhi.
He was a recipient of the Arjuna Award for his
achievements. He died in 2005 at the age of 54
at his native village Sri Madhopur in Rajasthan.

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