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304
grade
304
Chemical composition
Elements (%)
304L (18-9L)
C
0.025 0.40
Si Mn
1.40
Cr
18.20
Low carbon
Ni
8.05
> Lloyd’s Register of shipping
304L (18-9L)
304M (18-10L)
304L (18-9L)
X2CrNi18-9/ UNS 30403/
336838649 > Very good resistance to intergranular corrosion
1.4307(1) Type 304L(2)
> Good ductility
304M (18-10L)
X2CrNi19-11/ UNS 30403/
336813205 > Excellent weldability
1.4306(1) Type 304L(2)
> Good polishing ability
According to EN 10088-2 According to ASTM A 240.
> Very good drawability for 304M
(1) (2)
600 60
1100
500 50
Rm 1000
400 40 Rm
A 900
300 30 800
Rp0.2
50
HV
Rp0.2
700 5Kg
200 20
200
5 15 25 35 45
Typical values Degree of cold work (%).
Corrosion resistance
Our grades 304L and 304M generally exhibit a good resistance to wet corrosion, appropriate for the majority of applications and are especially
recommended when there is a risk of intergranular corrosion.
In particular, they meet the requirements of the standard tests defined by EN ISO 3651-2 (sensitizing treatments T1 and T2).
Furthermore they show excellent behavior in urban and rural atmospheres.
+
1.5
316L
Corrosion resistance
K45
K44 2
10 15 20 25 30 Crevice Corrosion
PREN (CR+3,3Mo+16N) Crevice corrosion is a type of corrosion that can be divided in two
processes. During the first process, called initiation, discrete pits are
Pitting potential in variations following the temperature and the chloride concentration formed within the crevice region when locally the pH is below the
1,357 pt Pitting potential depassivation pH of the grade.
The propagation is the second process and is involves in the dissolution
NaCI NaCI NaCI NaCI
Grades 0.02/23°C 0.02/50°C 0.05/23°C 0.02/50°C of metal. To slow down this process, molybdenum and nickel containing
grades are to be preferred since both these elements slow down the
304L (18-9L) 540 mV 385 mV 305 mV 175 mV
propagation.
Typical values
Intergranular corrosion
They meet the requirements of the standard tests defined by EN ISO 3651-2 (sensitizing treatments T1 and T2).
Forming
In the annealed condition our grades 304L and 304M can be readily Bending
cold formed by standard processes such as bending and profiling and Good bending capacity up to 180°, with very small bending radii for
is particularly good in stretch forming processes such as drawing, roll thicknesses below 0.8mm. For thicker gauges, a bending radius of at
forming, spinning, contour forming, etc. least half the thickness of the sheet is recommended.
Some forming operations can be performed more easily at higher Flow turning
temperatures. In that case, subsequent pickling is necessary. Our grade 304ED (18-9DDQ) (1.4301, Type 304) is the most suitable
for this application.
Deep drawing (Swift test) For severe forming operations, our grades 304D (18-9ED) and 304ED
The Swift test is a method to determine the Limiting Drawing Ration (18-9DDQ) are to be preferred.
(LDR). This LDR is defined by the maximum ratio between the blank Stretching
diameter (variable) and the punch diameter (fixed) for which drawing can The stretching behaviour is characterized by the dome height (h) of the
be performed successful. Erichsen test which is also known as Index ‘ EI ’.
European ASTM European ASTM EI*
Grades designation A240
LDR* Grades designation A240 (mm)
304L (18-9L) 1.4307 304L 1.91 304L (18-9L) 1.4307 304L 11.4
304 (18-9E)* 1.4301 304 1.96 304M (18-10L)* 1.4306 304L 11.5
201D (17-4Mn) 1.4618 (b) 201.1 1.92 304 (18-9E) 1.4301 304 11.6
K41 1.4509 441(a) 2.29 201D (17-4Mn) 1.4618 (b) 201.1 11.9
K45 1.4621(b) 445(a) 2.28 K41 1.4509 441(a) 9.4
* Limiting Drawing Ratio – 0.8 mm thick sheet - Lubricant = Mobilux EP00 K45 1.4621 (b)
445(a) 9.5
(a)
Common designation (b) Pending update of the standard * Erichsen Index – Lubricant = Mobilux EP00 - Typical values tests done on
0.8mm thick. (a) Common designation (b) Pending update of the standard
D
Dmax
LDR = h
d d
Welding
Resistance:
≤ 2 mm
spot, seam
Argon
TIG < 1.5 mm > 0.5 mm ER 308 L* ER 308 L* Argon + 5% Hydrogen
Argon + Helium
Argon
PLASMA < 1.5 mm > 0.5 mm ER 308 L* Argon + 5% Hydrogen
Argon + Helium
Argon + 2% CO2
Argon + 2% O2
in common with all Aperam Group companies, cannot guarantee that it is complete or that it is free from error. Kara® is a brand of Aperam – Stainless Europe, registered in numerous. Design et conception : agencembcom.com.
Argon + 2% CO2
MIG > 0.8 mm ER 308 L(Si)*
+1% H2
Argon + 2% CO2
© January 2012, Aperam - Stainless Europe. 304 Low Carbon.uk. While every care has been taken to ensure that the information contained in this publication is as accurate as possible, Aperam – Stainless Europe,
+Helium
Annealing
After cold forming (work hardening) and after welding, an annealing > Descaling pastes for weld areas.
treatment for a couple of minutes at 1050°C ± 25°C, followed by air Passivation
cooling or water quenching, restores the microstructure (recrystallisation > 20-25% HNO3 solution (36° Baumé) at 20°C.
and dissolution of carbides) and eliminates internal stresses.
Pickling
> Passivating pastes for weld zones.
Polishing
> Nitric-Hydrofluoric acid mixture (10%HNO3 + 2% HF) at ambient The surface of our 304L and our 304M is suitable for all kinds of
temperature or up to 60°C. polishing (grit, scotch-brite, electro polishing).
> Sulfuric-nitric acid mixture (10% H2SO4 + 0.5% HNO3) at 60°C.
Size range
Our size range is based on our production capabilities. For the latest information per grades on our offer, please consult us.
1 500
1 500 1 500
1 500
1 250
1 250 1 250
1 250
1 000
1 000 1 000
1 000
0.3 0.3
0.4 0.4
0.5 0.5
0.6 0.6
0.7 0.7
0.8 0.8
0.9 0.9
1.0 1.0
1.20 1.20
1.50 1.50
2.0 2.0
2.50 2.50
3.0 3.0
4.0 4.0
5.0 5.0
6.0 6.0
8.0 8.0 2.0 2.0
2.50 2.50
3.0 3.0
3.5 3.5
4.0 4.0
4.5 4.55 56.0 6.0
7.0 7.0
8.0 8.0
9.0 9.0
10.0 10.0
12.0 12.0
13.0 13.0
ColdCold
rolledrolled
BA (2R) and 2D,
BA (2R) and 2B
2D, 2B ColdCold
rolledrolled
2D, 2B
2D, 2B Thickness
Thickness
(mm)(mm) Hot rolled
Hot rolled
HRAP HRAP
1D 1D ColdCold
rolledrolled
HRCHRC
2E 2E Thickness
Thickness
(mm)(mm)