Accepted Manuscript

Effect of CNC Application Parameters on Wooden Surface Quality

Kücük Hüseyin Koc, Emine Seda Erdinler, Ender Hazir, Emel Öztürk

PII: S0263-2241(17)30279-8
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2017.05.001
Reference: MEASUR 4727

To appear in: Measurement

Received Date: 22 January 2016

Revised Date: 5 April 2017
Accepted Date: 1 May 2017

Please cite this article as: K.H. Koc, E.S. Erdinler, E. Hazir, E. Öztürk, Effect of CNC Application Parameters on
Wooden Surface Quality, Measurement (2017), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2017.05.001

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 Title Page

Kücük Hüseyin KOC

(Corresponding Author)
Professor Dr., Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University, 34473 Department of Forest
Industrial Engineering, Istanbul Turkey
E-mail: hkoc@istanbul.edu.tr
Phone: +90 (212) 3382400(25374)
Fax number: +90 (212) 338 2424

Emine Seda ERDİNLER

Assistant Professor Dr., Department of Forest Industrial Engineering, Faculty of
Forestry, Istanbul University, 34473, Istanbul Turkey
E-mail: hkoc@istanbul.edu.tr
Phone: +90 (212) 3382400(25370)
Fax number: +90 (212) 338 2424

Ender HAZIR
Research Assistant, Department of Forest Industrial Engineering, Faculty of
Forestry, Istanbul University, 34473, Istanbul Turkey
E-mail: ender.hazir@istanbul.edu.tr
Phone: +90 (212) 3382400(25075)
Fax number: +90 (212) 338 2424

Emel ÖZTÜRK
Research Assistant, Department of Forest Industrial Engineering, Faculty of
Forestry, Istanbul University, 34473, Istanbul Turkey
E-mail: emelozt@istanbul.edu.tr
Phone: +90 (212) 3382400(25085)
Fax number: +90 (212) 338 2424

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Effect of CNC Application Parameters on Wooden Surface Quality

Abstract

Objective of this study is to determine the parameters such as spindle speed, feed rate and wood
material on surface quality. Medium density fiberboard (MDF), Beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and
Ayous(Triplochiton scleroxylon) were selected for the study. Wood specimens were prepared
using different values of spindle speed and feed rate. Surface roughness ( R a ) values of
specimens were measured by employing stylus type of equipment and laser based robotic
measurement system. Laser based robotic measurements were obtained by Matlab software. The
objective of the techniques were to (1) determine the significant parameters on wood surface
quality (2) analyze the main and interaction effects in the CNC cutting process (3) compare the
data from the robotic system with the stylus type of equipment. As the result of this study,
spindle speed of 18000 rpm and feed rate of 2 m/min resulted with minimum surface
roughness values of MDF, Ayous and Beech wood for laser and stylus techniques.

Keywords: CNC, wood processing, surface quality, laser measurement

1. Introduction

Computer numerical control (CNC) machines are used in various manufacturing applications such
as steel machining, plastic cutting, etc. and are widely used in the woodworking industry. In the
furniture industry, CNC machines perform drilling, milling, sanding and cutting operations [1,2].
These machines provide high productivity increasing the efficiency up to 2.5 times and flexibility
in production and integration to automation systems [3,4]. CNC machining process is a significant
stage as it affects surface coating performance such as adhesion strength of coating, minimization
of waste and appearance of wood products [5-8]. Surface roughness is a crucial quality indicator
of cutting and coating process. There are various roughness measuring techniques including
pneumatic, laser and light scattering techniques to investigate the surface quality of wood and
wood products. Stylus type of profilometer is commonly applied for its usages and advantages in
obtaining accurate numerical results [9-11]. Laser system has also further advantages such as
unlimited screening, curved surfaces and integration to automation systems.

The majority of the problems arising in the fields of use of the wooden materials are related to the
failure in determining appropriate procedure parameters. Determining these parameters accurately
is directly related with the expectation on the surface quality of the wooden material. Therefore,
selection of the significant factors and identification of the optimum levels are applied with a
systematic approach achieving at low cost and in a short time. Design of experiment (DOE)
method is a widely and efficiently used technique in most of industrial engineering applications
[12-15]. DOE method is employed to evaluate variables on single and multiple responses [16].
Two-level and full factorial methods are extensively applied types of designs [17].

Nas et al. [18] reported that the surface roughness had changed significantly depending on the
parameters as a result of milling the material surfaces in CNC machinery. According to the
statement of Iskra et al. [19] it is possible to estimate to relationships among the signals, depth of
cut and surface roughness using regression analysis and artificial neural network. Gawronski [20]

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applied an optimization model with a fuzzy logic and reduced procedure time by 54 %. Lajie et al.
[21] reported that C++ software and graphical interactive technologies increase the efficiency and
improve the wood processing quality by CNC machinery. Coelho et al. [22] carried out Taguchi
design to determine the influence of wood machining parameters on the wood surface quality. The
results showed that rotation speed, feed speed and cutting depth were significant parameters on
surface roughness. Gaitonde et al. [23] investigated optimum delamination conditions of medium
density fiberboard (MDF) using Taguchi method. A result of this study, the delamination was
reduced when the cutting speed was increased and the feed rate was decreased. Another study by
Davim et al. [24] determined CNC processing parameters of MDF as function of spindle speed,
cutting speed and feed rate on surface quality. The results indicated that spindle speed was found
as the effective factor for the MDF. Smoother surfaces of specimens were obtained with higher
spindle speed and higher feed rate. Taguchi method was applied by Prakash and Palanikumar [25]
for analyzing MDF drilling variables such as spindle speed, feed rate and tool diameter. As a
result of the study feed rate was found as the most effective factor for the surface roughness of
MDF.

Wilkowski et al. [26] utilized Taguchi method to investigate effective factors for CNC processing
parameters of wood surface roughness of oak and ash. The cutting parameters such as feed rate
and spindle speed were resulted as significant parameters on the surface roughness. Norazmein et
al. [27] developed mathematical model for cutting force (Fc) during side milling of MDF
employing uncoated carbide insert. The cutting force model was analyzed by using response
surface method (RSM) and box-behnken design (BBD). The machining parameters were
identified as spindle speed, feed rate and routing width. Based on the results, cutting force was
increased with lower cutting speed, higher feed rate and higher routing width. Another study of
Sütcü and Karagöz [28] analyzed the same CNC processing parameters such as spindle speed,
feed rate, stepover and depth of cut on surface roughness and material removal rate (MRR). The
result of this study indicated that the surface roughness increased by decreasing the spindle speed,
feed rate, stepover and depth of cut. The most effective variable for MRR resulted as the spindle
speed. A study by Sofuoglu [29] optimized CNC machining conditions such as cutter type, tool
clearance strategy, spindle speed and feed rate on surface roughness of European larch (Larix
decidua Mill). Optimization of mentioned parameter was analyzed by Taguchi method. Effective
factors for Ra and R z were performed by ANOVA analysis. The Ra parameter decreased 2.2
times and R z 1.8 times compared to initial processing factors. Deus et al. [30] analyzed the
milling of MDF variables such as spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut to achieve minimum
surface roughness. The surface roughness value increased by higher spindle speed, lower feed rate
and 1 mm of depth of cut.

In this study, (1) full factorial design was applied to determine the effective parameters, (2) the
main and interaction effects were analyzed in the CNC cutting process, (3) the data from the
robotic system with the stylus type of equipment were compared. Table 1 shows a comparison of
the results reported in previous works.

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Table 1
The comparison of the results reported in previous works.
Previous Method Independent variables Workpiece Measurement
works material method
[24] ANOVA Spindle speed, cutting MDF Stylus
speed and feed rate equipment
[25] Taguchi Spindle speed, feed rate MDF Stylus
and tool diameter equipment
[28] ANOVA Spindle speed, feed rate, MDF Stylus
stepover and depth of cut equipment
[29] Taguchi Cutter type, tool European larch Stylus
clearance strategy, equipment
spindle speed and feed
rate
[30] ANOVA Spindle speed, feed rate MDF Stylus
and depth of cut equipment
Present work Full factorial Spindle speed, feed rate MDF Laser based
design and material type Beech wood robotic system
ANOVA Ayous wood and stylus
equipment

2. Materials and methods

Medium density fiberboard (MDF), Beech (Fagus orientalis) and Ayous (Triplochiton
scleroxylon) were selected as test materials since these materials are extensively used in the
furniture industry in Turkey. Each specimen was weighed and its dimensions were measured at an
accuracy level of 0.1 g and 0.01 mm, respectively. A total of 36 samples with dimensions of 200
mm by 95 mm by 18 mm were conditioned in climate room at (20 ± 2) ºC and (65 ± 5) % relative
humidity (RH) until they reach a moisture content of (12±1) %. Density and moisture of the
specimens are shown in Table 2.

Table 2
Density and moisture values of material types.
Material Type Density (gr/cm³) Moisture (%)
MDF 0.65 10±1
Beech Wood 0.68 10±1
Ayous Wood 0.35 10±1

2.1. Machining conditions and roughness measurements

A 3-axis solid carbide CNC router with Alpha-CAM software was used to indicate the tool path
for the specimens. Tool geometry of the cutter includes 12 mm diameter, 22 mm cutting length,
52 mm, total length and 9.5 mm shank diameter. The specimens were prepared by the mentioned
router with 2mm depth of cut (Fig. 1).

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 Fig. 1. Image of three different specimens with different processes.

The surface quality was determined by stylus based technique and laser based robotic
measurement system. The surface roughness values were measured by Taylor-Hobsan Suftronic
type equipment, initially. The data was obtained by a diamond stylus with a 5 µm radius and 90°
contact angle running at a speed of 0.5 mm/s followed by measurements with the laser based
robotic system. The assessment was carried out by taking 6.000 data on each sample and 18.000
data in total. For this purpose, a robotic measurement system consisting of a laser sensor and robot
components were used as shown in Fig. 2a. On the wood surfaces, depending on the level and
sensitivity limits, the cartesian robot with laser motion was controlled in the x axis and y axis.
Location of the measurements performed by laser system is shown in Fig. 2b. Data text file was
transferred to the MATLAB software with 500 measurements.
With reference to ISO 4287, average roughness ( Ra ) and mean peak to valley height ( R z ) are
considered are roughness parameters. In this study, the surface roughness values of the specimens
were evaluated by Ra parameter.

(a) (b)

Fig. 2. (a) Laser based robotic measurement system (b) location of the measurements on the
surfaces.

2.2. Experimental procedure

As shown in Fig. 3, this study involved five phases to determine the effective factors for CNC
machining conditions of MDF, Beech wood and Ayous wood. The phases were:

1. The machining variables were selected involving the different processing conditions of
feed rate (f), spindle speed (n) and material type.

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 2. Experimental array of full factorial design was applied for conducting the three replicates
( 2  2  3  3 ).
3. The main effects and interaction between the factors for the experimental data were
obtained by ANOVA analysis. Interaction and main effect plots were used to evaluate
the relationship between the independent variables and response variable. The results
were analyzed with multiple regression analysis.
4. All terms of the model were tested and verified statistically by F-test at probability levels
(p<0.05). Adequacy of developed models was tested by performing (R²), adjusted
coefficient of (R²-adj), normal probability plot (NPP) and residuals versus fit the
values.
5. The effective factors for both stylus based equipment and laser based robotic
measurements were investigated by using Minitab software. The result of laser based
robotic measurement was compared with stylus based equipment.

Determination of the machining Selection of experimental Analyses of machining

process: design: parameters:
-Operation: CNC machining -Experimental array: Full -ANOVA
-Workpiece material: MDF, factorial design -Main and interaction effect
Ayous wood and Beech wood plot

Evaluation of the results: Adequacy of the models:

2
-In the CNC cutting process, significant factors -R
- R  adj
were determined for using laser based 2
measurement and stylus based equipment.
-NPP
- The results were compared with experimental
data.

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of experimental set up.

2.3. Design of experiments

Full factorial design is a technique that investigates the effective factors on a response [16]. This
method is a useful technique for determining interactions between the parameters in addition to
identifying effective factors as this design is a statistically based method. Classical experimental
design namely, one-factor-at-a-time does not determine interaction effects between the factors
[31]. This technique also provides the opportunity to develop the mathematical model.
The coded model for full factorial design is expressed in Eq. (1) as follows:

k k
y  0   i i   ij i  j   (1)
i 1 1i  j

The terms of  i and  0 represent regression coefficients and average response in an

experimental design, respectively. The term  is the random error which is approximately normal
and independently distributed with mean zero and constant variance. The regression coefficients

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term of  ij represents the interaction between the factors  i and  j [16]. The uncoded variables
were transformed into coded variables applying the given in Eq. (2):

   max   min  2
x
 max   min  2 (2)

The term of x is the coded and  is the natural variable.  max and  min are the highest and the
lowest values of natural variables [16].
In this study, the experimental design parameters such as spindle speed, feed rate and material
type were selected as independent variables. The effective parameters were investigated by using
full factorial design. Each independent variable levels were coded as (-1), (0) and (+1). The low (-
1), medium (0) and high (+1) levels are defined in Table 3.

Table 3
CNC procedure parameters and levels.
Symbol Parameters Unit Level (-1) Level (0) Level (+1)

A Spindle speed rpm 15000 18000 -

B Feed rate m/min 2 8 -
C Material type - MDF Ayous Beech

Full factorial (2  2  3) design with three replicates of each try performing a total of 36 test runs
was used to obtain each response. Mean values and standard deviations of the data from laser and
stylus techniques are shown in Table 4.

Table 4
Mean roughness values and standard deviations of the specimens.
CNC Machining Parameters Measurement Techniques
Material Type Spindle Speed Feed Rate Laser Stylus
Ra ( µm) Ra ( µm) R z ( µm)
18000 2 8.529 (0.537) 13.027(0.104) 37.287(0.480)
Beech Wood 18000 8 28.170 (2.701) 3.240(0.088) 10.647(0.627)
15000 2 20.039 (2.104) 8.360(0.104) 25.017(0.549)
15000 8 18.690 (18.690) 9.036(0.106) 27.780(0.419)
18000 2 8.602(1.143) 6.010(0.272) 17.707(1.236)
Ayous Wood 18000 8 14.089(1.434) 3.263(0.068) 10.480(0.159)
15000 2 28.561(1.606) 10.753(0.266) 31.327(1.519)
15000 8 23.850(1.245) 13.142(0.095) 39.257(0.186)
18000 2 11.112(1.195) 2.723(0.037) 6.810(0.065)
MDF 18000 8 7.5503(1.291) 4.583(0.075) 12.467(0.011)
15000 2 13.501(1.993) 11.413(0.095) 33.647(0.621)
15000 8 24.956(1.639) 5.736(0.086) 15.547(0.094)
Numbers in parenthesis indicate standard deviation values.

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3. Results

Full factorial design was used to investigate the main, two-way and three-way interaction effects.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) based F-test was applied to evaluate the significance factor on the
surface quality. This analysis for the two factors, A and B and their interactions, the statements for
the hypothesis tests are calculated by the given in Eqs. (3):

1. H 0 :  1   2  ...   na  0 ( Main effect of A) 


H 1 :  i  0 for at least one pair i  
2. H 0 :  1   2  ...   nb  0 ( Main effect of B) 

H 1 :  i  0 for at least one pair  j  

3. H 0 : ( )11  ( )12  ...  ( ) na nb  0 ( Interactio n of AB )
H 1 : ( ) ij  0 for at least one pair ij  

The F value is calculated by : 
SS A   1 MS A 
F0    (3)
SS E N   MS E 

MS A 
( F0 ) A 
MS E 

( F0 ) B 
MS B 
MS E 

( F0 ) AB 
MS AB 
MS E 



In equation 3, the terms (α-1) and (N-α) identify the degrees of freedom and the error degrees of
freedom. MS A , MS B and MS AB indicate mean squares of A, B, AB, respectively. MS E is error
mean square of A, B, AB. The null hypothesis is rejected when the F0 is higher than critical value
of F , 1, N  , where  is the level of the significance [32]. Tables 5 and 6 show the analysis of
the variance for the three variables with their values of F and P. Value of “prob>F” are lower than
0.05 indicating that the model terms are significant. In this case, the terms A, B, C, AB, AC, BC
and ABC were determined as effective factors on CNC cutting process.

Table 5
ANOVA results for Ra -Laser measurements.
Source DF SS MS F P
A-Spindle speed 1 658.44 658.436 13171.64 0.000ª
B-Feed rate 1 193.21 193.21 3865.06 0.000ª
C-Material type 2 178.20 89.10 1782.40 0.000ª
AB 1 74.71 74.707 1494.48 0.000ª
AC 2 320.87 160.437 3209.73 0.000ª
BC 2 138.54 69.271 1385.73 0.000ª
ABC 2 508.20 254.099 5083.11 0.000ª
Error 24 1.2 0.05

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Total 35 2073.37
DF: Degrees of freedom, SS: Sum of squares, MS: Mean square, F: F-test value and P:error variance
ª At a given response, variable belonging to the filled cells are significant within 95 % reliability interval.

Table 6
ANOVA results for Ra -Stylus measurements.
Source DF SS MS F P
A-Spindle speed 1 163.776 163.776 138806.15 0.000ª
B-Feed rate 1 44.123 44.123 2372.46 0.000ª
C-Material type 2 40.225 20.113 1081.44 0.000ª
AB 1 16.248 16.248 873.63 0.000ª
AC 2 70.195 35.097 1887.17 0.000ª
BC 2 29.143 14.571 783.50 0.000ª
ABC 2 128.241 64.120 3447.71 0.000ª
Error 24 0.446 0.019
Total 35 492.396
DF: Degrees of freedom, SS: Sum of squares, MS: Mean square, F: F-test value and P:error variance
ª At a given response, variable belonging to the filled cells are significant within 95 % reliability interval.

3.1. Analysis of main effects

The main effects parameters are illustrated in Fig. 4a and b. Each level of variables affected the
surface roughness. The surface roughness values for both laser and stylus decreased with higher
spindle speed, lower feed rate for all material types. As the slope of these factors was not close to
zero, the machining parameters affected the surface quality. These parameters were effective
factors for the cutting process as denoted by a sharp slope in Fig. 4a and b. These results were
verified by the ANOVA analysis.

(a) (b)

Fig. 4. Main effects plot of the factors for (a) laser-based measurement (b) stylus-based
measurement.

The mean surface roughness values from laser based system for MDF, Ayous wood and Beech
wood were found as 14.27 µm, 18.78 µm and 18.85 µm, respectively. The mean surface
roughness values from stylus based technique for MDF, Ayous wood and Beech wood were
determined as 5.94 µm, 7.82 µm and 7.85 µm, respectively.

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3.2. Analysis of interaction effects

The two-way interactions plots are shown in Fig. 5a and 5b. These plots display the impact of the
factors on each other. From the Fig. 5a and 5b, surface roughness decreased with lower feed rate
and higher spindle speed. The interaction effect between feed rate and spindle speed had a
significant role on the surface quality. In addition, minimum surface roughness value resulted with
higher spindle speed and material type of MDF. These results were verified from the main effect
plot shown in section 3.1.
(a) (b)

Fig. 5. Interaction effects plot of the factors for (a) laser-based measurement (b) stylus-based
measurement.

The factor effects were significant with an error margin. In Table 7, dual comparisons were
performed employing Tukey’s test. According to the results, CNC processing parameters such as
feed rate and spindle speed affected the surface roughness. Laser and stylus based measurement
results of the variable model explanation levels were determined as 95.72 % ( R 2 ), 95.70 %
( Adj  R 2 ) and 99.98 % ( R 2 ), 99.80 % ( Adj  R 2 ), respectively.
Table 7
Grouping analysis based on Tukey’s test of surface roughness for the specimens.
Source N Mean Grouping

Material Type
Beech Wood 6000 (12) 18.85 (8.41) A (A)
Ayous Wood 6000 (12) 18.78 (8.29) A (A)
MDF 6000 (12) 14.27 (6.11) B (B)

Feed Rate
2 (m/min) 9000 (18) 19.55 (6.50) A (A)
8 (m/min) 9000 (18) 15.06 (8.71) B (B)

Spindle Speed
15000 (rpm) 9000 (18) 21.60 (9.74) A (A)
18000 (rpm) 9000 (18) 13.00 (5.47) B (B)

Numbers in parenthesis are stylus-based surface roughness measurement results.

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3.3. Evaluation of accuracy of the model

Normality assumption is confirmed by using the normal probability plot and a histogram of
residuals. As seen in Fig. 6a, the residuals fall on a straight line implying normal distribution.
Moreover, in Fig. 6b, the standardized residuals appear as normal distribution. Fig. 6c and 6d
display the residuals in a horizontal band and with no systematic pattern. Standardized residuals,
instead of ordinary residuals were applied to identify the outliers data. Standardized residuals d i
were computed by Eq. (5):

eij
di  (5)
MS E

The term of MS E is mean error sum of square. In Fig. 6b, standardized residuals values were
calculated in interval  3  d i  3 . According to residuals plots for full factorial design matrix data,
the proposed model was adequate and there was no evidence to suspect any violation of the
independence or constant variance assumption [32].

(a) (b)
Histogram
(response is Ra (µm))
9

6
Frequency

0
-1,5 -1,0 -0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
Standardized Residual

(c) (d)

Fig. 6. (a) Normal probability plot for standardized residuals (b) histogram of standardized
residuals (c) versus order for standardized residuals (d) versus fits for standardized residuals.

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4. Discussion

Wood surface quality is the quality of some variables such as bonding quality, painting properties
and surface roughness. Wood surface quality is a significant factor affected by the manufacturing
process such as feed rate, spindle speed and machine type.
In this study, spindle speed, feed rate and material type were found as main effects on the surface
roughness by using ANOVA. Fig. 4a and 4b showed that these parameters were effective factors
on the wood surface roughness. From Fig. 5a and 5b, interaction of AB, AC, BC and ABC were
effective parameters in the cutting process. The surface roughness decreased with the increased
spindle speed and decreased feed rate. According to the interaction between feed rate and material
type, feed rate performed a rare impact on Ayous wood surface where it performed higher impact
on Beech wood and MDF surfaces. Spindle speed was more effective on the surface quality of
Ayous wood than Beech wood. This result is meaningful considering the lower density of Ayous
wood with respect to Beech wood.
Prakash and Palanikumar [25] applied Taguchi method to investigate spindle speed, feed rate and
tool diameter as MDF drilling variables. In this study full factorial design was used to investigate
spindle speed, feed rate and material type. The study of Prakash and Palanikumar resulted finding
the feed rate as the most effective parameter on MDF surface similar to the results for MDF in this
study. Davim et al. [24] studied CNC processing parameters of MDF such as spindle speed,
cutting speed and feed rate. Higher spindle speed and higher feed rate performed smother surfaces
where in the present study lower feed rate and higher spindle speed performed minimum surface
roughness. Fiber structures of the MDF and machine properties could be the parameters for the
differences in the results of the two studies.
In the study of Sütcü and Karagöz [28] the surface roughness of MDF increased with lower
spindle speed, lower stepover, lower feed rate and lower depth of cut. With one contrast to this,
study of Deus et al. [30] reported that the surface roughness value of MDF increased with lower
spindle speed and higher feed rate for 1 mm depth of cut which shows similarity to our study.

In this work, the wood surface quality was determined with laser based robotic measurement
system. The results obtained from this system were compared with the stylus-based measurements
results. According to Fig. 4a and 4b, Fig. 5a and 5b and Tables 5, 6 and 7, the results of laser-
based measurements were verified with stylus based measurement.

5. Conclusions

In this study, full factorial design was applied to determine the effective parameters for wood
cutting process using laser-based robotic measurement system and stylus-based technique. Spindle
speed, feed rate and material type were selected as machining parameters. Based on the results,
the following conclusions were made:
 Main and interaction effects of cutting parameters were analyzed. The main and
interactions between the parameter effects were highly effective on the surface quality for
both laser and stylus measurement techniques.
 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that the surface roughness values were
highly influenced by feed rate, spindle speed and material type. Moreover, the surface
roughness values were decreased with higher spindle speed and lower feed rate.
 Minimum surface roughness values of MDF, Ayous and Beech wood for laser and stylus
techniques were found as spindle speed of 18000 rpm and feed rate of 2 m/min. The
results of laser-based measurement system and stylus-based technique were found to be
compatible.

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  ANOVA analysis showed that the models were statistically significant and suitable for all
the cutting parameters for higher R² and R²-adjusted values. These values verified the high
correlations between the experimental and predicted data of response. The errors were
distributed normally since the residuals were generally on a straight line.
As the result of this study, laser technique is one of the suitable techniques for evaluation of wood
surface quality.

Acknowledgment
This study is supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul
University with Project no.BAP-46844.

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Graphical abstract

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Highlights
The effects of CNC processing parameters on the surface quality in wood materials were
determined.
Laser based robotic system was used for the measurements of the surfaces.
Surface roughness values were affected by the variations of the material subjects.

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