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DISEÑO DE LA ESCALERA

Diseñar la escalera que presenta las siguientes características: el primer tramo se apoya en una
zapata de ancho igual a 40 cm. y peralte de 60 cm, s/c = 400 Kg./m2. Usar f’c = 210 Kg./cm2, Y
fy = 4200 Kg./cm2.

 Predimencionamiento

Estimación del espesor:

10.60
e  42.4cm
25 e  42 cm.  d  39 cm.
e  3.5  10.60  37.10

Estimación de pasos y contrapasos

61cm  2c  p  64cm
43cm  c  p  45cm  c  17cm, p  30cm
45cm  c * p  48cm

Cp e
h  Cos α = 0.87
2 cos 

17 42
h   56.78  h = 56.78cm.
2 0.87
Metrado de cargas:

Peso propio = 0.5218 x 2.4 x 1.00 = 1.25 t/m

Piso terminado = 0.10 x 1.00 = 0.10 t/m WD =1.35 t/m.

Sobrecarga = 0.40 x 1.00 = 0.40 t/m. WL = 0.40 t/m.

Wu = 1.4 x 1.35 + 1.7 x 0.40  Wu = 2.57 t/m.

Descanzo:

Peso propio = 0.20 x 2.4 x 1.00 = 0.48 t/m

Piso terminado = 0.10 x 1.00 = 0.10 t/m WD = 0.58 t/m.

Sobrecarga = 0.40 x 1.00 = 0.40 t/m. WL = 0.40 t/m.

Wu = 1.4 x 0.58 + 1.7 x 0.40  Wu = 1.49 t/m.

6.25 2
M2  0 R1  6.25  1.49 
2
 1.08 * 3.50 *1.75  0  R1  5.71 Tn

6.25 2
M 1 0 R2  6.35  1.49 
2
 1.08 * 3.50 * 4.50  0  R2  7.38 Tn

Wux 2 2.57 x 2 M
Mu max  R2 x   7.38 x   0
2 2 x

7.38 – 2.57 x = 0  x = 2.87 m.< 3.50 m. ........... OK


2.57  2.87 2 Mu
Mu max  6.49  2.87   8.04 t  m    8.93 t  m.
2 

Mn ρmax = 54.35 x 100 x 352 = 66.58t-m. > Mu/ф

Mn ρmin = 7.40 x 100 x 352 = 9.07 t-m. ˃ Mu/ф  necesitamos ASmin

Cálculo del refuerzo:

Mu /  9.07  10 5
As     , a  0.2353 As
fyd  a / 2 420035  a / 2

MU/Ф = 1.19: a = 1.48 As(+) = 6.30 a = 1.48

3 e  3  38  76 cm.
Espaciamiento S max    S max  45 cm.
45 cm

100 Ab 100  2.00


S  S  31.75 ;  Usar Ø ½” @ 25cm
As 6.30

As   6.30
As      3.15 cm 2  AsT 
2 2

AsT° = 0.0018 x 100 x 38 = 6.84 cm2.  As(-) = 6.84 cm2.

100  0.71
S3 / 8   10.38  Usar Ø3/8” @ 10cm
6.84

Segundo tramo:

10.50 2
M2  0 R1  10.50  1.49 
2
 1.08 * 3.75 * 5.875  0  R1  10.09 Tn
10.50 2
 M1  0 R2  10.50  1.49 
2
 1.08 * 3.75 * 4.625  0  R2  9.61 Tn

Wux 2 2.57 x 2 1.08( x  2.75) 2 M


Mu max  R1 x   10.09 x    0
2 2 2 x

10.09 – 2.57 x - 1.08(x-2.75) = 0  x = 3.58 m

1.49  3.58 2 1.08 * (3.58  2.75) 2


Mu max  10.09 * 3.58    27.956t  m
2 2

Mu
  31.06 t  m.

Mn ρmax = 54.35 x 100 x 352 = 66.58t-m. > Mu/ф

Mn ρmin = 7.40 x 100 x 352 = 9.07 t-m. < Mu/ф  no necesitamos ASmin

Cálculo del refuerzo:

  Mu /  31.06  10 5
As   , a  0.2353 As
fyd  a / 2 420035  a / 2

MU/Ф = 1.19: a = 5.39 As(+) = 22.89 a = 5.39

3 e  3  38  76 cm.
Espaciamiento S max    S max  45 cm.
45 cm

100 Ab 100  2.00


S  S  8.74 ;  Usar Ø ½” @ 8cm
As 22.89

As   22.89
As      11.45 cm 2  AsT 
2 2

AsT° = 0.0018 x 100 x 38 = 6.84 cm2.  As(-) = 6.84 cm2.

100  0.71
S3 / 8   10.38  Usar Ø3/8” @ 10cm
6.84
Graficos de la escalera

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