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FORM 4
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ITEM MEANING / DEFINITION
penyiasatan dalam suatu eksperimen
Responding variable A physical quantity which changes in response to changes to the
Pembolehubah bergerakbalas manipulated variable
Kuantiti fizik yang yang berubah disebabkan oleh perubahan kepada
pembolehubah dimanipulasikan
Fixed variable A physical quantity which is kept constant throughout the experiment
Pembolehubah dimalarkan Kuantiti fizik yang dikekalkan malar sepanjang eksperimen
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ITEM MEANING / DEFINITION
Daya impuls explosion
Daya yang besar yang bertindak untuk masa yang pendek semasa
suatu perlanggaran atau letupan
Weight The force of gravity which is exerted on it by earth.
Berat Daya tindakan gravity ke atas suatu jasad.
Mass The amount of matter in the object.
Jisim Jumlah kuantiti jirim di dalam suatu objek.
Free fall Free fall occurs when an object falling under the force of gravity only
Jatuh bebas without being affected by any other external forces.
Jatuh bebas berlaku apabila suatu objek jatuh disebabkan oleh daya
gravity sahaja tanpa kesan daripada sebarang daya luar.
Work The product of force and the displacement along the direction of the
Kerja force
Hasil darab daya dengan sesaran dalam arah daya itu.
Energy The capacity to do work.
Tenaga Keupayaan melakukan kerja.
Gravitational field The region in which an object experiences a force due to gravitational
Medan graviti attraction.
Kawasan di mana suatu objek mengalami daya yang disebabkan oleh
tarikan graviti
Potential energy The energy of an object because of its position.
Tenaga keupayaan Tenaga yang dimiliki oleh suatu objek disebabkan oleh kedudukannya.
Elastic potential energy The energy of an object when it is stretched or compressed
Tenaga keupayaan kenyal Tenaga yang dimiliki oleh objek yang diregang atau dimampat
Kinetic energy The energy of an object due to its motion
Tenaga kinetik Tenaga yang dimiliki oleh suatu jasad disebabkan oleh gerakannya.
The principle of conservation of Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can be transformed from one
energy form to another, but the total energy in a closed system is constant.
Prinsip keabadian momentum Tenaga tidak boleh dicipta atau dimusnahkan tetapi boleh berubah
bentuk ke bentuk yang lain. Jumlah tenaga di dalam suatu system
tertutup adalah tetap.
Power The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.
Kuasa Kadar melakukan kerja atau pemindahan tenaga.
Elasticity The property of an object that enables it to return to its original shape
Kekenyalan and dimensions (size) after an applied external force is removed.
Keupayaan bahan untuk kembali ke bentuk dan saiz asalnya apabila
tindakan daya yang dikenakan dialihkan.
Hooke’s law The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the stretching force
Hukum Hooke provided the elastic limit is not exceeded.
Pemanjangan spring adalah berkadar terus dengan daya regangan
dengan syarat had kenyal tidak dilampaui.
Elastic limit The elastic limit of a spring is the maximum stretching force which can
Had kenyal be applied to the spring before it ceases to be elastic.
Had kenyal suatu spring adalah daya maksimum yang boleh dikenakan
pada spring itu sebelum ia hilang kekenyalannya.
Force constant (spring constant) The force constant of a spring is the force per unit extension.
Pemalar daya (pemalar spring) Pemalar daya spring ialah daya per unit pemanjangan
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ITEM MEANING / DEFINITION
Pressure The force acting perpendicularly on unit area of a surface.
Tekanan Daya yang bertindak secara normal pada seunit luas permukaan
Atmospheric Pressure The pressure which is caused by the weight of the thick layer of air
Tekanan Atmosfera (atmosphere) above the earth’s surface.
Tekanan yang disebabkan oleh lapisan tebal udara di atas
permukaan bumi.
Archimedes’ principle An object that is completely or partially immersed in a fluid is acted
Prinsip Archimedes on by a buoyant force which is equal to the weight of the displaced
fluid.
Objek yang direndam atau separa rendam dalam suatu bendalir
akan dikenakan oleh satu daya julangan yang sama dengan berat
bendalir yang tersesar oleh jasad itu.
Bernoulli’s principle In a steady flow of a fluid, the pressure of the fluid decreases when
Prinsip Bernoulli the velocity of the fluid increases.
Dalam suatu pengaliran bendalir yang mantap, tekanan bendalir itu
berkurang apabila laju pengaliran bertambah.
Pascal's principle The pressure applied on the surface of an enclosed liquid is
Prinsip Pascal transmitted uniformly throughout the liquid
Tekanan yang dikenakan pada permukaan suatu cecair akan
dipindahkan dengan seragam ke seluruh cecair.
Law of flotation The weight of an object floating on the surface of a liquid is equal to
Hukum apungan the weight of the liquid displaced by the object.
Berat objek yang terapung adalah sama dengan berat cecair yang
disesarkan
Hydrometer An instrument that measures the relative density of liquids.
Hidrometer Alat untuk mengukur ketumpatan relatif cecair.
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ITEM MEANING / DEFINITION
Haba pendam tentu pelakuran from solid to liquid without a change in temperature.
Kuantiti haba yang diperlukan untuk mengubah
1 kg bahan dari pepejal ke cecair tanpa perubahan suhu.
Specific latent heat of vaporisation The quantity of heat energy required to change 1 kg of the substance
Haba pendam tentu pengewapan from liqiud to gas without a change in temperature.
Kuantiti haba yang diperlukan untuk menggubah
1 kg bahan dari cecair ke gas tanpa perubahan suhu.
Boiling A process where a liquid changes to vapour at a constant
Pendidihan temperature known as the boiling point.
Proses di mana cecair berubah menjadi wap pada suhu tetap yang
dikenali sebagai takat didih.
Boyle’s law The pressure of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its
Hukum Boyle volume provided the temperature of the gas is kept constant.
Tekanan bagi suatu jisim tetap gas berkadar songsang dengan
isipadu apabila suhu adalah tetap.
Charles’ Law The volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its
Hukum Charles absolute temperature provided the pressure of the gas is kept
constant.
Isipadu suatu jisim tetap gas berkadar terus dengan suhu mutlaknya
apabila tekanan gas itu dikekalkan tetap
Pressure law The pressure of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its
Hukum Tekanan absolute temperature provided the volume of the gas is kept
constant.
Tekanan suatu jisim tetap gas berkadar terus dengan suhu mutlaknya
apabila isipadu gas itu dikekalkan tetap
Laws of refraction 1 The incident ray, refracted ray and the normal at the point of
Hukum pembiasan incidence all lie in the same plane.
2 Snell's law : The ratio (sin i) / (sin r) is a constant.
1 Sinar tuju, sinar biasan dan garis normal di titik tuju berada
pada satah yang sama.
2 Nisbah (sin i) / (sin r) adalah suatu pemalar
Apparent depth The distance of the image formed by refraction from the surface of
Dalam ketara the water.
Jarak dari permukaan air ke imej yang dibentuk oleh pembiasan
Real depth The distance of the object from the surface of the water.
Dalam nyata Jarak dari permukaan air ke objek
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ITEM MEANING / DEFINITION
Total internal reflection Total internal reflection occurs when light travelling in a denser
Pantulan dalam penuh medium towards a less dense medium is totally reflected when the
angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle
Pantulan dalam penuh berlaku apabila cahaya yang merambat
dalam medium yang lebih tumpat kea rah medium yang kurang
tumpat dipantul sepenuhnya apabila sudut tuju melebihi sudut
genting
Critical angle The angle of incidence in the optically denser medium for which the
Sudut genting angle of refraction in the less dense medium is 90 o
Sudut tuju dalam medium lebih tumpat yang menyebabkan sudut
biasan dalam medium yang kurang tumpat menjadi 90o
FORM 5
6
ITEM MEANING / DEFINITION
Resonans amplitude when the driving frequency is equal to the natural
frequency of the system.
Reflection of waves Reflection of waves is the change in direction of propagation when a
Pantulan gelombang wave strikes an obstacle.
Incident waves The waves moving towards an obstacle.
Gelombang Tuju
Reflected wave The wave which has undergone a change in direction of propagation
Gelombang Pantulan after reflection.
Angle of incidence The angle between the direction of propagation of the incident wave
Sudut Tuju and the normal
Angle of reflection The angle between the direction of propagation of reflected wave
Sudut pantulan and the normal.
Law of Reflection The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
Hukum Pantulan
Refraction of waves Refraction is the change of direction of propagation when the speed
Pembiasan Gelombang of a wave changes as it moves from one medium to another
Diffraction of wave Diffraction of waves is the spreading of waves as they pass through
Pembelauan Gelombang an aperture or around the edge of an obstacle
Principle of superposition The sum of the displacements of all the component waves at the
Prinsip superposisi point.
Coherent waves Waves of the same frequency and are in phase.
Gelombang Koheren
Interference Superposition of two coherent waves constructively or destructively
Interferens
Constructive interference Occurs when two waves that are in phase superimpose
Interferens membina to produce a wave with crests and troughs of maximum amplitude.
Destructive interference Occurs when two waves that are out of phase superimpose to
Interferens memusnah produce zero resultant amplitude
Antinode A point where constructive interference occurs.
Antinod
Node A point where destructive interference occurs.
Nod
Sound wave Sounds are longitudinal waves produced by vibrations such as the
Gelombang bunyi vibrations of the diaphragm of a loudspeaker, guitar string and tuning
fork.
Loudness The intensity of a sound as heard by an observer (depends on the
Kenyaringan amplitude of the sound)
Pitch The pitch of the sound is an indication of the sharpness of a sound
Kelangsingan (depends on the frequency of the sound)
SONAR Sound Navigation and Ranging (SONAR) is a system used to detect
underwater objects or to determine the depth of the water by means
of an echo.
Electromagnetic waves Electromagnetic waves are propagating waves in space with electric
Gelombang elektromagnet and magnetic components.
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Beza keupayaan charge from one point to another in an electric field.
Ohm’s Law The electric current flowing through a conductor is directly
Hukum Ohm proportional to the potential difference across the ends of the
conductor, if the temperature and other physical dimensions remain
constant.
Ohmic Conductor Material which obey Ohm’s Law
Konduktor Ohm
Non Ohmic Conductor Material which do not obey Ohm’s Law
Konduktor bukan Ohm
Resistance Resistance is defined as (potential difference)/(current)
Rintangan
Effective Resistance The effective resistance is the combined resistance in the circuit.
Rintangan berkesan
Electromotive Force (e.m.f) The total energy supplied by a cell when one unit of charge flows
Daya gerak elektrik (d.g.e.) through the cell.
Internal Resistance The resistance within a cell due to its electrolyte or electrodes
Rintangan dalam
Electrical Energy Energy supplied by a source of electricity (cell / battery) when current
Tenaga elektrik flows in a closed circuit.
Power Power is the rate of transfer of electrical energy
Kuasa
Power Rating The power rating of an appliance denotes the rate at which it
Kadar kuasa consumes electrical energy at a certain voltage
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ITEM MEANING / DEFINITION
Step-down transformer A transformer that steps down voltage
Transformer injak turun
Ideal transformer A transformer where the output power is equal to the input power
Transformer unggul and the efficiency is 100%
Transmission of electricity The transmission of electricity from the power station to consumers
Penghantaran elektrik (industries and residential areas) by electric cables
National Grid Network The national grid is a network of electrical cables connecting
Rangkaian Grid Nasional electrical power stations to consumers of electricity.
Logic gate A logic gate is an electronic switch with one or more inputs and only
Get logik one output.
Truth table A truth table shows the results of every possible output given every
Jadual kebenaran possible input.
AND gate A logic gate where the output is 1 only when both inputs are 1
Get DAN
NOT gate A logic gate that inverts the input
Get TAK
Or gate A logic gate where the Output is 1 except when both inputs are 0
Get ATAU
CHAPTER TEN (RADIOACTIVITY)
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ITEM MEANING / DEFINITION
Nucleus The small core of the atoms which contains the protons and neutrons
Nukleus
Nucleon Protons and neutrons
Nukleon
Proton number, Z The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Nombor proton
Nucleon number, A The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
Nombor nucleon
Nuclide A nuclide is one type of nucleus with a particular proton number and
Nuklid a particular nucleon number.
Isotope Atoms of an element which have the same proton number but
Isotop different nucleon numbers
Radioisotope Isotopes with unstable nuclei
Radioisotop
Radioactivity Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of unstable nucleus
Radioaktiviti into a more stable nucleus with the random emission of radiation.
Radioactive decay Radioactive decay is a process where an unstable nucleus becomes a
Reputan radioaktif more stable nucleus by emitting radiation
Alpha decay A radioactive decay where an alpha particle is emitted
Reputan alfa
Beta decay A radioactive decay where a beta particle is emitted
Reputan beta
Gamma decay A radioactive decay where gamma rays are emitted
Reputan gama
Half life The time taken for mass or activity of a radioactive substance to
Setengah hayat become half its original value
Atomic mass unit (a.m.u) The atomic mass unit (a.m.u) is used to measure the masses of
Unit jisim atom atomic particles.
Nuclear fission A process involving the splitting of a heavy nucleus into two lighter
Pembelahan nuklear nuclei and several neutrons at the same time
Chain reaction A chain reaction is a self-sustaining reaction in which the neutrons
Tindak balas berantai produced in a reaction can initiate another similar reaction.
Nuclear fusion Nuclear fusion is the combining of two lighter nuclei to form a
Pelakuran nuklear heavier nucleus
Nuclear reactor A nuclear reactor produces tremendous amount of energy through
Reaktor nuklear nuclear fission.
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