Appendix D

Standard Electrode Potentials

for A q u e o u s S o l u t i o n s

FOR M O R E comprehensive information, see A. J. Bard, R. Parsons and

J. Jordan, "Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solution," Dekker, New York,
1985, from which the following E ~ values are taken.

A c i d i c S o l u t i o n s ([H +] -- 1.0 tool k g - 1 )

Half-reaction E ~(V)
Li + + e - ~- Li -3.045
K++e- ~K -2.925
Na + + e - ~ Na -2.714
La 3 + + 3 e - ~La -2.37
Mg 2 + + 2 e - @Mg -2.356
!H2
2 + e- ~H- -2.25
Be 2 + + 2 e - ~ B e -1.97
Zr 4 + + 4 e - ~- Zr -1.70
A13+ + 3e- @ A1 -1.67
Ti 3 + + 3 e - @Ti -1.21
Mn 2 + + 2 e - @ M n -1.18
V 2+ + 2e- @ V -1.13
SiO2(glass) + 4H + + 4e- @ Si + 2H20 -0.888
Zn 2 + + 2 e - @ Zn -0.763
U 4+ + e - ~- U 3+ -0.52
Fe 2+ + 2e- @ Fe -0.44

451
452 Appendix D

Half-reaction E~
Cr 3 + + e - ~ C r 2+ -0.424
Cd 2 + + 2 e - ~--Cd -0.403
PbSO4 + 2e- ~ Pb + SO4 2- -0.351
Eu 3 + + e - @ Eu 2+ -0.35
Co 2 + + 2 e - @ C o -0.277
H3PO4 + 2H + + 2e- @ H3PO3 + H20 -0.276
Ni 2+ + 2e- ~ Ni -0.257
V 3+ + e- ~ V 2+ -0.255
28042- A- 4H + + 2e- @ 8 2 0 6 2 - -~- 2H20 -0.253
N2 + 5H + + 4e- ~- N2H5 + -0.23
CO2 + 2H + + 2e- @ HCOOH -0.16
AgI+e- @Ag+I- -0.152
Sn 2 + + 2 e - @ S n -0.136
Pb 2 + + 2 e - @ P b -0.125
2H + + 2e- @ H2 0.000
HCOOH + 2H + + 2e- @ HCHO + H20 +O.056
AgBr + e- @ Ag + B r - +0.071
TiO e+ + 2 H + + e- @ Ti 3+ + H20 +0.100
S + 2 H + + 2 e - @H2S +0.144
Sn 4+ + 2e- @ Sn 2+ +0.15
SO42- + 4H + + 2e- @ H2803 + H20 +0.158
Cu 2+ + e- @ Cu + +0.159
AgC1 + e- r Ag + C1- +0.222
HCHO + 2H + + 2e- @ CH3OH +0.232
UO22+ + 4H + + 2e- r U 4+ + 2H20 +0.27
VO 2 + + 2 H + + e - ~V 3++H20 +0.337
Cu e + + 2 e - ~Cu +0.340
Fe(CN)63- + e- @---Fe(CN)64- +0.361
2H2803 + 2H + + 4e- ~ $203 e- + 3HeO +0.400
HeSO3 + 4H + + 4e- ~ S + 3H20 +O.50O
4H2803 + 4H + + 6e- ~ $4062- + 6H20 +O.507
Cu + + e- ~ Cu +0.520
I 2 + 2 e - ~--2I- +O.5355
I3- + 2e- @ 3I- +0.536
MnO4- + e- ~ MnO42- +O.56
$2062- + 4H + + 2e- r 2H2803 +O.569
 S t a n d a r d E l e c t r o d e P o t e n t i a l s for A q u e o u s S o l u t i o n s 453

Half-reaction E ~(V )
CH3OH + 2H + + 2e- ~ CH4 + H20 +0.59
HN3 + 11H + + 8e- ~ 3NH4 + +0.695
02 + 2H + + 2e- ~- H202 +0.695
Rh 3+ + 3e- ~ Rh +0.76
(NCS)2 + 2e- ~ 2NCS- +0.77
Fe 3+ + e - ~ Fe 2+ +0.771
Hg22+ + 2e- ~ 2Hg +0.796
Ag + + e - ~ Ag +0.799
2NO3- + 4H + + 2e- ~- N204 + 2H20 +0.803
Hg 2 + + 2 e - ~ Hg +0.911
N O 3 - + 3H + + 2e- ~ HNO2 + H20 +0.94
NO3- + 4H + + 3e- ~ NO + 2H20 +0.957
HNO2+H ++e- ~NO+H20 +O.996
N204 + 4H + + 4 e - ~-~ 2NO + 2H20 +1.039
Br2 + 2e- ~- 2Br- +1.065
N204 + 2H + + 2e- ~ 2HNO2 +1.07
H202+H ++e- ~-OH+H20 +1.14
C104- + 2H + + 2 e - ~ C103- + H20 +1.201
02 + 4H + + 4e- @ 2H20 +1.229
MnO2 + 4H + + 2e- ~ Mn 2+ + 2H20 +1.23
N2H5 + + 3H + + 2e- ~ 2NH4 + +1.275
C12 + 2e- ~- 2C1- +1.358
Cr2072- + 14H + + 6e- ~ 2Cr 3+ + 7H20 +1.36
PbO2 + 4H + + 2e- ~ Pb 2+ + 2H20 9 +1.468
2BrO3- + 12H + + 10e- ~ Br2 + 6H20 +1.478
Mn 3 + + e - ~ M n 2+ +1.51
Au 3+ + 3e- ~-~ Au +1.52
NiO2 + 4H + + 2e- ~ Ni 2+ + 2H20 +1.593
2HBrO + 2H + + 2e- ~- Br2 + 2H20 +1.604
2HC10 + 2H + + 2e- ~ C12 + 2H20 +1.630
PbO2 + SO42- + 4H + + 2e- ~ PbSO4 + 2H20 +1.698
M n O 4 - + 4H + + 3e- ~ MnO2 + 2H20 +1.70
Ce 4 + + e - ~ C e 3+ +1.72
H202 + 2H + + 2e- ~ 2H20 +1.763
Au + + e - ~ Au +1.83
Co 3 + + e - ~ C o 2+ +1.92
454 Appendix D

Half-reaction E~
HN3+3H ++2e- ~NH4 ++N2 +1.96
S2Os 2- + 2e- @ 28042- +1.96
03 + 2H + + 2e- ~ 0 2 -~"H20 +2.075
9O H + H + + e - ~ H 2 0 +2.38
F2+2H ++2e- ~2HF +3.053

B a s i c S o l u t i o n s ( [ O H - ] -- 1.0 m o l kg - 1 )

Half-reaction E~
Ca(OH)2 + 2e- ~ Ca + 2OH- -3.026
Mg(OH)2 + 2e- ~ Mg + 2OH- -2.687
AI(OH)4- + 3e- ~ A1 + 4OH- -2.310
SiO32- + 3H20 + 4e- ~ Si + 6OH- -1.7
Mn(OH)2 + 2e- ~ Mn + 2OH- -1.56
2TIO2 + H20 + 2e- ~ Ti203 + 2OH- -1.38
Cr(OH)3 + 3e- ~ Cr + 3OH- -1.33
2--
Zn(OH)4 + 2e- ~ Zn + 4OH- -1.285
2+
Zn(NH3)4 + 2e- ~ Zn + 4NH3 -1.04
MnO2 + 2H20 + 4e- ~ Mn + 4OH- -0.980
Cd(CN)42- + 2e- ~ Cd + 4 C N - -0.943
SO42- + H20 + 2e- ~ 8032- + 2OH- -0.94
2H20 + 2e- ~ H2 + 2OH- -O.828
HFeO2- + H20 + 2e- r Fe + 3OH- -0.8
Co(OH)2 + 2e- ~ Co + 2OH- -0.733
CrO42- + 4H20 + 3e- ~ Cr(OH)4- + 4OH- -0.72
Ni(OH)2 + 2e- r Ni + 2OH- -0.72
FeO2- + H20 + e- ~ HFeO2- + O H - -0.69
2SO32- + 3H20 + 4e- ~ $2032- + 6OH- -0.58
Ni(NH3)62+ + 2e- ~ Ni + 6NH3 -0.476
S + 2e- ~ S 2- -0.45
02 + e - ~-- 02- -0.33
CuO + H20 + 2e- ~-- Cu + 2OH- -0.29
Mn203 + 3H20 + 2e- ~ 2Mn(OH)2 + 2OH- -0.25
2CuO + H20 + 2e- @ Cu20 + 2OH- -0.22
 S t a n d a r d E l e c t r o d e P o t e n t i a l s for A q u e o u s S o l u t i o n s 455

Half-reaction E ~( V )
02 + H20 + 2e- ~ HO2- + O H - -0.065
MnO2 + 2H20 + 2e- ~ Mn(OH)2 + 2OH- -0.05
NO3- + H20 + 2e- @ NO2- + 2OH- +0.01
Co(NH3)63+ + e- ~ Co(NH3)62+ +0.058
HgO(red form) + H20 + 2e- @ Hg + 2OH- +0.098
N2H4 + 2H20 + 2e- ~ 2NH3 + 2OH- +0.1
Co(OH)3 + e- ~ Co(OH)2 + O H - +0.17
HO2- + H20 + e- @-- .OH + 2OH- +0.184
0 2 - + H20 + e- ~ HO2- + O H - +0.20
C103- + H20 + 2e- ~ C102- + 2OH- +0.295
Ag20 + H20 + 2e- r 2Ag + 2OH- +0.342
Ag(NH3)2 + + e- ~ Ag + 2NH3 +0.373
ClO4- + H20 + 2e- @ C103- + 2OH- +0.374
02 + 2H20 + 4e- ~ 4OH- +0.401
NiO2 + 2H20 + 2e- ~ Ni(OH)2 + 2OH- +0.490
FeO42- + 2H20 + 3e- ~ FeO2- + 4OH- +0.55
BrO3- + 3H20 + 6e- @ B r - + 6OH- +0.584
MnO42- + 2H20 + 2e- @ MnO2 + 4OH- +0.62
C102- + H20 + 2e- @ C10- + 2OH- +0.681
B r O - + H20 + 2e- @ B r - + 2OH- +0.766
HO2- + H20 + 2e- @ 3OH- +0.867
C10- + H20 + 2e- @ C1- + 2OH- +0.890
C102 + e- ~ C102- +1.041
03 + H20 + 2e- ~ O2 + 2OH- +1.246
OH + e- ~ OH- +1.985