CuapTer 1 - Determinacy Indeterminacy and Stability of Structures INTRODUCTIO} ‘The aim of structural analysis is to find forces/moments in various components of structures. If these forces ean be found out by the use of equation of static equlibrium, the structure is called statically determinate EQUATION OF..STATIC, EQUILIBRIUM] . yr, <0 «© Ina2D structure or planer structure (in which all members and forcesare in °F =o} 3nos. ‘one plane only) the equations of equilibrium are SM=0 © Ina. 8D structures or space structures (in which members and forces are in 3-D). The equations of equilibrium are DR=0 YM =0 - Sr -0 SM,-o} 6n0s a ER-0 EM=0) ~ + Ifhowever, member forces cannot be found by equations of static equilibrium alone, the structure is called statically indeterminate. In this case additional equations needed are obtained by relating the applied loads and reactions to the displacements or slopes known at different points on the structure. These equations are called Compatibility equations. IDEGREE .OF STATIC INDETERMINACY: (D, - [* of unknown forces in sere pay of static equilibrium available or at support reactions Deg ofenternal tla at Da Mei lakearginner Dégree of internal : statie indetormina ‘Thus total indeterminacy ofa structure in excess of external indeterminacy is called intemal indeterminacy2 SUPPORT: REACTIONS] Restraining of deformations at support gives rise to support reactions. Plane Structure a -E— fj. h, : Structure Analysis CIVIL_ENGINEERING ~ Fixed support restrains 4,, A,,®,, hence support reactions are R,, R, and M, (3 nos.) 4 Fixed ahr Pin support support 5. : Support reactions are Support reactions are fee RR) 3 noe ®R, RM, M,, M3 6 nos. EXTERNAL INDETERMINACY -(D,5) _ [Total no, of support. fe of equationsef static equilibrium] * [reactions in the structure || available Dg, = R-3—> for Plane Structure R-6—> for Space Structure Wyo say INDETERMINACY ,(D.;) Dg Ds- Ds. = Total indeterminacy - External indeterminacy Support resetion is 1 mo. — teeeeneemememmmmmmmmenmmmaaiin| :CIVIL, ENGINEERING Determinacy Indeterminacy . 3 IDEGREE OF STATIC; INDETERMINACY. FOR FRAME: Frames are rigid jointed structures. All the joints afe made rigid by providing'extra restraint R’. The structure is then cut to make it, Open Tree like determinate structure. Dg = 3C-R’ —> for plane frame = 6C ~ R'—> for space frame C= No.of cuts to make structure determinate R’= no, of restraints applied to make all joints rigid. OPEN’ TREE. LIKE: STRUCTURE} ‘The structure is cut in such a way,that each individual cut part look: like a tree as shown here. Note that 1, Tree should have only one root, 2. Tree cannot have a closed looped branch. OMe ‘Root No, of restraint that is. required to be applied to make the structure rigid is no, at A ie. 2nos. at F ie, thus, Total no/of added ¥estrain = R’ = 1+ 2= 3 This R’ = 8 cor eaponds to 8 known reaction conditions i.e. Ma, = 0. Mp, = 0, Ry Open Tree Like Structure ot4. Structure Analysis CIVIL_ENGINEERING * If these 6 reactions atthe cut section are known, the structure becomes conmpletely detérminate i forces in all members AB, BC, DE, EF, CD, BE can be determined ‘Thus, no. of unknowns are: (6 reactions at the cut section—3 known edaditions ie.R, =M, =My =0) As the no of cuts are C= 2, the no. of unknowns can be written as 3x 2-3 ie. 9xC-R Note: The above structure is externally determinate, because the number of cand equation of static equillibriums is also 3. But the structure is internal degree. - a e ae a. “Ey jindeheoVALE HUES eA Sega Ce gee) No. of restraint required to make a joint rigid = 'No. of support reactions] [No of supportzeactions’ for fixed support of actual support BERNA taro eere tape : Plane Frame (Joint having hinge) — No. of restraining moments required at a joint where manembers meet = (m — 1) Space Frame [Joints having hinge} No. of restraining moment required at a joint where m-member meet = Sm ~ 1), Chae Le ahaa 1) RESTRAINING: MOMENT: AT JOIN’ Cee seit ton id, rotation of one member with respect to other will be zero as shown in However, with joint having hinge, OC, OB and OD will have rotation with respect to OA. To make these three relative rotations zero, we need to apply 3-moments, ‘Thus for 4-members meeting at a joint, no. of restraining moments required = 3 = (4 - 1) Hence, for m-members meeting at a joint, no. of restraining moments required = (m ~ 1). On similar lines, it can be shown that in space frame, each member has 3-rotations possible in 3+ different planes. Hence with respect. to one member no. of rotations possible are 3m~3= 3(m-1) =CIVIL_ENGINEERING Determinacy indeterminacy 5 ‘To restrain these we need to apply 9(m — 1) moments. © Hence no. of restraining moments required at joint with hinge in 8D-frame (Case-1) a No. of restraint requited to be aided = 2. They are (®,) a(M) Ryrestraine relative movement Example 2: (com) —— BERR No. of restraint reqtired tobe added = 1 ® (Case-2) H No. af restraint required to be adde Example 8: One cut required 1 T a 7] One restraint applied Sol : > C=LR 51 > Dg = 3C-R’ = 3 ~ 1 = 2 (Total static indeterminacy) Dg, = 5-3 = 2 (External indeterminacy) 2.—2-= 0 (internal ideterminacy} Ds = D,-Dso6 Structure Analysis CIVIL_ENGINEERING Ee E ee jim Restraint req. = 1 no.-¢ > Ino. = Restraint rea = Berk RIF 2 no. = Reatraint 10a. Resteaint req, Sol: No. of restraint req. to make itrigid = 2+14+14+2=5=R No.of cut req. = 2=C Dy = 3C-R =8x2-621 But itis unstable, because displacement given troller support will result in rigid body movement of the structure. ne fi Sol: No. of cut req. = 5 No. of restraint added to make it rigid Ds =CIVIL_ ENGINEERING Determinacy indeterminacy 7 Soe No. of cut teq. No, of restraint applied to make it rigid peo Coe Sol No. of restraint req: = 1+ 1=2 | No. of cut req. = 4 = { Dy = 4822510 - Sol : Removal of two roller supports make the structure determinate (tree like). Hence D = 2 Another Method No. of restraint req. to make the structure Completely rigid “= [2 at each roller] No, of cuts req. = 2 . Dg = 2x8-4=2 nos. “8 Structure Analysis CIVIL_ENGINEERING a 10 : [Space Frame 4 i P in Sol, No. of restraint req. = 0 No. of cut req. = 4 = Ds; = 4x6-0= 24 “CIVIiL_ENGINEERING Determinacy indeterminacy : 9 ample 11] 34943@-1)+ 86-1) £345+6= 15 No. of cuts req. sree Dy = 6X4—15=9 No. of restraint req. Sol: No. of restraints req. = 1+2=3 No. of cutreq. = 9 3x9-3= 24 Sol: ‘Two-bay three stored rigid frame Dg = (No, of cut req.) x 6 ~ No. of restraints added 21x 6-0 = 126 : : =40 Structure Analysis CIVIL_ ENGINEERING OTHER METHOD [FOR RIGID FRAME] In plane frame, every member carries three forces (BM, SF, axial force). Hence, Total no. of unknows = 3m +r where, m and r no. of membere no. of support reactions, Ateach joint, no. of eqs. of equilibrium available = 3 BF, =0, 57, Total no. of eg. of equilibrium=3J, J EM, = 0} no. of joints Hence, degree of static indeterminacy Dg = Sai Eo 3. However if the frame carries hinges, then D, is reduce futher by Dim’ = 1), where m"=no. of members meeting at the hinge. Summation term has components;one for each hinge Dg = 3m tr 3s Ds =6m 41-6) Due to internal hinge in space frame, Mm’ — 1) Similarly for space frame [Ds = 6m +r~ 6) —E3¢a'— 1) Let us take a frame like as shown below. o;-—_——___p 1. m= no. of members =6 They are AB, BC, CD, DE, EF, BE. 2 No, of support reaction: 3 nos. laeeeeee : They are Ryq, Ra and Ryp 3. J =n0. of joints = 6 ‘They are A, B, C, D, E, F oe 7 = Dg = 8m +r~ 33 =3%643-3x6=3 ifwe make free body diagram of the structure, it will ceeCIVIL_ENGINEERING Determinacy indeterminacy ‘¢ ‘The structure has been divided ints 6-parts which corresponds to 6 no. of joints. © Bach of the six components of free body diagram has to be in equillibrium. © Hence for each component three equations of equillibrium are available ‘© Hence total number of equations of equilibrium available are 6 x3 = 6 « J «Each member of a plane frame carried,3 forces. Hence total no. of unknown member forces = 3 * 6 =3 m (where m = no. of members). # They are (Ry. Ray My Ry Ray Mg Rap Ry My Rip Biv» Mize Bag: Bae Mass Bie Rev Mi «Total no. of unkown support reactions = 3. They are R,,, R,, and Ryp. - am+ ‘e Hence it all the components of Free body diagram are considered then total no, of unknowns = Rr ~ © Total no, of known conditions = Degree of static indeterminacy J ‘RAME CARRYING HING! A Hing «Had the oint A been rigid, the degree of static indeterminacy would have been (3m-+r~3J) ¢ Duetothe presence of joint with hinge, addtional independent conditions availble RR Te ‘are asshown below. “|42 Structure Analysis CIVIL_ ENGINEERING fk \ 4 Hs Moment equillibrium of joint ie, 2M, = Ogives M, +M, + M,=0 “a) but we know that due to presence of hinge at A, 7 M,=0 4B) ae. M,= 0 pene) Be M,= 0 eee) = equation (A). 3 out of three conditions (B), (0) and (D) only two are independent because third can be derived from Hence no. of independent additional conditions are two ie. (9'~'1), where m= no, of members meeting at joint, : Thus, © Dy=3m+r—3)-(m'~1) © However if there are more than one hinge, we can have additional independent conditions as 2(m'~ 1), ‘Thus, D,= 3m +r - 31 ~2(m’— 1), © Note that the hinges that we are considering are not the support hinges. They are member or joint hinges, On similar lines, it can be shown that for 3D-fraine. Dg=6m +r ~ 6d Ds ~ £3(m" — 1) Beam is made cantilever by adding constraint and removing all other support reactions. support removed ~ constr: led Ey Hinge B c Sol : Constraint added at D as restraining moment > No. ofconstraint added = 1 All supports except fixed support at A is removed to make the beam cantilever > No. of supports removed = 1+1 2 Ds = 2-121 MoeCIVIL ENGINEERING Determinacy Indeterminacy : 13 Aloe €. D B F Qe ke ‘Sol : Constraint added = @ nos. at A) +1 no. each at C/and-D). ‘Two no. of aipports added at A to make it a fixed joint > ~ No. of constraint added = 4 No,of supports reactions-removed = 2 at F, one at B, one sat B ie. total 4 nos. oe : Ds = So) Beam is determinate Ea ee Sol : No. ofconstraint added = one at B+ 2at C : = 3 nos, Note: At C horizental displacement ond rotation permitied. No. of supports removed = 3 at D. > Ds = 3-3=0 > Structure is determinate sf 1 tr wher Bic x D wha abbr unk Sol : No. of restraint added (1 at A) + (Lat B) + (1 at-D) + (Lat Eye ‘No. of supports removed @atG)+ (Lat F)+ Gat Q=4 2 D, = 4-40 > Statically determinate Note: A beam is always, internally determinate. Total indeterminacy is always external: indeterminacy. No. of external} _ [No.of statical equilibrium) _(No. of additional reaction equation conditiona4 Structure Analysis CIVIL_ENGINEERING ——#—— + M,=0-> Additional equation A Tee Atoms pation TABILITY. OF STRUCTURE Stability is characterised into (a) external instability, (b) internal instability External Stability {fa body is eufficiently constraint by external reaction such that rigid body movement of structure does not occur, then the structure is said to be stable externally. Necessary condition for this is that: 1. There should be three feactions that are neither concurrent nor'pardliel (in plane structure) 2 Reactions should be non-parallel, non-concurrent and sion-coplaner for space structure, [Concurrent means meeting at a single point Example Concurrent Reaction: Hence unstable externally because free movement can occur about O. Example / Parallel Reaction; Inclined loading will lead to rigid body movement. Hence unstable externally Example LN ye t Concurrent reaction: Hence unstable. Example / =o f Non concurrent reaction: Hence stable. i .CIVIL_ENGINEERING - Determinacy indeterminacy 15 Example Concurrent reactions: Hence unstable. Ig evepeestney es ‘When part of the structure moves appreciably with respect to the other part, thé'structure is said to be unstable internally. Example - ‘Three hinges in continwation hence a mechanism forms. The failure condition is as shown below. Example = unstable Example unstable Example stableGhee «Structure Analysis CIVIL_ENGINEERING Note that application of a eat oe part does not move appreciably with respect to the other pari . Example stable Fixing of one joint has ensured that appreciable deformation of one part cannot, take place with respect to other, stable unstable stable Note: Fig. (a): Unstable if all giagonals are of equal length. Fig. (bk: Stable,CIVIL_ ENGINEERING Determinacy indeterminacy 47 “Figure (a) is unstable because if 1 kN load is applied in any member by turn buckle application, equilibritim will be satisfied at all joints without developing any joint reaction, [Turn buckle is an arrangement which is used to apply tension. By rotating the turn buckle, end B and C will be brought closer. hence tension is ereated in AD.] Now if 2-KN load is applied, again equation is satisfied at all joints without developing any joint readtion. « Thusfor all value of load, reactions developed are zero. This implies that there is no unique value of reaction obtained for a particular loading. This is the characteristic of unstable structure. Note: It is not always easy to visualise by visual inspection, whether the structure is unstable or stable, In such cases check is to analyse the structure and if no tunique solution is achieved, the structure is unstable. 7 : STATIC INDETERMINACY OF TRUSSESM A truss is designed in such a way that members of:trués'always carries only axial forces. Hence equations of equilibrium available at truss joints are: 3 nos. for —> Space truss [BF,= 0, EF = No, of unknowns in truss is = aia where, m = No. of members (because each member carry one force) 5 © no, of reactions at éupport: * Hence, a mtr 23 = 0 —S> statically determinate planestfuss 0) m+r-23>0 —2> statically indeterminate planetruss 2) m+r~23<0 —® + unstable truss on8) However, condition (1) and (2) doesnot ensure that the truss will be stable. The stability should be checked visually or analytically. Example | | Determinate but unstable = ELLER18 : Structure Analysis CIVIL ENGINEERING Externally unstable because of parallel support reactions, Example - Determinate but unstable externally unstable because of parallel support reactions. Example Internally unstable because unbraced portion ([1) can have appreciable deformation Example XII unstable internally Example -xternal indeterminacy] where, ¥ = no. of support reactions, 7 Dg = m +1 ~ 2d = degree of static indeterminacy \(r - 3) + e 4 [External lindeterminacy © Basic structure of a planer truss is a triangle,CIVIL ENGINEERING” Determinacy Indeterminacy 419 ‘To this triangle two members and one joint are added to build up the truss further. Hence stable configuration of this simple truss is obtained when m = 3 + 2 ~ 3) = 23-3. ‘Thus, if m > (2d ~ 3), truss is internally indeterminate and stable if m < (25 - 9), truse is internally unstable for simple truss. If m= 25 ~ 3), truss is internally determinate and stable. Simple Truss in a triangle when two bar and one joint are progressively added to form a tris, the truss is called simple truss, Compound Truss ‘Two simple truss connected by a set of joints and bars. 2 Complex Truss ‘There is no joint where only two bare meet. Shaded portion is a simple trass. Two such trusses have been joined by using a bar AB and joint C. Note: 1. In a simple stress (m - (20 - 3)} = No. of panels with double diagonals, => Dg = (External indeterminacy) + (No. panels with double diagonal) Dg = external indeterminacy + no, of panels of double diagonal = 04 3 = ‘This can also be varified by usual formula m = 28, r= 3, j= 14 M+r-2)=284+3-28=3Structure Analy: CIVIL ENGINEERING % ‘Truss having members which cross-over each other or members that servers as side for more than ‘two triangles are likely to be indeterminate. 20 Side AC is common to three triangles ABC, ACD, ACO Space Truss im @I=6) Ba, a i y «Internal. indeterminacy > stable and determinate but stability > should also be checked visually D;> 0 indeterminate ze INEMATIO INDETERMINAG in Stiffness method of analysis, joint displacements are taken as unknown. Load. displacement equations (Le. relation between load applied and displacement of joint) are written and by using equilibrium Pauations these joints displacements and hence member forces arg found out, ‘Thus no. of unknown joitit displacement are required to be known to proceed with the analysis, No, of these unknown joint displacements are called unknown degree of freedom or degree of kinematic < indeterminacy D,) ID, =Total possible degree of freedom — No. of available support reactions which APs generate as a result of restrainec displacements. joint ‘Types of joints Total possible degree of freedom | Rigid jointed plane frame joint | —> A, a, @ > 9 hos / Rigid jointed space frame jot | A 4,4, 0,0, 8,560 Pin Jomted plane structure | AA, = 2 no [ "Pin jointed space structure J yd, A= ono,24 a CIVIL_ENGINEERING Dy = 2) 7 => Pin jomted plane frame Byers Bia inted space frame D, = 6S 27-6=21 Ifthe members of the above frame are ifiextensible, ehieh |is normally the assumption incase of Ist order analysis, then : | a an Of Aes Ay ‘his, no. of independent degres, of frocdom is reduced by. 40 nos, Hence, degree of kinematic indeterminacy in case the members are taken as inextensible is Dye Bro See rf It can be seen.that in the above problem so. of uiembe1 building ifinextensible members are considered, then [Dy =35—r—m] in 2D mm’ = no. of inextensible member. £ Note: aD Lass unbraced Braced framea2ae Structure Analysis CIVIL_ENGINEERING Note: If inextensibility of member is adopted, the joints of triangulated rigid jointed frame cannot have linear displacements. ter abalor ic. the joints displacements possible are Os, Oy Os Op 8 Bg 8 D = 8 [Dy = 65 where, m'= no, of inextensible mémbers, y \ For Gabled Frame : © Ifinextensibility of member is consider than Ay,=0 from in extensibility of L-2 | 4y,=0 from in extensibility of 4.5 * OutofAx,, Ax,, Ay,, Ax, only two are independent becatise from the ‘inextensibility of members 2-3 and 3-4 two equations can be derived st relating these four. Hence D, = 9 - (2 + 2) = 5. D,=5x3-6=9 ‘This relationship could also have been obtained simply by using the formula Dy= 8) -r~m'=3x5-6-4 Note: Other method of finding degree of kinematic indeterminacy uihen call inembers are inextensible| Dy = (no. of possible joint rotation) + (no: of sway) Hence, in the gable frame as shown above No. ofpossible joint rotation = 8 nos (8,0, and 0,) No: of possible sway = (sway of 2 and 4) and (eway of 3) =2 nos, > De = 34255 © In this ease additional degree of freedom is created, £ Each internal member hinge will add 4degree of freedom in plane frame.CIVIL_ENGINEERING _Determinacy indeterminacy : 23 Le ‘They are 8), 8,5, Ya, Ax, «Bach joint hinge will add (m" ~ 1) additional degree of freedom in plane frame. -where, m" = no. of member meeting at. joint. : ‘+ Each internal hinge will add 9-DoF in space frame. They are Ax, Ay; Az and:six 0 = © Each joint hinge will add 3(m"— 1) additional DoF in member in: space frame. Hence, D,=(3) —1) + additional DoF in 2-D D,=(6I—) + additional DoF in 8-D If inextensibility is also considered then Di where, m'= no, of inextensible member and [D, =@I—2) + (additional DoF) — m']in 3-D \J — x) + (additional DoF)— ml] in 2-D - Hinge bs L. | ro (GIR) + adi DoF Note 4:no. of addition DoF is ereated due to internal member hinge. if axial deformations are neglected then 2 Pee24 : Structure Analysis ~ 1) additional DoF = @ — 1) Dy additional degree of fr 8J ~ + + additional DoF Sx 4-6+1=7n08, 1-3 = 4 nos ore eee ‘Sol: No. of members = 8, No. of reaction = 3, and No. of joints = 8 * = Additional DoF = 4 in internal hinge + (41) in joint hinge = 7 nos. “ (3x 8 ~ 8) + 7 = 23 nos. # if inextensibility is considered then ‘Ay, = 0, because change in length of member 12s zero Ax, 0 + because lower storage cannot. sway ¢ tie to ixity at joint 7 and due to inextensibility of members 2-3, 3-6 andCIVIL_ENGINEERING Determinacy indeterminacy 25° Similarly, if ¢ member has two internal hinge, inextensible member will be counted as 8 mbmers. Ty, = Avg thee to inextensibilnty of member 3-4 any 2/0 cad a's =. 23-9 14 nos. Sol Inextensibilty leads to santo (JR) + (additional DoF) — no. of inextensible member = Bx6-64+2x4-8 18-6+8=8=12 - " 0 Bal26 + Structure Analysis CIVIL. ENGINEERING {The total degree of indeterminacy (both internal and external) for the bridge truss shown in the given figure is @4 5 Oe. @3 % What isthe degree of static indeterminacy of the plane structure as shown in the figure below? -@3 4 O5 @6 - a (peany CIVIL ENGINEERING Determinacy Indeterminacy 27 3. What is the total degree of indeterminacy (both internal and external) of the triangular planar truss = shown in the figure below? @e2 O4 @5 @-6 ‘ £ 4. What is the total degree of indeterminacy (both internal and extérnal) of the cantilever plane truss shown in the figure below? - @2 ) 3 ged o4 @s5 es 5. Consider the following statements with respect to the figure below of a typical articulated frame : ‘The frame is internally determinate and externally indeterminate. ‘The frame is internally indeterminate and externally determinate. ‘The frame is internally as well as externally determinate. ‘The frame is internally as well as externally indeterminate. Which of these statements is/are correct? (@) Jonly b) Land 2 © Sonly @ Sand 4 6 ‘The degree of static indeterminacy of the pin-jointed plane frame shown in figure is, Ww wy,28 Structure Analysis CIVIL_ENGINEERING i @1 2 . os, @s - 7. The frame shown below is redundant to 1oKN Sky | ‘SKN L i . 2b © single dogree (two degree | © three degree @ four dogree | & Match List-I (Iype of structure) with List (Statical inetéringcy) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: Number of members = Number of joints = ‘Number of reaction elements List] A. Plane frame B, Space truss ©. Space frame Codes: - A @ 1 ) 4 ro) 2 Ore 4 1 2 9%. Total degree of indeterminacy (both internal and external) of the plane frame shown in the given figure is ij @ 0. ou © 12 @ 15CIVIL_ ENGINEERING Determinacy indeterminacy 29 10. The total (both internal and external) degree of static indeterminacy of the plane frame shown in the given figure is . @ 18 © 6 ou @ 13 11. The degree of indeterminacy of the beam given below is (@) vero (b) one © two @ three 12, Consider the following statements: & 1. An indeterminate structure is not, comomicgf oeathe ‘material stand-point in comparison to. a determinate structure ee 2. If'n’redundants in a statically indeterminate struchite of n’ degree indeterminacy are removed, the structure will become statically determinate but unstable. 4 Inthe tigi frame analysis, the axial effeet@are ignored as their influence is negligibly emall compared to bending and shear effects. Which of these statements is/aré correct? @ Lonly ©) Land 2 (© Boniy @ and 3 18, Which one of the following is true example of a statically determinate beam? (@) One end is fixed and the other end is simply supported (0) Both the ends are fixed © The beam overhangs over two supports @ The beam is supported on three supports 14, The number of unknowns to be determined in the stiffness method is equal to (@) the static indeterminacy @®) the kinematic indeterminacy (©) the sum of kinematic indeterminacy and static indeterminacy @ two times the number of supports 15, What is the total degree of indeterminacy both internal and external of the plane frame shown below? Hinge @ 10 ® it @ 2 @u30 “Structure Analysis CIVIL_ENGINEERING 16. Which one of the following structures is statically determinate and stable? @ o ey Ss @ 17. A prismatic beam is shown in the figure given below. 7 Hinge © fae Consider the following statements: 1. The structure is unstable. - - 2 The bending moment is zero at supports and internal hinge, 3. It is a mechanism, 4. Itis statically indeterminate. Which of these statements are correct? E @ 1,2, 3and4 @) 1, 2 and 3 7 © land2 @ 3andT 18 What is the degree of indeterminacy ofthe frame shown in the figure given below? @4 © 3 @2 @ rer 19. A determinate structure @) cannot be analyzed without the correct knowledge ofsmodulus of elasticity (©) must necessarily have roller support at one of its ends (© requires only statical equilibrium equations for its analysis @ “will have zero deflection at its ends :CIVIL_ENGINEERING Determinacy indeterminacy at 20, A statically indeterminate structure is the one which (a) cannot be analyzed at all . () can be analyzed using equations of statics only (© can be analyzed using equations of statics and compatibility equations @ can be analyzed using equations of compatibility only 21, What is the statical indeterminacy for the frame shown below? ti tl @ 2 &) 16 ou @u 23, What is the total degree of indeterminacy in the contin below? . di @. Or @3 @4 28. What is the number of independent: dearest of the two-span continuous beam of uniform section shown in the figure below? @1 or @3 @ 4 24, What is the kinematic indeterminacy for the frame shown below? (member inextensible) sad - Roller Hinge @6 ou on 21 25, Ifthe axial deformation is neglected, what is the kinematic indeterminacy of a single bay portalframe, fixed at base? @2 w 3 . o4 @6 =32 Structure Analysis CIVIL ENGINEERING 26. For the plane frame with an overhang as chown below, assuming negligible axial deformation, the degree of static indeterminacy, d, and the degree of kinematic indeterminacy, k, are ~ he @ d=3.and k= 10 ()-d= 8 and k - @ 4=9andk=10 @ @=9andk=13 af 21. Considering beam as axially rigid, the degree of freedom of a plane frame F, @ 2a 8 O7 @6 28 The degree of static indeterminacy of the rigid frame having two internal hinges as shown in the figure below, is ‘ 2 e a a Bh @s ~ 7 @6 : @ 5 28, The degree of static indéferminacy of rigidly jointed frame in a horizontal plane and subjected to vertical load only, as shown in figure below, is Ends clamped to rigid wall @) 6 On @3 @1 sreeCIVIL_ENGINEERING Determinacy indeterminacy 33 30, The frame shown in the given figure has whit length (@, one unknown reaction component . () two unknown reaction components (© three unknown reaction components @ six unknown reaction components 31, Match List-I (Structure) with List-II (Degree of static indeterminsey) and sole ‘the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: A List wY tinge 5 @ ) o @ c 2 4 1 4 eins 2 List 1 Thre 3 Two 4 Four 32, The portal frame shown in the figure below is statically indeterminate to the34 Structure Analysis CIVIL_ ENGINEERING: () first degree (©) second degree © third degree @ None of these . 83. A perfect plane frame having n number of members and j number of joints should satisfy the relation @) n<(Qj-3) ® n= Qj-3) © n>Qj-3 @ n=@-2) 34. The figure below shows a continuous beam with cantilevered ends. It is w, hw i wow ey (@) statically determinate (©) statically indeterminate to the first degree © statically indeterminate to the second degree ¥ @ statically indeterminate to the third degree 35. How is a truss, which undergoes rigid body translation for an arbitrary load, classified aa? (@) Determinate structure ©) Geometrically unstable structure © Staticaily unstable structure @ Structurally unstable structure . Peas &) 6. @) 7. (a) 8. @ (e) 10. (b) 1 (b) 1. @) 13 (e). ‘14. (b) 15. (a) ‘16, (a) 1%) =} 18, (e) 1% (e} 20. (ec) 2 fe) 22d) 23. (dy 24. (b) 25, (b) 26. (dy 27. (b) 28. dy 29%. (ce) 30. (e) 310 dd) 32. (by a 33._(b) .__(c) 35, (a)