Review: [untitled]

Author(s): Thomas Zimmermann

Source: Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 124, No. 4 (Oct. - Dec., 2004), pp. 833-
834
Published by: American Oriental Society
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4132143
Accessed: 28/09/2010 05:01

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 Brief Reviews 833

liminaryreportspublishedso far suggests more surprises divided into functional types: weapons and tools
for the archaeological community. (A. Waffenund Gerdite),fashion andjewelry (B. Tracht
und Schmuck), figural objects (C. Figtirliche Objekte),
THOMAS ZIMMERMANN and finally stamps and seals (D. Stempel und Siegel).
BILKENT UNIVERSITY Each of these chapters has additional subdivisions,
taking technical, material, and typological issues into
account. The outcome is, for the most part, a very de-
tailed and challenging typological inquirythatdiscusses
all small finds from the Late Chalcolithic to the Iron
Norsuntepe: Kleinfunde II. By KLAUSSCHMIDT. Ar- Age levels.
chaeologica Euphratica, vol. 2. Mainz: VERLAG Since the Neolithic is Klaus Schmidt's field, it is
PHILIPPVON ZABERN, 2002. Pp. xi + 206, plates. not surprising that the chapters dealing with Norgun-
E128. tepe's earlier materials and stone artifacts like ground
stone axes, mace heads, and drill cores are the most de-
Large-scale salvage projects in the Keban area tailed. Equal weight is then given to the discussion of
(modem eastern Turkey)carriedout between 1968 and antler tools and a large variety of clay items, from
1974 have contributed significantly to our knowledge molds and crucibles to miniaturecones and wheels and
of prehistoric activities in eastern and southeastern oddities like clay brushes (Tonbiirsten),whose function
Anatolia. The preliminary reports published in the is still a puzzle. Detailed discussions of metalworking
Middle East Technical University's Keban dam project tools like molds representan importantcontribution,for
series still representthe foundationfor furtherresearch studies dealing with the achaeological aspect of metal-
activities in this region. working technologies are still limited (cf. A. Mtiller-
One of the most importantsites investigated is the Karpe, Altanatolisches Metallhandwerk [Neumiinster,
multi-period mound called Norguntepe in the Elazig' 1994]).
province of modern Turkey,excavated by the German Of special interest in a wider geographical context
ArchaeologicalInstituteunderthe directorshipof Harald is an artifactcategory known as "breadstamps"(p. 104;
Hauptmann.The site's extensive stratigraphy,covering pl. 84:G), known not only from Anatolia but from
periods from the Late Chalcolithic (layers 25-30) to the neighboring regions like the southern Caucasus and
Iron Ages (layers 1-2) promised unprecedentedinsight (south)eastern Europe (see map on p. 106). The pur-
into culturalchanges and developments in a previously pose of these artifacts can be debated, although they
little-knownregion of ancientAnatolia.The BronzeAge were most probably used to label baked goods such as
occupation especially remains of great interest for the breads and cakes. They seem closely related to "Brot-
archaeologicalcommunitydesperatelytrying to link the laibidole" (bread idols) known from as far west as
Metal Age chronologies of western, central, and south- central Europe(see M. M. Rind, "Weltenburgzwischen
ern Anatolia with that of the Euphratesregion of Asia Arbon und Veterov:Neues zu riitselhaftenTonobjekten
Minor. This task will not be accomplished so long as der Friihbronzezeit,"in Vortriigedes 17. Niederbayer-
the final publication of Norguntepe's stratigraphyand ischen Archiiologentages, ed. K. Schmotz [Rahden,
architectureis not available. 1999], 71-85). Publicationof the Norguntepeexamples
Nevertheless, scholars are grateful that the first two with extensive bibliographical references broadensour
final volumes of the Norguntepemission have now been knowledge of these items significantly.
issued: the first on lithic industries (K. Schmidt, Nor- Otherartifactslike stamp and cylinder seals receive
?untepeI: Die lithischeIndustrie[Mainz:VerlagPhilipp less attentionhere, but enough to provide the informa-
von Zabern, 1996]) and the second, reviewed here, by tion necessary for furtherresearch.
the same authoron ground stone, bone, and antler arti- Wherever appropriate, sub-chapters are provided
facts as well as clay, metal, and glass items from all with distributionmaps and lists of find spots for com-
periods documented at Norguntepe. Since the first parableitems. Most user-friendly are the listings in the
monograph of this Archaeologica Euphratica series appendix, which provide extensive bibliographies.The
was alreadyof remarkablequality, one could expect the illustrationsare of the quality one might expect for pub-
same high standard for the publication of the small lications from von Zabern, although the drawing style
finds, and indeed this expectation has been fulfilled. within a single category of finds is inconsistent and de-
The primaryauthoris one of the leading experts on the tracts a bit from the good overall impression (cf. the
Near Eastern Neolithic, and he was joined by several molds in pl. 41 and pl. 42).
other contributors:IstvainBaranyi on Chalcolithic and The long-expected final reportseries of the Norun-
Early Bronze Age slags, and Ernst Pernickaand Sigrid tepe excavations is now enriched by this densely
Schmitt-Streckeron metalworkingtechniques. packed volume, providing us with a detailed view of
Nevertheless, the main section of this monograph one side of Norguntepe'soccupation history.The major
is devoted to the description and analysis of the huge featuresstill eagerly awaited-the ceramic materialand
bulk of small finds from all occupationhorizons,roughly an architecturalaccount-can be expected to follow the
834 Journal of the American Oriental Society 124.4 (2004)

same high standard, and one hopes for their timely to lament the scarcity of references to the Dead Sea
appearance. Scrolls, to apocalypticliteratureoutside the Bible, or to
relevantancientNear Easternliteraturebesides Ugaritic.
T. Z. All three of these categories of extra-biblicalliterature
have become very importantfor understandingDaniel's
form, content, and compositional history.For example,
note that in connection to Dan. 4, one would have ex-
Daniel. By C. L. SEOW.WestminsterBible Companion. pected some mentionof the Babylonianking Nabonidus
Louisville: WESTMINSTER JOHNKNOXPRESS,2003. and the "Prayerof Nabonidus"from Qumran(4Q242),
Pp. xiii + 198. $29.95 (cloth); $12.95 (paper). since a traditionaboutNabonidusseems to be the model
for that chapter's story of Nebuchadnezzar'smadness.
The Westminster Bible Companion series consists Notwithstandingthese few remarks,Seow's highly
of non-technical commentariesintended for Protestant readable commentary is a credit to the WBC series.
Christian ministry and laity that do not include foot- Since Daniel is such a difficult and provocative book
notes, scholarly citations, or much bibliography.How- for many Protestants in terms of its apocalyptic
ever, the author of this volume, Leong Seow, uses worldview, one much appreciatesthe assuredtouch and
modern critical scholarship on Daniel in a clear and eruditionof Seow.
judicious fashion, as one would expect from the author
of the highly regardedcommentaryon Ecclesiastes in TAWNY L. HOLM
the Anchor Bible series. As befits the persuasionof the INDIANA UNIVERSITY OFPENNSYLVANIA
series, the volume does not contain the Daniel Addi-
tions (Susanna, Bel and the Dragon, and the Prayer of
Azariah and the Song of the Three YoungJews in ch. 3)
found in the Greek editions of the Bible which are part
of the Orthodox/Catholiccanon. The Textof Matthew in the Writingsof Basil of Caes-
In the introduction,Seow discusses the book's place area. By JEAN-FRANqOIS RACINE. SBL New Testa-
in the canon, the Ugaritic backgroundto the character ment in the Greek Fathers,vol. 5. Atlanta:SOCIETY
"Daniel,"the origin of the book, its compositionhistory, OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE, 2004. Pp. xvi + 424.
its literary genres, the occasion of the book's writing, $49.95 (paper).
and its theological perspective. The twelve chapters of
the volume each begin with the presentationof the NRSV The emperorJulianalways felt uneasy aboutthe dual
translationof either an entirechapterof Daniel or a sig- natureof his education. Growing up in Cappadocia,he
nificantportionthereof, followed by Seow's learnedex- had studiedboth classical texts andthe Bible with a local
plication. A select bibliographyof about one and a half churchman.But once he became emperorhe openly re-
pages concludes the book. jected the Christianity of his youth, supported pagan
There is very little here that is idiosyncratic. Seow cults, and imposed restrictionson Christianteachers.In
follows the interpretative strategies of historical and his estimation, since Christians did not believe in the
literarycriticism, with the intentionof elucidatingwhat traditionalgods who were so integral to the canonical
the text meant to the original audience. Seow dates the texts of classical Greekculture,they should insteadcon-
final form of the book to late 164 or early 163 B.C.E., fine their teaching to "commentarieson Matthew and
thatis, slightly before the deathof AntiochusEpiphanes. Luke." Basil of Caesarea was a contemporarywith an
The third-persontales of chapters 2-6, however, were equally fine education in biblical studies and classical
probably composed as early as the late fourth or early culture. In fact, as a young boy one of his teachers may
third century. The bilingual (Hebrew-Aramaic)nature have been his father, a local grammarianwho taught
of the book is concisely explained, and Seow advances correct classical Greek. But once he began serving as a
the theory that the linguistic switch from Aramaic to priest and bishop in Cappadocia during the 360s and
Hebrew in ch. 8 reflects nationalistic concerns under 370s, he downplayed the importanceof classical litera-
the tyrant Antiochus. Of special value is the ability of ture and instead frequently cited the Gospels and the
Seow to find biblical cross-references, especially with Pauline letters in his sermons, letters, and ascetic trea-
Second Isaiah, and to find connections between the vi- tises. His writings are hence an importantearly source
sions of chs. 7-12 and the earlier stories about Daniel for determiningthe development of the text of the New
in chs. 1-6. His view of the much-discussed"one like a Testamentin the early church.
son of man" in ch. 7 is that it is fair to interpretit both Jean-FranqoisRacine now providesa meticulousex-
as a collective figure (the holy ones of God in heaven aminationof Basil's readingof the Gospel of Matthew.
and on earth), and as a messianic individual at the same His research is part of the ongoing project to study
time: "The one is the many; the many are the one. The Greekpatristictexts as evidence for textual criticism of
two views are, indeed, not mutuallyexclusive" (p. 110). the New Testament.Basil used passages from Matthew
Keeping in mind the parametersof the commentary for various purposes, as the startingpoint for a sermon
series in which this volume appears,it is still reasonable aboutthe responsibilities of the rich towardthe poor, as