Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Characteristics
a) Resource requirement - During the course of executing the project, it is seen that
the resource requirement increases from start to an intermediate stage of the project.
It further increases at rapid rate and becomes constant while the project is during its
80 to 95% progress stage. Thereafter the resources requirement decreases to zero i.e.
when the project comes to a finish.
b) Funds - The requirement of funds for the completes execution of the project also
follows the same trend as that of the resources. The two are more or less
proportional.
d) Risk - The risks involved in the project affecting its completion time is high at the
initial stages and low at the later stages of the project.
e) Design changes - The project during the course of its progress may be subjected to
changes because of some external factors. The influence of such external factors on
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the project may result in changes in the design f the project though not very often. It
is observed that such changes if any are normally high during the initial stages of
the project and decreases as the project approaches finish.
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• When people and organizations focus primarily on quality, defined by the following
ratio, quality tends to increase and costs fall over time.
• However, when people and organizations focus primarily on costs, costs tend to rise
and quality declines over time.
• Deming offered fourteen key principles for management for transforming business
effectiveness.
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pride of workmanship. This means, inter alia, abolishment of the annual or merit
rating and of management by objective.
Institute a vigorous program of education and self-improvement.
Put everyone in the company to work to accomplish the transformation. The
transformation is everyone's work.
Answer:
Building concurrency into every activity is essential to reduce the development cycle time
and to counter the technology obsolescence. Many of the tasks that are normally done in a serial
fashion can be done in parallel by synchronizing the flow of information. The practices of the
concurrent engineering where the design of the product and all its associated processes are carried
out simultaneously based on team work and participation. Would not only help in reducing the
development cycle time, but also improves the product functionality with regard to requirements.
Concurrency can be accomplished in many ways both for product development as well as
technology transfer, user evaluation and production. Example - Tactical Aircraft: Concurrency in
Development and Production of F-22 Aircraft Should Be Reduced (Letter Report, 04/19/95,
GAO/NSIAD-95-59).
Because the F-22 fighter plane is not urgently needed and the Defense Department (DOD)
has discovered engine and software problems with the aircraft, GAO urges that the F-22 be
thoroughly tested before large numbers of these expensive aircraft are acquired. Concurrency
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between the development and production phases of F-22 means that independent testing of high-
tech features of the aircraft will not be completed before the Air Force makes a significant
commitment to producing the F-22. Among other things, the F-22 boast an advanced architecture
for the integrated avionics system, a propulsion system that will allow cruising a supersonic speeds
without the afterburners that current fighters needs, and low observable technologies. The military
has already disclosed engine and stealth ness problems, and the potential for avionics and software
problems underscore the need to demonstrate the aircraft's capabilities before committing to
production.
Answer:
Project Management Review Process:
There is mutual benefit for corporate and major information systems project teams and
many of the programs as a result of the information exchange generated by the Project
Management Reviews. Throughout the project lifecycle, project staff should collaborate and
communicate with staff responsible for capital planning, information architecture,
standards, information security, safety, configuration management, risk management,
quality management and assurance. The information exchange may address status, issued,
process, requests, requirements, approvals, and assistance in the areas of project plans,
schedule, budget, functional content, scope, staffing, infrastructure and operations.
Corporate and major information systems are reviewed from their inception to retirement,
i.e., throughout the Capital Planning and Investment Control (CPIC) phases of
Identification, Selection, Control, and Evaluation. The Project Management Review Process
includes the following steps:
Identification of projects that will participate in the Reviews.
Development and adherence to a quarterly reporting schedule.
Compilation of standard project management data into a presentation data.
Collection of detailed project files that support the information reported during the
project Management Reviews and may be requested for inspection during a formal
audit
Participation in the Review meetings with any required follow-up activities.
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review, and CIO reporting actions, e.g., reports to the CIO Council. The CIO may also
recommend quality assurance analysis be conducted.
The project manager is responsible for raising issues or concerns that require assistance or
guidance to the attention of the CIO. These items should be communicated whenever they
become known, and not held to the next Project Management Review. The CIO will assign
appropriate OCIO staff available to help resolve open items. The program / project manager
should communicate the status of these items in each quarterly review until the items are
resolved / closed.
The program/project manager is responsible for tracking the open items from the review
and communicating the status in each quarterly review until the items are closed. The
supporting the scheduling of reviews will coordinate with the program/project manager
after the quarterly reviews to help ensure that new items have been captured for tracking
and action by the program/project manager.
• CIO Reports:
The staff supporting the CIO Quarterly Reviews will prepare a summary report after each
Project Management Review. The summary report will include the following information:
Summary Status.
Open Issues/Items.
Status Performance Objectives/Measures.
Status of Schedule/Cost
The summary report will be provided to the program/project manager to gain concurrence
on the content. The summary report will be used by the CIO when reporting status to the
CIO Council.
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Answer:
It is possible today to establish a system aligned with an organizations supply chain. It can
be an add-on to existing ERP-systems. The main objectives are
The main Principles behind is the Integration of supply chain participants, Exchange of
demand
And inventory information, transparency & Visibility of inventories and demands for
multilevel supply chains. It also eliminates time lags in the information flow and ensures
synchronization of demand information. SCMo set up (Initialization) the main steps for the
set up are:
Main Features:
The main features of such system are –
Significance of Documentation:
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application, which is primarily for XYZ’s representatives to open accounts for the
applications received in paper format.
b) Project Scope-
• To provide an effective, efficient means of amount maintenance activities.
• To allow representatives to provide information.
• To provide a complete picture to the client representatives for account status,
valuation, order status, and trade activity.
• To increase the intelligence of the update process.
a) Objectives-
Strengthen relationship with XYZ by delivered high quality software on time. Become
preferred vendor by developing expensive on XYZ product and systems.
·
b) Commitment made to customers.
Requirement trace ability will be done through the requisite pro-tool. Physical data base
design may be refined | later iterations.
·
b. Change request tracking-
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Changes requested by customer will be logged in change request and analyzed for impact of
project Major change usually has an effort/delivery-on-time impact on the project. The
customer needs to formally approve these changes.
Requisite tool will be used along with estimated size and effort. This is the estimation
criteria to check everything is in place.
Estimate the total effort with respect to each activity and effort for each phase of a project expressed
as of percentage of man days.
· People
· Hardware, software and Tools
· Training Plan
g. Project Tracking-
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Prepare a list probable defects & defect distribution table to find out deviation for the same.
There were very few large deviations in the process performance; the actual performance
was close to what is expected. This will give a chance to improve the poor performance.
Prepare a table on risk management indicating the type of risk, actual elapsed time,
estimated time, percentage slippage and reasons for slippage.
· Standardization.
· Modularization.
· Minimum Cutomerization.
· Maximum Micro Structure.
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