POST DEADLINE PAPERS

IPC
30th Annual Conference of the
IEEE Photonics Society

2017
1-5 October
Hilton Orlando Lake Buena Vista
Orlando, Florida USA
General Chair
Hilmi Volkan Demir, NTU Singapore, Singapore and Bilkent University, Turkey

Members-at-Large
Amr Helmy, University of Toronto, Canada
Photo image credit: Ananta Palani

Carmen Menoni, Colorado State University, USA

Program Chair
Nikola Alic, University of California, San Diego, USA

www.IPC-IEEE.org
www.PhotonicsSociety.org
 POST DEADLINE SESSION
Thursday, 5 October 2017
Salon IV/V

Session Chair: Nikola Alic, University of California San Diego, USA

PD1: Single-Wavelength, Single-Polarization, Single-Photodiode Kramers-Kronig Detection of 440-Gb/s

Entropy-Loaded Discrete Multitone Modulation Transmitted over 100-km SSMF Xi Chen, Nokia Bell
Labs, USA

We demonstrate 100-km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) 1550-nm dispersion-uncompensated transmission

and single-photodiode Kramers-Kronig direct detection of 440-Gb/s line rate and 279 Gb/s net-data-rate using
discrete multitone modulation with entropy- and power-loaded probabilistically shaped subcarriers generated by
digital band interleaving.

PD2: A 32x10 Gb/s OLT Using a Single Ultra-wide Bandwidth Dual Local Oscillator Coherent Receiver
Domanic Lavery and Lidia Galdino and Zhixin Liu and Sezer Erkilinc and Polina Bayvel, University College
London

Detection of a 32x10 Gb/s channel UDWDM-PON in a single, wide bandwidth coherent receiver is enabled
using two, frequency-separated, local oscillator lasers. The preservation of receiver linearity is demonstrated
through digital dispersion compensation and channel isolation after 80 km transmission.

PD3: Dual Polarization In-phase and Quadrature High Speed Submarine Transmission with Only Two
Photodiodes, ADCs, MZMs and DACs Rafael Rios-Müller, José Estaran, Jeremie Renaudier and Gabriel
Charlet, Nokia Bell Labs, USA
We propose a transceiver design capable of full-field modulation and detection with only two photodiodes, two
analog-to-digital converters, two Mach-Zehnder modulators and two digital-to-analog converters based on joint
in-phase/quadrature generation and detection. Design is validated by long-haul transmission of dual-polarization
16QAM at 200 Gb/s.

PD4: Photonic Integrated Circuit Optical Phase Lock Loop Tuneable Active Filter Katarzyna Balakier,
Haymen Shams, Martyn Fice, Lalitha Ponnampalam, Chris Graham, Cyril Renaud and Alwyn Seeds, University
College London

We report the first foundry-fabricated photonic integrated circuit (PIC) optical phase lock loop tuneable active
optical filter for optical frequency comb line selection and amplification. The PIC functions as a highly
selective optical filter with sub-GHz bandwidth and 50 dB out-of-band suppression.
PD5: Efficient Frequency Conversion over S-C-L-U Bands within an Electrically Pumped Chip using
\chi^2
Meng Lon Iu, Nima Zareian, Dongpeng Kang, Eric Chen, Paul Charles and Bilal Janjua, University of Toronto,
Youichi Akasaka and Tadashi Ikeuchi, Fujitsu Laboratories of America and Amr S. Helmy, University of
Toronto

Continuous frequency conversion from 1486nm to 1686nm is achieved by utilizing \chi^2 in um-scale AlGaAs
chip, where pump is electrically generated within the same cavity where nonlinear conversion takes place. A
record high normalized internal conversion efficiency of 342%W^-1 cm^-2 is obtained.

PD6: Interband Cascade Laser on Silicon Alexander Spott, Eric Stanton, Alfredo Torres and Michael
Davenport, UCSB, USA and Chadwick Canedy, Igor Vurgaftman, Mijin Kim, Chul Soo Kim, Charles Merritt,
William Bewley and Jerry Meyer, Naval Research Laboratory, USA and John Bowers, UCSB, USA

We demonstrate the first interband cascade lasers heterogeneously integrated with silicon waveguides. The 3.6
µm wavelength lasers operate in pulsed mode at room temperature, with threshold currents as low as 394 mA.

PD7: Athermal Wavelength-Scale Amorphous Plasmonic Detectors, Amr S. Helmy, University of Toronto,
Canada

An on-chip silicon hybrid plasmonic photodetector is demon-strated with amorphous materials. The device
exhibits mini-mum sensitivity, dark current and static power of -35dBm, 0.2nA, and 1.2nW within only 5μm
device length. The device can operate up to 100°C with an optical bandwidth from 1.2μm to 1.8μm, integrates
to silicon photonics with only 1.5dB coupling loss and its RC time constant provides a fre-quency cut-off of
400GHz. The performance and fabrication techniques used suggest potential for plasmonic-optoelectronic
integration via back-end processing.
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 Single-Wavelength, Single-Polarization, Single-
Photodiode Kramers-Kronig Detection of 440-Gb/s
Entropy-Loaded Discrete Multitone Modulation
Transmitted over 100-km SSMF
X. Chen1, J. Cho1, S. Chandrasekhar1, P. Winzer1, C. Antonelli2, A. Mecozzi2, and M. Shtaif3
1
Nokia Bell Labs, New Jersey, 07733, United States, xi.v.chen@nokia-bell-labs.com
2
Dpt. of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila 67100, Italy
3
Dpt. of Physical Electronics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel

Abstract— We demonstrate 100-km standard single-mode frequency shifter to generate the required CW for KK
fiber (SSMF) 1550-nm dispersion-uncompensated transmission detection. The 50-Hz DACs are two independent 184-GSa/s
and single-photodiode Kramers-Kronig direct detection of 440-
50-GHz DBI-DACs [11]. Each DBI-DAC consists of two
Gb/s line rate and 279 Gb/s net-data-rate using discrete
multitone modulation with entropy- and power-loaded baseband DACs. The low-frequency (LF) DAC covers DC to
probabilistically shaped subcarriers generated by digital band 35 GHz, and the high-frequency (HF) DAC covers 35 Hz to 50
interleaving. GHz (as indicated in the inset of Fig.1). The 4 baseband DACs
Keywords—data center interconnection, direct detection,
(2 x I, 2 x Q) are the 4 channels of a Keysight 92-GSa/s
Kramers-Kronig receiver. arbitrary waveform generator, ensuring proper synchronization
across all DACs. The peak-to-peak voltage at the 50-GHz DBI-
I. INTRODUCTION DAC output is 370 mV. The two 50-GHz I and Q signals are
Compact solutions for 400-Gb/s client interfaces that enable input to 50-GHz SHF amplifiers driving the I/Q modulator.
~100-km dispersion-uncompensated transmission and can be
densely wavelength-division multiplexed across a wide optical
amplification bandwidth are crucial for future data-center
interconnects (DCI). Contending technologies competing with
technically superior but practically more complex digital
coherent receivers include multi-wavelength 4-ary pulse
amplitude modulation (PAM-4) [1], various forms of single-
sideband direct detection [2-4], Stokes vector receivers [5,6],
and Kramers-Kronig (KK) receivers [7-10]. The highest single-
polarization, single-wavelength raw line rate of 360 Gb/s
demonstrated in this context today uses a Stokes receiver that
has a complexity almost identical to a full digital coherent
solution [6]. A raw data rate of 218 Gb/s (net 182 Gb/s) [9] and
256 Gb/s (net 215 Gb/s) [10] per channel can be achieved Fig. 1. System setup of the 440-Gb/s entropy loaded DMT
using only a single polarization and a single ADC based on KK modulation with KK detection.
detection. Here, we increase the net data rate to a record of The inset in Fig. 1 shows the unequalized electrical spectral
279 Gb/s (raw 440 Gb/s) and transmit over 100 km of response of one of the two DBI DACs. The spectral shape
dispersion-uncompensated standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) could be equalized for frequency-flat performance across the
in the C-band. This record is based on a few key technologies 50-GHz bandwidth. However, instead of digitally equalizing
including a 50-GHz digital band interleaved (DBI) DAC [11], the DBI amplitude response, as advantageous for single-carrier
and discrete multitone modulation (DMT) using formats [11], we employed DMT with adaptive bit and power
probabilistically shaped (PS) subcarriers with entropy- [12] loading in this work. As we use PS subcarriers, the adaptive bit
and power-loading. loading task turns into entropy loading [12]. We first measure
II. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP the channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when all sub-carriers
are loaded with quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK). Based
The KK transmitter consists of one 1550-nm external cavity
on the SNR profile and a waterfilling algorithm, we then obtain
laser (ECL), two 50-GHz DACs, one I/Q modulator, and a
the generalized mutual information (GMI) and power
allocation for each subcarrier, yielding each sub-carrier’s
optimum shaping factor β [13]. Then, PS 256-QAM symbols
are loaded with the determined β, and the normalized GMI
(NGMI) is measured. Iterations are done to optimize the power
and entropy loading, with the goal of maximizing capacity
while having constant NGMI across all frequencies. Our DMT
signal has an FFT size of 512, resulting in 279 subcarriers
within its 100-GHz optical signal bandwidth. Among these, 8
subcarriers are pilots to perform phase estimation; 16 samples
of cyclic prefix (CP) are used. With an entropy rate on each
DMT symbol of H, the line rate is H*(279-
8)/(256+16)*184GSa/s (including FEC overhead but excluding
all DMT overhead). Entropy and power loading of the optical
DMT signal for 100-km SSMF transmission are shown in Fig.
2. The entropy- and power-loaded electrical DMT signal is
imprinted onto the laser carrier using a 45-GHz I/Q modulator.
In order to generate the frequency tone required by the KK
algorithm, we split a portion of the unmodulated laser carrier
and pass it through a 50-GHz sinusoidally driven LiNbO3
single-sideband modulator operated as a frequency shifter
(Δf). The signal is then transmitted over a 100-km span of
SSMF with a loss of 19.5 dB. At the receiver, a single
photodiode (PD, 3-dB bandwidth of 100 GHz) is used in
conjunction with a single channel of a 100-GHz real-time
Keysight oscilloscope prototype acting as our analog-to-digital
converter. The underlying DSP chain is sketched in Fig. 1.
Fig. 2. Optimized entropy and power loading.
III. FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION AND NGMI
We assess the performance of our system in terms of the
NGMI required by an actually implementable FEC. This
results in highly accurate end-to-end performance predictions,
as it has recently been shown that the NGMI represents a
reliable performance indicator for an FEC’s error correction
capability, independent of the underlying (square or PS)
modulation format [14,15]. We used a rate-0.8 (25%-overhead)
systematic binary spatially-coupled low-density parity-check
(SC-LDPC) code (SC Code B in Ref. 14), which has been
proven through extensive field-programmable gate array
(FPGA) emulation to achieve a post-FEC BER < 10-15 without
an error floor within 0.94 dB of the Shannon limit on a binary-
input AWGN channel. It has an NGMI threshold of
NGMI*=0.845 under moderate-complexity sliding-window
decoding with the normalized min-sum algorithm. For PS-
256QAM, the γ = 0.2 [13]. Combining the loaded β shown in
Fig. 2 and DMT overhead calculation shown earlier in this
section, we can calculate a net data rate of 279.6 Gb/s.
IV. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
Figure 3 shows the measured NGMI after 100-km SSMF
transmission. The average NGMI (0.849), applicable under
FEC coding across all sub-carriers, is above 0.845, indicating
that the assumed realistically implementable FEC can correct
the received signal to error-free performance. Figure 4 presents
the GMI, yielding the raw line rate of 440.8 Gb/s and a net data
rate of 279.6 Gb/s.
Fig. 3. NGMI across the DMT subcarriers measured at receiver.
Fig. 4. GMI distribution over DMT subcarriers
In conclusion, we have demonstrated single-carrier, single-
polarization, single-photodiode transmission over 100-km
SSMF using KK detection of PS-DMT, achieving a line rate
of 440 Gb/s and a net data rate of 279.4 Gb/s. To the best of
our knowledge, the achieved net data rate is the highest
interface rate obtained with single wavelength, single
polarization, and single diode detection.
We thank Keysight for loaning us a 100-GHz scope prototype.
Acknowledgement: This work was partly supported by an Institute for
Information & Communications Technology Promotion grant from the
Korean government (MSIP), B0101-16-0021, “Development of key
technologies for flexible optical nodes in software-defined network”.
C.Antonelli and A. Mecozzi acknowledge financial support from the Italian
Government under project INCIPICT. M. Shtaif acknowledges financial
support from Israel Science Foundation (grant 1401/16).
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