Professional Documents
Culture Documents
IPIALES
INSTITUTO COLOMBIANO
DE APRENDIZAJE “INCAP”
TECNICO EN INGLES CONVERSACIONAL
CONOCIMIENTOS ACADEMICOS EN INGLES CONVERSACIONAL
2017
IPIALES
INSTITUTO COLOMBIANO
DE APRENDIZAJE “INCAP”
TECNICO EN INGLES CONVERSACIONAL
CONOCIMIENTOS ACADEMICOS EN INGLES CONVERSACIONAL
2017
Nota de Aceptación.
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Presidente del Jurado
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Jurado
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Jurado
Ipiales, Julio del 2017
AGRADECIMIENTOS
Deseamos agradecer a:
De igual manera a nuestro formador porque el fue quien nos guio para hacer
el presente trabajo.
Gracias!
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
6. CONCLUTIONS
7. ACHIEVEMENTS
8. VOCABULARY
9. BIBLIOGRAPHYS
CONTENIDO
INTRODUCCION
6. CONCLUSIONES
7. LOGROS
8. VOCABULARIO
9. BIBLIOGRAFÍA
INTRODUCCIÓN
The internal armed conflict in Colombia, intensified in recent years and with
increasing levels of degradation, has led to a serious humanitarian crisis
where overcoming this is the main issue on the national agenda and
cooperation efforts by the international community . The complexity of this
situation and its prolongation in time have required the intervention not only of
the Colombian Government but also of all the institutions of the State and in
addition to the International Community.
In general, the National Government does not take as an essential part of the
problem of armed conflict and demobilization of children; The principle of
"prevailing protection" is used as a formula for the indeterminacy of public
policies with respect to children, who, when disassociated, are treated by the
authorities as armed or informant actors.
In international cooperation, it is important to highlight the interest shown by
the community and international institutions since the beginning of the
negotiations that the Colombian government has carried out with these
groups, since thanks to this, in 2004 the Colombian government signed an
agreement With the OAS within which the Mission to Support the Peace
Process in Colombia (MAPP-OEA) was created, which is an essential organ
for all this DDR process, since it performs verification and advisory functions
and constitutes one Of the centers of confluence of the initiatives and
international support to this process.
Likewise, the law provides for restorative measures for victims, the creation of
bodies responsible for clarifying historical facts and assistance to victims.
Some of the criticisms that this law has received is that it does not meet the
indispensable requirements to achieve adequate levels of Truth, Justice and
Reparation and Pastrana, Eduardo. The European Union against the Justice
and Peace Law and the demobilization of the AUC:
Between doubts and pragmatism, Policy paper No 25, Bogota, Fescol, 2006.
From the international community and from European society, there has been
a great deal of concern and uncertainty regarding the possibility that this Law
may be lenient with paramilitaries and also that it may lead to excessive
levels of impunity in the process.
OBJETIVOS DE ESTE TEMA
Todos somos uno solo por eso todos unidos tenemos que buscar una
solución.
OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS
The objective of this essay is so that many of us not sensitive to this national
problem that is not only the peasants but also those we are in the city, and we
do not believe that this will never touch us but sooner or later And that is why
we must look for some alternative to face this national problem.
We are all one and that's why we all have to find a solution.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
Through this topic we have a thought of a conflict that overwhelms us all and
we know that not only the military have to face them, but also we can face it
by changing our way of thinking and acting.
We also have to appropriate this problem that in one way or another impacts
us, to the point where all Colombians are called guerrillas abroad.
But our main objective is that many of us who do not know this issue in depth
or what was its initiation, and because it still follows this problem, we know
more and we worry about how to end this social problem because it is so
converted into a Problematic that is hurting us all.
JUSTIFICACIÓN
La población que tiene que emigrar de la región por causa del conflicto
armado son campesinos,principalmente mujeres, niños y ancianos
constituyendo los tres últimos los grupos más vulnerableso de riesgo
prioritarios.
JUSTIFICATION
The population that has to emigrate from the region because of the armed
conflict are peasants, mainly women, children and the elderly, the last three
being the most vulnerable or risk groups.
HISTORIA DEL CONFLICTO ARMADO EN COLOMBIA
Para el último período oficial del Frente Nacional, el candidato del gobierno,
el conservador Misael Pastrana Borrero se enfrentó al líder de la ANAPO, el
General retirado, Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. Después de una apretada campaña,
en las elecciones del 19 de abril de 1970 Pastrana ganó bajo numerosos
alegatos de fraude. Esto impulsó a varios jóvenes universitarios a conformar
un nuevo grupo subversivo, el Movimiento 19 de Abril (M-19).
El M-19 apareció en escena el 16 de enero de 1973, como respuesta “al
descarado robo de las elecciones del 19 de abril de 1970”, y se constituyó
inicialmente como una guerrilla urbana tras una audaz campaña de
expectativa en la prensa. Su anti dogmatismo, sus acciones espectaculares y
el carisma de su líder Jaime Bateman Cayon lo dieron a conocer pronto entre
las masas de las ciudades, que habían permanecido generalmente ajenas a
un conflicto, que hasta ese momento afectaba solo a las zonas marginales
del país, lejos de los principales núcleos socio-económicos de la nación. En
enero de 1974 en lo que seria su primer gran acto, robaron la espada de
Bolívar de la Casa-Museo Quinta de Bolívar en Bogotá. El arma pasaría
desde entonces a convertirse en un símbolo de su lucha.
The PLA, for its part, originated from the split of the Communist Party,
accused of review by sectors that called it a "bourgeois" movement to "wait
for the revolution" and not generate it. Thus, in 1965, Pedro Hernando
Vásquez Rendón founded the Marxist-Leninist Colombian Communist Party,
of which the People's Liberation Army (EPL) became its armed wing. Its
leaders decided to open operations in the Northwest of the country, on the
banks of the rivers Sinu and San Jorge, and there formed their first guerrilla
nucleus (December 1967). In 1968 they took to the action when Orlando
Marchena, a landowner of the region was assassinated.
For the last official period of the National Front, the government candidate,
conservative Misael Pastrana Borrero faced the leader of the ANAPO, retired
General, Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. After a tight campaign, in the elections of 19
of April of 1970 Pastrana gained under numerous allegations of fraud. This
prompted several university students to form a new subversive group, the 19
April Movement (M-19).
The M-19 appeared on the scene on January 16, 1973, in response to "the
blatant theft of the elections of April 19, 1970," and was initially set up as an
urban guerrilla after a bold campaign of expectation in the press. His anti-
dogmatism, his spectacular actions and the charisma of his leader Jaime
Bateman Cayon made it known quickly among the masses of the cities, who
had remained generally unrelated to a conflict that until then affected only the
marginal areas of the country, Far from the main socio-economic nuclei of the
nation. In January of 1974 in what would be its first great act, they stole the
sword of Bolivar of the House-Museum Quinta de Bolivar in Bogota. The
weapon would then become a symbol of their struggle.
The economy of illicit drug trafficking had been operating in Colombia since
the end of the 1960s when, especially on the Caribbean coast, the cultivation
of marijuana flourished and a first bonanza, called "Marimbera", was given.
The North American market, the main recipient of narcotics, would then begin
to refer to cocaine, a product originated in the coca bush and originally
cultivated in the Andean countries (Bolivia and Peru). In this context,
Colombia would play the role of turntable; The coca leaf of the Andean
countries was processed in southern Colombia to convert it into cocaine, and
then it was redistributed by local mafias to the United States.
As a result of these events was the formation of drug cartels with the
association of drug traffickers: Medellin ended up aligning the capos of the
region paisa and the so-called Bogota cartel, in an alliance that would include
the two largest heads of the Business: Pablo Escobar and Gonzalo
Rodríguez Gacha. There would also be those of the Coast, of the Amazon
(both, close to the first group), and the one of Cali, although all with smaller
resources and power than the one of Medellín. In addition, the MAS model
would soon be applied to the Magdalena Medio region, where the ACDEGAM
(Magdalena Medio Farmers 'and Farmers' Association) was born, a legal self-
defense force charged with combating the presence of guerrillas in the area
Support of the Army. Homicides and massacres would multiply there from
1982 onwards. Soon Rodríguez Gacha, at odds with the FARC because of
the destruction of some of its laboratories in the south of the country and the
theft of cash and coca paste in 1983, Took the flags of the counterinsurgency
and began to support the paramilitaries of Puerto Boyacá with substantial
resources, training and weapons.
CARACTERISTICAS DEL CONFLICTO ARMADO EN COLOMBIA
CONFLICTO ARMADO
TERRORISMO
NARCOTRÁFICO
CÁRTELES
CONFLICTO
VIOLENCIA
GUERRA DE GUERRILLAS
Esta se da cuando uno de los bandos tiene poca capacidad militar pero la
maximiza por medio de técnicas de guerra asimétrica, generalmente con
algún grado de bases de apoyo en la población civil y evitando incurrir en
técnicas de terrorismo más allá de lo operativa o políticamente necesario.
AMENAZA TERRORISTA
ARMED CONFLICT
TERRORISM
CÁRTELES
They vary in size, consistency and organization. The chain goes from low-
level street traffickers, who are sometimes drug users themselves, drugs are
transported through intermediaries that can be likened to contractors, to
multinational empires that rival in size with national governments.
CONFLICT
It occurs when two groups have antagonistic interests and when each of the
parties struggles to make a decision and try to impose it on others.
When there is a conflict like the one that Colombia is living at the moment, the
interests of other countries are also involved. As a clearly Colombian conflict,
countries like the United States have important interests such as the fact that
it benefits them that Colombia is in a situation of weakness to have power
over our country and take advantage of the great biodiversity that Colombia
has.
VIOLENCE
CIVIL WAR
This occurs when two or more parties confronted in the conflict have political
legitimacy, population support and territorial control, and much of the
nonpartisan population is involved or suffers the consequences.
GUERRILLA WARFARE
This occurs when one side has little military capacity but maximizes it by
means of asymmetric warfare techniques, generally with some degree of
bases of support in the civilian population and avoiding to engage in
techniques of terrorism beyond what is operational or politically necessary .
TERRORIST THREAT
This occurs when the opposition group has little military capacity and, in
compensation, executes acts of great publicity impact, generally against the
civilian population.
GUERRILLAS
GUERRILLAS
BOGOTAZO
El detonante que inicio la violencia en
Colombia, la muerte de Jorge Eliecer
Gaitán.
gobierno: Mariano Ospina Pérez
FRENTE NACIONAL
ELN
Ejercito de liberación
nacional.
Organización guerrillera.
Revolución cubana
FARC
Fuerzas armadas revolucionarias de
Colombia.
Inicio en el año 1964.
Busca la desigualdad social y la
intervención militar y de capitales
estadounidenses en Colombia.
M-19
Movimiento 19 de abril.
Movimiento insurgente nacido
a raíz de un presunto fraude
electoral.
Se plantea trabajar juntos el partido liberal y conservador para disminuir la
violencia en Colombia
Producción y distribución de drogas ilícitas en Colombia.
El narcotráfico afecta política, social y económicamente al país.
NARCOTRAFICO
TOMA DEL PALACIO DE JUSTICIA
Operación Antonio Nariño.
M-19 tomo palacio de justicia.
Gobierno: Belisario Betancur Cuartas
ASAMBLEA CONSTITUYENTE
Fue solicitada para desarrollar una nueva Constitución Política de Colombia
en 1991, en reemplazo de la Constitución de 1886.
MASSAGE OF BANANAS
Strike of banana workers
Against labor policies.
Government: Abadía Méndez
BOGOTAZO
The trigger that started violence in
Colombia, the death of Jorge Eliecer
Gaitan.
Government: Mariano Ospina Pérez
NATIONAL FRONT
ELN
Liberation army
national.
Guerrilla organization.
Cuban revolution
FARC
Revolutionary Armed Forces of
Colombia.
Beginning in the year 1964.
Look for social inequality and
Military and capital intervention
Americans in Colombia.
M-19
Movement April 19.
Insurgent movement born
As a result of alleged fraud
electoral.
It is proposed to work together the liberal and conservative party to reduce
violence in Colombia
Production and distribution of illicit drugs in Colombia.
Drug trafficking affects the country politically, socially and economically.
NARCOTRAFICO
TAKE THE PALACE OF JUSTICE
Operation Antonio Nariño.
I took the palace of justice.
Government: Belisario Betancur Cuartas
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
It was requested to develop a new Political Constitution of Colombia in 1991,
replacing the Constitution of 1886.
Ahora nos encontramos con un nuevo proceso de paz en este gobierno, que
está recogiendo los frutos del mandato del presidente Álvaro Uribe que
durante 8 años estableció políticas para la eliminación de las FARC, que
generó la confianza y la seguridad vulnerando la constitución, la actualidad
de conflicto solo es una recopilación de muchos hechos y posiciones sociales
que no cambian a lo largo de la historia.
PRESENT
Now we are talking about a peace process, where there is an invisible arm
that does not suit you, and that comes from the ultra right who, being always
a shadow without form has changed the destinies of the country, during the
two presidential mandates of Alvaro Uribe demobilized Paramilitary groups
born in the 80s with the impulse of drug trafficking; These demobilizations,
which were true and managed to reinsert many people into civilian life but
gave rise to new criminal gangs at the service of drug trafficking, this
uncovered a great problem: the legitimation of paramilitary power within the
national government and in the legislative body , Establishing policies that
allowed the theft of land, diversion of social capital as resources for health
and education for paramilitary groups and naturally the increase of
landowners born of displacement and land seizure in the conflict.
Now we are facing a new peace process in this government, which is reaping
the fruits of the mandate of President Álvaro Uribe, who for 8 years
established policies for the elimination of the FARC, which generated
confidence and security in violation of the constitution, Of conflict is only a
compilation of many facts and social positions that do not change throughout
history.
The reality that we have to see is whether the FARC guerrillas seek to
legitimize their ideals, or just take a bath of popularity and continue with a war
that is not based on social ideals and has as a means of financing drug
trafficking and will make Colombia Have a never-ending war.
The peace process is a dream of all Colombians who see this conflict as a
suitcase of problems and back pain, which has not allowed the country to
develop in any social aspect as have other countries in America.
CONCLUSIONES
The Colombian problem began 60 years ago with some peasants who armed
themselves against the injustices committed at that time by a corrupt state,
initiating a guerrilla led by Manuel Marulanda Velez with the FARC, with a
Leninist, Communist and retrograde Marxist ideology and also Over time
became a terrorist group, a drug trafficker who murdered innocent peasants,
kidnap, extort the people, put mines out of business and is totally rejected by
all Colombians, as well as liars and manipulators with the international
community making them believe that they work for The people took a great
boom in the years when our presidents were samper, and even worse in the
pastrana government that extended the hand and practically gave him half a
country, to the point that all Colombians believed at some point that we could
not even leave Our house in the city, it was incredible the power they
acquired and the way they promised peace while Ras bombings, kidnapped,
etc, so in the samper government paramilitaries arose with force and
complicated the situation of Colombia even more but
Fortunately in 2002 we were able to elect our great president Alvaro Uribe, a
man of integrity, intelligent and honest, who with great work and the creation
of a democratic security that guarantees freedom, that guerrilla today has no
control over territory and is reduced to A group that has only to take refuge in
neighboring countries like Ecuador and Venezuela and also the paramilitaries
demobilized giving total control to the state
LOGROS
The armed conflict in our country has generated more difficulties than
achievements. We have spent 33 years in it and trying to find the longed for
peace.
Now we have advanced in Havana (Cuba) in a new process that we want to
believe, bring what all Colombians want.