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~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ

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LEVEL-I Ed§ LEVEL-II narjm hoVw

Part 1
àJʶ àH$meZ
126, go³Q>a-6, {dÚmYa ZJa, O¶nwa 302039

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~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ

Part 1
‘yë¶ … <350

H$moB© ì¶p³V ¶m ’$‘© Bg nwñVH$ H$m Zm‘, {S>OmBZ, AÝXa H$s gm‘J«r nyU© ¶m Am§{eH$ ê$n go Vmo‹S>-‘amo‹S>H$a
d AXb-~XbH$a N>mnZo H$m gmhg Z H$ao, AݶWm dh H$mZyZr Vm¡a na hO} d IM} H$m {Oå‘oXma hmoJm&
¶Ú{n V϶m| H$s g˶Vm gw{ZpíMV H$aZo Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘o§ g^r gå^d gmdYm{Z¶m± ~aVr JB© h¡ VWm{n nwñVH$
‘| {H$gr Ìw{Q> ¶m Aݶ Xmofm| Ho$ {bE àH$meH$ CÎmaXm¶r Zht hmoJm& {H$gr ^r n[admX Ho$ {bE ݶm{¶H$ joÌ
O¶nwa (amOñWmZ) hmoJm&

àH$meH$ …

àJʶ àH$meZ
126, go³Q>a-6, {dÚmYa ZJa, O¶nwa 302039
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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^y{‘H$m
àñVwV nwñVH$ ‘| ~mb {dkmZ-‘Zmo{dkmZ H$mo ‘mZg Ho$ g‘j aIH$a ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ H$maU, ‘hÎd, AW© na {dMma aIm
J¶m h¡ VWm BgH$s gr‘m H$m {ZYm©aU ^r {H$¶m h¡& {dH$mg Ho$ {Z¶‘, {gÕmÝV Am¡a à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| na {dMma
aIVo hþE, d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU na ^r Bemam hþAm h¡& My±{H$ ^yV na hr dV©‘mZ H$m ‘hb {Q>H$m hmoVm h¡ Bgr{bE J^©
Ho$ g‘¶ Am¡a nyd© VWm ~mX H$s g‘ñV pñW{V¶m| H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIH$a h‘Zo H«$‘dma BgH$s ì¶m»¶m àñVwV H$s h¡& EH$
gMoîQ> ‘mbr H$s Vah Mm¡H$sXmar H$m ܶmZ aIm h¡ VWm emar[aH$ {dH$mg go boH$a ~mbH$ Ho$ {H«$¶mË‘H$, g§kmZmË‘H$,
^mfm, gm‘m{OH$, g§doJmË‘H$ VWm ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg H$mo nÕ{V Ho$ AZwgma aIH$a CZ ~mVm| H$mo ^r CR>m¶m h¡, {Oggo
{H$ ~mb AnamY H$mo ~‹T>mdm {‘bVm h¡& ~mbH$ {H$g àH$ma {MÝVZ H$aVm h¡, {H$g àH$ma grIVm h¡, CZH$s ì¶p³VJV
{d{^ÝZVmE±, ì¶p³VËd, ~w{Õ Am{X na ^r àH$me S>mbm J¶m h¡& {d{eîQ>, gmYmaU Ed§ g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$ Ho$ AZÝVa
{dH$mgH«$‘ Ed§ ñd^md na ^r ~mV CR>mB© JB© h¡& ~mbH$m| Ho$ {ejU H$s {d{Y¶m| H$m {dñV¥V {ddoMZ {H$¶m J¶m h¡& ~mbH$m|
H$s CnbpãY H$m ‘mnZ ‘mZd {dH$mg H$m Ho$db EH$ n[aM¶ Zht ~pëH$ h‘mar ‘yb^yV g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ h¡& {ejm
Ho$ joÌ ‘| ~mbH$m| H$mo àmá A{YH$ma, amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm Am{X H$mo ^r {df¶-dñVw ‘| gpå‘{bV {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
nwñVH$ boIZ ‘| à¶mg {H$¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ àñVm{dV nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ho$ g^r {~ÝXþAm| na MMm© hmo, {Oggo N>mÌm| H$mo
{df¶ dñVw Ho$ {bE AÝ¶Ì Z OmZm n‹S>o& gånyU© nmR²>¶-gm‘J«r EH$ hr ñWmZ na CnbãY H$amZo H$m nyU© à¶ËZ {H$¶m J¶m
h¡& nmR²>¶-nwñVH$ A˶ÝV hr gab VWm ~moYJå¶ ^mfm ‘| {bIZo H$s MoîQ>m H$s JB© h¡& ^mfm e¡br H$m ñVa ^r A˶ÝV
CÀM aIVo hþE Bgo N>mÌm| Ho$ AZwê$n hr aIZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m J¶m h¡& Amdí¶H$ ñWmZm| na CXmhaU, ÑîQ>mÝV VWm
g‘w{MV ì¶m»¶m XoH$a {df¶-dñVw g‘w{MV ê$n go g‘PmZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m J¶m h¡& nwñVH$ ‘| Aܶm¶rH$aU àñVm{dV
nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ho$ AZwê$n aIm J¶m h¡, {Oggo nmR>H$m| H$mo nmR²>¶H«$‘mZwgma Aܶ¶Z H$aZo ‘| gw{dYm aho&
h‘| nyU© {dídmg h¡ {H$ àñVwV g§ñH$aU CZ g^r Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJr {gÕ hmoJm, Omo ~mb {dH$mg VWm {ejU
{d{Y¶m| ‘| é{M aIVo h¢& h‘mam ¶h à¶mg ahm h¡ {H$ Bg {df¶ H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZo dmbo Am‘ nmR>H$m| Ho$ {bE ^r ¶h
nwñVH$ A˶ÝV Cn¶moJr {gÕ hmo& nwñVH$ Ho$ ^mdr g§ñH$aUm| ‘| gwYma hoVw nmR>H$m| Ho$ ‘yë¶dmZ Ed§ Cn¶moJr gwPmd gX¡d
Am‘§{ÌV h¡&

boIH$
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H«$‘ g§»¶m Aܶm¶ n¥îR> g§»¶m

1. ~mb {dH$mg 1-11

2. d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg 12-26

3. d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘ 27-50

4. d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU 51-62

5. A{YJ‘ 63-78

6. A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV 79-108

7. ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘ 109-132

8. A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ 133-151

9. ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE± 152-160

10. ì¶p³VËd 161-179

11. ~w{Õ 180-201

12. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ 202-256

13. g‘m¶moOZ 257-275

14. {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ‘yb à{H«$¶mE± 276-291

15. {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZmE± Ed§ {d{Y¶m± 292-317

16. ‘yë¶m§H$Z 318-332

17. CnbpãY narjU H$m {Z‘m©U 333-352

18. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ 353-361

19. {Z…ewëH$ Ed§ A{Zdm¶© {ejm A{YH$ma A{Y{Z¶‘, 2009 362-372

20. amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm, 2005 373-378

 AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AܶmnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB©
H$a aho h¢ Vmo Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr
H$jm Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm
h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&
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HPTET - 72209 28535

AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$
nong©, ‘m°S>b nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go
‘mJ©Xe©Z {H$¶m OmEJm, Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm
àmá H$a gH|$&

àJʶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ à˶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET, MP
Samvida, BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET, HPTET)
Ho$ {bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡& ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s
PDF àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$
³bmg J«wn ¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m Aݶ ñQ>S>r Jw«n ‘| Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘|
‘m°S>b nona ^ooO {XE OmE±J|&

REET - 94604 43210

UPTET - 95301 43210
MP Samvida - 95302 43210
BTET - 95302 43210
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CGTET - 72209 28969
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 àJʶ ~mb {dH$mg
Aܶm¶ 1
~mb {dH$mg
1.1 àñVmdZm
~më¶H$mb ‘mZd OrdZ H$s A˶ÝV ‘hÎdnyU© AdñWm h¡& ¶h {dH$mg H$mb
^mdr OrdZ H$s AmYma{ebm àñVwV H$aVm h¡& AV… g^r ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m|,
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{ejmempñ̶m| VWm Xme©{ZH$m| Zo Bg AdñWm Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo ñdrH$ma H$aVo hþE
Bg ~mV na Omoa {X¶m h¡ {H$ Bg Am¶w ‘| ~mbH$ H$m nmbZ-nmofU Am¡a {ejU
Bg àH$ma {H$¶m Om¶o {H$ dh g‘mO, g‘wXm¶ VWm amîQ´> Ho$ CÎm‘ ZmJ[aH$ Ho$
ê$n ‘| {dH${gV hmo gHo$&
’«$m¶S> Ho$ AZwgma-
àmUr Mma, nm±M gmb H$s C‘« ‘| Omo Hw$N> ~ZZm hmoVm h¡ ~Z OmVm h¡&
AV… ’«$m¶S> Ho$ AZwgma ^r OrdZ H$s àmapå^H$ AdñWm ‘hÎdnyU©
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AdñWm h¡&
Hw$N> g‘¶ nyd© VH$ g‘mO H$s ¶h YmaUm Wr {H$ ‘mZd {eew emar[aH$
ê$n go àm¡‹T>m| Ho$ g‘mZ hr hmoVm h¡, Omo {H$ {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| Yrao-Yrao àm¡T>m|
Ho$ ê$n ‘| n[ad{V©V hmo OmVm h¡& ì¶p³V¶m| H$s Bgr YmaUm Ho$ H$maU ~mb
{dH$mg VWm ~mb ‘Z Ho$ Aܶ¶Z H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& Xme©{ZH$m| Ho$ à¶mgm|
go Yrao-Yrao ~mb Aܶ¶Z Am¡a ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo g‘Pm OmZo bJm,
{OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n ~mb ‘Z VWm ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ Aܶ¶Z Ho$ {bE ñdVÝÌ
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ê$n go AbJ-AbJ emImAm| H$m Am{d^m©d hþAm, {OÝh| ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ VWm
{dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZm J¶m&
1.2 ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ
~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Xmo eãXm| go {‘bH$a ~Zm h¡- ~mb + ‘Zmo{dkmZ& ~mb
H$m AW© h¡ ~mbH$ AWm©V² dh àmUr Omo àm¡‹T> H$s loUr ‘| Zht Am¶m h¡, Cgo
~mbH$ H$s loUr ‘| aIm OmVm h¡& h‘ ¶h ^r H$h gH$Vo h¢ J^m©dñWm go boH$a
{H$emoamdñWm VH$ H$s Am¶w Ho$ ~ÀMm| H$mo ~mbH$m| H$s loUr ‘| aIm OmVm h¡&
‘Zmo{dkmZ go A{^àm¶ ‘Z Ho$ {dkmZ go h¡& AV… ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ go VmËn¶©
{dkmZ H$s Cg emIm go h¡, Omo ~mbH$m| Ho$ ‘Z (ì¶dhmam|) H$m Aܶ¶Z
J^m©dñWm go boH$a {H$emoamdñWm VH$ H$aVr h¡&
~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ AW© H$mo ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE {d{^ÝZ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m|
Zo AZoH$ n[a^mfmE± Xr h¡, CZ‘| go Hw$N> n[a^mfmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. H«$mo Am¡a H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-
~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ, dh d¡km{ZH$ Aܶ¶Z h¡, Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z
J^©H$mb H$s àmapå^H$ AdñWm go {H$emoamdñWm VH$ H$aVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 1
2. Ooåg S>´oda Ho$ AZwgma-
~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s dh emIm h¡, Omo àmUr Ho$ {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z OÝ‘
go n[an³dmñWm VH$ H$aVr h¡&
Cn¶w©³V n[a^mfmAm| go ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ ~mbH$m| Ho$
{dH$mg Am¡a ì¶dhma Ho$ g^r njm| H$m Aܶ¶Z J^m©dñWm go {H$emoamdñWm
VH$ d¡km{ZH$ VarH$m| go H$aVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ àmUr H$m OrdZ OÝ‘ go Zht A{nVw
J^m©YmZ Ho$ g‘¶ go hr àmaå^ hmoVm h¡& AV… ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Bgr {dH$mg H$m
Aܶ¶Z J^m©dñWm go {H$emoamdñWm VH$ H$aVm h¡&
1.3 {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ
gmYmaUV¶m ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Am¡a {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$mo EH$ hr AW©
‘| {b¶m OmVm h¡, {H$ÝVw XmoZm| ‘| n¶m©á AÝVa h¡& ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ ~mbH$ Ho$
{dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z Ho$db {H$emoamdñWm VH$ hr H$aVm h¡ O~{H$ {dH$mgmË‘H$
‘Zmo{dkmZ A˶ÝV hr {dñV¥V Am¡a ì¶mnH$ h¡& ¶h àmUr Ho$ {dH$mg H$m
Aܶ¶Z OÝ‘ nyd© go boH$a OrdZ n¶©ÝV H$aVm h¡& {dH$mg EH$ H«${‘H$ à{H«$¶m
h¡, Omo OrdZ-n¶©ÝV {H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n ‘| MbVr ahVr h¡&
{dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Z g‘mZ Zht hmoVo h¢& OrdZ H$s
àmapå^H$ AdñWm ‘| aMZmË‘H$ n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢, ³¶m|{H$ OrdZ Ho$ nydm©Õ© ‘|
d¥{Õ Vrd« J{V go hmoVr h¡& OrdZ Ho$ CÎmamÕ© ‘| {dZmemË‘H$ n[adV©Z hmoVm
h¡& aMZmË‘H$ n[adV©Z àmUr ‘| n[an³dVm bmVo h¢ Am¡a {dZmemË‘H$ n[adV©Z
àmUr H$mo d¥ÕmdñWm H$s Amoa bo OmVo h¢& OrdZ Ho$ CÎmamÕ© ‘| {dZmemË‘H$
n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢& ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$db ~më¶H$mb ‘| hmoZo dmbo aMZmË‘H$
n[adV©Zm| H$m hr Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡, O~{H$ {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ EH$ ì¶mnH$
à˶¶ h¡, Omo àmUr Ho$ {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ XemAm| VWm
n[adV©Zm| H$m Aܶ¶Z J^m©YmZ go boH$a d¥ÕmdñWm VH$ H$aVm h¡&
1.4 ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ed§ {dH$mgmË‘H$
‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| AÝVa
¶Ú{n {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s hr EH$ emIm h¡, {H$ÝVw
XmoZm| Ho$ CÔoí¶, H$m¶© joÌ Am¡a ÑpîQ>H$moU ‘| n¶m©á AÝVa h¡& Bg AÝVa H$mo
{ZåZ AmYma na g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. joÌ ‘| AÝVa
{dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m joÌ A˶ÝV ì¶mnH$ d {dñV¥V h¡& ¶h ~mb
‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m {dñVma h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ¶h àmUr Ho$ {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z OÝ‘ nyd©
 n¥îR> 2
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
go boH$a d¥ÕmdñWm VH$ H$aVm h¡& ¶h gånyU© Ord Ho$ {dH$mg go gå~pÝYV
h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m joÌ Ho$db {H$emoamdñWm VH$ hr gr{‘V
h¡& {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ joÌ H$s ì¶mnH$Vm Bg ~mV go ^r kmV hmoVr
h¡ {H$ {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ àmUr Ho$ {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| hmoZo dmbo aMZmË‘H$
VWm {dZmemË‘H$ XmoZm| àH$ma Ho$ n[adV©Zm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡, O~{H$ ~mb
‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$db ~mbH$m| Ho$ aMZmË‘H$ n[adV©Zm| H$m hr Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡&
2. CÔoí¶ ‘| AÝVa
~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m ‘w»¶ CÔoí¶ ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘Z Am¡a ì¶dhmam| H$mo g‘PZm h¡&
Bg àH$ma Ho$ Aܶ¶Z go e¡{jH$ {ZX}eZ ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV
{dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m CÔoí¶ ~mbH$ Ho$ ^yV Am¡a ^{dî¶ H$mo CZHo$
dV©‘mZ go Omo‹S>Zm h¡& Bg H$maU {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ {dH$mg H$s g^r
AdñWmAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡& BgH$m à‘wI CÔoí¶ àmUr H$s j‘VmAm| Ho$
{dH$mg H$s {Xem d J{V {ZYm©[aV H$aZm h¡&
3. ÑpîQ>H$moU ‘| AÝVa
~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ ~mbH$ H$s j‘VmAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡& dh ¶h OmZZo H$m
à¶mg H$aVm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ Ho$ AÝXa H$m¡Z-H$m¡Zgr j‘VmE± {dÚ‘mZ h¢& CZHo$
ì¶dhma àm¡‹T>m| go {H$g àH$ma {^ÝZ h¢& {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ ~mbH$ H$s
j‘VmAm| Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ Aܶ¶Z na ~b XoVm h¡, {OgHo$ AmYma na AmO Ho$
~mbH$ H$mo H$b Ho$ {bE àm¡‹T>Vm àmá hmo gHo$&
Bg àH$ma Cn¶w©³V {ddaU go ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ VWm {dH$mgmË‘H$
‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| n¶m©á AÝVa {XIm¶r XoVm h¡&
1.5 ~mb {dH$mg H$m AW©
~mb {dH$mg go VmËn¶© ~mbH$m| Ho$ gdmªJrU {dH$mg go h¡& ~mb {dH$mg H$m
Aܶ¶Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s EH$ AbJ emIm ~ZmB©
J¶r Omo ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhmam| H$m Aܶ¶Z J^m©dñWm go boH$a ‘¥Ë¶wn¶©ÝV H$aVr
h¡, naÝVw dV©‘mZ g‘¶ ‘| Bgo ~mb {dH$mg ‘| n[ad{V©V H$a {X¶m J¶m, ³¶m|{H$
~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| Ho$db ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhmam| H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡,
O~{H$ ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ AÝVJ©V CZ g^r V϶m| H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡,
Omo ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhmam| H$mo EH$ {ZYm©[aV {Xem àXmZ H$a {dH$mg ‘| ghm¶Vm
àXmZ H$aVo h¢& habm°H$ Zo Bg gå~ÝY ‘| H$hm h¡ {H$-
~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m Zm‘ ~mb {dH$mg Bg{bE ~Xbm J¶m, ³¶m|{H$ A~ ~mbH$ Ho$
{dH$mg Ho$ g‘ñV nhbwAm| na ܶmZ Ho$pÝÐV {H$¶m OmVm h¡, {H$gr EH$ nj na Zht&
1.6 ~mb {dH$mg H$s n[a^mfmE±
~mb {dH$mg Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| AZoH$ {dÛmZm| Zoo AbJ-AbJ n[a^mfmE± Xr h¢-
1. H«$mo EÊS> H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-
~mb {dH$mg dh {dkmZ h¡, Omo ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m Aܶ¶Z J^m©dñWm go
‘¥Ë¶wn¶©ÝV VH$ H$aVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
~mb {dH$mg àJʶ
2. S>m{d©Z Ho$ AZwgma-
~mb {dH$mg ì¶dhmam| H$m dh {dkmZ h¡, Omo ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m Aܶ¶Z
J^m©dñWm go ‘¥Ë¶wn¶©ÝV VH$ H$aVm h¡&
3. habm°H$ Ho$ AZwgma-
~mb {dH$mg ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s dh emIm h¡, Omo J^m©YmZ go boH$a ‘¥Ë¶wn¶©ÝV hmoZo dmbo
‘Zwî¶ Ho$ {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘| hmZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡&
Bg àH$ma Cn¶w©³V n[a^mfmAm§o go ¶h ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$ ~mb {dH$mg
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~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s hr EH$ emIm h¡, Omo ~mbH$m| Ho$ {dH$mg, ì¶dhma, {dH$mg
H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo {d{^ÝZ VÎdm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVr h¡&
1.7 ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ joÌ
~mb {dH$mg H$m joÌ A˶ÝV hr {dñV¥V Am¡a ì¶mnH$ h¡& ¶h ~mbH$ Ho$
{dH$mg Ho$ g^r Am¶m‘m|, ñdê$nm|, Agm‘mݶVmAm|, emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$
www.praganya.org n[adV©Zm| VWm CZH$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo VÎdm|, O¡go- n[an³dVm Am¡a
{ejU, d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU Am{X g^r H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡& ~mb
{dH$mg Ho$ joÌ Ho$ AÝVJ©V {ZåZ{b{IV ~mVm| H$mo gpå‘{bV {H$¶m OmVm h¡-
1. ~mb {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z
àmUr Ho$ OrdZ àgma ‘| AZoH$ AdñWmE± hmoVr h¢& O¡go- J^©H$mbrZ AdñWm,
e¡edmdñWm, ~MnZmdñWm, ~më¶mdñWm, d¶ g§{Y Am¡a {H$emoamdñWm& ~mb
{dH$mg Ho$db ~më¶mdñWm H$m hr Aܶ¶Z Zht H$aVm A{nVw {dH$mg H«$‘ H$s
g^r AdñWmAm| Ho$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, gm‘m{OH$, g§doJmË‘H$, ~m¡{ÕH$ Am{X
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g^r nhbwAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡&
{dH$mg H«$‘ H$s à˶oH$ AdñWm AnZr EH$ AbJ {deofVm aIVr h¡&
à˶oH$ AdñWm ‘| nhþ±MZo na ~mbH$ H$s emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$m
ñdê$n ~Xb OmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ {ZV Z¶r n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo
Ho$ {bE ~mbH$ AnZo ì¶dhma à{V‘mZm| ‘| n[adV©Z H$a boVm h¡&
2. ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z
~mb {dH$mg ~mbH$ Ho$ {H$gr EH$ hr joÌ go gå~pÝYV Zht hmoVm h¡& BgHo$
AÝVJ©V {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm|… O¡go- emar[aH$ {dH$mg, ‘mZ{gH$
{dH$mg, g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg, gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg, {H«$¶mË‘H$ {dH$mg, ^mfm
{dH$mg, Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg, Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg Am¡a ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg g^r H$m
{dñVmanyd©H$ Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
3. ~mb {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo VÎdm| H$m Aܶ¶Z
~mb {dH$mg CZ g^r VÎdm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡, Omo ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo
à˶j d Aà˶j ê$n go à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg na à‘wI ê$n
go d§e naånam Am¡a dmVmdaU VWm n[an³dVm Am¡a {ejU H$m à^md n‹S>Vm
h¡& ~mb {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| BZ VÎdm| Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ H$m ì¶p³VËd EH$
{deof ê$n J«hU H$aVm h¡& d§e naånam ~mbH$m| H$mo J^m©YmZ Ho$ g‘¶ hr
CZHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm VWm nyd©Om| Ho$ {d{^ÝZ emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ JwU, ¶mo½¶VmE±
d j‘VmE± àXmZ H$a XoVr h¡, {OZH$m à^md OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX AmOrdZ ~mbH$ Ho$
 àJʶ ~mb {dH$mg
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
{dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm| na n‹S>Vm h¡& OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX Omo VÎd ~mbH$ Ho$
{dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢, do g^r dmVmdaUr¶ hmoVo h¢& dmVmdaUr¶ VÎd
^r à˶j d Aà˶j ê$n go {ZaÝVa ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo {d{^ÝZ ê$nm| ‘|
à^m{dV H$aVo ahVo h¢&
n[an³dVm Am¡a {ejU ^r ~mb {dH$mg na AnZm A˶{YH$ à^md
S>mbVo h¢& n[an³dVm AmÝV[aH$ hmoVr h¡ Am¡a {ejU ~mø dmVmdaU go àmá
hmoVm h¡& ~mbH$ Ho$ g‘w{MV {dH$mg Ho$ {bE XmoZm| H$m hmoZm Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡&
Bg àH$ma ~mb$ {dH$mg ~mbH$m| Ho$ {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVo g‘¶ {dH$mg
H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo g^r VÎdm| H$m ^r Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡&
4. ~mbH$m| H$s {d{^ÝZ Agm‘mݶVmAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z
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~mb {dH$mg Ho$ AÝVJ©V Ho$db gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {dH$mg H$m hr Aܶ¶Z Zht
{H$¶m OmVm, ~pëH$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ OrdZ {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| hmoZo dmbr Agm‘mݶVmAm|
Am¡a {dH¥${V¶m| H$m ^r Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ~mb {dH$mg, AgÝVw{bV
ì¶dhmam|, ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mam|, ~m¡{ÕH$ Xþ~©bVmAm| VWm ~mb AnamYm| Ho$ H$maUm|
H$mo OmZZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡ Am¡a {ZamH$aU hoVw Cnm¶ ^r ~VmVm h¡&
5. ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ {dkmZ H$m Aܶ¶Z
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~mb {dH$mg Ho$db ‘mZ{gH$ Xþ~©bVmAm| Am¡a amoJm| H$m hr Aܶ¶Z Zht H$aVm,
~pëH$ {d{^ÝZ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ VarH$m| go CZHo$ CnMma ^r àñVwV H$aVm h¡&
‘Zmo{M{H$Ëgm ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Am¡a ~mb {dH$mg H$s hr XoZ h¡&
6. ~mb ì¶dhmam| Am¡a AÝV… {H«$¶mAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z
‘Zwî¶ J{Verb d gm‘m{OH$ àmUr h¡& {d{^ÝZ Am¶w ñVam| na dh AnZo
g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ {bE AnZo gånH©$ ‘| AmZo dmbo ì¶p³V¶m|, O¡go-n[adma Ho$
bmoJ, n‹S>mogr, AܶmnH$, Iob Ho$ gmWr Am¡a g‘mO ‘| g^r n[a{MVm| Ho$ gmW
AÝV… {H«$¶mE± H$aVm ahVm h¡& ~mb {dH$mg, {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘|
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hmoZo dmbr ~mbH$ H$s {d{^ÝZ AÝV… {H«$¶mAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$a ¶h OmZZo H$m
à¶mg H$aVm h¡ {H$ ¶o {H«$¶mE± H$m¡Z-gr h¢ Am¡a BZgo ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘|
³¶m n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢, ¶o n[adV©Z g‘m¶moOZ ‘| ghm¶H$ h¡ ¶m ~mYH$& ~mbH$
Ho$ g‘w{MV {dH$mg VWm g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ {bE ¶o AÝV… {H«$¶mE± Amdí¶H$ h¢&
7. ~mbH$m| H$s ê${M¶m| H$m Aܶ¶Z
~mb {dH$mg ~mbH$m| H$s ê${M¶m| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$a CÝh| e¡{jH$ Am¡a ì¶mdgm{¶H$
{ZX}eZ àXmZ H$aVm h¡& ê${M¶m± EH$ A{O©V ì¶dhma h¡, Omo OÝ‘OmV Zht hmoVr
h¡, ~pëH$ grIr OmVr h¡& ê${M¶m± H$m¶© H$aVr h¢ Am¡a bú¶ H$s ny{V© H$mo AmgmZ
~ZmVr h¢& ¶{X ~mbH$ H$mo {H$gr H$m¶© ‘| ê${M hmoVr h¡, Vmo dh Cgo erK«Vm go
A{YH$ ‘Zmo¶moJ Ho$ gmW nyam H$a boVm h¡&
8. ~mbH$m| H$s {d{^ÝZ ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶mAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z
~mb {dH$mg ~mbH$m| Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶mAm|,
O¡go- A{YJ‘, H$ënZm, {MÝVZ, VH©$, ñ‘¥{V VWm à˶jrH$aU Am{X H$m
Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡& ~mb {dH$mg ¶h OmZZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡ {H$ {d{^ÝZ
Am¶w ñVam| ‘| ¶o ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶mE± {H$g ê$n ‘| nm¶r OmVr h¢ Am¡a CZHo$
{dH$mg H$s J{V ³¶m hmoVr h¡& Bgr Ho$ AmYma na ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶mAm| H$m
{dH$mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 3
9. ~mbH$m| H$s d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z
¶Ú{n g^r Am¶w ñVam| na {dH$mg H$m EH$ {ZpíMV à{Vê$n hmoVm h¡, bo{H$Z
{’$a ^r à˶oH$ joÌ ‘| g^r ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg H$m EH$ {ZpíMV à{Vê$n hmoVm
h¡& emar[aH$ {dH$mg ‘| Hw$N> ~mbH$ A{YH$ bå~o, Hw$N> ZmQ>o VWm Hw$N> gm‘mݶ
bå~mB© Ho$ hmoVo h¢& Bgr àH$ma ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| ^r Hw$N> à{V^membr,
Hw$N> gm‘mݶ Am¡a Hw$N> ‘ÝX ~w{Õ hmoVo h¢& Bgr àH$ma Hw$N> ~mbH$ gm‘m{OH$
VWm ~{h‘w©Ir hmoVo h¢, O~{H$ Hw$N> AÝV‘w©Ir& AV… {dH$mg Ho$ g^r joÌm| ‘|
ì¶p³VJV {^ÝZVm nm¶r OmVr h¡&
10. ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z
~mb {dH$mg Ho$ AÝVJ©V ~mbH$m| H$s {d{^ÝZ emar[aH$$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm|
H$m ‘mnZ d ‘yë¶m§H$Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ho$ ‘mnZ d ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ {bE
~mb {dH$mg Ho$ joÌ ‘| ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ûmam {ZV Z¶o d¡km{ZH$ VWm à‘mnrH¥$V
narjUm| H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ¶o narjU {d{^ÝZ Am¶w ñVam| na ~mbH$m|
H$s ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m ‘mnZ H$a CZHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aVo h¢&
11. ~mbH$-A{^^mdH$ gå~ÝYm| H$m Aܶ¶Z
OÝ‘ Ho$ níMmV² g~go nhbo ~mbH$ H$mo AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm H$m g§ajU àmá
hmoVm h¡& ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd {ZYm©aU Am¡a g‘w{MV {dH$mg ‘| ‘mVm-{nVm H$m
‘hÎdnyU© ¶moJXmZ hmoVm h¡& {OZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ gå~ÝY AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ gmW
AÀN>o Zht hmoVo h¢, do A³ga Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV Am¡a AnamYr àd¥[Îm Ho$ hmo OmVo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg, ~mbH$-A{^^mdH$ gå~ÝYm| Ho$ {ZYm©aH$ VÎdm| VWm g‘ñ¶mAm|
Am¡a CZHo$ {ZamH$aU H$m Aܶ¶Z H$a ‘mVm-{nVm VWm ~mbH$m| Ho$ ~rM AÀN>o
gå~ÝY {dH${gV H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡, {Oggo ~mbH$ n[adma, g‘mO d
amîQ´> Ho$ AÀN>o ZmJ[aH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| {dH${gV hmo gH|$&
1.8 ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ Aܶ¶Z H$m ‘hÎd
dV©‘mZ g‘¶ ‘| ~mb {dH$mg ^r Aݶ gm‘m{OH$ {dkmZm| H$s Vah EH$ ñdVÝÌ
{dkmZ h¡& BgH$m Aܶ¶Z gånyU© ‘mZd {dH$mg H$s BH$mB© ‘mZm OmVm h¡,
Bg{bE H«$mo EÊS> H«$mo Zo H$hm {H$-
ì¶p³V VWm g‘mO Ho$ H$ë¶mU Ho$ joÌ ‘| ê${M aIZo dmbo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$, {ejH$,
A{^^mdH$, gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶©H$Vm© ~mbH$m| Ho$ Aܶ¶Z H$mo ‘hÎd XoZo bJo h¢& ~mbH$
ì¶p³V H$m {nVm h¡ ~mbH$ Ho$ àW‘ N>… df© ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVo h¢, Am{X bmoH$mop³V¶m| Zo
~mb {dH$mg Ho$ Aܶ¶Z Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo ~‹T>m¶m hr h¡&
Bg àH$ma ~mb {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z g^r Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJr h¡& ~mbH$
{H$gr ^r g‘mO d amîQ´> H$s AmYma{ebm h¡& CZH$m ñdñW {dH$mg g‘mO d
amîQ´ H$s àJ{V ‘| ¶moJXmZ XoVm h¡& ‘mVm-{nVm ^r ~mb Aܶ¶Z Ho$ Ûmam AnZo
~ÀMo H$mo g‘mO Ho$ AÀN>o ZmJ[aH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| {dH${gV H$a gH$Vo h¢& CgH$s
à{V^mAm| H$mo OmZH$a CgH$s {ejm H$s C{MV ì¶dñWm H$a gH$Vo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z ‘mVm-{nVm VWm Aݶ bmoJm| Ho$ {bE {ZåZ
ê$nm| ‘| bm^H$mar hmo gH$Vm h¡-
1. {dH$mgmË‘H$ {H«$¶mAm| H$m kmZ àmá hmoZm
{dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ Xm¡amZ à˶oH$ ~mbH$ {H$gr {d{eîQ> Am¶w ‘| Hw$N> {d{eîQ>
 n¥îR> 4 ~mb {dH$mg
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
JwU àX{e©V H$aVm h¡, Omo Cggo nyd© ¶m ~mX H$s AdñWmAm| ‘| ¶m Vmo hmoVo hr
Zht h¢ ¶m ¶{X hmoVo ^r h¢, Vmo gm‘mݶ hmoVo h¢ {d{eîQ> Zht& BÝht {d{eîQ> JwUm|
H$mo {dH$mgmË‘H$ {H«$¶mE± H$hm OmVm h¡& BZ {dH$mgmË‘H$ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ AmYma na
~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$s ^{dî¶dmUr H$s Om gH$Vr h¡ Am¡a {dH$mgmË‘H$ {H«$¶mAm|
Ho$ AZwgma CZ JwUm| H$mo {dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ {bE gmYZ d gw{dYmE± àXmZ H$s
Om gH$Vr h¢& O¡go- OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX 1-12 ‘mh H$s Am¶w ‘| ~mbH$ MbZo H$s
{H«$¶mE± H$aZo bJVm h¡, 3-4 ‘mh ‘| ^mfm {dH$mg hmoZo bJVm h¡ Am{X g^r
{H«$¶mE± AdñWm {deof H$s {dH$mgmË‘H$ {H«$¶mE± h¢&
2. ~mb nmofU {d{Y¶m| H$m kmZ
~mb {dH$mg Ho$ Aܶ¶Z go ‘mVm-{nVm VWm A[^^mdH$m| H$mo ~mb nmofU
{d{Y¶m| H$m kmZ àmá hmo OmVm h¡& à˶oH$ ‘mVm-{nVm àW‘ {eew Ho$ OÝ‘ Ho$
g‘¶ ~mb nmofU Ho$ kmZ go AZ{^k hmoVo h¢, bo{H$Z ~mb {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z
‘mVm-{nVm H$mo ‘mV¥Ëd VWm {nV¥Ëd Ho$ Xm{¶Ëd O¡go Jå^ra àíZm| H$mo hb H$aHo$
~mb nmofU H$mo ghO ~ZmVm h¡&
3. ì¶p³V {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$s OmZH$mar àmá hmoZm
¶Ú{n {dH$mg H$m EH$ {ZpíMV à{V‘mZ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a à˶oH$ {dH$mgmdñWm H$s
AnZr Hw$N> à‘wI {deofVmE± hmoVr h¢ {’$a ^r OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX Xmo ~mbH$m| Ho$ {dH$mg
‘| g‘mZVm Zht nm¶r OmVr h¡, O¡go- EH$ ~mbH$ Hw$emJ« ~w{Õ hmoVm h¡, O~{H$
Xÿgam gm‘mݶ ~w{Õ& ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ Aܶ¶Z go ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m
nVm MbVm h¡, {Oggo ~mbH$m| Ho$ {ejm {ZX}eZ ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡&
4. {dH$mg H$s AdñWmAm| H$m kmZ
~mb {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z ‘mVm-{nVm H$mo ¶h OmZH$mar àXmZ H$aVm h¡ {H$
J^©dñWm go boH$a ~mbH$ àm¡‹T>mdñWm VH$ {H$g àH$ma {dH${gV hmoVm h¡&
OrdZ H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘| {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm| ‘| H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z go
n[adV©Z hm|Jo& {dH$mg H$s AdñWm H$s OmZH$mar àmá H$a ‘mVm-{nVm ~mbH$m|
Ho$ g‘w{MV {dH$mg ‘| AnZm ¶moJXmZ Xo gH$Vo h¢&
5. ~mbH$m| Ho$ à{ejU VWm {ejm ‘| Cn¶moJr
~mb {dH$mg Ho$ Aܶ¶Z go ¶h OmZH$mar {‘bVr h¡ {H$ {H$g AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$
{H$VZr ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm aIVm h¡& ~ÀMo H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm Am¡a ~w{Õ Ho$
AZwgma hr CgHo$ à{ejU VWm {ejm H$s ì¶dñWm H$s OmVr h¡ VWm {d{^ÝZ
H$jmAm| ‘| CgH$s ¶mo½¶VmZwgma hr nmR²>¶H«$‘ V¡¶ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
6. ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd {Z‘m©U ‘| ghm¶H$
~mb {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z ~mb {dH$mg H$o {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm| H$s OmZH$mar àXmZ
H$aVm h¡, {Oggo ‘mVm-{nVm, A{^^mdH$m| VWm {ejH$m| H$mo ¶h OmZH$mar
àmá hmoVr h¡ {H$ ~mbH Ho$ ì¶p³VËd {Z‘m©U ‘| H$m¡Z-go VÎd ghm¶H$ h¢ Am¡a
H$m¡Z-go ~mYH$& H$m¡Z-go VÎd ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg Ho$ {bE na‘ Amdí¶H$ h¢
Am¡a H$m¡Z-go ~mYH$& Am{X ~mV| ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ Aܶ¶Z go hr kmV hmoVr h¢,
{OÝh| OmZH$a ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg ‘| ghm¶Vm àmá hmoVr h¡&
7. ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhmam| H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$
~mb {dH$mg H$m à‘wI CÔoí¶ ~mbH$m| H$m g‘w{MV {dH$mg H$a CÝh| g‘mO d
Xoe Ho$ AÀN>o ZmJ[aH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| {dH${gV H$aZm h¡& {H$gr ^r ~mbH$ H$mo g‘mO
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
V^r ñdrH$ma H$aVm h¡, O~{H$ CgH$m emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go ì¶dhma
gm‘mݶ hmo& ~mb {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z ‘mVm-{nVm VWm {ejH$m| H$mo Bg ~mV
Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aVm h¡ {H$ dh àmaå^ go hr ~mbH$m| H$mo Bg àH$ma H$m {ZX}eZ
Xo {H$ à˶oH$ joÌ ‘| CZH$m ì¶dhma {Z¶pÝÌV d gm‘mݶ hmo&
8. ~mbH$m| Ho$ ñd^md H$mo g‘PZo ‘| ghm¶H$
{dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘| g^r ~mbH$m| Ho$ ñd^md ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm
ahVm h¡& Hw$N> ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg Vrd« J{V go hmoVm h¡ dh AnZo à˶oH$
dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW AmgmZr go g‘m¶moOZ H$a gH$Vo h¢, O~{H$ AÝV‘w©Ir
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~mbH$m| H$mo ¶{X C{MV {ZX}eZ àmá Zht hmoVm h¡ Vmo CZH$m {dH$mg Hw§${R>V hmo
OmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ dh AnZr Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo ‘hgyg Vmo H$aVo h¢, bo{H$Z
CZH$m àH$Q>rH$aU Zht H$a nmVo h¢& ~mb {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z Eogo ~mbH$m| Ho$
ñd^md H$mo g‘PZo VWm CÝh| C{MV {ZX}eZ XoH$a CZHo$ {dH$mg ‘| ghm¶Vm
àXmZ H$aVm h¡&
9. ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| nydm©Zw‘mZ
www.praganya.org H$hmdV h¡ {H$ nyV Ho$ nm±d nmbZo ‘| hr {XIm¶r XoVo h¢& ~mb {dH$mg H$m kmZ
Bg H$hmdV H$s nwpîQ> H$aVm h¡& ~mb {dH$mg Am¡a ~mb ì¶dhma Ho$ Aܶ¶Z
Ûmam ~ÀMo Ho$ ^mdr {dH$mg Ho$ Aܶ¶Z ‘| ^{dî¶dmÊmr H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& ¶{X
{H$gr ~mbH$ H$m {dH$mg Am¶w Ho$ {d{^ÝZ ñVam| na Vrd« J{V go hmoVm h¡, Vmo
H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ à{V^membr hmoJm, Bgr àH$ma ¶{X gm‘mݶ T>§J
go hmoVm h¡, Vmo H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ gm‘mݶ hmoJm& ¶{X ‘ÝX J{V go
hmoJm Vmo ~mbH$ ‘ÝX ~w{Õ hmoJm&
10. n[adma ¶m g‘mO H$s gwI-g‘¥{Õ ‘| ghm¶H$
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~mb {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z Ho$db ~mbH$m| H$m hr gdmªJrU {dH$mg Zht H$aVm
A{nVw ~mbH$m| Ho$ C{MV {dH$mg Ûmam n[adma d g‘mO H$s empÝV VWm gwI
g‘¥{Õ ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$aVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ AmO H$m ~mbH$ hr ^{dî¶ H$m {nVm
VWm amîQ>´ {Z‘m©Vm h¡& ~mbH$ H$m ‘Z EH$ H$ÀMr {‘År Ho$ K‹S>o Ho$ g‘mZ h¡&
AV… ¶h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡¡ {H$ AܶmnH$ d A{^^mdH$ ‘| ~ÀMm| H$s
g’$bVm Ho$ {b¶o CÝh| {dH$mg Ho$ ~mao ‘| nVm hmoZm Mm{hE, {Oggo ¶h kmV
hmo gHo$ {H$ ~mbH$ H¡$go {dH${gV hmo ahm h¡& ¶{X BgH$m à¶moJ Zht hmoVm, Vmo
~mbH$ H$m {dH$mg hr ~mbH$ H$s àJ{V ‘| ~mYH$ hmoVm h¡& ¶hm± ¶h H$hm Om
gH$Vm h¡ {H$ AܶmnH$ d A{^^mdH$m| H$mo ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$s {Xem H$m nyU©
kmZ hmoZm Mm{hE&
1.9 ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘o àM{bV ^«m{ÝV¶m±
Am¡a naånamJV {dídmg
¶Ú{n 20dt eVmãXr ‘| ~mb-{dH$mg {df¶ H$m A˶{YH$ {dH$mg hþAm h¡
{’$a ^r dV©‘mZ g‘¶ ‘| ~mbH$m| Am¡a CZHo$ {dH$mg Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| Hw$N> Eogr
^«mpÝV¶m± Am¡a naånamJV {dídmg h¢, Omo ~mbH$m| H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& ¶o
^«mpÝV¶m± Ho$db J«m‘rU Am¡a AZn‹T> bmoJm| ‘| hr Zht h¢, ~pëH$ ehar Am¡a
n‹T>o-{bIo ‘mVm-{nVm Am¡a A{^^mdH$m| ‘| ^r h¢& BZ ^«mpÝV¶m| Ho$ H$maU
‘mVm-{nVm H$s nmbZ-nmofU {d{Y¶m± ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE Cn¶w³V h¢&
 àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
à‘wI naånamJV {dídmg {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
‘mVm-{nVm ‘| ~mbH$m| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| à‘wI ^«mpÝV ¶h h¡ {H$-
~mbH$ àm¡‹T> ì¶p³V H$m hr bKwê$n h¡&
Bg ^«mpÝV Ho$ H$maU ‘mVm-{nVm AnZo ~mbH$m| go ¶h Cå‘rX H$aVo
h¢ {H$ do ~më¶mdñWm ‘| hr d¶ñH$m| Ho$ g‘mZ g^r ì¶dhma H$aZo bJ|& ¶{X do
H$aZo ‘| Ag‘W© ahVo h¢, Vmo CÝh| XÊS> {X¶m OmVm h¡, AmbmoMZm H$s OmVr h¡
VWm {VañH$ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bggo ~mb ‘Z na ~wam à^md n‹S>Vm h¡, do hrZ
^mdZm H$m {eH$ma hmo OmVo h¢ Am¡a AmË‘{dídmg Imo XoVo h¢, {Oggo CZH$m
ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg Adê$Õ hmo OmVm h¡&
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo Bg {dídmg H$m IÊS>Z {H$¶m h¡& CZHo$ AZwgma,
~mbH$ hr àm¡‹T> ~ZVm h¡, {H$ÝVw ~më¶mdñWm ‘| dh àm¡‹T>m| Ho$ g‘mZ n[an³d
Zht hmoVm h¡&
2. ~mbH$m| Ho$ OÝ‘ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
~mbH$m| Ho$ OÝ‘ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ^r Hw$N> YmaUmE± à‘wI h¢, O¡go- Hw$N> bmoJ
‘mZVo h¢ {H$ ew^ ZjÌ ‘| n¡Xm hmoZo dmbm ~ÀMm ^m½¶embr hmoVm h¡ Am¡a CgH$m
OrdZ ñd¶§ Ho$ {bE VWm n[adma Ho$ {bE ‘§JbH$mar hmoVm h¡& Bgr àH$ma Omo
~ÀMm Aew^ ZjÌ ‘| n¡Xm hmoVm h¡ dh A‘§JbH$mar hmoVm h¡ VWm CgH$m OrdZ
n[adma VWm ñd¶§ Ho$ {bE H$îQ>àX hmoVm h¡& Bgr àH$ma gámh Ho$ {d{^ÝZ
{XZm| ‘| OÝ‘ boZo Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ^r AbJ-AbJ AdYmaUmE± Am¡a naånamJV
{dídmg h¢& Bgr àH$ma ¶{X {H$gr ~mbH$ Ho$ OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ VWm OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX
n[adma ‘| H$moB© ew^ H$m¶© hmoVm h¡ Am¡a n[adma H$s àJ{V d g‘¥{Õ hmoVr h¡,
Vmo Cg ~mbH$ H$mo ^m½¶embr ‘mZH$a Cgo Aݶ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| A{YH$
bm‹S>-߶ma {X¶m OmVm h¡&
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| VWm ~mb {deofkm| Ho$ ‘VmZwgma ¶h YmaUm ^r {ZamYma
h¡& Á¶mo{Vf Ho$ AZwgma ZjÌ d K{‹S>¶m± OrdZ H$mo à^m{dV Adí¶ H$aVr h¢,
{H$ÝVw OÝ‘ go hr {H$gr {eew H$mo ‘§JbH$mar ¶m A‘§JbH$mar Zht ~ZmVr h¢&
à{gÕ {ejmemñÌr ‘¡S>‘ ‘m[a¶m ‘m°ÊQ>ogar Ho$ AZwgma-
~mbH$ ‘| gÀMr ep³V H$m Amdmg hmoVm h¡ VWm CgH$s ‘wñHw$amhQ> hr gm‘m{OH$
ào‘ d Cëbmg H$s AmYma{ebm h¡&
3. d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| EH$ àM{bV AdYmaUm ¶h h¡ {H$ O¡go ‘mVm-{nVm
hmoVo h¢, d¡gr hr gÝVmZ ^r ~ZVr h¡& ¶{X ‘mVm-{nVm {e{jV, gwg§ñH¥$V VWm
~w{Õ‘mZ h¢, Vmo gÝVmZ| ^r gä¶ VWm gwg§ñH¥$V hm|Jr& ¶{X ‘mVm-{nVm {Zaja
VWm XþamMmar h¢, Vmo CZH$s gÝVmZ| ^r ‘yI© Am¡a XþamMmar ~Z|Jr& Bg àH$ma
{ZîH$f© ê$n ‘| AdYmaUm ¶h h¡ {H$ O¡gm ~rO h¡, d¡gm hr d¥j ~ZoJm Cgo AÀN>m
~ZmZo Ho$ {bE à¶mg H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht h¡& nwamZr H$hmdV ^r h¡ {H$ ~mo¶m
no‹S> ~~yb H$m Vmo Am‘ H$hm± go Am¶oJm&
dwS>dW© Ho$ AZwgma-
AmZwd§{eH$Vm Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m gå~ÝY Omo‹S> Ho$ g‘mZ Zht ~pëH$ JwUZ’$b Ho$
g‘mZ h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg n¥îR> 5
J¡aoQ> Ho$ AZwgma-
Bggo A{YH$ {ZpíMV ~mV Am¡a H$moB© Zht h¡ {H$ AmZwd§{eH$Vm Am¡a dmVmdaU
EH$-Xÿgao H$mo gh¶moJ XoZo dmbo à^md h¢ Am¡a XmoZm| hr ~mbH$ H$s g’$bVm Ho$ {bE
A{Zdm¶© h¢&
4. J^©H$mbrZ à^mdm| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
Hw$N> bmoJm| H$s ¶h AdYmaUm hmoVr h¡ {H$ J^©dVr ‘m± H$s {d{^ÝZ {H«$¶mE±,
O¡go- ^moOZ, naånamJV CnMma, Pm‹S>’y$±H$ VWm gm‘m{OH$ ar{V-[admO Am¡a
naånamE± J^©ñW {eew Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¢& O¡go- Hw$N> bmoJ ‘mZVo
h¢ {H$ ¶{X IÅm Am¡a MQ>nQ>m ImVr h¡, Vmo ~oQ>m hmoJm& Bg AdYmaUm go Ka Ho$
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gXñ¶ J^©dVr ñÌr H$s XoI^mb H$aVo h¢& à˶oH$ ì¶p³V A{YH$m§eV… nwÌ H$s
hr H$m‘Zm H$aVm h¡& AV… do Cg ñÌr H$s A{YH$ XoI^mb H$aVo h¢, {Oggo
¶h g§Ho$V {‘bVo h¢ {H$ nwÌ H$s àm{á hmoJr& n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶m| Ho$ Bg àH$ma
Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m à^md J^©dVr H$s ‘mZ{gH$ Xem na n‹S>Vm h¡, {Oggo J^©ñW
{eew H$m {dH$mg à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&
J^©H$mbrZ Cn¶w³V d gÝVw{bV ^moOZ, AÀN>m gm{h˶, AÀN>m
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‘Zmoa§OZ, ‘m± H$s gwIXm¶H$ AZw^y{V¶m± g^r Hw$N> J^©ñW {eew Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$
{bE gH$mamË‘H$ hmoVm h¡, {H$ÝVw Bg ~mV ‘| H$moB© V϶ Zht h¡ {H$ J^©YmaU
Ho$ ~mX {eew H$m qbJ n[ad{V©V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& {eew OÝ‘ EH$ Abm¡{H$H$
à{H«$¶m h¡& ~oQ>m Am¡a ~oQ>r XmoZm| hr g‘mZ ê$n go ‘hÎdembr Am¡a g‘mZ
j‘VmAm| go ¶w³V hmoVo h¢& H$m°Q>, S>Jbg, pñ‘W Am¡a ~¡{JZ Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-
Bg g§gma ‘| n¡Xm hmoZo dmbm à˶oH$ ~mbH$ ^JdmZ H$m EH$ Z¶m {dMma h¡ VWm
gX¡d VamoVmOm ahZo VWm M‘H$Zo dmbr gå^mdZm h¡&
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5. ¶m¡Z ^oX Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
Am{XH$mb go hr ñÌr H$mo {Z~©b Am¡a nwê$f H$mo g~b ‘mZm OmVm h¡& h‘mao
Ym{‘©H$ J«ÝW ^r nwÌr H$s VwbZm ‘| nwÌ OÝ‘ H$s loîR>Vm H$mo Bg{bE A{YH$
‘mZVo h¢ {H$ ‘mVm-{nVm H$mo ‘moj H$s àm{á H$am¶oJm& h‘mao Y‘© Am¡a àmMrZ
‘mݶVmAm| Ho$ H$maU hr ~m{bH$mAm| H$s VwbZm ‘| ~mbH$m| H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd
{X¶m OmVm h¡& Hw$N> ñWmZm| na Vmo nwÌr Ho$ OÝ‘ H$mo Aew^ ‘mZm OmVm h¡ Am¡a
OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX CZH$mo Jbm X~mH$a ‘ma {X¶m OmVm h¡& Omo ‘mVm-{nVm ~mbH$
Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| ‘| ^oX ‘mZVo h¢, do ~mbH$m| H$mo A{YH$ gw{dYmE± d bm‹S>-߶ma
XoVo h¢ Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| H$mo H$‘& ‘mVm-{nVm H$s ¶h ^mdZm ~m{bH$mAm| ‘|
hrZ-^mdZm H$m {dH$mg H$aVr h¡ Am¡a CZHo$ {dH$mg H$mo Adê$Õ H$aVr h¡,
{H$ÝVw ‘mVm-{nVm H$s ¶h ^«mpÝV ~mbH$ Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| XmoZm| H$m g‘w{MV
{dH$mg Zht H$a nmVr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ A{YH$ bm‹S>-߶ma nmH$a ~mbH$ A{YH$
CÚÊS> hmo OmVm h¡& ’«$m°~ob H$m ‘mZZm h¡ {H$-
~mbH$ ñd¶§ {dH$mgmoÝ‘wI hmoZo dmbm ‘mZd nm¡Ym h¡&
AV… ~mbH$m| Ho$ gdmªJrU {dH$mg Ho$ {bE ¶h Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ CZHo$
nmbZ-nmofU ‘| ¶m¡Z {d^oX Z {H$¶m Om¶o&
 n¥îR> 6
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
1.10 ~më¶mdñWm H$s {deofVmE±
¶Ú{n ~më¶mdñWm H$mo 6-12 dfm©¶w VH$ ‘mZm OmVm h¡& habm°H$ Zo Bgo 6 df©
go boH$a 12 df© VH$ Ho$ ~rM H$m g‘¶ ‘mZm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~më¶mdñWm
H$s à‘wI {deofVmAm| H$mo {ZåZm§{H$V {~ÝXþAm| Ûmam 춳V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ pñWaVm
~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| 6 ¶m 7 df© H$s Am¶w Ho$ ~mX
pñWaVm Am OmVr h¡& dh pñWaVm CgH$s emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m| H$mo
Ñ‹T>Vm àXmZ H$aVr h¡& ’$bñdê$n, CgH$m ‘pñVîH$ n[an³d-gm Am¡a dh ñd¶§
d¶ñH$-gm OmZ n‹S>Vm h¡, Bg{bE am°g Zo ~më¶mdñWm H$mo {‘϶m-n[an³dVm
H$m H$mb ~VmVo hþE {bIm h¡-
emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ pñWaVm ~më¶mdñWm H$s g~go ‘hÎdnyU© {deofVm h¡&
~më¶mdñWm Ho$ {dH$mg H$m ‘hÎd A˶{YH$ h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| {dH$mg
H$m Aܶ¶Z AZoH$ ‘hÎdnyU© V϶m| H$mo àH$Q> H$aVm h¡& H¡$ab Ho$ AZwgma-
~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg Am¡a CgHo$ gm‘mݶ ì¶dhma H$m gh-gå~ÝY BVZm
‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡ {H$ ¶{X h‘ g‘PZm Mmh| {H$ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ~mbH$m| ‘| ³¶m g‘mZVmE±
h¢, ³¶m {^ÝZVmE± h¢, Am¶w-d¥{Õ Ho$ gmW ì¶p³V ‘| ³¶m-³¶m n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢, Vmo h‘|
~mbH$m|$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZm hmoJm&
2. ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| ‘| d¥{Õ
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| ‘| {ZaÝVa d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡& CgH$s
g§doXZm Am¡a à˶jrH$aU H$s ep³V¶m| ‘| d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡& dh {d{^ÝZ ~mVm| Ho$
~mao ‘| VH©$ Am¡a {dMma H$aZo bJVm h¡& dh gmYmaU ~mVm| na A{YH$ Xoa VH$
AnZo ܶmZ H$mo Ho$pÝÐV H$a gH$Vm h¡& Cg‘| AnZo nyd©-AZw^dm| H$mo ñ‘aU
H$amZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡&
3. {Okmgm H$s à~bVm
~mbH$ H$s {Okmgm {deof ê$n go à~b hmoVr h¡& dh {OZ dñVwAm| Ho$ gånH©$ ‘|
AmVm h¡, CZHo$ ~mao ‘§o àíZ nyN>H$a ha Vah H$s OmZH$mar àmá H$aZm MmhVm
h¡& CgHo$ ¶o àíZ e¡edmdñWm Ho$ gmYmaU àíZm| go {^ÝZ hmoVo h¢& A~ dh {eew
Ho$ g‘mZ ¶h Zht nyN>Vm h¡- dh ³¶m h¡? BgHo$ {dnarV, dh nyN>Vm h¡- ¶h
Eogo ³¶m| h¡? ¶h Eogo H¡$go hþAm h¡?
4. dmñV{dH$ OJV² go gå~ÝY
Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ e¡edmdñWm Ho$ H$mën{ZH$ OJV² H$m n[a˶mJ H$aHo$
dmñV{dH$ OJV² ‘| àdoe H$aVm h¡& dh CgH$s à˶oH$ dñVw go AmH${f©V hmoH$a
CgH$m kmZ àmá H$aZm MmhVm h¡& ñQ>´¢J Ho$ eãXm| ‘o§ -
~mbH$ AnZo H$mo A{V {demb g§gma ‘| nmVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ ~mao ‘| OëXr go OëXr
OmZH$mar àmá H$aZm MmhVm h¡&
5. aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶moª ‘| AmZÝX
~mbH$ H$mo aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶moª ‘| {deof AmZÝX AmVm h¡& dh gmYmaUV… Ka go
~mha {H$gr àH$ma H$m H$m¶© H$aZm MmhVm h¡, O¡go-~JrMo ‘| H$m‘ H$aZm ¶m
Am¡Omam| go bH$‹S>r H$s dñVwE± ~ZmZm& CgHo$ {dnarV, ~m{bH$m Ka ‘| hr H$moB©-
Z-H$moB© H$m¶© H$aZm MmhVr h¡, O¡go-grZm, {namoZm ¶m H$‹T>mB© H$aZm&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
~mb {dH$mg àJʶ
6. gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg
~mbH$, {dÚmb¶ Ho$ N>mÌm| Am¡a AnZo g‘yh Ho$ gXñ¶m| Ho$ gmW n¶m©á g‘¶
ì¶VrV H$aVm h¡& AV… Cg‘| AZoH$ gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& O¡go-
gh¶moJ, gX^mdZm, ghZerbVm, AmkmH$m[aVm Am{X&
7. Z¡{VH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg
Bg AdñWm Ho$ Amaå^ ‘| hr ~mbH$ ‘| Z¡{VH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg hmoZo bJVm h¡&
ñQ>´¢J Ho$ ‘VmZwgma-
6, 7 Am¡a 8> df© Ho$ ~mbH$m| ‘| AÀN>o-~wao Ho$ kmZ H$m Ed§ ݶm¶nyU© ì¶dhma,
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B©‘mZXmar Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ ‘yë¶m| H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg hmoZo bJVm h¡&
8. ~{h‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd H$m {dH$mg
e¡edmdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ H$m ì¶p³VËd AÝV‘w©Ir hmoVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ dh EH$mÝV{à¶
Am¡a Ho$db AnZo ‘| ê${M boZo dmbm hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV, ~më¶mdñWm ‘|
CgH$m ì¶p³VËd ~{h‘w©Ir hmo OmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ~mø OJV² ‘| CgH$s ê${M
CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡& AV… dh Aݶ ì¶p³V¶m|, dñVwAm| Am¡a H$m¶moª H$m A{YH$
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go A{YH$ n[aM¶ àmá H$aZm MmhVm h¡&
9. g§doJm| H$m X‘Z d àXe©Z
~mbH$ AnZo g§doJm| na A{YH$ma aIZm Ed§ AÀN>r Am¡a ~war ^mdZmAm| ‘| AÝVa
H$aZm OmZ OmVm h¡& dh CZ ^mdZmAm| H$m X‘Z H$aVm h¡, {OZH$mo CgHo$
‘mVm-{nVm Am¡a ~‹S>o bmoJ ngÝX Zht H$aVo h¢, O¡go- H$m‘ gå~ÝYr ^mdZmE±&
10. g§J«h H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| ‘| g§J«h H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm ~hþV Á¶mXm
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nm¶r OmVr h¡& ~mbH$ {deof ê$n go H$m±M H$s Jmo{b¶m|, {Q>H$Q>m|, ‘erZm| Ho$ ^mJm|
Am¡a nËWa Ho$ Qw>H$‹S>m| H$m g§M¶ H$aVo h¢& ~m{bH$mAm| ‘| {MÌm|, {Ibm¡Zm| Am¡a
H$n‹S>m| Ho$ Qw>H$‹S>m| H$m g§J«h H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm nmB© OmVr h¡&
11. {Zê$Ôoí¶ ^«‘U H$s àd¥{Îm
~mbH$ ‘| {~Zm {H$gr CÔoí¶ Ho$ BYa-CYa Ky‘Zo H$s àd¥{Îm ~hþV A{YH$ hmoVr
h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ~Q>© Zo AnZo Aܶ¶Zm| Ho$ AmYma na ~Vm¶m h¡ {H$ bJ^J
9 df© Ho$ ~mbH$m| ‘| Amdmam Ky‘Zo, {~Zm Nw>År {bE {dÚmb¶ go ^mJZo Am¡a
Ambñ¶nyU© OrdZ ì¶VrV H$aZo H$s AmXV| gm‘mݶ ê$n go nmB© OmVr h¡&
12. H$m‘-àd¥{Îm H$s ݶyZVm
~mbH$ ‘| H$m‘-àd¥{Îm H$s ݶyZVm hmoVr h¡& dh AnZm A{YH$m§e g‘¶ {‘bZo-
OwbZo, IobZo-Hy$XZo Am¡a n‹T>Zo-{bIZo ‘| ì¶VrV H$aVm h¡& AV… dh ~hþV hr
H$‘ Adgam| na AnZr H$m‘-àd¥{Îm H$m àXe©Z H$a nmVm h¡&
13. gm‘y{hH$ àd¥{Îm H$s à~bVm
~mbH$ ‘| gm‘y{hH$ àd¥{Îm ~hþV à~b hmoVr h¡& dh AnZm A{YH$ go A{YH$
g‘¶ Xÿgao ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW ì¶VrV H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡¡& am°g Ho$
AZwgma-
~mbH$ àm¶… A{Zdm¶© ê$n go {H$gr Z {H$gr g‘yh H$m gXñ¶ hmo OmVm h¡, Omo
AÀN>o Iob IobZo Am¡a Eogo H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ {bE {Z¶{‘V ê$n go EH$Ì hmoVm h¡, {OZHo$
~mao ‘| ~‹S>r Am¶w Ho$ bmoJm| H$mo Hw$N> ^r Zht ~Vm¶m OmVm h¡&
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¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
14. gm‘y{hH$ Iobm| ‘| ê${M
~mbH$ H$mo gm‘y{hH$ Iobm| ‘| A˶{YH$ ê${M hmoVr h¡& dh 6 ¶m 7 df© H$s Am¶w
‘| N>moQ>o g‘yhm| ‘| Am¡a H$m’$s g‘¶ VH$ IobVm h¡& Iob Ho$ g‘¶ ~m{bH$mAm|
H$s Anojm ~mbH$m| ‘| PJ‹S>o A{YH$ hmoVo h¢& 11 ¶m 12 df© H$s Am¶w ‘| ~mbH$
Xbr¶ Iobm| ‘| ^mJ boZo bJVm h¡& ñQ>´¢J H$m {dMma h¡-
Eogm em¶X hr H$moB© Iob hmo, {Ogo Xg df© Ho$ ~mbH$ Z IobVo hm|&
15. ê${M¶m| ‘| n[adV©Z
~mbH$ H$s ê${M¶m| ‘| {ZaÝVa n[adV©Z hmoVm ahVm h¡& do ñWm¶r ê$n YmaU Z
H$aHo$ dmVmdaU ‘| n[adV©Z Ho$ gmW n[ad{V©V hmoVr ahVr h¢& H$mob Ed§ ~«yg
Zo {bIm h¡-
6 go 12 df© H$s Ad{Y H$s EH$ Anyd© {deofVm h¡-‘mZ{gH$ ê${M¶m| ‘| ñnîQ>
n[adV©Z&
1.11 ~më¶mdñWm ‘| {ejm H$m ñdê$n
~më¶H$mb ~mbH$ Ho$ OrdZ H$s AmYma{ebm h¡& AV… ¶h Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$
~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ g^r njm§o H$s {deofVmAm| H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIVo hþ¶o {ejm
H$m ñdê$n {ZYm©[aV {H$¶m Om¶o& AV… CgH$s {ejm Ho$ ñdê$n H$mo {ZYm©[aV
H$aVo g‘¶ {ZåZ ~mVm| na ܶmZ XoZm Mm{hE-
1. ^mfm Ho$ kmZ na ~b
ñQ>´¢J Ho$ AZwgma Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| H$s ^mfm ‘| ~hþV ê${M hmoVr h¡& AV…
Bg ~mV na ~b {X¶m OmZm Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ ~mbH$, ^mfm H$m A{YH$-go-
A{YH$ kmZ àmá H$ao&
2. Cn¶w³V {df¶m| H$m MwZmd
~mbH$ Ho$ {bE Hw$N> Eogo {df¶m| H$m Aܶ¶Z Amdí¶H$ h¡, Omo CgH$s
Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© H$a gH|$ Am¡a CgHo$ {bE bm^àX ^r hm|& Bg {dMma go
{ZåZ{b{IV {df¶m| H$m MwZmd {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE-^mfm, A§H$J{UV, {dkmZ,
gm‘m{OH$ Aܶ¶Z, {MÌH$bm, gwboI, nÌ-boIZ Am¡a {Z~ÝY-aMZm&
3. amoMH$ {df¶-gm‘J«r
~mbH$m| H$s ê${M¶m| ‘| {d{^ÝZVm Am¡a n[adV©ZerbVm hmoVr h¡, AV… CgH$s
nwñVH$m| H$s {df¶-gm‘J«r ‘| amoMH$Vm Am¡a {d{^ÝZVm hmoZr Mm{hE& Bg
ÑpîQ>H$moU go {df¶-gm‘J«r H$m gå~ÝY {ZåZ{b[IV go hmoZm Mm{hE-new,
hmñ¶, {dZmoX, ZmQ>H$, dmVm©bmn, dra nwê$f, gmhgr H$m¶© Am¡a AmíM¶©OZH$
~mV|&
4. nmR²>¶-{df¶ d {ejU-{d{Y ‘| n[adV©Z
Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ H$s ê${M¶m| ‘| {ZaÝVa n[adV©Z hmoVm ahVm h¡& AV…
nmR²>¶-{df¶ Am¡a {ejU-{d{Y ‘| CgH$s ê${M¶m| Ho$ AZwgma n[adV©Z {H$¶m
OmZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& Eogm Z H$aZo go Cg‘| {ejm Ho$ à{V H$moB© AmH$f©U Zht ah
OmVm h¡& ’$bñdê$n, CgH$s ‘mZ{gH$ àJ{V ê$H$ OmVr h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg n¥îR> 7
5. {Okmgm H$s gÝVwpîQ>
~mbH$ ‘| {Okmgm H$s àd¥{Îm hmoVr h¡& AV… Cgo Xr OmZo dmbr {ejm H$m ñdê$n
Eogm hmoZm Mm{hE, {Oggo CgH$s Bg àd¥{Îm H$s VwpîQ> hmo&
6. gm‘y{hH$ àd¥{Îm H$s VwpîQ>
~mbH$ ‘| g‘yh ‘| ahZo H$s à~b àd¥{Îm hmoVr h¡& dh Aݶ ~mbH$m| go {‘bZm-
OwbZm Am¡a CZHo$ gmW H$m¶© H$aZm ¶m IobZm MmhVm h¡& Cgo BZ g~ ~mVm|
H$m Adga XoZo Ho$ {bE {dÚmb¶ ‘| gm‘y{hH$ H$m¶moª Am¡a gm‘y{hH$ Iobm| H$m
C{MV Am¶moOZ {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE& H$mobog{ZH$ Ho$ AZwgma-
gm‘y{hH$ Iob Am¡a emar[aH$ ì¶m¶m‘-àmW{‘H$ {dÚmb¶ Ho$ nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ho$ A{^ÝZ
A§J hmoZo Mm{hE&
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7. aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶moª H$s ì¶dñWm
~mbH$ H$s aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶moª ‘| {deof ê${M hmoVr h¡& AV… {dÚmb¶ ‘| {d{^ÝZ
àH$ma Ho$ aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶moª H$s ì¶dñWm H$s OmZr Mm{hE&
8. nmR²>¶H«$‘-ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| H$s ì¶dñWm
~mbH$ H$s {d{^ÝZ ‘mZ{gH$ ê${M¶m| H$mo gÝVwîQ> H$aHo$ CgH$s gwá ep³V¶m|
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H$m A{YH$V‘ {dH$mg {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Bg H$m¶© ‘| g’$bVm àmá H$aZo Ho$
{bE {dÚmb¶ ‘§o A{YH$-go-A{YH$ nmR²>¶H«$‘-ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| H$m g§MmbZ
{H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
9. n¶©Q>Z d ñH$mCqQ>J H$s ì¶dñWm
bJ^J 9 df© H$s Am¶w ‘§o ~mbH$ ‘| {Zê$Ôoí¶ BYa-CYa Ky‘Zo H$s àd¥{Îm hmoVr
h¡& CgH$s Bg àd¥{Îm H$mo gÝVwîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE n¶©Q>Z Am¡a ñH$mCqQ>J H$mo
CgH$s {ejm H$m A{^ÝZ A§J ~Zm¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
10. g§M¶-àd¥{Îm H$mo àmoËgmhZ
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~mbH$ ‘| g§M¶ H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm hmoVr h¡& Cgo Omo ^r dñVw AÀN>r bJVr h¡,
Cgr H$m dh g§M¶ H$a boVm h¡& CgHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm Am¡a {ejH$ H$m H$Îm©ì¶ h¡
{H$ do Cgo {ejmàX dñVwAm| H$m g§M¶ H$aZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$a|&
11. g§doJm| Ho$ àXe©Z H$m Adga
H$mob Ed§ ~«yg Zo ~më¶mdñWm H$mo g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$m AZmoIm H$mb ‘mZm
h¡& ¶h {dH$mg V^r gå^d h¡, O~ ~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJm| H$m X‘Z Z {H$¶m Om¶,
³¶m|{H$ Eogm H$aZo go Cg‘| ^mdZm-J«pÝW¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U hmo OmVm h¡& AV… ñQ>´¢J
H$m nam‘e© h¡-
~mbH$m| H$mo gm‘m{OH$ ñdrH¥${V-àmá AnZo g§doJm| H$m X‘Z H$aZo Ho$ ~Om¶ V¥á
H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm Xr OmZr Mm{hE, ³¶m|{H$ g§doJmË‘H$ ^mdZm Am¡a àXe©Z CZHo$ gånyU©
OrdZ H$m AmYma hmoVm h¡&
12. gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg
{H$bn¡{Q>´H$ Zo ~më¶mdñWm H$mo à{VÛÝÛmË‘H$ g‘mOrH$aU H$m H$mb ‘mZm
h¡& AV… {dÚmb¶ ‘| Eogr {H«$¶mAm| H$m A{Zdm¶© ê$n go g§JR>Z {H$¶m OmZm
Mm{hE, {OZ‘| ^mJ boH$a ~mbH$ ‘| AZwemgZ, AmË‘-{Z¶ÝÌU, ghmZw^y{V,
à{VñnYm©, gh¶moJ Am{X gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m A{YH$V‘ {dH$mg hmo&
 n¥îR> 8 ~mb {dH$mg àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
13. Z¡{VH$ {ejm
{n¶mOo Zo AnZo Aܶ¶Zm| Ho$ AmYma na ~Vm¶m h¡ {H$ bJ^J 8 df© H$m ~mbH$
Aä¶mgmW© àíZ
AnZo Z¡{VH$ ‘yë¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U Am¡a g‘mO Ho$ Z¡{VH$ {Z¶‘m| ‘| {dídmg H$aZo
bJVm h¡& Cgo BZ ‘yë¶m| H$m C{MV {Z‘m©U Am¡a BZ {Z¶‘m| ‘| Ñ‹T> {dídmg
aIZo Ho$ {bE {Z¶{‘V ê$n go Z¡{VH$ {ejm Xr OmZr Mm{hE& H$mobog{ZH$ H$m 1. ~mb {dH$mg H$m AW© h¡-
‘V h¡- ~mbH$ H$mo AmZÝX àXmZ H$aZo dmbr gab H$hm{Z¶m| Ûmam Z¡{VH$ {ejm (1) ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
Xr OmZr Mm{hE& (2) ~mbH$ H$m JwUmË‘H$ d n[a‘mUmË‘H$ n[adV©Z h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
(3) ~mbH$ H$m JwUmË‘H$ {dH$mg àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
14. {H«$¶m d Iob Ûmam {ejm (4) ì¶p³VËd ‘| n[adV©Z
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na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
g^r {ejm-emñÌr ~mbH$ H$s ñdm^m{dH$ {H«$¶merbVm Am¡a Iob-àd¥{Îm ‘| S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&

{dídmg H$aVo h¢& AV… CgH$s {ejm H$m ñdê$n Eogm hmoZm Mm{hE, {Oggo dh 2. ~mb {dH$mg H$s àH¥${V H¡$gr ‘mZr OmVr h¡?
ñd¶§-{H«$¶m Am¡a Iob Ûmam kmZ H$m AO©Z H$ao& (1) {dkmZ‘¶r (2) AàmH¥${VH$
(3) A{ZpíMV (4) Ad¡km{ZH$
15. ào‘ d ghmZw^y{V na AmYm[aV {ejm
~mbH$ H$R>moa AZwemgZ ngÝX Zht H$aVm h¡& dh emar[aH$ XÊS>, ~b-à¶moJ 3. ~mb Aܶ¶Z H$m {nVm H$m¡Z h¡?
Am¡a S>m±Q>-S>nQ> go K¥Um H$aVm h¡& dh CnXoe Zht gwZZm MmhVm h¡& dh (1) ’«$m¶S> (2) S´>oda
Y‘{H$¶m| H$s {MÝVm Zht H$aVm h¡& AV… CgH$s {ejm BZ‘| go {H$gr na www.praganya.org (3) ñQ>oZbo hm°b (4) S>m{d©Z
AmYm[aV Z hmoH$a ào‘ Am¡a ghmZw^y{V na AmYm[aV hmoZr Mm{hE&
’«$m¶S> Am¡a CgHo$ AZw¶m{¶¶m| Zo ~më¶mdñWm H$mo ~mbH$ H$m {Z‘m©UH$mar 4. ~mb {dH$mg H$s Cn¶mo{JVm h¡-
H$mb ‘mZH$a Bg AdñWm H$mo A˶{YH$ ‘hÎd {X¶m h¡& CZH$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ (1) ~mb {ZX}eZ ‘| (2) ~mbH$m| Ho$ ñd^md H$mo g‘PZo ‘|
Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ {OZ d¡¶p³VH$, gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a {ejm-gå~ÝYr AmXVm| (3) ~mbH$m| Ho$ {ejU ‘| (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
Ed§ ì¶dhma Ho$ à{V‘mZm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$a boVm h¡, CZH$mo ê$nmÝV[aV H$aZm ~hþV 5. nyd© ~më¶mdñWm H$s {deofVm ³¶m h¡?
H${R>Z hmo OmVm h¡& Bg ÑpîQ> go àmW{‘H$ {ejm àXmZ H$aZo dmbo {ejH$m| na (1) {Okmgm (2) [Ibm¡Zm| ‘| é{M
~mbH$m| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo H$m ‘hmZ² CÎmaXm{¶Ëd h¡& bJ^J Eogo hr {dMmam| H$mo (3) ZdrZ nÕ{V¶m± (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
춳V H$aVo hþE ãbo¶a, OmoÝg VWm {gångZ Zo {bIm h¡-
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e¡{jH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU go OrdZ-MH«$ ‘| ~më¶mdñWm go A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© Am¡a H$moB© 6. CÎma ~më¶mdñWm H$s {deofVm h¡-
AdñWm Zht h¡& Omo AܶmnH$ Bg AdñWm Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$mo [ejm XoVo h¢, CÝh| ~mbH$m| (1) AmË‘{Z^©a hmoZm (2) {‘Ì ‘ÊS>br ¶m g‘yh {Z‘m©U
H$m, CZH$s AmYma^yV Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$m, CZH$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m Am¡a CZ n[apñW{V¶m| (3) ñdVÝÌ hmoZm (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
H$m nyd© kmZ hmoZm Mm{hE, Omo CZHo$ ì¶dhma H$mo ê$nmÝV[aV Am¡a n[ad{V©V H$aVr h¢&
7. ~mb {dH$mg H$~ gånÝZ hmoVm h¡?
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$, ~më¶mdñWm H$mo e¡{jH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU go {deof ‘hÎd XoVo (1) ~më¶mdñWm ‘| (2) e¡edmdñWm ‘|
h¢& Bg AdñWm ‘| {ejm H$m ¶WmW©dmXr ñdê$n, Omo CZH$s Amdí¶H$Vm, àH¥${V (3) OrdZn¶©ÝV MbVm h¡& (4) {H$emoamdñWm ‘|
VWm ‘yb àd¥{Îm¶m| Ho$ emoYZ na AmYm[aV hmo, dh ~mbH$m| Ho$ ‘yb^yV JwUm| H$mo
{dH${gV H$aZo VWm CÝh| ñdñW, gOJ ZmJ[aH$ ~ZmZo H$s {Xem ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© 8. ~mb {dH$mg H$mo {H$VZo ^mJm| ‘§o ~m±Q>m J¶m h¡-
^y{‘H$m H$m {Zdm©h H$aVm h¡& (1) 2 (2) 5
(3) 4 (4) 3
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àJʶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ à˶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET, MP Samvida, 9. e¡{jH$ ÑpîQ> go ~mb$ {dH$mg H$s AdñWmE± h¢-
BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET, HPTET) Ho$ {bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s (1) {H$emoamdñWm (2) ~më¶mdñWm
’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡& ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV (3) e¡edmdñWm (4) Cnamo³V VrZm|
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 àJʶ ~mb {dH$mg n¥îR> 9
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
11. ~mb {dH$mg ‘|- 20. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {dH$mgmË‘H$ H$m¶© CÎma ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ Cn¶w³V
(1) J^m©dñWm go {H$emoamdñWm VH$ H$m Aܶ¶Z hmoVm h¡& Zht h¡?
(2) à{H«$¶m na ~b {X¶m J¶m h¡& (1) gm‘mݶ Iob Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ emar[aH$ Hw$ebVmE± grIZm
(3) dmVmdaU Am¡a AZw^d H$s ^y{‘H$m na ~b {X¶m J¶m h¡& (2) nwê$fmo{MV ¶m pñ̶mo{MV gm‘m{OH$ ^y{‘H$mAm| H$mo àmßV H$aZm
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r na (3) d¡¶p³VH$ AmË‘{Z^©aVm àmßV H$aZm
(4) AnZo h‘C‘« ~mbH$mo§ Ho$ gmW ahZm grIZm
12. ~mb {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z joÌ h¡-
(1) d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z 21. ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ Aܶ¶Z ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$Z ~mVm| H$mo em{‘b
(2) ~mb {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡?
(3) dmVmdaU Ho$ ~mb {dH$mg na n‹S>Zo dmbo à^mdm| H$m Aܶ¶Z 1. Am¶w Ho$ gmW hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$m ³¶m ñdê$n hmoVm h¡?
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r 2. ~mbH$ ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$m {deof Am¶w Ho$ gmW ³¶m gå~ÝY hmoVm

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h¡?
13. {dH$mg ewê$ hmoVm h¡- 3. ~mbH$m| ‘| nmB© OmZo dmbr ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ {bE {H$g àH$ma Ho$
(1) CÎma-~më¶mdñWm go (2) àgdnyd© AdñWm go AmZwd§{eH$ Ed§ n[adoeOݶ à^md CÎmaXm¶r hmoVo h¢?
(3) e¡edmdñWm go (4) nyd©-~më¶mdñWm go (1) 1 Ed§ 2
14. {dH$mgmË‘H$ ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m OZH$ {H$go ‘mZm OmVm h¡? (2) 2 Ed§ 3
(1) ’«$m¶S> H$mo (2) ~«yZa H$mo (3) 1 Ed§ 3
(3) OrZ {n¶mOo H$mo (4) Ho$br H$mo (4) ¶o g^r
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15. {Ibm¡Zm| H$s Am¶w H$hm OmVm h¡- 22. {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ........... OrdZ‘yë¶m|, ì¶p³VËd, ì¶dhma
(1) nyd© ~më¶mdñWm H$mo (2) CÎma ~më¶mdñWm H$mo B˶m{X H$m {dH$mg ^r em{‘b h¡&
(3) e¡edmdñWm H$mo (4) BZ‘| go g^r 1 ÑpîQ>H$moUmo§ 2. ñd^md
3. ê${M¶m| 4. AmXVm|
16. ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ AZwgma {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| ‘w»¶ ñWmZ h¡- (1) 1 Ed§ 2 (2) 1,2 Ed§ 3
(1) ~mbH$ H$m (2) àemgH$ H$m (3) 2,3 Ed§ 4 (4) ¶o g^r
(3) AܶmnH$ H$m (4) A{^^mdH$ H$m
23. {ejm ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| ........... ‘| hmoZo dmbo ‘mZd {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z
17. e¡edmdñWm ‘| {eew hmoVm h¡- {H$¶m OmVm h¡¡&
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(1) gm‘m{OH$ 1. e¡edmdñWm 2. ~më¶mdñWm

(2) AmË‘Ho$pÝÐV 3. {H$emoamdñWm 4. d¶ñH$mdñWm
(3) g§doJmË‘H$ ÑpîQ> go Ñ‹T> (1) 1 Ed§ 2 (2) 1,2 Ed§ 3
(4) g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go ApñWa (3) 1 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r

18. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgr nyd© ~më¶mdñWm H$s {deofVm Zht h¡? 24. 6-11 df© Ho$ Am¶w dJ© Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$s {deofVm h¢-
(1) Xb/g‘yh ‘| ahZo H$s AdñWm (1) ~mbH$ ñdm^m{dH$ Ed§ g{H«$¶ A{YJ‘H$Vm© hmoVo h¢&
(2) AZwH$aU H$aZo H$s AdñWm (2) grIZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$m| na {Z^©a hmoVo h¢&
(3) àíZ H$aZo H$s AdñWm (3) ~mbH$, {ejH$m| go kmZ àmßV H$aVo h¢&
(4) IobZo H$s AdñWm (4) ~mbH$ grIZo ‘| ê${M Zht aIVo h¢&

19. CÎma ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ^m¡{VH$ dñVwAm| Ho$ {H$g Amdí¶H$ VÎd 25. 6 ¶m 7 df© H$m ~mbH$ Xÿgam| Ho$ {dMmam| H$mo ñdrH$ma H$aZo Ho$ ¶mo½¶
‘| n[adV©Z g‘PZo bJVo h¢? Zht hmoVm-
(1) Ð춑mZ (1) ³¶m|{H$ dh ~hþV N>moQ>m hmoVm h¡&
(2) Ð춑mZ Am¡a g§»¶m (2) ³¶m|{H$ dh Ah‘² Ho$pÝÐV hmoVm h¡&
(3) g§»¶m (3) ³¶m|{H$ dh H$ënZmerb hmoVm h¡&
(4) Ð춑mZ, g§»¶m Am¡a joÌ (4) ³¶m|{H$ dh ~w{Õ‘mZ Zht hmoVm h¡&
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
(4) (4) (2) (3) (1) (1) (2) (3) (4) (2) (4) (4) (2) (1) (2)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
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¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
26. {ZåZ ‘| go {H$gH$s ^y{‘H$m nyd© ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ 36. ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| H$mo gmh{gH$ ¶mÌmAm| H$s amo‘m§MH$mar H$hm{Z¶m±
{dH$mg hoVw gdm©{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡? gwZmZo g| CZ‘|-
(1) AܶmnH$m| H$s (2) g§Jr-gm{W¶m| H$s (1) Amkm Ed§ AZwemgZ Ho$ JwU CËnÝZ hmoVo h¢&
(3) n‹S>mo{g¶m| H$s (4) ‘mVm-{nVm H$s (2) ^¶ Ho$ g§doJ g‘mßV hmoVo h¢& ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
(3) CËgmh H$m g§Mma hmoVm h¡& nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV²
27. A{YH$m§e {dÛmZm| Ho$ AZwgma ~më¶mdñWm H$s Ad{Y h¡- (4) AmZÝX H$s ^mdZm {dH${gV hmoVr h¡& g§ e mo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm
(1) 5 go 10 df© (2) 6 go 12 df© h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg
(3) 4 go 10 df© (4) 2 go 8 df© 37. ~më¶mdñWm H$s EH$ à‘wI {deofVm h¡- nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s
(1) A{YJ‘ H$s Vrd«Vm PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>

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28. H$m°b d ~«yg Zo ~më¶mdñWm H$mo ‘mZm h¡- www.praganya.org
(2) AnojmH¥$V pñWa {dH$mg à{H«$¶m
(1) g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ H$mb go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
(3) ¶WmW©dmXr X¥pîQ>H$moU
(2) AZmoIm H$mb
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(3) {‘϶m n[an³dVm H$mb
(4) {Okmgm H$mb 38. {ejH$ ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ kmZ Ûmam ~mbH$m| H$s-
1. ~w{Õ VWm ê${M¶m| H$s OmZH$mar boH$a {ejm XoVm h¡&
29. ~më¶mdñWm H$mo {‘϶m n[an³dVm H$mb H$hm h¡-
2. àH¥${V H$mo OmZH$a {ejm XoVm h¡&
(1) am°g Zo (2) H$m°b d ~«yg Zo
(3) EZm ’«$m¶S> Zo (4) H«$mo Ed§> H«$mo Zo
www.praganya.org 3. Am{W©H$ pñW{V VWm nm[adm[aH$ pñW{V H$s OmZH$mar boH$a {ejm XoVm h¡&
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 3
30. ~më¶mdñWm ‘| nm¶r OmZo dmbr àd¥[Îm/àd¥{Îm¶m± h¡/h¢- (3) 2 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r
(1) {Zê$Ôoí¶ ^«‘U H$s àd¥{Îm
(2) {Okmgm H$s à~bVm 39. ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m Aܶ¶Z {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gHo$ {bE gdm©{YH$
(3) aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶m] ‘| AmZÝX boZm Amdí¶H$ h¡?
(4) Cnamo³V g^r (1) ‘mܶ{‘H$ {ejH$ Ho$ {bE
(2) {díd{dÚmb¶ Ho$ {ejH$ Ho$ {bE
31. g‘yh AdñWm ¶m MwñVr H$s AdñWm ^r H$hVo h¢- (3) àmW{‘H$ {ejH$ Ho$ {bE
(1) e¡edmdñWm H$mo (2) ~më¶mdñWm H$mo
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(4) Cnamo³V g^r Ho$ {bE

(3) àm¡‹T>mdñWm H$mo (4) {H$emoamdñWm H$mo
40. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$go ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s Cn¶mo{JVm Ho$ AÝVJ©V
32. ~më¶mdñWm H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡? Zht aIm Om gH$Vm h¡?
(1) Q>mobr Am¶w (2) OrdZ H$m AZmoIm H$mb (1) ~mbH$ Ho$ ^{dî¶ Ho$ ~mao ‘| nyd©H$WZ ‘| ghm¶H$
(3) ~³H$s AdñWm (4) Cnamo³V g^r (2) ~mb {ZX}eZ ‘| ghm¶H$
33. n[an³d ~më¶mdñWm {H$go H$hVo h¢? (3) {ejH$ H$s Am{W©H$ àJ{V ‘| ghm¶H$
(1) 6 go 9 df© (2) 7 go 10 df© (4) ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶p³VJV {dH$mg H$mo g‘PZo ‘| Cn¶moJr
(3) 8 go 11 df© (4) 9 go 12 df©
41. àmW{‘H$ {ejU Ho$ {bE ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m kmZ Amdí¶H$ h¡,
34. ~më¶mdñWm ‘| H$m¡Zgr ‘ybàd¥{Îm g~go A{YH$ {H«$¶merb ahVr h¡? ³¶m|{H$-
(1) H$m‘ (2) {Okmgm (1) ¶h ~ÀMm| H$mo AZwem{gV ~ZmZo ‘| ghm¶H$ h¡&
(3) aMZmË‘H$Vm (4) gm‘y{hH$Vm (2) narjm Ho$ n[aUm‘ ‘| CÝZ{V hmoVr h¡&
(3) ¶h ~ÀMm| H$mo A{^ào[aV H$aZo Ho$ {bE gw{dYmOZH$ VarH$m ~Z OmVm h¡&
35. ~më¶mdñWm ‘| n[anmH$ H$mb H$s {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgr Ad{Y h¡? (4) ¶h ~ÀMm| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo g‘PZo ‘| {ejH$ H$s ghm¶Vm H$aVm h¡&
(1) 12 go boH$a 14 df©
(2) 14 go boH$a 16 df© 42. ~më¶mdñWm ‘| {dH$mg H$mo N>X²‘ n[an³dVm H$m g‘¶ {H$gZo H$hm h¡?
(3) 10 go boH$a 12 df© (1) am°g Zo (2) Ooåg Q´>oda Zo
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) OrZ {n¶mOo Zo (4) EZ.Ama.^m{Q>¶m Zo
26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.
(4) (2) (2) (1) (4) (2) (4) (4) (4) (3) (3) (4) (4) (3) (3) (4) (1)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
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¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
43. àmW{‘H$ H$jm Ho$ {ejH$ Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gH$m kmZ 52. ~mb {dH$mg H$s n[a^mfm H$m Aܶ¶Z joÌ h¡-
hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡? (1) ~ÀMm| H$s d¶ñH$ VWm d[aîR> ZmJ[aH$m| Ho$ gmW VwbZm H$aoJm&
(1) ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ (2) {ejm-Xe©Z (2) ‘mZdr¶ gm‘϶m] ‘| n[adV©Z H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aVm h¡&
(3) ñdmñ϶ {dkmZ (4) gm‘m{OH$ {dkmZ (3) OrdZ Ad{Y Ho$ Xm¡amZ ì¶dhma H$s ì¶m»¶m Ty>±T>oJm&
44. ~mbH$m| Ho$ ñd^md H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$m| H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go (4) {H$gr ~ÀMo Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$, gm‘m{OH$ VWm Xÿgao gm‘϶m] Ho$ H«${‘H$
{H$gH$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZm Mm{hE? {dH$mg Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm¶r ahoJm&
(1) gm‘m{OH$ {dkmZ (2) àmH¥${VH$ {dkmZ
(3) ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ (4) ^yJmob 53. ~më¶mdñWm H$mo à{VÛÝÛmË‘H$ g‘mOrH$aU H$s AdñWm {H$gZo H$hm h¡?
(1) ’«$m°~ob Zo (2) ñQ>oZbo hm°b Zo
45. {ejH$ Ho$ {bE ‘Zmo{dkmZ/~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m kmZ ³¶m| Oê$ar h¡? (3) OaerëS> Zo (4) {H$bn¡{Q´>H$ Zo
(1) Bg‘| ~ÀMm| H$s AmYma^yV {deofVmAm| H$mo OmZZo H$m Adga {‘bVm h¡&

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(2) {ejU ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {Z¶‘m| Ho$ AZwHy$b hmoVm h¡& 54. ~mb {dH$mg H$s gånyU© Ad{Y ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s J{V gdm©{YH$
(3) AmYw{ZH$ {ejm àUmbr H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& Vrd« {H$g AdñWm ‘| hmoVr h¡?
(4) {ejU g’$b hmoVm h¡& (1) e¡edmdñWm ‘| (2) {H$emoamdñWm ‘|
46. ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ {H$gHo$ ì¶dhma H$m d¡km{ZH$ Aܶ¶Z h¡? (3) ~më¶mdñWm ‘| (4) àm¡‹T>mdñWm ‘|
(1) ~mbH$ (2) {ejH$
(3) {H$emoa (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht 55. OrZ {n¶mOo H$m ~mb {dH$mg dJuH$aU {H$g {gÕmÝV na AmYm[aV h¡?
(1) ‘Zmo gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV
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47. ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ EH$ d¡km{ZH$ Aܶ¶Z h¡, {Og‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ OÝ‘ (2) Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV
nyd© H$mb go boH$a {H$emoamdñWm VH$ H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ¶h (3) ‘Zmob¢{JH$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV
H$WZ h¡- (4) g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV
(1) habm°H$ H$m (2) Wm°‘gZ H$m
(3) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo H$m (4) am°g H$m 56. ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ e¡{jH$ {Z{hVmW© go gå~pÝYV Zht h¡-
(1) {dÚmb¶ Ho$ ~mJ H$s XoI^mb H$aZm
48. Biographical Sketch of a infant Zm‘H$ nwñVH$ H$m àH$meZ (2) {dÚmb¶ VWm g‘wXm¶ H$mo Omo‹S>Zm
{H$gZo {H$¶m? (3) àmV…H$mbrZ {dÚmb¶r g^mAm| H$mo gå~mo{YV H$aZm
(1) S>m{d©Z Zo (2) ßboQ>mo Zo
(4) {nN>‹S>o Am¡a JÝXo joÌm| ‘| bmoJm| H$s godm Ho$ {bE Z OmZm
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(3) ê$gmo Zo (4) {d{b¶‘ {hbr Zo

49. àW‘ ~mb {ZX}eZ Ho$ÝÐ {H$gHo$ Ûmam Imobm J¶m? 57. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ~mb {dH$mg ‘| dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr H$maH$m|
(1) ßboQ>mo (2) {d{b¶‘ {hbr H$mo hr ‘hÎd XoVm h¡?
(3) S>m{d©Z (4) ê$gmo (1) nañna gå~ÝY H$m {gÕmÝV
(2) gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV
50. ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ dh d¡km{ZH$ Aܶ¶Z h¡, Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ {dH$mg H$m (3) {dH$mg H«$‘ H$s EH$ê$nVm H$m {gÕmÝV
Aܶ¶Z J^©H$mb Ho$ àmaå^ go {H$emoamdñWm H$s àmaå^mdñWm VH$ (4) {ZaÝVaVm H$m {gÕmÝV
H$aVm h¡& ¶h n[a^mfm {H$gZo Xr?
(1) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Zo (2) dH©$ Zo 58. EH$ ~mbH$ nhbo nyao hmW H$mo, {’$a A§Jw{b¶m| H$mo Am¡a {’$a hmW Am¡a
(3) Ooåg S´>oda Zo (4) AmaO|H$ Zo A§Jw{b¶m| H$mo EH$ gmW MbmZm grIVm h¡& ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
51. ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ, ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s dh emIm h¡, {Og‘| OÝ‘ go ¶h {gÕmÝV H$hbmVm h¡-
n[an³d AdñWm VH$ {dH${gV hmo aho ‘mZd H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm (1) gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV (2) nañna gå~ÝY H$m {gÕmÝV
h¡& ¶h n[a^mfm {H$gZo Xr? (3) EH$sH$aU H$m {gÕmÝV (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(1) ê$gmo Zo (2) AmBO|H$ Zo
(3) S´>oda Zo (4) H¡$Q>b Zo *******
43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.
(1) (3) (2) (1) (3) (1) (2) (1) (3) (4) (4) (1) (4) (4) (2) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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 n¥îR> 12 d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
Aܶm¶ 2
d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg
2.1 àñVmdZm
à˶oH$ ì¶p³V ‘| emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, ^mdZmË‘H$ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ n[aàoú¶ ‘|
nb-nb ~Xbmd AmVm h¡& OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ dh {eew H$hbmVm h¡, Hw$N> g‘¶ ~mX
~mbH$, {’$a {H$emoa, d¶ñH$, àm¡‹T> Ed§ d¥Õ H$hbmVm h¡& àmapå^H$ AdñWm ‘|
dh A~moY H$hbmVm h¡, {’$a eamaVr, Jå^ra, {dÛmZ, kmZr Am{X {deofUm| go
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¶w³V hmo OmVm h¡& ì¶p³V H$s Am¶w ‘| d¥{Õ Ho$ gmW-gmW CgH$s emar[aH$ Am¡a
‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ed§ j‘VmAm| ‘| ^r d¥{Õ hmoZo bJVr h¡& Bg H$maU ì¶p³V
Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ed§ ì¶dhma ‘| ^r n[adV©Z hmoVm ahVm h¡& {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| ~mbH$
Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ed§ ì¶dhma H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ~mbH$ H$s ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ed§
j‘VmAm| ‘| d¥{Õ, ì¶p³VËd Ed§ ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z {OZ H$maUm| go hmoVm h¡
CZH$m Aܶ¶Z {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| H$m¶© H$aZo dmbo H$m¶©H$Îmm© H$mo H$aZm Amdí¶H$
h¡& ~mbH$ H$s Am¶w Ho$ gmW emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, gm‘m{OH$, gm§do{JH$, Z¡{VH$
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Am{X njm| H$m {H$g àH$ma {dH$mg hmoVm h¡, BgH$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZm Bg Aܶm¶
H$m CÔoí¶ h¡& ì¶p³V Ho$ gånyU© ì¶p³VËd ‘| n[adV©Z H$mo A{^d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg
Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡&
2.2 A{^d¥{Õ
A{^d¥{Õ H$m gm‘mݶ AW© hmoVm h¡ AmJo ~‹T>Zm& ~mbH$ H$s A{^d¥{Õ Ho$ gÝX^©
‘| Bgo CgHo$ eara Ho$ AmÝV[aH$ Ed§ ~mø A§Jm| Ho$ AmH$ma, ^ma Am¡a BZH$s
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H$m¶©j‘Vm ‘| hmoZo dmbr d¥{Õ Ho$ ê$n ‘| XoIm OmVm h¡& ‘mZd eara ‘| ¶h d¥{Õ
EH$ Am¶w VH$ (18-20 df©) hr hmoVr h¡, CgHo$ ~mX BZ A§Jmo§ ‘| d¥{Õ Zht
hmoVr h¡ AWm©V² Bg Am¶w VH$ ì¶p³V nyU© d¶ñH$ hmo OmVm h¡& Bg d¥{Õ H$mo
XoIm-naIm Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a BgH$m ‘mnZ ^r {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ’«|$H$ Zo A{^d¥{Õ H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþE {bIm-
A{^d¥{Õ go VmËn¶© H$mo{eH$mAm| ‘| hmoZo dmbr d¥{Õ go hmoVm h¡, O¡go-bå~mB© Am¡a
^ma ‘| d¥{Õ&
‘mZd A{^d¥{Õ H$s Xmo {deofVmE± hmoVr h¡- ‘mZd H$s H$m¶©j‘Vm Am¡a
A{^d¥{Õ H$s gr‘m& BÝht {deofVmAm| H$mo g‘m{hV H$aVo hþE bmb Ed§ Omoer Zo
A{^d¥{Õ H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþE {bIm-
‘mZd A{^d¥{Õ go VmËn¶© CgHo$ eara Ho$ ~mø Ed§ Am§V[aH$ A§Jm| Ho$ AmH$ma, ^ma
Ed§ H$m¶©j‘Vm ‘| hmoZo dmbr Cg d¥{Õ go hmoVm h¡, Omo CgHo$ J^© g‘¶ H$mo n[an³dVm
àmá H$aZo VH$ MbVr h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
2.3 {dH$mg H$m AW©
{dH$mg EH$ gmd©^m¡{‘H$ à{H«$¶m h¡ Omo OÝ‘ go boH$a OrdZn¶©ÝV VH$ A{dam‘
MbVr ahVr h¡& {dH$mg Ho$db emar[aH$ d¥{Õ H$s Amoa hr g§Ho$V Zht H$aVr
daZ² BgHo$ AÝVJ©V do g^r emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a g§doJmË‘H$
n[adV©Z gpå‘{bV ahVo h¢, Omo J^©H$mb go boH$a ‘¥Ë¶wn¶©ÝV VH$ {ZaÝVa
àmUr ‘| àH$Q> hmoVo ahVo h¢&
{dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| hmoZo dmbo g^r n[adV©Z g‘mZ Zht hmoVo h¢&
OrdZ H$s àmapå^H$ AdñWm ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Z aMZmË‘H$ Am¡a CÎmamÕ© ‘|
hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Z {dZmemË‘H$ hmoVo h¢& aMZmË‘H$ n[adV©Z àmUr ‘| n[an³dVm
bmVo h¢ Am¡a {dZmemË‘H$ n[adV©Z Cgo d¥ÕmdñWm H$s Amoa bo OmVo h¢& Bg
àH$ma {dH$mg EH$ ì¶mnH$ eãX h¡&
{dH$mg H$mo H«${‘H$ n[adV©Zm| H$s ûm¥§Ibm ^r H$hm OmVm h¡& BgHo$
’$bñdê$n ì¶p³V ‘| ZdrZ {deofVmAm| H$m CX¶ hmoVm h¡ VWm nwamZr {deofVmAm|
H$s g‘m{á hmo OmVr h¡& àm¡‹T>mdñWm ‘| nhþ±MH$a ‘Zwî¶ ñd¶§ H$mo {OZ JwUm| go
gånÝZ nmVm h¡, do {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ hr n[aUm‘ hmoVo h¢&
2.4 {dH$mg H$s n[a^mfmE±
1. habm°H$ Ho$ AZwgma-
{dH$mg Ho$db A{^d¥{Õ VH$ hr gr{‘V Zht h¡ daZ² dh ì¶dpñWV VWm g‘ZwJV
n[adV©Z h¡ {Og‘| {H$ àm¡‹T>mdñWm Ho$ bú¶ H$s Amoa n[adV©Zm| H$m àJ{Verb H«$‘ {Z{hV
ahVm h¡, {OgHo$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n ì¶p³V ‘| ZdrZ {deofVmE± Ed§ ¶mo½¶VmE± àH$Q> hmoVr h¢&
Bg n[a^mfm ‘| Xmo eãXm| ì¶dpñWV Am¡a g‘ZwJV na A{YH$ ~b
{X¶m J¶m h¡& ì¶dpñWV eãX go VmËn¶© h¡ {H$ {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| hmoZo dmbo
n[adV©Zm| ‘| H$moB© Z H$moB© H«$‘ Adí¶ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a AmJo dmbo n[adV©Z nyd©
n[adV©Z na AmYm[aV hmoVo h¢& g‘ZwJV eãX H$m AW© h¡ n[adV©Z gå~ÝYhrZ
Zht hmVo h¢, CZ‘| Amng ‘| nañna gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡&
2. ‘wZam| Ho$ AZwgma-
{dH$mg n[adV©Z ûm¥§Ibm H$s dh AdñWm h¡ {Og‘| ~ÀMm ^«yUmdñWm go boH$a
àm¡‹T>mdñWm VH$ JwOaVm h¡, {dH$mg H$hbmVm h¡&
3. Ooåg S´oda Ho$ AZwgma -
{dH$mg dh Xem h¡ Omo àJ{Verb n[adV©Z Ho$ ê$n ‘| gVV² ê$n go 춳V hmoVr h¡&
¶h àJ{Verb n[adV©Z {H$gr ^r àmUr ‘| ^«yUmdñWm go boH$a àm¡‹T>mdñWm VH$ hmoVm
h¡& ¶h {dH$mg VÝÌ H$mo gm‘mݶ ê$n ‘| {Z¶pÝÌV H$aVm ho& ¶h àJ{V H$m ‘mZXÊS> h¡
Am¡a BgH$m Amaå^ eyݶ go hmoVm h¡&
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg
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Bg àH$ma Cn¶w©³V g^r {dÛmZm| H$s n[a^mfmAm| Ho$ AmYma na H$hm
Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ {dH$mg EH$ ì¶mnH$ eãX h¡& ~mbH$ Ho$ J^© ‘| AmVo hr {dH$mg
H$s à{H«$¶m àmaå^ hmo OmVr h¡& Omo gm‘mݶV… 9 ‘mh ¶m 10 ‘mh ¶m bJ^J
280 {XZm| VH$ hmoVr h¡& Bg Ad{Y ‘| eara Ho$ A§Jm| H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡ O~
J^©H$mbrZ {dH$mg nyU© hmo OmVm h¡, Vmo Cgo OÝ‘ boH$a ~mha AmZm n‹S>Vm h¡&
AV… Bggo nVm MbVm h¡ {H$ {dH$mg EH$ n[adV©Zm| H$s ûm¥§Ibm h¡&
{dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Z d§emZwH«$‘ go àmá JwUm|
VWm dmVmdaU XmoZm| H$m hr n[aUm‘ hmoVo h¢& {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| hmoZo dmbo
emar[aH$ n[adV©Zm| H$mo Vmo AmgmZr go XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡, {H$ÝVw Aݶ {XemAm|
‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$mo XoIZo d g‘PZo ‘| g‘¶ bJVm h¡&
2.5 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg ‘| AÝVa
A{^d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg H$m AW© g‘PZo Ho$ {bE h‘| CZHo$ AÝVa H$mo g‘P
boZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& gmoaoÝgZ Ho$ AZwgma- gm‘mݶ ê$n go A{^d¥{Õ eãX H$m
à¶moJ eara Am¡a CgHo$ A§Jm| Ho$ ^ma Am¡a AmH$ma ‘| d¥{Õ Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm
h¡& Bg d¥{Õ H$mo Zmnm Am¡a Vmobm Om gH$Vm h¡& {dH$mg H$m gå~ÝY A{^d¥{Õ
go Adí¶ hmoVm h¡, na ¶h eara Ho$ A§Jm| ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$mo {deof ê$n
go 춳V H$aVm h¡, CXmhaUmW©, h[ȶm| Ho$ AmH$ma ‘| d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡, na H$‹S>r hmo
OmZo Ho$ H$maU CZHo$ ñdê$n ‘| n[adV©Z ^r hmo OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma, {dH$mg
‘| A{^d¥{Õ H$m ^md gX¡d {Z{hV ahVm h¡& {’$a ^r, boIH$m| Ûmam XmoZm| eãXm|
H$m à¶moJ gmYmaUV… EH$ hr AW© ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
A{^d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg H$s n«{H««$¶mE± Cgr g‘¶ go Amaå^ hmo OmVr h¡,
{Og g‘¶ go ~mbH$ H$m J^m©YmZ hmoVm h¡& ¶o à{H«$¶mE±, CZHo$ OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX ^r
MbVr ahVr h¡& ’$bñdê$n, dh {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘| go JwOaVm
h¡, {OZ‘| CgH$m emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, gm‘m{OH$ Am{X {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& AV…
h‘ habm°H$ Ho$ eãXm| ‘| H$h gH$Vo h¢-
{dH$mg, A{^d¥{Õ VH$ hr gr{‘V Zht h¡& BgHo$ ~Om¶, Bg‘| àm¡‹T>mdñWm Ho$ bú¶
H$s Amoa n[adV©Zm| H$m àJ{Verb H«$‘ {Z{hV ahVm h¡& {dH$mg Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n ì¶p³V
‘| ZdrZ {deofVmE± Am¡a ZdrZ ¶mo½¶VmE± àH$Q> hmoVr h¡&
A{^d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg ‘| AÝVa {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
H«$.g§. A{^d¥{Õ {dH$mg
1. A{^d¥{Õ go VmËn¶© ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ AmH$ma {dH$mg go VmËn¶© ‘mZ{gH$, emar[aH$,
~ZmdQ> Ed§ ^ma ‘| hmoZo dmbr d¥{Õ g§doJmË‘H$ Ed§ Mm[a{ÌH$ Am{X D$Üd©Jm‘r
go h¡& n[adV©Zm| go hmoVm h¡&
2. A{^d¥{Õ gr{‘V hmoVr h¡ VWm {dH$mg H$s H$moB© gr‘m Zht hmoVr h¡& ¶h
n[an³dVm Ho$ ñVa VH$ hmoVr h¡& OÝ‘ go boH$a ‘¥Ë¶w VH$ MbVr ahVr h¡&
3. A{^d¥{Õ Ho$db ‘mÌmË‘H$ hmoVr h¡& {dH$mg ‘mÌmË‘H$ Ed§ JwUmË‘H$ XmoZm|
àH$ma H$m hmoVm h¡&
4. A{^d¥{Õ H«${‘H$ Ed§ ûm¥¥§Ibm~Õ ê$n {dH$mg H$m H$moB© H«$‘ {ZpíMV Zht hmoVm&
go hmoVr h¡&
5. A{^d¥{Õ àm¶… ñWyb ê$n ‘| Ñí¶JV {dH$mg Ñí¶ VWm AÑí¶ XmoZm| ê$nm| ‘|
hmoVr h¡& hmoVm h¡
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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H«$.g§. A{^d¥{Õ {dH$mg
6. A{^d¥{Õ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr {dH$mg A{^d¥{Õ go ~hþV H$‘ hr
h¡& à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&
7. A{^d¥{Õ Ho$db YZmË‘H$ hmoVr h¡& {dH$mg YZmË‘H$ Ed§ G$UmË‘H$ XmoZm|
hmoVm h¡&
8. A{^d¥{Õ Ho$db AmZwd§{eH$ à^md Ho$ {dH$mg na AmZwd§{eH$Vm Ho$ gmW hr
H$maU hmoVr h¡& dmVmdaU H$m ^r à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&
Cnamo³V {ddoMZ go ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$ {dH$mg A{^d¥{Õ go H$ht A{YH$
ì¶mnH$ h¡ VWm A{^d¥{Õ {dH$mg H$m EH$ A§J h¡&
2.6 {dH$mg Ho$ ê$n
{dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ‘w»¶ ê$n goo Mma àH$ma Ho$ n[adV©Z ÑpîQ>JV hmoVo h¢-
1. AmH$ma ‘| n[adV©Z
emar[aH$ {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| {ZaÝVa eara Ho$ AmH$ma ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm ahVm h¡&
AmH$mam| ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$mo AmgmZr go XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡& emar[aH$
{dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| Am¶w d¥{Õ Ho$ gmW-gmW eara Ho$ AmH$ma d ^ma ‘| {ZaÝVa
n[adV©Z AmVm ahVm h¡&
2. AZwnmV ‘| n[adV©Z
{dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| nhbo AmH$mam| ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡, bo{H$Z ¶h n[adV©Z
AmZwnm{VH$ hmoVm h¡& àmUr Ho$ eara Ho$ g^r A§J {dH${gV Zht hmoVo h¢ Z
hr CZ‘| EH$ gmW n[an³dVm AmVr h¡& AV… g^r A§Jm| Ho$ {dH$mg H$m EH$
{ZpíMV AZwnmV Zht hmoVm h¡& O¡go- gånyU© {dH$mg H$mb ‘| öX¶ H$m ^ma
OÝ‘ Ho$ ^ma H$m Voah JwZm ~‹T> OmVm h¡, O~{H$ ‘pñVîH$ H$m ^ma Ho$db Mma
JwZm hr ~‹T>Vm h¡& AV… {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| emar[aH$ A§Jm| Ho$ AZwnmV ‘§o AÝVa Am
OmVm h¡& CXmhaU Ho$ {bE, e¡edmdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ñd-Ho$pÝÐV hmoVm h¡ O~{H$
~më¶mdñWm Ho$ AmVo-AmVo dh AnZo Amgnmg Ho$ dmVmdaU VWm ì¶p³V¶m| ‘|
ê${M boZo bJVm h¡&
3. nwamZr ê$naoIm ‘| n[adV©Z
àmUr Ho$ {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| ZdrZ {deofVmAm| H$m CX¶ hmoZo go nyd© nwamZr
{deofVmAm| H$m bmon hmoVm ahVm h¡& O¡go- ~MnZ Ho$ ~mbm| Am¡a Xm±Vm| H$m g‘má
hmo OmZm, Bgr àH$ma ~MnZ H$s AñnîQ> Üd{Z¶m±, [IgH$Zm, KwQ>Zm| Ho$ ~b
MbZm, amoZm, {MëbmZm Am{X JwU g‘má hmo OmVo h¢&
4. Z¶o JwUm| H$s àm{á
{dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| Ohm± EH$ Amoa nwamZr ê$naoIm ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡ dht CgH$m
ñWmZ Z¶o JwU àmá H$a boVo h¢& O¡go- ñWm¶r Xm±V {ZH$bZm, ñnîQ> CÀMmaU
H$aZm, CN>bZm-Hy$XZm Am¡a ^mJZo-Xm¡‹S>Zo H$s j‘VmAm| H$m CX¶ hmoZm Am{X
Z¶o JwU àmUr H$mo {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| hr àmá hmoVo h¢&
Bg àH$ma àmUr Ho$ {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| BZ Mmam| àH$ma Ho$ n[adV©Zm| H$m
~‹S>m ‘hÎd h¡& ¶{X ¶o n[adV©Z Z hm| Vmo {H$gr ^r àmUr Ho$ {bE AnZo ^mdr
OrdZ H$s Z¶r n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| ñd¶§ H$mo g‘m¶mo{OV H$aZm H${R>Z hmo Om¶oJm&
 n¥îR> 14 d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg
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2.7 {dH$mg Ho$ {gÕmÝV
¶Ú{n {dH$mg gmd©^m¡{‘H$ VWm {ZaÝVa MbVr ahZo dmbr {H«$¶m h¡, bo{H$Z
à˶oH$ àmUr H$m {dH$mg {ZpíMV {Z¶‘m| Ho$ AmYma na hr hmoVm h¡& BÝht {Z¶‘m|
Ho$ AmYma na AZoH$ emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mE± {dH${gV hmoVr ahVr h¢&
{dH$mg Ho$ Hw$N> à‘wI {Z¶‘ {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. gVV² ¶m {ZaÝVa {dH$mg H$m {gÕmÝV
{dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m A~mY J{V go MbVr ahVr h¡, ¶h J{V VoO ¶m ‘ÝX hmoVr
ahVr h¡& O¡go-~mbH$ Ho$ àW‘ VrZ dfmoª ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ~hþV
Vrd« ahVr h¡& ¶h {gÕmÝV ‘mZd {dH$mg H$m g~go à‘wI {gÕmÝV h¡& {dH$mg
H$s à{H«$¶m MbVr ahVr h¡ VWm eara Ho$ Hw$N> A§Jm| H$m {dH$mg Vrd« J{V go
hmoVm h¡ VWm Hw$N> A§Jm| H$m {dH$mg ‘ÝX J{V go hmoVm h¡, {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n
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‘Zwî¶ ‘| H$moB© AmH$pñ‘H$ n[adV©Z Zht hmoVm h¡& Bg {df¶ ‘| pñH$Za ‘hmoX¶
H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ {dH$mg à{H«$¶mAm| H$s {ZaÝVaVm H$m {gÕmÝV Ho$db Bg ~mV
na Omoa XoVm h¡ {H$ ep³V ({dH$mg) ‘| H$moB© AmH$pñ‘H$ n[adV©Z Z hmo&
2. {dH$mg H«$‘ H$m {gÕmÝV
Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AÝVJ©V ~mbH$ H$m {dH$mg EH$ {ZpíMV H«$‘ go hmoVm h¡&
O¡go- ~mbH$ OÝ‘ Ho$ CnamÝV Ho$db amoVm h¡ Am¡a 3 ‘hrZo Ho$ ~mX dh EH$
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{deof àH$ma H$s AmdmO {ZH$mbVm h¡& 6 ‘mh Ho$ ~mX dh AmZÝX H$s Üd{Z
{ZH$mbZo bJVm h¡& 7 ‘mh ‘| dh AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ {bE nm, ~m, Xm Am{X
eãXm| H$m à¶moJ H$aZo bJVm h¡& O~ ~mbH$ ^mfm H$mo ~mobZm grI OmVm h¡,
Vmo Cgo H«$‘e… ^mfm H$m n‹T>Zm Am¡a {bIZm {gIm¶m OmVm h¡& eb}, Jogob,
{n¶mOo, E{‘g Am{X Zo AnZo à¶moJm| go Bg V϶ H$mo {gÕ H$a {X¶m h¡&
3. {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ J{V H$m {gÕmÝV
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AÝVJ©V ñnîQ> {H$¶m {H$ ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ {dH$mg
H$s J{V {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ hmoVr h¡& ¶h {^ÝZVm {dH$mg Ho$ gånyU© H$mb VH$ ~Zr
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ahVr h¡& àm¶… ¶h XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ Omo ~mbH$ OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ bå~m hmoVm h¡
dh ~‹S>m hmoZo na ^r bå~m ahVm h¡, Am¡a Omo N>moQ>m hmoVm h¡, dh gmYmaUV…
N>moQ>m ahVm h¡&
4. nañna gå~ÝY H$m {gÕmÝV
~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, ^mfm¶r, g§doJmË‘H$, gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a Mm[a{ÌH$
Am{X njm| Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| nañna gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& CXmhaUñdê$n ‘Zwî¶ Ho$
eara Ho$ ~mø Ed§ AmÝV[aH$ A§Jm| ‘| d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡, CZH$m AmH$ma Ed§ ^ma
~‹T>Vm h¡, {Oggo CgH$s H$m¶©j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& J¡[agZ Ed§ Aݶ H$m
H$WZ h¡-
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habm°H$ Zo Bg {df¶ ‘| H$hm h¡-
{dH$mg H$s g~ AdñWmAm| ‘| ~mbH$ H$s à{V{H«$¶mE± {d{eîQ> ~ZZo go nyd© gm‘mݶ
àH$ma H$s hmoVr h¢&
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àJʶ
O¡go- ~mbH$ nhbo Hw$N> ~mobZo ‘§o gab eãXm| H$m à¶moJ H$aVm h¡,
naÝVw Yrao-Yrao ghr Zm‘ H$m kmZ hmoZo na dh dñVw H$mo Cgr Ho$ Zm‘ go
nwH$maVm h¡&
6. g‘mZ à{V‘mZ H$m {gÕmÝV
g‘mZ à{V‘mZ Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AÝVJ©V habm°H$ Zo ~Vm¶m {H$-
à˶oH$ Om{V, Mmho dh newOm{V hmo ¶m ‘Zwî¶ Om{V AnZr Om{V Ho$ AZwê$n hr
{dH$mg Ho$ à{V‘mZ H$m AZwgaU H$aVr h¡&
CXmhaU-Jm¶ H$m ~ÀMm OÝ‘ boVo hr I‹S>m hmo OmVm h¡, naÝVw ‘mZd
{eew OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ ‘mÌ amoZm OmZVm h¡ VWm g§gma Ho$ à˶oH$ ^mJ ‘| {dH$mg
Ho$ EH$ hr à{V‘mZ hmoVo h¢&
7. EH$sH$aU H$m {gÕmÝV
EH$sH$aU Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AÝVJ©V ~mbH$ nhbo gånyU© A§J H$mo Am¡a CgHo$
CnamÝV A§J H$mo Am§{eH$ ^mJm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| MbmZm grIVm h¡& O¡go- ~mbH$
à˶oH$ dñVw H$mo EH$ hr Vah go CR>mVm h¡, naÝVw kmZ hmoZo na dh Yra-Yrao
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hmoVm h¡ {H$ dh EH$sH$aU Ûmam grIVm h¡&
8. {dH$mg H$s {ZpíMV {Xem H$m {gÕmÝV
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ~Vm¶m h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ H$m {dH$mg EH$ {ZpíMV {Xem ‘| hr hmoVm
h¡& O¡go- àmaå^ ‘| ~mbH$ nhbo AnZm {ga CR>mZm grIVo h¢, CgHo$ CnamÝV
dh Aݶ ^mJm| na {Z¶ÝÌU H$aZm grIVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ‘Zwî¶ H$m {dH$mg
{ZpíMV {Xem ‘| hmoVm h¡ dh h‘oem {ga go n¡a H$s Amoa hmoVm h¡& AV… V^r
~mbH$ H$mo MbZm-grIZo ‘| 12 go 18 ‘mh H$m g‘¶ bJVm h¡&
9. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm H$m {gÕmÝV
EH$ hr ‘mVm-{nVm H$s Xmo gÝVmZ| g‘mZ Zht hmoVr h¢ VWm à˶oH$ ~ÀMo H$mo
h‘ EH$ g‘mZ n¶m©daU Zht Xo nmVo h¢& Bggo ~ÀMm| ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Am¡a
~‹T> OmVr h¡& O¡go-bå~mB© Ho$ OrÝg àmá hmoZo na ~mbH$ bå~m hmoJm, naÝVw
bå~mB© Ho$ OrÝg àmá Z hmoZo go CgH$s bå~mB© H$‘ hr ahoJr, {Oggo CgHo$
‘mZ{gH$, g§doJmË‘H$ Ed§ ^mfm¶r {dH$mg H$s J{V Yr‘r hmo Om¶oJr& pñH$Za
‘hmoX¶ Zo Bg {df¶ ‘| H$hm h¡-
{dH$mg Ho$ ñdê$nm| ‘| ì¶mnH$ d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm¶| hmoVr h¢&
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~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg na d§emZwH«$‘ VWm n¶m©daU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m à^md
n‹S>Vm h¡& ‘mVm-{nVm go àmá JwUm| H$m {dH$mg ~mbH$ àmH¥${VH$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$
n[adoe ‘| ahH$a H$aVm ho& ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE AmZwd§{eH$Vm go àmá
JwU AÝV{Z{h©V hmoVo h¢, {OÝh| dmVmdaU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m Ûmam hr n[aîH¥$V
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gr‘mAm| H$mo {ZpíMV H$aVm h¡, {OZHo$ AmJo ~mbH$ H$m {dH$mg Zht {H$¶m Om
gH$Vm h¡& Bgr àH$ma h‘ XoIVo h¢ {H$ ¶{X ~mbH$ Xÿ{fV dmVmdaU ‘| {Zdmg
H$aVm h¡, Vmo Cgo Hw$nmofU VWm Aݶ amoJ hmo gH$Vo h¢, {Oggo CgH$m {dH$mg
à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&
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11. nwZ~©bZ {gÕmÝV 1. ~mbH$m| H$mo {dH$mg Ho$ {bE C{MV àoaUm àXmZ H$aVo h¢&
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H$m O¡go-O¡go {dH$mg hmoVm h¡, A{YJ‘ H$aVm OmVm h¡& BÝhm|Zo ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ àmá hmoVr h¡&
AZw^dm| H$mo d¶ñH$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ‘hÎdnyU© H$maH$m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| ñdrH$ma {H$¶m h¡& 3. {dH$mg Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| go ~mbH$ ‘| Omo VZmd
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hmoVm h¡& O¡go- ZdOmV {eew H$m ñVZnmZ go gå~pÝYV A{O©V ì¶dhma CgH$s
^moOZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$ {bE A{YH$ g‘¶ VH$ n¶m©á Zht hmoVm h¡, Cgo
2.9 {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmE±
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VWm nwZ~©bZ (nwañH$ma)& AbJ-AbJ àH$ma go dJuH¥$V {H$¶m h¡& ¶o AdñWmE± {ZåZmZwgma h¢-

12. gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV am°g Ho$ AZwgma-

Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ à{VnmXH$ ~ÝXÿam Am¡a dmëQ>g© Zo gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘ Ho$ ‘hÎd 1. e¡edmdñWm 1-3 df©
H$s nwpîQ> AZoH$ à¶moJmË‘H$ Aܶ¶Zm| Ho$ AmYma na H$s h¡& ~ÝXÿam| Zo EH$ 2. nyd© ~më¶mdñWm 3-6 df©
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H$mo àX{e©V {H$¶m J¶m Wm& {’$ë‘ Ho$ VrZ ^mJ Wo& à˶oH$ ~ÀMo H$mo Ho$db 4. {H$emoamdñWm 12-18 df©
EH$ àH$ma H$s {’$ë‘ {XImB© JB©& nhbr {’$ë‘ ‘| {’$ë‘ H$m hramo AmH«$m‘H$ habm°H$ Ho$ AZwgma-
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Xÿgar {’$ë‘ ‘| hramo AmH«$m‘H$ ì¶dhma H$aVm Wm Am¡a AnZo Bg AmH«$m‘H$ dJuH$aU gd©‘mݶ ‘mZm J¶m h¡& ¶h ~mbH$m| Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm|
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Bg àH$ma d¡km{ZH$m| Zo J^m©dñWm go d¥ÕmdñWm VH$ H$s AdñWm
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{dH$mg H$aVo h¢-
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3. Bg AdñWm ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Z ‘w»¶V… emar[aH$ hr hmoVo h¢& H$mo Aܶ¶Z H$s ÑpîQ> go Xmo ^mJm| ‘| ~m±Q>m J¶m h¡-
2. e¡edmdñWm 1. nyd© {H$emoamdñWm 13-16 df©
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ny{V© Ho$ {bE ‘hÎdnyU© {ZU©¶ boVm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ^r ì¶p³V H$mo {d{^ÝZ
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2. CÎma ~më¶mdñWm 7 go 12 df© Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V A{YH$ gmoM-{dMmaH$a ‘hÎdnyU© {ZU©¶ bo,
Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ‘| “{Okmgw” àd¥{Îm A{YH$ hmo OmVr h¡, {Oggo ³¶m|{H$ {H$gr ^r joÌ ‘| C{MV g‘m¶moOZ Z hmo nmZo na ì¶p³V Hw$ÊR>m Am¡a
dh AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm VWm {ejH$m| go Vah-Vah Ho$ gdmb H$aVm h¡& Z¡amí¶ H$m {eH$ma hmo OmVm h¡&
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| ‘| g‘yh àd¥{Îm H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& dh Iob d
gm{W¶m| Ho$ gmW ahZm ngÝX H$aVm h¡& 8. ‘ܶmdñWm
~më¶mdñWm ~mbH$ H$mo OrdZ H$s AZoH$ dmñV{dH$VmAm| go n[a{MV 41 go 60 df© H$s Am¶w H$mo ‘ܶmdñWm ‘mZm J¶m h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| àmUr Ho$
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H$amVr h¡ {OZHo$ ~rM ahH$a dh AnZo OrdZ H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo hb H$aZo ^rVa emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢& Bg AdñWm ‘| H$m‘ ep³V H$m
H$m VarH$m grI boVm h¡ Omo CgHo$ {H$emoa OrdZ Ho$ {bE AmYma H$m H$m¶© õmg hmoZo bJVm h¡ Am¡a ì¶p³V H$s ê${M ~XbZo bJVr h¡& Bg g‘¶ ì¶p³V
H$aVm h¡& gwI empÝV d à{VîR>m go OrZo H$s H$m‘Zm H$aVm h¡& gm‘m{OH$ gå~ÝYm| Ho$
à{V ^r ‘Zmod¥{Îm¶m± Ñ‹T> hmo OmVr h¢& Bg g‘¶ ì¶p³V H$mo AnZr gÝVmZ Ho$
5. d¶… gpÝY gmW g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo ‘| H${R>ZmB© H$m gm‘Zm H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ Am¶w Ho$
d¶… gpÝY ~më¶mdñWm Am¡a {H$emoamdñWm H$mo {‘bmZo ‘| goVw H$m H$m¶© H$aVr AÝVamb Ho$ H$maU XmoZm| Ho$ {dMma gmoMZo Ho$ VarH$m| Am{X ‘Zmod¥{Îm¶m| ‘| AÝVa
h¡& ¶h AdñWm ~hþV H$‘ g‘¶ H$s hmoVr h¡, bo{H$Z emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$s ÑpîQ> hmoVm h¡& C{MV g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ {bE ¶h Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V AnZo n[adma
go ¶h ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU© AdñWm h¡& Bg AdñWm H$s à‘wI {deofVm ¶m¡Z A§Jm| Ho$ gXñ¶m| Ho$ gmW C{MV Vmb‘ob aIo, {Oggo CgH$s d¥ÕmdñWm ‘mZ{gH$
H$s n[an³dVm VWm H$m‘ ep³V H$m CX¶ hmoZm h¡& gÝVwpîQ> d empÝV Ho$ gmW ì¶VrV hmo&
~m{bH$mAm| ‘| ¶h AdñWm gm‘mݶV… 11 go 13 df© Ho$ ~rM àmaå^
hmo OmVr h¡ Am¡a ~mbH$m| ‘| ~mah go Voah df© Ho$ ~rM& 9. d¥ÕmdñWm
eara ‘| AmÝV[aH$ VWm ~mø n[adV©Zm| Ho$ H$maU H$^r-H$^r ~mbH$ OrdZ H$s ApÝV‘ AdñWm d¥ÕmdñWm h¡ Omo 60 df© go àma§^ hmoH$a OrdZ Ho$
Am¡a ~m{bH$m g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go {dM{bV hmo OmVo h¢ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ {Z¶ÝÌU A§{V‘ g‘¶ VH$ ‘mZr OmVr h¡& ¶h AdñWm õmg H$s AdñWm hmoVr h¡& Bg
Imo XoVo h¢& Bg AdñWm ‘| ‘mVm-{nVm H$mo ~ÀMm| H$mo eara ‘| hmoZo dmbo AdñWm ‘| emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmAm| H$m õmg hmoZo bJVm h¡& ñ‘aU ep³V
n[adV©Zm| Ho$ {df¶ ‘| AÀN>r Vah go ~VmZm Mm{hE& H$‘ hmoZo bJVr h¡& ¶h AdñWm ì¶mdgm[¶H$ OrdZ go AdH$me H$s AdñWm
hmoVr h¡& AV… d¥Õ ì¶p³V¶m| H$s ¶h YmaUm ~Z OmVr h¡ {H$ A~ n[adma d
g‘mO H$mo CZH$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht h¡& do Xÿgam| na ~moP h¢& CZH$s ¶h YmaUm
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
CZ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ VZmd CËnÝZ H$aVr h¡& do {OÔr Am¡a H«$moYr hmo OmVo h¢, {Oggo
n[adma Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ ‘| H${R>ZmB© hmoVr h¡&
2.10 {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$
¶Ú{n ~mbH$ H$m {dH$mg d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m JwUZ’$b hmoVm h¡,
bo{H$Z {’$a ^r Hw$N> VÎd d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$mo à^m{dV H$a CgHo$
{dH$mg ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$aVo h¢ ¶m {’$a {dH$mg H$mo Adê$Õ H$aVo h¢& ~mbH$m|
Ho$ {dH$mg na {OZ VÎdm| H$m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡ do {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. nmofU
{H$gr ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| nmofU ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m {Z^mVm h¡& J^©H$mbrZ
AdñWm go boH$a OrdZn¶©ÝV VH$ àmUr H$mo Or{dV VWm ñdñW ~Zo ahZo
Ho$ {bE CÎm‘ nmofU H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& gÝVw{bV d nm¡pîQ>H$ ^moOZ
(àmoQ>rZ, dgm, H$m~m}hmBS´>oQ>, I{ZO-bdU, {dQ>m{‘Z) emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$
{dH$mg ‘| ghm¶H$ h¢&
2. ~w{Õ
{H$gr ^r ~mbH$ H$s ~w{Õ ¶m ~m¡{ÕH$ j‘VmE± CgHo$ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm|
H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¢& narjUm| Ho$ níMmV² ¶h {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbm J¶m h¡ {H$ Vrd«
~w{Õ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg H$‘ hmoVm h¡& Q>‘©Z Zo
~mbH$mo§ H$m nhbr ~ma MbZo Am¡a ~mV H$aZo H$s AdñWm H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m
Am¡a ~Vm¶m {H$ ~hþV àIa ~w{Õ ~mbH$m| ‘| MbZo H$s {H«$¶m 13d| ‘hrZo VWm
~mobZo H$s j‘Vm 11d| ‘hrZo ‘| àH$Q> hþB© O~{H$ Xþ~©b ~w{Õ Ho$ ~mbH$m| ‘| ¶hr
{H«$¶mE± H«$‘e… 30d| Am¡a 15 d| ‘hrZo ‘| àH$Q> hþB©&
3. ¶m¡Z
¶m¡Z ^oX ^r emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo hr Zht ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$mo ^r à^m{dV
H$aVm h¡& ¶h XoIm OmVm h¡ {H$ OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ b‹S>Ho bå~mB© ‘| b‹S>{H$¶m|
H$s VwbZm ‘| Hw$N> A{YH$ bå~o hmoVo h¢ naÝVw ~mX H$s AdñWm ‘| b‹S>{H$¶m|
H$m {dH$mg VoOr go hmoVm h¡ Am¡a do b‹S>H$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| nhbo hr emar[aH$
n[an³dVm àmá H$a boVr h¢& H$m‘ ep³V ^r b‹S>{H$¶m| ‘| b‹S>H$m| go EH$ Xmo
df© nyd© hr Am OmVr h¡& Xg ½¶mah df© H$s AdñWm AmZo VH$ g‘mZ Am¶w
H$s b‹S>H$s b‹S>H$m| H$s Anojm Hw$N> bå~r hmo OmVr h¡& ~w{Õ narjUm| ‘| ^r ¶h
XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| ^r b‹S>{H$¶m± b‹S>H$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| nhbo
‘mZ{gH$ n[an³dVm àmá H$a boVr h¢& ¶m¡Z ^oX H$m ^r {dH$mg na à^md
n‹S>Vm h¡&
4. AÝV… ñÌmdr J«pÝW¶m±
‘mZd eara Ho$ AÝXa Hw$N> Eogr J«pÝW¶m± nm¶r OmVr h¢ Omo eara Ho$ {bE Eogo
ñÌmdm| H$mo CËnÝZ H$aVr h¢, Omo emar[aH$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| AnZm ‘hÎdnyU©
¶moJXmZ XoVo h¢& CXmhaU Ho$ {bE Jbo ‘| pñWV noamWm¶amBS> J«pÝW ApñW¶m| Ho$
{Z‘m©U ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$a emar[aH$ {dH$mg ‘| ¶moJXmZ XoVr h¡& Bgr àH$ma
Wm°¶amBS> J«pÝW Wm°¶am°p³gZ ñÌm{dV H$aVr h¡, Omo emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$
{dH$mg ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m {Z^mVr h¡& WmB‘g Am¡a Wr{Z¶b J«pÝW H$s
A{V {H«$¶merbVm go eara H$m gm‘mݶ {dH$mg ê$H$ OmVm h¡, {Oggo ~ÀMm|
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 17
‘| ~MnZmdñWm Ho$ bjU ~hþV {XZ VH$ ~Zo ahVo h¢& JmoZS> J«pÝW H$s H$‘
{H«$¶merbVm ‘| {H$emoamdñWm AmZo ‘| {dbå~ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a {H«$¶merbVm ~‹T>Zo
na ¶m¡Z n[an³dVm OëXr Am OmVr h¡&
5. àOm{V
d¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ AZwgma àOmVr¶ {^ÝZVm go {dH$mg à^m{dV hmoVm h¡& ¶h ‘mZm
OmVm h¡ {H$ EH$ àOm{V Ho$ bmoJ Xÿgar àOm{V Ho$ bmoJm| go Z Ho$db emar[aH$
JR>Z, dU© Am¡a AmH¥${V ‘| {^ÝZ hmoVo h¢ A{nVw ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| Am¡a ~w{Õ
‘| ^r n¥WH²$ hmoVo h¢& habm°H$ Zo Bg ‘V H$mo Zht ‘mZm h¡&
6. amoJ Ed§ MmoQ>
J^©H$mbrZ AdñWm go boH$a ~mX H$s AdñWmAm§o H$s ~r‘m[a¶mo§ VWm AmKmVm|
H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg na à^md ~‹‹T>Vm h¡& ~MnZ H$s Jå^ra ~r‘m[a¶m| Am¡a
‘mZ{gH$ AmKmVm| H$m Xþîà^md ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg na
n‹S>Vm h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV Omo ~mbH$ ñdñW ahVm h¡, CgH$m {dH$mg gm‘mݶ
T>§J go hmoVm h¡&
7. n[adma
nm[adm[aH$ dmVmdaU H$B© ê$nm| go {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡ O¡go- ‘mVm-
{nVm Ho$ Amngr gå~ÝY, n[adma ‘| ~mbH$ H$s pñW{V, n[adma H$m AmH$ma,
~mb nmofU H$s {d{Y¶m± Am{X& ¶{X n[adma H$m AmÝV[aH$ dmVmdaU AÀN>m
hmoVm h¡, Vmo ~mbH$ H$m nmbZ-nmofU C{MV T>§J go {H$¶m OmVm h¡, grIZo Ho$
C{MV Adga àXmZ {H$¶o OmVo h¢& g^r ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW g‘mZ ì¶dhma {H$¶m
OmVm h¡, ~mbH$-~m{bH$m ‘| AÝVa Zht g‘Pm OmVm h¡, dhm± ~mbH$m| H$m
{dH$mg g^r joÌm| ‘| gm‘mݶ T>§J go hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV {OZ n[admam| ‘|
‘mVm-{nVm ‘| Amngr VZmd ahVm h¡, ~mbH$m| H$m nmbZ-nmofU C{MV T>§J go
Zht {H$¶m OmVm h¡, g^r ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW g‘mZ ì¶dhma Zht {H$¶m OmVm h¡,
CÝh| grIZo Ho$ n¶m©á Adga àXmZ Zht {H$¶o OmVo h¢, dhm± ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg
{d{^ÝZ joÌm| ‘| gm‘mݶ T>§J go Zht hmoVm h¡&
n[adma ‘| nwéf, ñÌr Am¡a ~ÀMm| ‘| Omo gå~ÝY hmoVo h¡, CÝh| nm[adm[aH$
gå~ÝY H$hVo h¢& n[adma ‘| A{^^mdH$ Am¡a ~mbH$ XmoZm| {H$gr Z {H$gr àH$ma
EH$-Xÿgao na {Z^©a hmoVo h¢& ~mbH$m| H$mo Amaå^ go hr AÀN>o {ZX}eZ ‘| aIZm
A{^^mdH$m| H$m CÎmaXm{¶Ëd h¡& àmaå^ go hr ñZohnyU© dmVmdaU ‘| aIZo go
‘Z‘wQ>md, H$bh Am¡a g§Kf© H$s pñW{V Ho$ CËnÝZ hmoZo H$s gå^mdZm H$‘ hmoVr
h¡& A{^^mdH$ ~mbH$ gå~ÝY AÀN>o aho BgHo$ {bE nhbo Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$
‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘Ywa hm|&
8. {dÚmb¶
àm¶… Mma-nm±M df© H$s Am¶w go g^r ~mbH$ ñHy$b OmVo h¢& {dÚmb¶ Ho$ Ûmam
~mbH$ H$mo {d{^ÝZ joÌm| ‘| grIZo H$m n¶m©á Adga àmá hmoVm h¡& {dH$mg
n[an³dVm Ho$ gmW-gmW {ejm H$m ^r n[aUm‘ h¡& AV… ¶{X {dÚmb¶ H$m
dmVmdaU AÀN>m hmoVm h¡, Vmo ~mbH$m| H$mo n¶m©á {ejU {X¶m OmVm h¡& {ejH$
AnZo ì¶dhma Am¡a kmZ go ~mbH$m| H$m MVw‘w©Ir {dH$mg H$aVm h¡, Vmo ~mbH$m|
H$m {dH$mg ghr T>§J go hmoVm h¡&
 n¥îR> 18 d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
9. nmg-n‹S>mog H$m dmVmdaU
Ka Ho$ dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW-gmW ~mbH$ {Og dmVmdaU ‘| ahVm h¡, CgH$m
à^md ^r CgHo$ {dH$mg na n‹S>Vm h¡& ¶{X nmg-n‹S>mog AÀN>m h¡, Iob H$m
gmW Am¡a {‘Ì AÀN>o h¢, Vmo ~mbH$ ‘| AÀN>r gm‘m{OH$Vm H$m {dH$mg hmoVm
h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV nmg-n‹S>mog Iam~ hmoZo go ~mbH$ ~war g§JV ‘| n‹S>H$a ~mb
AnamYr ~Z OmVo h¢&
10. gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU
à˶oH$ Xoe Am¡a g‘mO H$s AnZr EH$ g§ñH¥${V hmoVr h¡ {OgHo$ AZwê$n à˶oH$
n[adma AnZo ~mbH$m| H$m nmbZ-nmofU H$aVm h¡& AV… ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg
AnZr g§ñH¥${V Ho$ AZwê$n hmoVm h¡&
11. ewÕ dm¶w Ed§ àH$me
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nm¡pîQ>H$ ^moOZ Ho$ gmW-gmW ewÕ dm¶w ^r OrZo Ho$ {bE {ZVmÝV Amdí¶H$
h¡& ewÕ dm¶w a³V H$m ewÕrH$aU H$aVr h¡, {Oggo H$mo{eH$mAm| H$s H$m¶©j‘Vm
~Zr ahVr h¡ Am¡a eara ñdñW ahH$a gwMmê$ ê$n go H$m¶© H$aVm h¡, O¡go-
J«m‘rU n[adoe ‘| nbo ~mbH$m| H$m ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg ^bo hr Z hmo CZH$m emar[aH$
{dH$mg AÀN>m hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV eham| Ho$ V§J ‘H$mZ ‘|, Ohm± àmH¥${VH$
ewÕ dm¶w H$m {ZVmÝV A^md hmoVm h¡, dhm± ~mbH$m| H$m emar[aH$ {dH$mg ^br
àH$ma Zht hmo nmVm h¡&
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Bgr àH$ma ZoÌm| H$s Á¶mo{V H$mo ~Zm¶o aIZo Ho$ {bE ^r H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$
ñWmZm| ‘| n¶m©á àH$me H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& ¶{X àmH¥${VH$ àH$me ì¶dñWm
Z hmo Vmo H¥${Ì‘ àH$me ì¶dñWm hr n¶m©á hmoZr Mm{hE AݶWm ~mbH$m| H$s ZoÌ
Á¶mo{V à^m{dV hmoVr h¡&
2.10.1 ~mb {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo nm[adm[aH$ H$maH$
1. A{^^mdH$ A{^d¥{Îm¶m±
~mb {dH$mg ~hþV Hw$N> A{^^mdH$m| H$s A{^d¥{Îm¶m| go à^m{dV Am¡a {ZYm©[aV
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hmoVm h¡& H$‘ Am¶w dmbo A{^^mdH$ AnZo ~mbH$m| Ho$ à{V CÎmaXm{¶Îdm| H$m
{Zdm©h Cg àH$ma Am¡a CVZr AÀN>r Vah go Zht H$aVo h¢, {OVZm {H$ A{YH$
Am¶w dmbo A{^^mdH$ H$aVo h¢&
Hw$N> g§ajH$m§o ‘oo§ AnZo ~mbH$m| Ho$ à{V A{V-g§ajU H$s A{^d¥{Îm hmoVr
h¡& ¶{X ¶h A{^d¥{Îm A{^^mdH$m| ‘| A{YH$ {XZm| VH$ MbVr h¡, Vmo ~mbH$ ‘|
AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ {d{eîQ> bjU CËnÝZ hmo OmVo h¢, O¡go-~oM¡Zr, CÎmo{OV, erK«
naoemZ hmoZo H$s àd¥[Îm, ܶmZ bJmZo H$s H$‘ ¶mo½¶Vm, Xÿgam| na Am{lV hmoZm,
Xÿgam| go erK« à^m{dV hmoZm, AnZr ¶mo½¶VmAm| na {dídmg Z hmoZm Am{X&
Hw$N> A{^^mdH$ AnZo ~ÀMm| H$m {VañH$ma H$aZo dmbo hmoVo h¢& Bggo
~mbH$ ‘| AmH«$m‘H$Vm, {ZX©¶Vm, PyR> ~mobZo H$s àd¥{Îm, Hw$g‘m¶moOZ, g‘mO
{damoYr ì¶dhma, Aghm¶Vm H$r ^mdZm, Hw$ÊR>m VWm A{YH$ {XImdm H$aZo H$s
àd¥{Îm Am{X CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡&
Hw$N> A{^^mdH$ àm¶… H$R>moa ñd^md dmbo hmoVo h¢& A{^^mdH$m| Ho$
H$R>moa ñd^md Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$m| ‘| AZoH$ {d{eîQ> bjU CËnÝZ hmo gH$Vo h¢,
O¡go A{V g§doXZerbVm, A{YH$ e‘ubmnZ, hrZVm H$s ^mdZm, erK« ^«{‘V
hmoZm&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
2. n[adma H$s ^mdZm
AmOH$b {dH$mgerb Am¡a {dH${gV Xoem| ‘| ݶyp³b¶a n[adma A{YH$ bmoH${à¶
hmo aho h¢& BZ n[admam| ‘§o ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg AÀN>m hmoVm h¡& ~‹S>o n[admam| H$s
Anojm N>moQ>o n[admam| ‘| nmañn[aH$ gå~ÝY A{YH$ AÀN>o hmoVo h¢&
g‘mOempñ̶m| Ho$ AZwgma ‘ܶ‘ AmH$ma H$m n[adma gd©loîQ> hmoVm h¡&
Bg n[adma ‘| ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ A{V[a³V VrZ ¶m Mma ~ÀMo hmoVo h¢, nm[adm[aH$
Am¡a A{^^mdH$-~mbH$ gå~ÝYm| H$s ÑpîQ> go ¶h n[adma H$B© àH$ma go loîR>
hmoVm h¡& {Og n[adma ‘| EH$ hr ~mbH$ hmoVm h¡, dh AnZr Am¶w Ho$ Aݶ ~ÀMm|
H$s Anojm A{YH$ n[an³d hmoVm h¡& CgH$m n[adma Am¡a g‘yh ‘| gm‘m{OH$
g‘m¶moOZ AÀN>m hmoVm h¡& Cgo AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm go ñZoh ^r A{YH$ àmá
hmoVm h¡&
N>moQ>o n[admam| ‘| A{^^mdH$ AnZo ~ÀMm| Ho$ gmW A{YH$ g‘¶ XoVo h¢&
~ÀMm| H$mo g‘mZ Am¡a A{YH$ gw{dYmE± {‘bZo H$s gå^mdZm hmoVr h¡& EH$ ~‹S>m
n[adma {Og‘| 6 ¶m A{YH$ ~ÀMo hmoVo h¢, Cg‘| ~ÀMm| H$mo A{YH$ gw{dYmE±
Xo nmZm H${R>Z hmoVm h¡& CZ na {Z¶ÝÌU H$aZm ^r EH$ H${R>Z H$m¶© hmoVm h¡&
~hþYm Bg àH$ma Ho$ n[adma gw{Z¶mo{OV Zht hþAm H$aVo h¢& AV… Eogo n[admam|
‘| ~mb-{dH$mg ‘| {d{dYVm A{YH$ XoIZo H$mo {‘bVr h¡&
3. Qy>Q>o n[adma
O~ n[adma ‘| {H$gr ì¶p³V H$s ‘¥Ë¶w, VbmH$ ¶m n[adma Ho$ ~‹So$-~y‹T>o AWdm
{nVm A{YH$ {XZm| Ho$ {bE n[adma go ~mha ahVo h¢, Vmo BZ AdñWmAm| ‘| Mb
aho n[adma Qy>Q>o n[adma H$hbmVo h¢& Eogo n[admam| ‘| Am{W©H$ g‘ñ¶mE± A{YH$
O{Q>b hmoVr h¢& ¶h ^r AdñWm hmo gH$Vr h¡ {H$ n[adma ‘| ‘m± Z hmo Am¡a ~ÀMm|
H$m nmbZ-nmofU {nVm H$mo H$aZm n‹S> ahm hmo AWdm {nVm Z hmo Am¡a ~ÀMm| H$m
nmbZ-nmofU ‘m± H$mo AHo$bo hr H$aZm n‹S> ahm hmo& BZ g^r n[apñW{V¶m| H$m
~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg na A˶{YH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&
4. ‘mVm-{nVm H$m ì¶dgm¶
~mb {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm ¶h EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© H$maH$ h¡& {nVm Ho$
ì¶dgm¶ H$m n[adma Ho$ ~ÀMm| go à˶j gå~ÝY h¡& A{YH$ Am¶w Ho$ ~ÀMm| H$s
gm‘m{OH$ à{VîR>m ~hþV Hw$N> {nVm Ho$ ì¶dgm¶ go {ZYm©[aV hmoVr h¡& Omo ~mbH$
AnZo {nVm Ho$ ì¶dgm¶ H$mo ~VmZo ‘| e‘© H$m AZw^d H$aVo h¢, CZ ~ÀMm| ‘|
{nVm Ho$ à{V {dnarV A{^d¥{Îm¶m± {Z{‘©V hmoVr h¢& ‘m± H$m ì¶dgm¶ ^r ~mbH$m|
Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo ‘hÎdnyU© T>§J go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& ¶{X ‘m± {H$gr ì¶dgm¶ ‘|
hmoVr h¡, Vmo N>moQ>o ~ÀMm| H$mo AHo$bo ahZm n‹S>Vm h¡, {Oggo CZ‘| AHo$bonZ Am¡a
AàgÝZVm H$s ^mdZmE± CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡&
5. n[adma H$m gm‘m{OH$ Am{W©H$ ñVa
~mb-{dH$mg H$mo n[adma H$m gm‘m{OH$ Am{W©H$ ñVa H$maH$ ^r ‘hÎdnyU© T>§J
go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& ‘ܶ‘ loUr n[adma Ho$ ~ÀMm| go ¶h Amem H$s OmVr
h¡ {H$ dh gm‘m{OH$ AZwê$nVm ñWm{nV H$a|Jo AWm©V² ~ÀMo g‘mO Ho$ {Z¶‘m|
‘yë¶m| Am¡a ì¶dhma n«{V‘mZm| Ho$ AZwgma ì¶dhma H$a|Jo& dh H$moB© Eogm H$m¶© Z
H$a|, {Ogo {H$ n[adma H$s ~XZm‘r ¶m AmbmoMZm hmo& O~ ~mbH$m| Ho$ n[adma H$m
gm‘m{OH$ Am{W©H$ ñVa CZHo$ {‘Ìm| Ho$ n[admamo§ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ Am{W©H$ ñVa go
{ZåZ hmoVm h¡, V~ ~mbH$ hrZ ^mdZm ‘hgyg H$a gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a ¶{X ~mbH$
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
Ho$ n[adma H$m gm‘m{OH$ Am{W©H$ ñVa CÀM h¡, Vmo ~mbH$ AnZo n[adma, ‘mVm
Am¡a {nVm na Jd© H$m AZw^d H$aVm h¡& ¶h hrZ ^mdZm Am¡a Jd© Ho$ AZw^d
^r ~mb-{dH$mg H$mo ‘hÎdnyU© T>§J go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡&
6. A{^^mdH$m| H$m njnmV
A{YH$m§e A{^^mdH$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW g‘mZVm H$m ì¶dhma Zht H$a nmVo h¢&
EZ. ~obo Zo AnZo EH$ Aܶ¶Z ‘| XoIm {H$ ‘m± AnZo ~oQ>o H$m ~o{Q>¶m| H$s Anojm
A{YH$ nj boVr h¡ VWm {nVm AnZr ~oQ>r H$m ~oQ>m| H$s Anojm A{YH$ nj boVm
h¡& BgHo$ A{V[a³V nhbo ~ÀMo H$mo ^r ‘m± A{YH$ ñZoh H$aVr h¡ Am¡a A{YH$
nj boVr h¡& BgHo$ Abmdm ‘mVm-{nVm Cg ~ÀMo H$m ^r nj boVo h¢, Omo
{Z¶{‘V ê$n go ñHy$b OmVm h¡, {OgH$s AÀN>r AmXV| hmoVr h¢ ¶m Omo n[adma
‘| A{YH$ bmoH${චhmoVm h¡& O~ ‘mVm-{nVm AnZo H$B© ~ÀMm| ‘| go Ho$db EH$
¶m Hw$N> H$m nj boVo h¢ VWm Aݶ H$m Zht, Vmo Bg AdñWm H$m ~mb-{dH$mg
na ZH$mamË‘H$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&
7. OÝ‘ H«$‘
~mb {dH$mg na ~mbH$ Ho$ OÝ‘-MH«$ H$m ^r à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& Aܶ¶Zm| ‘| ¶h
XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ ‘mVm-{nVm nhbo ~mbH$ Ho$ à{V AÀN>r A{^d¥{Îm hr Zht aIVo
h¢, ~pëH$ nhbo ~mbH$ H$mo dar¶Vm A{YH$ XoVo h¢& nhbo ~mbH$ ‘| n[an³dVm,
AZwê$nVm Am¡a Am{lVVm A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& nhbo ~mbH$ Ho$ ~mX Omo ~mbH$ hmoVo
h¢, CZHo$ gmW ^r ‘mVm-{nVm H$m ì¶dhma AÀN>m hmoVm h¡, bo{H$Z ~mX Ho$ ~ÀMo
nhbo ~ÀMo H$s Anojm AnZo AmnH$mo {VañH¥$V g‘PVo h¢& Bggo ~mX Ho$ ~ÀMm|
Ho$ {dH$mg na à{VHy$b à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&
2.10.2 ~mb {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo {dÚmb¶
gå~ÝYr H$maH$
ñHy$b {ejm H$m ‘hÎdnyU© loîR> Am¡a g{H«$¶ gmYZ h¡& ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd
{dH$mg ‘| ñHy$b H$s ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m h¡& 5-6 df© H$s AdñWm ‘| O~ ~mbH$
{dÚmb¶ ‘| àdoe boVm h¡, Vmo CgH$s AÝV…{H«$¶mAm| H$m Xm¶am ~‹T> OmVm h¡&
{dÚmb¶ Ho$ {‘Ìm| Am¡a AܶmnH$m| Ho$ gmW CgH$s AÝV-{H«$¶mE± àmaå^ hmo
OmVr h¡& bJ^J 7 df© H$s AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ H$s ¶h AÝV…{H«$¶mE± A{YH$ ~‹T>Zo
bJ OmVr h¡& 11-12 df© H$s AdñWm VH$ CgH$s {dÚmb¶ go gå~pÝYV
AÝV…{H«$¶mE± n[adma H$s Anojm A{YH$ hmo OmVr h¡&
1. Zg©ar ñHy$b Am¡a ~mb {dH$mg
Zg©ar ñHy$b Ho$ ~ÀMm| na {H$¶o J¶o Aܶ¶Zm| go ¶h ñnîQ> hþAm h¡ {H$ Zg©ar
ñHy$b Ho$ dh ~ÀMo {OZHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm H$m g‘m¶moOZ AÀN>m hmoVm h¡, ñHy$b
‘| Eogo ~ÀMm| H$m g‘m¶moOZ ^r AÀN>m hmoVm h¡& BZ ~ÀMm| Ho$ XmoñV OëXr
~Z OmVo h¢& ¶o ~ÀMo ñHy$b Ho$ H$m¶m] ‘| ^r Aݶ g‘m¶mo{OV ~ÀMm| H$s Anojm
A{YH$ AÀN>o hmoVo h¢& ¶o {‘ÌdV² hmoVo h¢, Aݶ gmWr ~ÀMm| ‘| bmoH${චhmoVo
h¢, ‘m¡{bH$Vm Am¡a {Z‘m©UerbVm Ho$ JwU A{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘| hmoVo h¢, BZ‘| ~m¡{ÕH$
{Okmgm ^r Aݶ ~ÀMm| H$s Anojm H$‘ ‘mÌm ‘| hmoVr h¡&
2. àmB‘ar {dÚmb¶ Am¡a ~mb {dH$mg
Omo ~ÀMo àmW{‘H$ {dÚmb¶m| ‘| àdoe go nyd© Zg©ar ñHy$b ‘| {ejm J«hU H$a
MwHo$ hmoVo h¢, CÝh| Z¶o dmVmdaU ‘| g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo ‘| CVZr H${R>ZmB© Zht
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 19
hmoVr, {OVZr {H$ CZ ~mbH$m| H$s {OZH$m {dÚmb¶ ‘| nhbr ~ma àdoe hþAm
h¡& Bgr àH$ma {OZ ~ÀMm| H$mo AÀN>m nm[adm[aH$ dmVmdaU Am¡a à{ejU {‘bm
h¡ CZH$m {dÚmb¶ ‘| g‘m¶moOZ Aݶ ~ÀMm| H$s Anojm OëXr Am¡a AÀN>m hmo
OmVm h¡&
3. H$jm-H$j H$m dmVmdaU
H$jm Ho$ dmVmdaU H$m ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Ed§ A{YJ‘ na à^md n‹S>Vm
h¡& ¶{X H$jm-H$j H$m dmVmdaU, àOmVÝÌmË‘H$, gh¶moJnyU© h¡, Vmo {dÚmWu
‘| H$jm Ho$ Aݶ {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gmW {‘ÌdV² ì¶dhma Ed§ gh¶moJ H$s ^mdZm
{dH${gV hmoVr h¡& {OZ {dÚmb¶m| ‘| H$jm AܶmnH$ hr gd}gdm© hmoVm h¡,
H$jm-H$j H$m dmVmdaU {Za§Hw$edmXr H$hbmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ dmVmdaU ‘|
n‹T>Zo dmbo {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| {dÐmoh H$s àd¥{Îm, {ZpîH«$¶Vm H$s àd¥{Îm A{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘|
nm¶r OmVr h¡& Eogr H$jmAm| ‘| n‹T>Zo dmbo {dÚmWu AܶmnH$ H$s AZwnpñW{V ‘|
H$moB© aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶© Zht H$a nmVo h¢& CZ H$jmAm| ‘| Ohm± AܶmnH$ {dÚm{W©¶m|
H$mo nyar Ny>Q> XoVm h¡ Am¡a H$jm ‘| n‹T>Zo dmbo {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gwPmdm| H$mo ~hþV
A{YH$ ‘hÎd {X¶m OmVm h¡, CZ‘| {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| nañna Ûof H$m ^md nm¶m
OmVm h¡& BZ {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| aMZmË‘H$Vm H$m A^md nm¶m OmVm h¡&
4. AܶmnH$-{dÚmWu gå~ÝY
EH$ N>moQ>o ~ÀMo Ho$ {bE AܶmnH$ ‘m± H$m à{VñWm{nV ê$n h¡& Xÿgar Amoa Hw$N>
~‹S>o ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE {ejH$ dh d¶ñH$ ì¶p³V h¡, Omo AmXaUr¶ Am¡a àe§gm
nmZo dmbm h¡, {OgHo$ ì¶dhma H$m AZwH$aU H$aZm Mm{hE& AܶmnH$ H$s
A{^d¥{Îm¶m| Ho$ à{V {dÚmWu A˶{YH$ g§doXZerb hmoVo h¢& BZ g~ ~mVm| H$m
~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Am¡a A{YJ‘ na A˶{YH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&
EH$ AܶmnH$ ¶{X H$jm ‘o§ S>am-Y‘H$m H$a ¶m ‘ma-nrQ>H$a {ejm
XoVm h¡, Vmo H$jm Ho$ {dÚmWu ^r H$R>moa ñd^md dmbo hmo OmVo h¢&
O~ ~mbH$ {ZåZ dJ© go gå~pÝYV hmoVo h¢, Vmo ~mbH$m| Am¡a AܶmnH$m|
Ho$ ‘yë¶ ‘| ImB© hmoVr h¡& Eogm ~mbH$ ¶m Vmo {ejH$m| H$s Amkm H$m nmbZ Zht
H$aVm ¶m AmH«$m‘H$ ad¡¶m AnZmVm h¡ ¶m CXmgrZ hmo OmVm h¡ AWdm H$jm ‘|
AZwnpñWV ahVm h¡& Eogo {dÚmWu Yr‘r J{V go grIVo h¢&
5. {dÚmb¶ H$m AZwemgZ
{dÚmb¶ H$m AZwemgZ ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma Am¡a A{^d¥{Îm¶m| H$mo ‘hÎdnyU©
T>§J go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& O~ {dÚmb¶ ‘| AZwemgZ à^wËdmË‘H$ hmoVm h¡, Vmo
Eogo dmVmdaU CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡, O¡go- A{YH$ g§doXZerbVm, AÝV‘w©Ir
ì¶p³VËd, g§Xoh H$aZm, e‘ubmnZ, AbJ-AbJ Am¡a AHo$bm ahZo H$s àd¥{Îm
Am{X& O~ {dÚmb¶ ‘| AZwemgZ àOmVm§{ÌH$ àH$ma H$m hmoVm h¡, Vmo ~mbH$mo§
‘| àgÝZVm, gh¶moJ, AmË‘ ‘hÎd Am¡a {dídmg H$s ¶mo½¶Vm Am{X ì¶p³VÎd
{deofVmE± CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¢&
Hw$N> {dÚmWu Eogo hmoVo h¢, {OZH$s H$jm ‘| CnbpãY CZH$s ¶mo½¶VmAm|
H$mo XoIVo hþE AnojmH¥$V Hw$N> H$‘ hmoVr h¡& {dÚmWu H$s H$‘ e¡{jH$ CnbpãY
H$m H$maU n[adma, ñHy$b Am¡a {dÚmWu go ñd¶§ go gå~pÝYV hmo gH$Vm h¡& BZ
g~H$m à^md ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Am¡a A{YJ‘ na n‹S>Vm h¡&
EH$ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z ‘| ¶h XoIm J¶m {H$ àmW{‘H$ ñHy$b Ho$ AZw^dm|
Am¡a ~ÀMm| Ho$ ñd¶§ Ho$ à{V à˶jrH$aU ‘| K{ZîR> gå~ÝY h¡& Bg Aܶ¶Z
 n¥îR> 20 d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
‘| ¶h XoIm J¶m {H$ Omo ~ÀMo ¶h g‘PVo h¢ {H$ {ejH$ H$s ÑpîQ> ‘| dh AÀN>o
~ÀMo h¢& Eogo ~ÀMm| H$m ì¶dhma A{YH$ Cn¶w³V hmoVm h¡ VWm Eogo ~ÀMm| H$s
e¡{jH$ CnbpãY ^r AnojmH¥$V A{YH$ AÀN>r hmoVr h¡& ~ÀMm| H$mo gm‘m{OH$
VWm g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| ñHy$b Ho$ gmW g‘yh H$m à^md gdm©{YH$ n‹S>Vm h¡&
6. ñHy$b Am¡a M[aÌ
n[adma Ho$ ~mX {dÚmb¶ ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ Z¡{VH$ Am¡a Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg na
‘hÎdnyU© T>§J go à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& {dÚmb¶ Ho$ {ejH$, ghnmR>r Am¡a dmVmdaU
Am{X g^r Hw$N> ~mbH$ Ho$ Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg ‘| Hw$N> ¶moJXmZ Adí¶ XoVo h¢& EH$
{dÚmb¶ {Og H$m gm‘mݶ AZwemgZ Am¡a ì¶dñWm R>rH$ hmoVr h¡, dhm± n‹T>Zo
dmbo ~mbH$m| H$mo Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE gwÝXa dmVmdaU {‘bVm h¡&
7. ñHy$b Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg
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{dÚmb¶ ‘| {ejH$m| Am¡a ~mbH$m| Ho$ {‘Ì ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘|
¶moJXmZ XoVo h¢& {dÚmb¶ ‘| ~mbH$ H$mo AnZr Am¶w Ho$ AZoH$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW
~¡R>Zo Am¡a grIZo H$m Adga hr Zht {‘bVm h¡, ~pëH$ Cgo ~‹S>o ~ÀMm| Ho$
gm‘m{OH$ AZw^d gwZZo Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma H$mo XoIZo H$m Adga {‘bVm
h¡& ’$bñdê$n dh g‘mO Ho$ {d{^ÝZ ‘yë¶m| go gå~pÝYV ì¶dhma H$m A{YJ‘
H$aVm h¡& {dÚmb¶ ‘| dh gh¶moJ, {‘ÌVm, CÎmaXm{¶Îd Am¡a AmË‘{Z^©aVm
Am{X grIVm h¡&
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2.11 ‘mZd {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
‘mZd {dH$mg H$m joÌ A{V ì¶mnH$ h¡& Bg‘| emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, ^mfm¶r
g§doJmË‘H$, gm‘m{OH$, Mm[a{ÌH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$, Am{W©H$, AmܶmpË‘H$ Am{X
g^r àH$ma Ho$ njm| ‘| {dH$mg g‘m{hV hmoVm h¡, naÝVw {ejm ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘|
‘mZd Ho$ {deof ê$n go ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, ^mfm¶r, g§doJmË‘H$,
gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Mm[a{ÌH$ njm| Ho$ {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BZ njm|
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H$m g§jon ‘| dU©Z àñVwV h¡-
1. emar[aH$ {dH$mg
ì¶p³V Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m gå~ÝY CgHo$ eara Ho$ T>m±Mo, Zm‹S>r VÝÌ,
eara Ho$ Am§V[aH$ g§ñWmZ, O¡go- a³V g§Mma g§ñWmZ, nmMZ g§ñWmZ, Am{X
‘| ‘m±gno{e¶m| Am¡a AÝV… ñÌmdr J«pÝW¶m| ‘|o d¥{Õ go ~mbH$ ‘| g§doJmË‘H$
pñWaVm, Jm‘H$ j‘Vm Ed§ Aݶ n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢ Am¡a ¶o n[adV©Z ~mbH$ Ho$
ì¶dhma H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&
2. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg go VmËn¶© CgH$s ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm| Ed§ ¶mo½¶VmAm|
Ho$ {dH$mg go hmoVm h¡& BZHo$ AÝVJ©V ~w{Õ, g§doXZm, à˶jrH$aU, {ZarjU,
ê${M, ܶmZ, H$ënZm, {MÝVZ, VH©$, {ZU©¶, ñ‘¥{V, {dñ‘¥{V, Am{X ‘mZ{gH$
{H«$¶mAm| Ed§ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m {dH$mg AmVm h¡ Am¡a BZ {H«$¶mAm| Ed§ ¶mo½¶VmAm|
Ho$ {dH$mg go ‘mZd ì¶dhma à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&
3. ^mfm¶r {dH$mg
~mbH$ Ho$ ^mfm¶r {dH$mg go VmËn¶© h¡ CgHo$ ^mdm| Ed§ {dMmam| H$mo A{^춳V
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
H$aZo Ho$ {bE Omo ÜdݶmË‘H$ gmYZ CgHo$ nmg h¡, {Ogo ^mfm H$hVo h¢ CgH$m
{dH$mg& ~mbH$ H$s dmH²$ ep³V OÝ‘OmV hmoVr h¡, naÝVw ^mfm H$m {dH$mg
CgHo$ dmVmdaU go AÝV… {H«$¶m Ûmam hmoVm h¡& ^mfm {dH$mg H$m gå~ÝY gwZZo,
~mobZo, n‹T>Zo Am¡a {bIZo Ho$ ^mfm¶r H$m¡ebm| Ho$ {dH$mg go hmoVm h¡&
4. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg
~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJm| Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$hVo h¢& ~mbH$ ‘| ‘yb
àd¥{Îm¶m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$moB© g§doJ {N>nm hmoVm h¡- O¡go nbm¶Z Ho$ nrN>o ^¶& O~
¶o g§doJ ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma Ho$ ñWm¶r AmYma ~Z OmVo h¢, Vmo BÝh| ñWm¶r ^md
H$hm OmVm h¡& O¡go-O¡go ~mbH$ H$m emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡,
CgHo$ g§doJm| ‘| ^r {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
5. gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg
gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg go VmËn¶© ì¶p³V H$m g‘mO Ed§ CgH$s e¡br H$mo grIZo
Am¡a CgHo$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo go hmoVm h¡& ~mbH$ {Og g‘mO ‘| ahVm h¡
CgH$s ^mfm, ahZ-ghZ, ar{V-[admO, naånamE± Am{X H$mo grIZo ‘| Cgo
AnZo Amngo g‘m¶moOZ H$aZm hmoVm h¡& Omo ~mbH$ BZHo$ {bIZo Ed§ Aä¶mg
‘| AÀN>m g‘m¶moOZ H$a gH$Vm h¡ dh gm‘m{OH$ ê$n go A{YH$ {dH${gV
H$hbmVm h¡& g§jon ‘| gm‘m{OH$ n[apñW{V¶m| go g‘m¶moOZ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg
H$hbmVm h¡&
6. Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg
Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg go VmËn¶© h¡- gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Ym{‘©H$ {ZX}em| Ho$ AZwgma
AmMaU H$aZm& BgHo$ {bE ~mbH$ H$mo AnZo D$na {Z¶ÝÌU H$aZm hmoVm h¡& ¶h
{Z¶ÝÌU {OVZm Iy~gyaVr go ì¶p³V H$a gH$Vm h¡, dh CVZm hr Mm[a{ÌH$
ê$n go {dH${gV H$hbmVm h¡& gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| g‘mO Ho$ ar{V-[admOm|,
ahZ-ghZ, ^mfm, naånamAm| Am{X H$mo grIZm Am¡a à¶moJ H$aZm hmoVm h¡&
M[aÌ ‘| gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Ym{‘©H$ {Z¶‘m| Ho$ AZwgma, AmMaU H$aZm hmoVm h¡&
AV… XmoZm| ‘| AÝVa h¡&
2.12 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg H$m e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd
A{^d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$s OmZH$mar AܶmnH$ Am¡a A{^^mdH$ Ho$
{bE {ZåZmZwgma bm^àX hmo gH$Vr h¡-
1. {dH$mg EH$ gVV² à{H«$¶m h¡& AV… AܶmnH$ Ed§ A{^^mdH$m| H$mo
Mm{hE {H$ ~mbH$ Ho$ gånyU© {dH$mg Ho$ {bE Y¡¶©nyd©H$ gVV² à¶ËZ
H$aVo ah|&
2. ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ kmZ go AܶmnH$m| Ed§ A{^^mdH$m| Ho$
{dH$mg H$s à˶oH$ AdñWm ‘| à˶oH$ ~mbH$ H$mo CgH$s ñd¶§ H$s
j‘Vm, ¶mo½¶Vm Am¡a gr‘mAm| Ho$ AÝXa {dH$mg Ho$ {bE à¶ËZ H$aVo
ahZm Mm{hE&
3. {dH$mg H«$‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ûmam h‘| ¶h kmV hmo gH$Vm h¡ {H$ A‘wH$
~mbH$ H$s A‘wH$ AdñWm VH$ ³¶m {dH$mg hmoZm Mm{hE Am¡a BgHo$
AZwgma h‘ ~mbH$ Ho$ {bE n¶m©daUr¶ AZw^dm| H$m g§JR>Z H$a Cg
AdñWm VH$ H$s nyU©Vm àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE à¶mg H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg n¥îR> 21
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
4. gm‘mݶ go {d{eîQ> Ed§ g‘Ýd¶ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$m Cn¶moJ A{YJ‘
à{H«$¶mAm| Am¡a A{YJ‘ AZw^dm| H$s ¶moOZm Ed§ g§JR>Z H$aZo Ho$
Aä¶mgmW© àíZ
{bE H$a gH$Vo h¢ {Oggo ~mbH$ H$mo {dH$mg Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| A{YH$V‘
bm^ {‘b gHo$&
5. nañna gå~ÝY Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ kmZ go AܶmnH$ Ed§ A{^^mdH$ ¶h 1. {dH$mg H$m AW© h¡-
g‘P gH$Vo h¢ {H$ ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {H$gr EH$ nj Ho$ {dH$mg (1) n[adV©Zm| H$s CÎmamoÎma ûm¥§Ibm
H$s Amoa hr A{YH$ ܶmZ Zht XoZm h¡ daZ² gånyU© {dH$mg H$s Amoa (2) A{^àoaUm Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$s CÎmamoÎma ûm¥§Ibm
ܶmZ XoZm h¡ AݶWm EH$ hr nj Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ H$maU {dH$mg Ho$ (3) A{^àoaUm Ed§ AZw^d Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$s CÎmamoÎma
Aݶ nj à^m{dV hm|Jo& ûm¥§Ibm
6. MH«$mH$ma {dH$mg Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s OmZH$mar go AܶmnH$ Ed§ (4) n[an³dVm Ed§ AZw^d Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$s ûm¥§Ibm
A{^^mdH$ ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {H$gr ñVa VH$ CgHo$ g‘m¶moOZ
2. ‘mZd A{^d¥{Õ go VmËn¶© h¡-
Ho$ {bE n¶m©á dmVmdaU àXmZ H$a gH$Vo h¢&
(1) ‘mZd eara Ho$ AmH$ma, ^ma d H$m¶©ep³V¶m| ‘| d¥{Õ
7. {ZpíMV {Xem Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AmYma na AܶmnH$ Ed§ A{^^mdH$ (2) ‘mZd H$m kmZ ~‹T>Zm
~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE C{MV A{YJ‘ AZw^d Ed§ n¶m©daUr¶ AdñWmAm| (3) ì¶p³VËd H$m {dH$mg hmoZm
H$m g§MmbZ H$a gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a Cg {Xem ‘| {dH$mg ‘| d¥{Õ H$a (4) AmܶmpË‘H$ {dH$mg hmoZm
gH$Vo h¢&
8. d§eH«$‘ Ed§ n¶m©daU H$s A§V…{H«$¶m Ho$ {gÕmÝV go ~mbH$ H$s 3. d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg h¡-
gr‘mAm| H$s OmZH$mar àmá H$a gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a CZ gr‘mAm| ‘| (1) EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ {damoYr (2) EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ g‘mZ
A{YH$V‘ {dH$mg H$o {bE C{MV Ed§ n¶m©á n¶m©daUr¶ pñW{V¶m| (3) EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ nyaH$ (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
4. {dH$mg CËnmX h¡- ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$
(1) A{YJ‘ H$m H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU
************** àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr
(2) n[an³dVm H$m
(3) A{YJ‘ VWm n[an³dVm H$m h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s
AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AܶmnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB© H$a aho h¢ Vmo PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(4) Aä¶mg H$m
Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr H$jm Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| www.praganya.org
Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu 5. {dH$mg H$s [Xem hmoVr h¡- go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
{‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|& (1) {ZpíMV
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UPTET - 95301 43210 (3) {ZpíMV d A{ZpíMV XmoZm| àH$ma H$s
MP Samvida - 95302 43210
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
BTET - 95302 43210
UTET - 72209 29294 6. d¥{Õ Ho$ ~mao ‘| ³¶m ghr Zht h¡?
JTET - 72209 29239
(1) A{^d¥{Õ emar[aH$ hmoVr h¡&
HTET - 72209 29266
CGTET - 72209 28969
(2) A{^d¥{Õ ‘mÌmË‘H$ hmoVr h¡&
HPTET - 72209 28535 (3) A{^d¥{Õ ‘mnZr¶ hmoVr h¡&
(4) A{^d¥{Õ OrdZn¶©ÝV MbZo dmbr à{H«$¶m h¡&
AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$ nong©, ‘m°S>b 7. {dH$mg Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ g˶ Zht h¡?
nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go ‘mJ©Xe©Z {H$¶m OmEJm, (1) {dH$mg H$s à˶oH$ AdñWm Ho$ AnZo IVao h¡&
Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm àmá H$a gH|$& (2) {dH$mg CH$gmZo/~‹T>mdm XoZo go Zht hmoVm h¡&
(3) {dH$mg gm§ñH¥${VH$ n[adV©Zm| go à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&
(4) {dH$mg H$s à˶oH$ AdñWm H$s AnZr {deofVmE± hmoVr h¡&

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
(3) (1) (3) (3) (1) (4) (2)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 22 d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg àJʶ
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8. {ZåZ ‘o§ go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ {dH$mg Ho$ ~mao ‘| g˶ Zht h¡? 17. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$maH$ ~mb {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV Zht H$aVm
(1) {dH$mg AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m ’$b h¡& h¡?
(2) {dH$mg EH$ ì¶dpñWV ûm¥§Ibm H$m AZwJm‘r h¡& (1) g§ñH¥${V (2) àOm{V
(3) {dH$mg EH$ ì¶p³VJV à{H«$¶m h¡& (3) d¥{Õ (4) CnbpãY
(4) {dH$mg {d{eîQ> go gm‘mݶ H$s Amoa hmoVm h¡&
18. ‘mZd {dH$mg H$s {H$g AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMm| Ho$ grIZo H$s J{V gdm©{YH$
9. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm/go n[adV©Z ~mbH$m| H$s A[^d¥{Õ H$mo hmoVr h¡?
Xem©Vm h¡/h¢? (1) ~më¶mdñWm (2) e¡edmdñWm
(1) ~mbH$ Ho$ eara H$s bå~mB© ‘| n[adV©Z (3) àm¡‹T>mdñWm (4) {H$emoamdñWm
(2) ~mbH$ H$s ApñW¶m| Ho$ AmH$ma Ed§ ‘mÌm ‘|$ n[adV©Z
(3) ~mbH$ Ho$ Hw$b emar[aH$ ^ma ‘| n[adV©Z 19. ‘mZd H$m {dH$mg {ZåZ ‘§o go {H$g na {Z^©a hmoVm h¡?
(4) Cnamo³V g^r (1) CgH$s d¥{Õ na
(2) CgHo$ dmVmdaU na

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10. {dH$mg Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| H$m¡Zgm H$WZ ghr h¡? (3) CgH$s ~w{Õ na
(1) {dH$mg ‘| A{^d¥{Õ {Z{hV ahVr h¡& (4) CgH$s d¥{Õ VWm dmVmdaU go {‘bZo dmbr n[an³dVm na
(2) {dH$mg gVV² n[adV©Z H$s à{H«$¶m h¡&
(3) {dH$mg ‘| g^r n[adV©Z {ZíM¶mË‘H$ hmoVo h¢& 20. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMo AnZo g‘d¶ñH$ g‘yh Ho$
(4) {dH$mg EH$ OrdZn¶©ÝV MbZo dmbr à{H«$¶m h¡& g{H«$¶ gXñ¶ hmo OmVo h¢?
ghr {dH$ën MwZ|- (1) {H$emoamdñWm (2) àm¡‹T>mdñWm
(1) Ho$db 1 ghr h¡ (2) Ho$db 2 ghr h¡ (3) nyd© ~më¶mdñWm (4) ~më¶mdñWm
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 ghr h¢ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r ghr h¡
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21. g§H$ënZmAm| H$s ì¶dpñWV àñVw{V {dH$mg Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV {H$g

11. ‘mZdr¶ ‘yë¶m| Omo àH¥${V ‘| gmd©{ÌH$ h¡, Ho$ {dH$mg H$m AW© h¢? {gÕmÝV Ho$ gmW gå~pÝYV hmo gH$Vr h¡?
(1) ‘VmamonU (2) A§JrH$aU (1) {dÚmWu {^ÝZ Xam| na {dH${gV hmoVo h¢&
(3) AZwH$aU (4) A{^ì¶p³V (2) {dH$mg gmnoj ê$n go H«${‘H$ hmoVm h¡&
(3) {dH$mg Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡&
12. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gH$m à^md ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg na n‹S>Vm h¡? (4) {dH$mg {df‘OmVr¶Vm go ñdm¶ÎmVm H$s Amoa AJ«ga hmoVm h¡&
(1) n[adma (2) g‘mO
(3) {dÚmb¶ (4) ¶o g^r 22. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {dH$mg H$m {gÕmÝV h¡?
(1) {dH$mg H$s g^r à{H«$¶mE± AÝV…gå~pÝYV Zht h¡&
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13. ‘mZd {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm/dmbo ‘w»¶ H$maH$ h¡/h¢- (2) g^r H$s {dH$mg Xa g‘mZ Zht hmoVr h¡&
(1) d§emZwH«$‘ (2) n¶m©daU (3) {dH$mg h‘oem aoIr¶ hmoVm h¡&
(3) d§emZwH«$‘ d n¶m©daU (4) BZ‘o§ go H$moB© Zht (4) ¶h {ZaÝVa MbZo dmbr à{H«$¶m Zht h¡&
14. {dH$mg Ho$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ {H$gZo {H$¶m? 23. d¥{Õ eãX H$m à¶moJ .......... n[adV©Zm| Ho$ {bE VWm {dH$mg H$m
(1) Ooåg S´>oda (2) am°~Q>© [aMS>©gZ gr¶g© à¶moJ .......... n[adV©Zm| Ho$ gmW-gmW .......... n[adV©Zm| Ho$ {bE
(3) ³bmH©$ hb (4) ‘¡³Sy>Jb
^r hmoVm h¡&
15. gmW©H$ A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m {dH$mg H$s {H$g AdñWm go Amaå^ hmoVr (1) ì¶mdhm[aH$, ì¶mdhm[aH$, n[a‘mUmË‘H$
h¡? (2) ì¶mdhm[aH$, n[a‘mUmË‘H$, ì¶mdhm[aH$
(1) {H$emoamdñWm go (2) d¶ñH$mdñWm go (3) n[a‘mUmË‘H$, n[a‘mUmË‘H$, ì¶mdhm[aH$
(3) e¡edmdñWm go (4) ~më¶mdñWm go (4) n[a‘mUmË‘H$, ì¶mdhm[aH$, n[a‘mUmË‘H$

16. {H$g AdñWm ‘| K{ZîR> {‘ÌVm H$s àd¥{Îm nmB© OmVr h¡? 24. ‘mZd {dH$mg H$s {H$g AdñWm Ho$ ~mX ì¶p³V n[an³d hmo OmVm h¡?
(1) {H$emoamdñWm ‘| (2) ~më¶mdñWm ‘| (1) ~më¶mdñWm (2) e¡edmdñWm
(3) e¡edmdñWm ‘| (4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) àm¡‹T>mdñWm (4) {H$emoamdñWm

8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
(4) (4) (4) (2) (4) (3) (2) (3) (1) (4) (2) (4) (1) (2) (2) (3) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg n¥îR> 23
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
25. {ejU H$s {d{^ÝZ {d{Y¶m| Ho$ à¶moJ Ho$ {bE H$m¡Zgr AdñWm gdm©{YH$ 33. {H$emoamdñWm H${R>Z H$mb H$hm OmVm h¡$-
Cn¶w³V h¡? (1) emar[aH$ {dH$mg ‘| Vrd«Vm Ho$ H$maU
(1) ~më¶mdñWm (2) e¡edmdñWm (2) ‘yë¶m|, AmXem] d g§doJm| ‘| g§Kf© Ho$ H$maU
(3) àm¡‹T>mdñWm (4) {H$emoamdñWm (3) AmdoJm| d g§doJm| ‘| n[adV©Z Ho$ H$maU
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
26. ‘¢ H$m¡Z hÿ±, ‘¢ ³¶m hÿ±, ‘¢ ^r Hw$N> hÿ±, Am{X O¡gr à~b ^mdZmE±, ~mbH$
Ho$ {dH$mg H$s {H$g AdñWm H$s gyMH$ hmoVr h¡? 34. {H$emoamdñWm H$s ‘w»¶ {deofVm h¡-
(1) {H$emoamdñWm (2) e¡edmdñWm (1) H$m‘ ep³V H$s n[an³dVm
(3) àm¡‹T>mdñWm (4) ~më¶mdñWm (2) ñdVÝÌVm d {dÐmoh H$s ^mdZm
(3) OrdZ Xe©Z H$m {Z‘m©U
27. EH$ 13 dfu¶ ~mbH$ ~mV-~mV ‘| AnZo ~‹S>m| go PJ‹S>m H$aZo bJVm (4) Cnamo³V g^r
h¡ Am¡a h‘oem ñd¶§ H$mo ghr gm{~V H$aZo H$s H$mo{ee H$aVm h¡& dh
{dH$mg H$s {H$g AdñWm ‘| h¡? 35. {H$emoamdñWm Ho$ {dH$mg H$m/Ho$ {gÕmÝV h¡/h¢-
(1) àmapå^H$ ~më¶mdñWm (1) Ëd[aV {dH$mg H$m {gÕmÝV
(2) {H$emoamdñWm (2) H«$‘e… {dH$mg H$m {gÕmÝV
(3) ¶wdmdñWm (3) Cnamo³V XmoZm|
(4) ~më¶mdñWm (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

28. am°g Ho$ AZwgma e¡edmdñWm ‘mZr OmVr h¡- 36. {dH$mgmË‘H$ H$m¶© H$m à˶¶ {X¶m h¡?
(1) 1 go 3 df© (2) 1 go 5 df© (1) Mmëg© S>m{d©Z Zo (2) S>mëQ>Z Zo
(3) 1 go 4 df© (4) 1 go 6 df© (3) ’«$m¶S> Zo (4) hoqdJhñQ>© Zo

29. {ejm H$s X¥pîQ> go ‘mZd {dH$mg H$s H$m¡Zgr AdñWmE± ‘hÎdnyU© h¢? 37. {H$emoamdñWm H$m Amaå^ hmoVm h¡-
(1) e¡edmdñWm, ~më¶mdñWm, {H$emoamdñWm (1) 8 df© H$s Am¶w go (2) 11 df© H$s Am¶w go
(2) ~më¶mdñWm, {H$emoamdñWm, d¶ñH$mdñWm (3) 12 df© H$s Am¶w go (4) 16 df© H$s Am¶w go
(3) {g’©$ {H$emoamdñWm 38. {H$emoamdñWm H$s Mm[a{ÌH$ {deofVm h¡-
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (1) g‘m¶moOZ H$m A^md
30. {H$g AdñWm Ho$ àW‘ 6 dfm] ‘| ~mbH$ ~mX Ho$ 12 dfm] go A{YH$ (2) ‘mZd Y‘© H$m ‘hÎd
(3) g§ñH¥${V d gä¶Vm H$m g§ajU
grI boVm h¡? ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m (4) Cnamo³V g^r
(1) e¡edmdñWm h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
(2) ~më¶mdñWm àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
39. e¡edmdñWm ‘| g§M¶rH$mb {H$go H$hVo h¢?
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(3) {H$emoamdñWm na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF (1) OÝ‘ go 3 df© (2) 1 go 3 df©
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
(3) 2 go 5 df© (4) 3 go 6 df©
31. e¡edmdñWm ‘| {eew H$mo {ZåZ àH$ma {ejm Xr OmZr Mm{hE- 40. {H$emoam| H$s ê${M ‘| ñWm{¶Ëd {H$g H$mb ‘| AmVm h¡?
(1) AmË‘ àXe©Z Ho$ Adga (1) 12-14 df© (2) 13-15 df©
(2) {MÌm| d H$hm{Z¶m| Ûmam {ejm (3) 14-16 df© (4) 16-18 df©
(3) {d{^ÝZ A§Jm| H$s {ejm
(4) Cnamo³V g^r 41. e¡edmdñWm H$r {deofVm Zht h¡-
(1) emar[aH$ {dH$mg ‘| Vrd«Vm
32. ñQ>oZbo hm°b Zo {H$g AdñWm H$mo ~‹S>o g§Kf©, VZmd d Vy’$mZ H$s (2) Xÿgam| na {Z^©aVm
AdñWm H$hm h¡? (3) ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘§o Vrd«Vm
(1) J^m©dñWm (2) e¡edmdñWm (4) Z¡{VH$Vm H$m hmoZm
(3) ~më¶mdñWm (4) {H$emoamdñWm

25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41.
(1) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) (4) (4) (4) (4) (3) (4) (2) (4) (1) (4) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 24 d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
42. ~MnZ Ho$ gmåà{VH$ X¥pîQ>H$moU H$s ‘mݶVm h¡- 50. {dH$mg Ho$ n[aàoú¶ ‘| g‘¶ Ho$ gmW hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| ‘| {ZåZ ‘|
(1) ~hþV VarHo$ go ~ÀMo àmßVd¶ñH$m| Ho$ ~am~a hmoVo h¢& go ³¶m em{‘b h¡?
(2) ~ÀMm| H$mo ¶wdm àmßVd¶ñH$m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| g~go AÀN>m ‘mZm OmVm h¡& (1) ê$n (2) Xa
(3) ~MnZ AmYm[aV ê$n go àVrjm Ad{Y h¡& (3) AZwH«$‘ (4) BZ‘| go g^r
(4) ~MnZ d¥{Õ Ed§ n[adV©Z H$s EH$ AZyR>r Ad{Y h¡&
51. {ZMbr H$jmAm| ‘| {ejU H$s Iob nÕ{V ‘ybê$n go AmYm[aV h¡-
43. {ejm ‘Zwî¶ H$s OÝ‘OmV ep³V¶m| H$m ñdm^m{dH$, g‘ag d (1) emar[aH$ {ejm H$m¶©H«$‘m| Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| na
àJ{Verb {dH$mg h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡- (2) {ejU-nÕ{V¶m|$ Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| na
(1) ßboQ>mo H$m (3) {dH$mg Ed§ d¥{Õ Ho$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {gÕmÝVm| na
(2) ê$gmo H$m (4) {ejU Ho$ g‘mOemñÌr {gÕmÝVm| na
(3) AañVy H$m
(4) noñQ>mbm°Or H$m 52. ~mb {dH$mg H$m H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h ~VmVm h¡ {H$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg
H$s ÑpîQ> go {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ g§doJmË‘H$, gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg

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44. ‘mZd H$s A{^d¥{Õ EH$ {ZpíMV Am¶w VH$ hmoVr h¡& ¶h ‘mZr OmVr h¡- ‘| ^r CVZo hr nrN>o ah OmVo h¢?
(1) 10 df© VH$ (2) 18 df© VH$ (1) nañna gå~ÝY H$m {gÕmÝV
(3) 40 df© VH$ (4) 60 df© VH$ (2) {dH$mg H«$‘ H$s EH$ê$nVm H$m {gÕmÝV
(3) EH$sH$aU H$m {gÕmÝV
45. ~ÀMo Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$mo g‘PZm {ejH$ H$s ghm¶Vm H$aVm h¡- (4) {dH$mg H$s {Xem H$m {gÕmÝV
(1) {ejmWu H$s Am{W©H$ n¥îR>^y{‘ H$mo nhMmZZo ‘|
(2) {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo ³¶m| n‹T>mZm Mm{hE, ¶h Am¡{M˶ ñWm{nV H$aZo ‘| 53. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm
(3) {ejm{W©¶m| H$s {^ÝZ A{YJ‘-e¡{b¶m| H$mo à^mdr ê$n go gå~mo{YV AmÝV[aH$ H$maH$ h¡?
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H$aZo ‘| 1. ~w{Õ 2. emar[aH$ H$maU 3. AmZwd§{eH$ JwU

(4) {ejmWu Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ ñVa H$mo nhMmZZo ‘| (1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 2
(3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r
46. {dH$mg H$^r Z g‘má hmoZo dmbr à{H«$¶m h¡& ¶h {dMma {H$ggo
gå~pÝYV h¡? 54. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm
(1) AÝV…gå~ÝY H$m {gÕmÝV ~mø H$maH$ h¡?
(2) {ZaÝVaVm H$m {gÕmÝV 1. Am{W©H$ pñW{V 2. gm‘m{OH$ pñW{V 3. OrdZ H$s KQ>ZmE±
(3) EH$sH$aU H$m {gÕmÝV (1) 1 Ed§ 2 (2) 2 Ed§ 3
(4) AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m {gÕmÝV (3) 1 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r
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47. ‘mZd {dH$mg Hw$N> {deof {gÕmÝVm| na AmYm[aV h¡& {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| 55. ~mb {dH$mg H$m {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h ~VmVm h¡ {H$
go H$m¡Zgm ‘mZd {dH$mg H$m {gÕmÝV Zht h¡? bJ^J g^r ~mbH$m| Ho$ J˶mË‘H$ Am¡a ^mfm¶r {dH$mg ‘| EH$ {ZpíMV
(1) AmZwH«${‘H$Vm (2) gm‘mݶ go [d{eîQ> à{V‘mZ Am¡a H«$‘ {XImB© n‹S>Vm h¡?
(3) à{VdVu (4) {ZaÝVaVm (1) {ZaÝVaVm H$m {gÕmÝV
48. {dH$mg Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| ‘¡³Sy>Jb Zo- (2) {dH$mg H«$‘ H$s EH$ê$nVm H$m {gÕmÝV
(1) ì¶p³VËd H$m {díbofU {H$¶m& (3) EH$sH$aU H$m {gÕmÝV
(2) ‘yb àd¥Ë¶mË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$m {díbofU {H$¶m& (4) {dH$mg H$s {Xem H$m {gÕmÝV
(3) ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m {díbofU {H$¶m& 56. ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡-
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht (1) ~mbH$ Ho$ OÝ‘ go boH$a ~më¶mdñWm VH$ H$m
49. OÝ‘ go nyd©H$mb ‘| {H$VZr AdñWmE± hmoVr h¢? (2) ~mbH$ Ho$ OÝ‘ Ho$ nyd© J^m©dñWm go boH$a {H$emoamdñWm VH$ H$m
(1) 2 (2) 3 (3) ~mbH$ Ho$ OÝ‘ go boH$a àm¡‹T>mdñWm VH$ H$m
(3) 4 (4) 5 (4) ~mbH$ H$o OÝ‘ go boH$a ¶wdmdñWm VH$ H$m

42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56.
(4) (4) (2) (3) (2) (3) (2) (2) (4) (3) (1) (4) (4) (2) (2)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
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¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
57. ~mb {dH$mg H$m H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h ~VmVm h¡ {H$ {OZ ~ÀMm| ‘| 63. {deof Ad{Y Ho$ Xm¡amZ, {dH$mg àJ{V H$aVm h¡, bo{H$Z Ad{Y ‘|
Am¡gV go A{YH$ d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡, do emar[aH$, gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ g§doJmË‘H$ g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ {bE {dam‘ H$aVm h¡& ¶h {dam‘ Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV {H$g
{dH$mg ‘| ^r H$m’$s AmJo ~‹T>o hþE nmE OmVo h¢? {Z¶‘ H$mo AZwg[aV H$aVm h¡?
(1) nañna gå~ÝY H$m {gÕmÝV (1) g‘Ýd¶ H$m {gÕmÝV
(2) {dH$mg H«$‘ H$s EH$ê$nVm H$m {gÕmÝV (2) {ZaÝVaVm H$m {gÕmÝV
(3) EH$sH$aU H$m {gÕmÝV (3) MH«$mH$ma àJ{V H$m {gÕmÝV
(4) {dH$mg H$s {Xem H$m {gÕmÝV (4) g‘mZ-à{V‘mZ H$m {gÕmÝV

58. ~mb {dH$mg H$m {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h ~VmVm h¡ {H$ 64. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ~mb {dH$mg ‘| dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr H$maH$m|
~mbH$ g~go nhbo AnZo {ga Am¡a ^wOmAm| H$s J{V na {Z¶ÝÌU H$aZm H$mo hr ‘hÎd XoVm h¡?
grIVm h¡ Am¡a CgH$o ~mX {’$a AnZo n¡am| na? (1) {dH$mg H«$‘ H$s EH$ê$nVm H$m {gÕmÝV
(1) {dH$mg H«$‘ H$s EH$ê$nVm H$m {gÕmÝV (2) gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘ H$m {gÕmÝV
(2) nañna gå~ÝY H$m {gÕmÝV (3) {ZaÝVaVm H$m {gÕmÝV
(3) {dH$mg H$s {Xem H$m {gÕmÝV (4) nañna gå~ÝY H$m {gÕmÝV
(4) EH$sH$aU H$m {gÕmÝV
65. {ZåZ ‘| go {H$gZo gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ {H$¶m Wm?
59. ~mb {dH$mg H$m H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h ~VmVm h¡ {H$ EH$ ~mbH$ nhbo (1) S>mobmS>© (2) {‘ba
nyao hmW H$mo, {’$a A±Jw{b¶m| H$mo Am¡a {’$a hmW Am¡a A±Jw{b¶m| H$mo EH$ (3) {n¶mOo (4) d¡ÊSw>am Am¡a dmëQ>g©
gmW MbmZm grIVm h¡?
66. {H$emoamdñWm dh AdñWm h¡, {OgHo$ Ûmam EH$ {dH$mg‘mZ ì¶p³VËd
(1) nañna gå~ÝY (2) gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘
(3) EH$sH$aU (4) {ZaÝVaVm
~më¶mdñWm go| àm¡‹T>mdñWm VH$ nhþ±MVm h¡& ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡?
(1) OaerëS> (2) H$ma‘mBHo$b
60. ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ AmYma na {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go (3) {Ho$bn¡{Q´>H$ (4) hÝQ>
H$m¡Zgm/H$m¡Zgo H$WZ g˶ h¡/h¢?
67. {H$emoa àm¡‹T>m| H$mo AnZo ‘mJ© ‘§o ~mYm g‘PVm h¡, Omo Cgo AnZr
1. {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m H«$‘~Õ ê$n go AmJo ~‹T>Vr h¡&
2. {dH$mg Yrao-Yrao Ed§ {ZpíMV g‘¶ na hmoVm h¡&
ñdVÝÌVm H$m bú¶ àmßV H$aZo go amoH$Vo h¢& ¶h {H$gZo H$hm h¡?
(1) H$m°bg{ZH$ (2) S´>oda
3. EH$ hr Om{V {deof Ho$ g^r gXñ¶m| ‘| {dH$mg H$s Hw$N> g‘mZ {deofVmE±
(3) ñQ>oZbo hm°b (4) {~½Jr
{XImB© n‹S>Vr h¡&
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 3 68. ¶m¡Z, ¶{X g‘ñV OrdZ H$m Zht, Vmo {H$emoamdñWm H$m Adí¶ hr ‘yb
(3) Ho$db 2 (4) ¶o g^r
VÎd h¡& ¶h {H$gZo H$hm h¡?
61. ~mb {dH$mg H$m {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h ~VmVm h¡ {H$ (1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ (2) pñH$Za
(3) h¡S>mo H$‘oQ>r [anmoQ>© (4) am°g
~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg CZH$s d¡¶p³VH$Vm Ho$ AZwê$n hmoVm h¡?
(1) d¡¶p³VH$ AÝVa H$m {gÕmÝV 69. O~ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMo CZHo$ {dnarV {deofVmAm| dmbo {dH${gV hmoVo
(2) {ZaÝVaVm H$m {gÕmÝV h¢, Vmo ¶hm± na {gÕmÝV bmJy hmoVm h¡-
(3) {dH$mg H«$‘ H$s EH$ê$nVm H$m {gÕmÝV (1) g‘mZVm H$m
(4) nañna gå~ÝY H$m {gÕmÝV (2) {d{^ÝZVm H$m
62. ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$m kmZ AܶmnH$ H$mo Eogr Cn¶w³V ......... (3) ‘yb OrdmUw H$s {ZaÝVaVm H$m
(4) à˶mJ‘Z H$m
n[apñW{V¶m| VWm {dH$mg dmVmdaU Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘| gh¶moJ Xo gH$Vm h¡,
{Oggo ~mbH$m| H$m A{YH$ go A{YH$ nyU© Ed§ gdmªJrU {dH$mg hmo gHo$& 70. ‘mZd ì¶dhma H$m {dH$mg {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g H$maH$ na {Z^©a
(1) Am{W©H$ (2) gm‘m{OH$ hmoVm h¡?
(3) {ejU-A{YJ‘ (4) d¡¶p³VH$ A{YJ‘ (1) A{^d¥{Õ (2) n[an³dZ
(3) {dH$mg (4) Cnamo³V g^r

57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
(1) (3) (3) (4) (1) (3) (3) (2) (4) (1) (1) (4) (4) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
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71. {ejH$ Ho$ {bE {dH$mg {gÕmÝVm| H$s g‘P Oê$ar h¡, ³¶m|{H$- 79. {‘{lV Am¶w dJ© dmbo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s H$jm ‘| ì¶dhma aIZo dmbo {ejH$
(1) {ejH$ ~mb-{dH$mg H$m à˶j nmofH$ h¡& Ho$ {bE .......... H$m kmZ gdm©{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡&
(2) {dH$mg {gÕmÝV ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm, IobHy$X VWm nmR²>¶H«$‘ M¶Z (1) gm§ñH¥${VH$ n¥îR>^y{‘
gå~ÝYr ‘mJ©Xe©Z ‘| Cn¶moJr {gÕ hmoVo h¢& (2) {dH$mgmË‘H$ AdñWmAm|
(3) {ejH$ BZH$s g‘P Ho$ ’$bñdê$n CÎm‘ {ejU ì¶dñWm H$a nmVm h¡& (3) CZHo$ A{^^mdH$m| Ho ì¶dgm¶
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r ghr h¡& (4) gm‘m{OH$-Am{W©H$ n¥îR>^y{‘

72. ~mbH$m| ‘| hmoZo dmbo {dH$mg H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ {bE H«${‘H$ {dH$mg 80. {ZåZ ‘o§ go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ {dH$mg Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ghr Zht h¡?
{gÕmÝV Ho$ àUoVm H$m¡Z h¢? (1) {dH$mg à{V‘mZm| H$s Hw$N> {ZpíMV {deofVmAm| H$s ^{dî¶dmUr H$s Om
(1) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo gH$Vr h¡&
(2) ñQ>oZbo hm°b (2) {dH$mg H$m CÔoí¶ d§emZwJV gå^mì¶ j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg H$aZm h¡&
(3) qH$J Ed§ Wm°Z©S>mBH$ (3) {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ joÌm| ‘| gå^mì¶ IVao Zht hmoVo h¢&
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht (4) àmapå^H$ {dH$mg ~mX Ho$ {dH$mg go A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡&

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73. d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ZåZ{b[IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ 81. AmnH$s H$jm H$s EH$ N>mÌm aOZr H$s bå~mB© {nN>bo df© H$s VwbZm ‘|
g˶ h¡/h¢? bJ^J 6 B§M ~‹T> JB© h¡, CgHo$ Bg n[adV©Z H$mo Amn ³¶m H$h|Jo?
1. d¥{Õ {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m H$m EH$ MaU hmoVm h¡& (1) aOZr H$m {dH$mg VoOr go hmo ahm h¡&
2. {dH$mg ñd¶§ ‘| EH$ {dñV¥V AW© aIVm h¡ Ed§ d¥{Õ BgH$m EH$ ^mJ hmoVm (2) aOZr ‘| d¥{Õ VoOr go hmo ahr h¡&
h¡& (3) aOZr Á¶mXm H$m‘ H$aZo bJr h¡&
3. {dH$mg EH$ gVV² à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo ~mbH$ Ho$ n[an³d hmoZo Ho$ ~mX ^r (4) aOZr n‹T>mB© ‘| H$‘Omoa hmoVr Om ahr h¡&
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MbVr ahVr h¡&

(1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 2 82. {dH$mg Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ g˶ Zht h¡?
(3) 2 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r (1) {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m EH$ {ZpíMV {Xem ‘| hmoVr h¡&
(2) d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg H$s {H«$¶m d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m g§¶w³V
74. A{^d¥{Õ go VmËn¶© H$mo{eH$mAm| ‘|o hmoZo dmbr d¥{Õ go h¡& ¶h H$WZ n[aUm‘ h¡&
h¡- (3) {H$gr ~ÀMo ‘| d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg H$s J{V H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIH$a CgHo$ AmJo
(1) habm°H$ H$m (2) ’«|$H$ H$m ~‹T>Zo H$s {Xem Am¡a ñdê$n Ho$ ~mao ‘| ^{dî¶dmUr Zht H$s Om gH$Vr
(3) ’«$m¶S> H$m (4) pñH$Za H$m h¡&
(4) {dH$mg h‘oem gm‘mݶ go {deof H$s Amoa MbVm h¡&
75. {H$emoamdñWm na g~go A{YH$ H$m¶© H$aZo dmbo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ h¡-
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(1) EZm ’«$m¶S> (2) ñQ>oZbo hm°b 83. Amn AnZo {dÚmb¶ Ho$ Hw$N> N>mÌm| Ho$ {dH$mg na {nN>bo 2 dfm] go
(3) hm°qbJdW© (4) qH$J {díbofU H$a aho h¢& AmnHo$ {díbofU H$m gma {ZåZ ‘| go ³¶m hmo
gH$Vm h¡?
76. e¡edmdñWm ‘| ¶m¡Z BÀN>mAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVo hþE {nV¥ {damoYr d ‘mV¥ (1) {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m H«$‘~Õ ê$n go AmJo ~‹T>Vr h¡&
{damoYr J«pÝW Ho$ ahñ¶ H$m CX²KmQ>Z {H$¶m h¡- (2) {dH$mg Yrao-Yrao Ed§ {ZpíMV g‘¶ na hmoVm h¡&
(1) pñH$Za Zo (2) J¡ñQ>mba Zo (3) {dH$mg H$s {Xem gm‘mݶ go {d{eîQ> H$s Amoa hmoVr h¡&
(3) Ow§J Zo (4) ’«$m¶S> Zo (4) ¶o g^r
77. ~mbH$ H$s d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ Aܶ¶Z H$s {ZåZ ‘| go Cn¶w³V {d{Y h¡- 84. {dH$mg àmUr ‘| àJ{Verb n[adV©Z h¡, Omo {ZpíMV bú¶m| H$s Amoa
(1) VwbZmË‘H$ {d{Y (2) ‘Zmo{díbofU {d{Y {ZaÝVa {ZX}{eV hmoVm ahVm h¡& ¶h H$WZ {ZåZ ‘o§ go {H$gH$m h¡?
(3) gm§p»¶H$s¶ {d{Y (4) {dH$mgmË‘H$ {d{Y (1) habm°H$ H$m (2) OrZ {n¶mOo H$m
(3) S´>oda H$m (4) ’«$m¶S> H$m
78. [H$emoamdñWm H$s à‘wI {deofVm Zht h¡-
(1) g§doJm| H$m Am{Y³¶ (2) g§M¶ H$s àd¥{Îm
(3) H$ënZm H$s ~hþbVm (4) ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg *******

71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84.
(4) (3) (3) (2) (2) (4) (4) (2) (2) (3) (2) (3) (4) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
Aܶm¶ 3
d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
3.1 àñVmdZm
‘mZd {dH$mg H$m joÌ A{V ì¶mnH$ h¡& Bg‘| emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, ^mfm¶r
g§doJmË‘H$, gm‘m{OH$, Mm[a{ÌH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$, Am{W©H$, AmܶmpË‘H$ Am{X
g^r àH$ma Ho$ njm| ‘| {dH$mg g‘m{hV hmoVm h¡, naÝVw {ejm ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘|
‘mZd Ho$ {deof ê$n go ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, ^mfm¶r, g§doJmË‘H$,
gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Mm[a{ÌH$ njm| Ho$ {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
3.2 emar[aH$ {dH$mg
ì¶p³V Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m gå~ÝY CgHo$ eara Ho$ T>m±Mo, Zm‹S>r VÝÌ,
eara Ho$ Am§V[aH$ g§ñWmZ, O¡go- a³V g§Mma g§ñWmZ, nmMZ g§ñWmZ Am{X
‘| ‘m±gno{e¶m| Am¡a AÝV… ñÌmdr J«pÝW¶m| ‘|o d¥{Õ go h¡¡& ~mbH$ ‘| g§doJmË‘H$
pñWaVm, Jm‘H$ j‘Vm Ed§ Aݶ n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢ Am¡a ¶o n[adV©Z ~mbH$ Ho$
ì¶dhma H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&
3.2.1 emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m AW©
emar{aH$ {dH$mg go VmËn¶© ~mbH$m| ‘| Am¶w Ho$ AZwgma emar[aH$ AmH$ma,
emar[aH$ AZwnmV, ApñW¶m|, ‘m±gno{e¶m|, Xm±V VWm V{ÝÌH$m VÝÌ ‘| g‘w{MV
{dH$mg go hmoVm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Aܶ¶Zm| go ¶h ñnîQ> hmo J¶m h¡ {H$ ~mbH$m|
‘| emar[aH$ {dH$mg h‘oem EH$ g‘mZ J{V go Zht hmoVm& H$^r Vmo dh VoOr go
hmoVm h¡ Am¡a H$^r ‘ÝX J{V go& BgHo$ gmW hr ~mbH$ H$m emar[aH$ {dH$mg
CgHo$ g‘ñV àH$ma Ho$ ì¶dhma Ho$ gmW-gmW {dH$mg Ho$ Aݶ g^r njm| H$mo
^r gmW©H$ ê$n go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ AÝVJ©V
eara aMZm, ñZm¶w‘ÊS>b, ‘m±gnoer¶ d¥{Õ, Jm‘H$ VÝÌ, AÝV…ñÌmdr J«pÝW¶m±
Am{X à‘wI ê$n go AmVr h¡& My±{H$ ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m CgHo$
‘mZ{gH$ VWm gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg na ñnîQ> à^md n‹S>Vm h¡ Bg{bE e¡{jH$
ÑpîQ> go ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo A˶{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© ‘mZm J¶m h¡& J{V
d àH¥${V H$s ÑpîQ> go {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘| emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$s
à{H«$¶m ‘| Hw$N> Z Hw$N> {^ÝZVm Adí¶ hmoVr h¡& {ejm eãXH$moe ‘| emar[aH$
{dH$mg Ho$ AW© H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVo hþ¶o {bIm h¡-
emar[aH$ {dH$mg eara H$s g§aMZm Ho$ AmH$ma, àH¥${V, {H«$¶m Am{X ‘| n[adV©Z h¡&
CXmhaUmW© ApñW¶m| H$m CÎmamoÎma H¡$ëgrH$aU, Mohao Ho$ AmH$ma ‘| n[adV©Z, grZo H$s
AmH¥${V Am{X AWdm emar[aH$ à{ejU Ho$ H$maU A{YH$ gj‘ {H«$¶m¶| H$aZm&
ha~Q>© gmoaoÝgZ Zo emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo Bg àH$ma ñnîQ> {H$¶m h¡-
emar[aH$ {dH$mg CÎmamoÎma n[adV©Z Ed§ n[an³dVm H$s Amoa CÝZ{V H$m g§Ho$V
H$aVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 27
3.2.2 ~më¶mdñWm ‘| emar[aH$ {dH$mg
~më¶mdñWm H$s Ad{Y 6 df© H$s Am¶w go boH$a 12 df© H$s Am¶w VH$ hmoVr
h¡& Bg AdñWm H$mo ^r 6 go 9 df© VH$ H$s Am¶w H$mo Vrd« J{V go {dH$mg H$s
AdñWm VWm 9 go 12 df© VH$ H$s Am¶w H$mo n[an³dVm H$s AdñWm Ho$ ê$n
‘| OmZm OmVm h¡ AWm©V² ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ àW‘ VrZ dfm] Ho$ Xm¡amZ emar[aH$
{dH$mg A{V Vrd« J{V go d ~mX Ho$ VrZ dfm] AWm©V² 9 go 12 df© ‘| Hw$N>
n[an³d$ H$mb ^r H$hVo h¢& ~më¶mdñWm ‘| hmoZo dmbo emar[aH$ n[adV©Z {ZåZ
àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢-
1. ^ma
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ ^ma ‘| n¶m©ßV d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡& 12 df© Ho$ AÝV ‘o§
CgH$m ^ma 80 Am¡a 95 nm¢S> Ho$ ~rM ‘| hmoVm h¡¡& 9 ¶m 10 df© H$s Am¶w VH$
~mbH$m| H$m ^ma ~m{bH$mAm| go A{YH$ hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ ~mX ~m{bH$mAm| H$m ^ma
A{YH$ hmoZm Amaå^ hmo OmVm h¡&
2. bå~mB©
bå~mB© ‘| d¥{Õ H$s ÑpîQ> go ¶h H$mb {deof ê$n go ‘hÎdnyU© H$hm Om gH$Vm
h¡& Bg Xm¡amZ eara H$s bå~mB© bJ^J 5 go 7 go‘r. à{Vdf© H$s J{V go
~‹T>Vr h¡& ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ àmaå^ ‘| Ohm± ~mbH$m| H$s bå~mB© ~m{bH$mAm| H$s
bå~mB© go bJ^J 1 go‘r. A{YH$ hmoVr h¡, dht Bg Ad{Y H$s g‘m{á na
~m{bH$mAm| H$s Am¡gV bå~mB© ~mbH$m| H$s Am¡gV bå~mB© go bJ^J 1 go‘r.
A{YH$ hmo OmVr h¡&
3. {ga VWm ‘pñVîH$
~më¶mdñWm ‘| {ga H$m {dH$mg Vmo hmoVm h¡, {H$ÝVw eara Am¡a {ga H$m AZwnmV
d¶ñH$ Ho$ eara Am¡a {ga H$o AZwnmV H$s g‘mZVm H$s Amoa àd¥Îm hmoZo bJVm
h¡ AWm©V² eara Ho$ Aݶ A§Jm| H$s VwbZm ‘| {ga A^r AnojmH¥$V ~‹S>m hmoVm
h¡& eara Ho$ {d{^Þ A§Jm| H$s AZwnmVhrZVm Yrao-Yrao H$‘ hmoVr OmVr h¡&
e¡edmdñWm Ho$ AÝV VH$ ‘pñVîH$ H$m {dH$mg d¶ñH$ ‘pñVîH$ H$m 90
à{VeV hmoVm h¡, Omo ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ AÝV VH$ ~‹T>H$a 95 à{VeV hmo OmVm h¡&
Bg àH$ma ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ‘pñVîH$ AmH$ma VWm ^ma XmoZm| hr ÑpîQ> go bJ^J
nyU©ê$noU {dH${gV hmo OmVm h¡&
4. Y‹S> H$m {dH$mg
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ Ed§ ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ Y‹S> H$m {dH$mg ~hþV ‘hÎd aIVm h¡&
Bg Am¶w ‘| eara ~{bîR>, nwîQ> VWm ep³Vembr hmoZo bJVm h¡, {Og‘| ~mbH$
AnZo A§Jm| Ed§ ep³V¶m| Ho$ g§MmbZ na {Z¶ÝÌU àmá H$a boVo h¢& ~mbH$m| Ho$
H$ÝYo Mm¡‹S>o hmoZo bJVo h¢ VWm Hy$ëho nVbo hmoZo bJVo h¢& ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ H$ÝYo
nVbo d Hy$ëho Mm¡‹S>o hmoZo bJVo h¢&
 n¥îR> 28 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
5. ‘m±gno{e¶m±
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ‘m±gno{e¶m| H$m {dH$mg ‘ÝX J{V go hmoVm h¡& 8 df© H$s Am¶w ‘|
‘m±gno{e¶m| H$m ^ma eara Ho$ Hw$b ^ma H$m 27 à{VeV hmoVm h¡, Omo 12 df©
‘| ~‹T>H$a 33 à{VeV hmo OmVm h¡&
6. h{S²>S>¶m±
~më¶mdñWm ‘| h{S²>S>¶m| H$s g§»¶m VWm CZH$s Ñ‹T>Vm XmoZm| ‘o hr d¥{Õ hmoVr
h¡& {eímw Ho$ eara H$s Hw$N> {Ppëb¶m| Ho$ h{S²>S>¶m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| ~Xb OmZo Ho$
H$maU h{S²>S>¶m| H$s g§»¶m ‘| d¥{Õ hmo OmVr h¡& ¶hm± Bg ~mV H$m ^r g§Ho$V XoZm
C{MV hmoJm {H$ d¥{Õ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| Hw$N> H$mo‘b h{S²>S>¶m± {‘bH$a EH$ hmo OmVr
h¡, {OgHo$ H$maU ^r h{S²>S>¶m| H$s g§»¶m ‘| ~Xbmd AmVm h¡& ~më¶mdñWm ‘|
h{S²>S>¶m| H$s g§»¶m 270 go ~‹T>H$a 350 hmo OmVr h¡& Bg AdñWm Ho$ Xm¡amZ
h{S²>S>¶m| H$m Ñ‹T>rH$aU AWdm ApñWH$aU VoOr go hmoVm h¡, {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n
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~mbH$m| H$s h{S²>S>¶m| H$m bMrbmnZ g‘má hmoZo bJVm h¡ VWm CZ‘| H$‹S>mnZ
AmZo bJVm h¡&
7. Xm±V
bJ^J 6 df© H$s Am¶w ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ XÿY Ho$ Xm±V {JaZo Am¡a CZHo$ ~Om¶ ñWm¶r
Xm±V {ZH$bZo Amaå^ hmo OmVo h¢& 12 ¶m 13 df© VH$ CgHo$ g~ ñWm¶r Xm±V
{ZH$bo AmVo h¢, {OZH$s g§»¶m bJ^J 32 hmoVr h¡& ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ ñWm¶r Xm±V
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{ZH$b AmVo h¢, {OZH$s g§»¶m bJ^J 32 hmoVr h¡& ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ ñWm¶r
Xm±V ~mbH$m| go OëXr {ZH$bVo h¢&
8. hmW d n¡a
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| Ho$ n¡a bå~o Am¡a grYo hmo OmVo h¢ VWm ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$
n¡a AÝXa H$s Amoa Hw$N> PwH$md bo boVo h¢& ^wOm¶| ^r bå~r hmoZo bJVr h¢&
9. ¶m¡Z A§Jm| H$m {dH$mg
~mbH$m| VWm ~m{bH$mAm| XmoZm| Ho$ àOZZ A§Jm| H$m {dH$mg ^r ~më¶mdñWm ‘|
hmoZo bJVm h¡, {H$ÝVw ~mbH$m| ‘| ¶h {dH$mg Yr‘r J{V go hmoVm h¡& 11-12 df©
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VH$ AmVo-AmVo ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ ¶m¡Z A§Jm| H$m {dH$mg Vrd« J{V nH$‹S> boVm h¡&
10. öX¶ J{V
e¡emdñWm H$s VwbZm ‘| ~më¶mdñWm ‘| öX¶ Ho$ Y‹S>H$Zo H$s J{V H$‘ hmo OmVr
h¡& 18 df© Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$m öX¶ à{V {‘ZQ> 85 ~ma Y‹S>H$Vm h¡&
C³V g‘ñV {dH$mg Ho$ Ûmam ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ AÝV VH$ ‘mZd eara
EH$ {ZpíMV AmH$ma boZm ewê$ H$a XoVm h¡, Omo {H$emoamdñWm ‘| bJ^J nyU©
hmo OmVm h¡&
3.2.3 emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$
H«$mo d H«$mo Zo {bIm h¡-
ñdñW {dH$mg H$m {Zdmg H$s CÎm‘ XemAm| go K{ZîR> gå~ÝY h¡& C{MV ¶m
AZw{MV àH$me go Am¶mo{OV ‘Zmoa§OZ Am¡a {dlm‘, Anm¡pîQ>H$ ^moOZ, H$‘ hdmXma
{Zdmg-ñWmZ Ed§ XmofnyU© d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ g‘mZ VÎd ñdñW {dH$mg ‘| ~mYH$ hmoVo h¢&
emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo à‘wI H$maH$ {ZåZ{b{IV
h¡-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
1. AmZwd§{eH$Vm ¶m d§emZwH«$‘
~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg na CgHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm, nyd©Om| VWm d§eOm| Ho$
ñdmñ϶, emar[aH$ aMZm, Xmofm| d amoJm| H$m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& àm¶… ñdñW
‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZ| ñdñW Am¡a amoJr H$‘Omoa ‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZo§ amoJr
Am¡a H$‘Omoa hmoVr h¡&
2. dmVmdaU
H«$mo d H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-
~mbH$ Ho$ ñdm^m{dH$ {dH$mg ‘| dmVmdaU Ho$ VÎd ghm¶H$ ¶m ~mYH$ hmoVo h¢&
ewÕ dm¶w, n¶m©ßV Yyn, ñdÀN>Vm Am{X Bg àH$ma Ho$ Hw$N> ‘w»¶ VÎd
h¢& V§J J{b¶m| Am¡a ~ÝX ‘H$mZm| ‘| ahZo dmbo ~mbH$ {H$gr-Z-{H$gr amoJ Ho$
{eH$ma ~ZH$a AnZo ñdmñ϶ H$mo Imo XoVo h¢& n¶m©ßV Yyn H$m godZ H$aZo dmbo
~mbH$m| H$mo gXu, OwH$m‘, Im±gr Am¡a Am±Im| H$s H$‘Omoar Am{X amoJ H$^r Zht
hmoVo h¢& ñdÀN>Vm, gwÝXa ñdmñ϶ H$m ‘w»¶ AmYma h¡& ¶{X ~mbH$ H$m eara,
nhZZo Ho$ dñÌ, ahZo H$m ñWmZ, ImZo H$m ^moOZ Am{X ñdÀN> hmoVo h¢, Vmo
CgH$m emar[aH$ {dH$mg ÐþV J{V go hmoVm Mbm OmVm h¡&
3. ^moOZ
~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg na ^moOZ H$m A˶{YH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& nm¡pîQ>H$ d
g§V{w bV ^moOZ H$aZo dmbo H$m emar[aH$ {dH$mg g‘w{MV Ed§ ñdm^m{dH$ VarHo$ go
hmoVm h¡& nm¡pîQ>H$ ^moOZ H$s CnbãYVm Am{W©H$ ñVa na ^r {Z^©a H$aVr h¡, Am{W©H$
ê$n go gånÝZ ~mbH$ àm¶… öîQ>-nwîQ> hmoVo h¢& {ZY©Z ~ÀMo {Z~©b hmoVo h¢& nm¡pîQ>H$
^moOZ Ho$ A^md ‘| ~mbH$ C{MV emar[aH$ {dH$mg go d§{MV ah OmVm h¡&
4. n[adma H$s pñW{V VWm ahZ-ghZ H$m T>§J
n[adma H$s gm‘m{OH$, Am{W©H$ VWm gm§ñH¥${VH$ n[apñW{V¶m| H$m ~mbH$
Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg na à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& nm[adm[aH$ ahZ-ghZ, gm‘m{OH$
naånam¶| VWm ImZ-nmZ H$m à^md ^r CgHo$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg na n‹S>Vm h¡&
5. {dlm‘ Ed§ {ZÐm
~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE nyU© {ZÐm VWm {dlm‘ Amdí¶H$ h¡&
e¡edmdñWm ‘| {eew H$mo 12 KÊQ>o H$s ZtX Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡& ~më¶mdñWm ‘|
10 KÊQ>o H$s ZtX VWm {H$emoamdñWm ‘| 8 KÊQ>o H$s ZtX Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡&
{dlm‘ Am¡a {ZÐm eara H$s WH$mdQ> H$mo Xÿa H$a ZB© VmOJr àXmZ H$aVr h¡,
{Oggo ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo AZwHy$b Adga àXmZ H$aVr h¡&
6. {XZM¶m©
~mbH$ H$s {XZM¶m© H$m à^md CgHo$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg na n‹S>Vm h¡& {Z¶{‘V
{XZM¶m© go ~mbH$ H$m ñdmñ϶ AÀN>m ahVm h¡& AÀN>o emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$
{bE Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ H$s {XZM¶m© na {deof ܶmZ {X¶m Omdo& CgHo$
ImZo, ZhmZo, n‹T>Zo, IobZo, gmoZo Am{X X¡{ZH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$m g‘¶ {Z¶{‘V ahZm
Mm{hE& ~mbH$ ‘| àmaå^ go hr {Z¶{‘V {XZM¶m© H$s AmXV S>mbZr Mm{hE&
7. ào‘
~mbH$ Ho$ C{MV emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m AmYma ào‘ h¡& ¶{X Cgo AnZo ‘mVm-
{nVm H$m ào‘ Zht {‘bVm h¡, Vmo dh Xþ:Ir ahZo bJVm h¡& ¶{X CgHo$ ‘mVm-
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
{nVm H$s Aënm¶w ‘§o ‘¥Ë¶w hmo OmVr h¡, Vmo Cgo Agø H$îQ>m| H$m gm‘Zm H$aZm
n‹S>Vm h¡& XmoZm| XemAm| ‘| CgHo$ eara H$m gÝVw{bV {dH$mg hmoZm Agå^d hmo
OmVm h¡& {ejH$ H$mo ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ à{V ào‘ H$m ì¶dhma H$aZm Mm{hE&
8. Iob Ed§ ì¶m¶m‘
Iob VWm ì¶m¶m‘ ^r emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& ~mbH$ H$s
{XZM¶m© ‘| {Z¶{‘V ê$n go Iob Am¡a ì¶m¶m‘ em{‘b hmoZm Mm{h¶o, {Oggo
‘m±gno{e¶m± Ed§ h{S²>S>¶m± ‘O~yV hmoVr h¡ VWm Bggo nmMZ ep³V ^r R>rH$
ahVr h¡& ~mbH$m| H$mo Iwbr hdm Am¡a ‘¡XmZ ‘| IobZo d ì¶m¶m‘ H$aZo XoZm
Mm{hE& emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m Bggo à˶j ê$n go à^m{dV hmoVr h¡&
AV… ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE Iob Ed§ ì¶m¶m‘ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm H$mo Adí¶ ñdrH$ma
{H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
9. gwajm
{eew ¶m ~mbH$ Ho$ gå¶H²$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE Cg‘|$ gwajm H$s ^mdZm hmoZm
A{V Amdí¶H$ h¡& Bg ^mdZm Ho$ A^md ‘| dh ^¶ H$m AZw^d H$aZo bJVm
h¡ Am¡a AmË‘-{dídmg Imo ~¡R>Vm h¡& ¶o XmoZm| ~mV| CgHo$ {dH$mg H$mo AdéÕ
H$a XoVr h¡§&
10. XþK©Q>Zm
XþK©Q>ZmE± ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& ¶{X ~MnZ ‘|
~mbH$ {H$gr XþK©Q>Zm go à^m{dV hþAm h¡, O¡go-CgH$s hS²>S>r Qy>Q> J¶r, Ob
J¶m hmo, {H$gr OmZda Zo H$mQ> {b¶m hmo Vmo CgH$m eara à^m{dV hmoVm h¡,
{Oggo CZHo$ {dH$mg H$s J{V Adê$Õ hmoVr h¡&
11. Aݶ H$maH$
~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo Aݶ H$maH$ ^r à^m{dV H$aVo h¢, O¡go-
1. amoJ Ho$ H$maU CËnÝZ {dH¥${V
2. ^m¡Jmo{bH$ n[apñW{V¶m±
3. n[adma H$s {ZY©ZVm Am{X&
Cnamo³V H$maH$m| H$s {ddoMZm go ¶h kmV hmoVm h¡ {H$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg
{H$VZm ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡& AV… ¶h Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ AܶmnH$m| Ed§ ‘mVm-{nVm
H$mo ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg VWm CgH$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| H$s
OmZH$mar hmo, {Oggo do ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo EH$ {ZpíMV ñdê$n Ed§ J{V
àXmZ H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$a gH|$&
3.2.4 emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$s {deofVmE±
~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$s {deofVmE± {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
1. ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW-gmW ~mbH$ Ho$ eara H$m
AmH$ma, ^ma, bå~mB©, {ga, ‘pñVîH$, h{S²>S>¶m± Ed§ Xm±V Am{X ^r
~‹T>Vo h¢&
2. emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW hr ñZm¶w VÝÌ ^r {dH${gV hmoVm h¡&
3. AÝV…ñÌmdr J«pÝW¶m± ^r emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW A{^d¥{Õ H$aVr h¡&
4. ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$ H$maU AÝVa
nm¶m OmVm h¡&
5. emar[aH$ {dH$mg ‘| CÎmamoÎma n[adV©Z hmoVm ahVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 29
3.2.5 emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd
~mbH$m| Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ kmZ H$m ‘hÎd {ejH$m| Ho$ {bE ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU©
h¡, ³¶mo§{H$ ¶{X eara ñdñW h¡ Am¡a ghr {Xem ‘| {dH${gV hmo ahm h¡, V^r
N>mÌm| go ¶h Amem H$s Om gH$Vr h¡ {H$ do gÝVwîQ> hmoH$a {ímjm àmá H$a aho
h¢& A{dH${gV eara ~mbH$ H$mo {ejm àm{á Ho$ {bE VËna Zht hmoZo XoVm h¡&
AV… ¶{X h‘ MmhVo h¢ {H$ h‘mao N>mÌ {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| AnZr ~hþ‘wIr à{V^m
H$m àXe©Z H$a|, Vmo CZHo$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg na ܶmZ XoZm Oê$ar h¡& {ejH$
Ho$ {bE N>mÌ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg na C{MV ܶmZ {X¶m OmZm {ZåZ ÑpîQ>¶m|
go ‘hÎdnyU© h¡-
1. emar[aH$ {dH$mg ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m AmYma h¡ VWm ~mbH$m| H$mo
kmZmO©Z hoVw ào[aV H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$ h¡& ¶{X {H$gr dJ© Ho$ A{YH$Va
~mbH$m| H$s emar[aH$ A{^d¥{Õ Aݶ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| A{YH$
hmoVr h¡, Vmo Bggo Aݶ ~mbH$m| ‘| EH$ Vah H$s hrZVm H$m ^md
CËnÝZ hmo gH$Vm h¡ {OgH$m ~wam à^md CZH$s e¡{jH$ CnbpãY na
n‹S>Vm h¡& Bgr àH$ma ¶{X dJ© ‘| {H$gr N>mÌ H$s emar[aH$ A{^d¥{Õ
Aݶ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| H$m’$s H$‘ h¢, Vmo ¶h ^r {ejH$ Ho$
{bE MwZm¡Vr hmo gH$Vr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ Bg Vah Ho$ N>mÌm| ‘| g‘m¶moOZ
go gå~{ÝYV H$B© g‘ñ¶m¶| CËnÝZ hmo gH$Vr h¢& AV… {ejH$ H$mo
N>mÌm| H$s emar[aH$ A{^d¥{Õ H$s OmZH$mar hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡, Vm{H$
do N>mÌm| Ho$ gmW CÝhr§ H$s emar[aH$ Oê$aVm| Ho$ AZwHy$b e¡{jH$
‘mhm¡b V¡¶ma H$a CÝh| {e{jV H$a gHo$&
2. emar[aH$ ê$n go ñdñW ~mbH$m| ‘| A{YJ‘ j‘Vm A{YH$ nm¶r
OmVr h¡ VWm Eogo ~mbH$m| H$mo n‹T>Zo ‘| H$‘ WH$mZ H$m AZw^d hmoVm
h¡& Eogo ~mbH$ A{YH$ g‘¶ VH$ {df¶dñVw na AnZm ܶmZ Ho$pÝÐV
H$a gH$Vo h¢ VWm CnbpãY d {ZînmXZ narjmAm| ‘| AÀN>o A§H$
àmá H$aVo h¡& AV… Eogo ~mbH$m| Ho$ à{V {ejH$m| Ed§ ghnm{R>¶m| H$m
ì¶dhma ñZohnyU© Ed§ gh¶moJmË‘H$ hmoVm h¡&
3. emar[aH$ {dH$mg VWm n[an³dVm go ~mbH$m| H$m ‘mZ{gH$ Ed§
gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ^r à^m{dV hmoVm h¡, Bg{bE {ejH$m| H$mo ñHy$b
Ho$ H$m¶©H«$‘m| H$mo Bg T>§J go V¡¶ma H$aZm Mm{hE {H$ Cggo à˶oH$
N>mÌ H$mo g’$bVm {‘b gHo$ VWm CgH$m AmË‘gå‘mZ ~Zm aho&
CXmhaUmW© Omo N>mÌ emar[aH$ ê$n go Xþ~©b h¢ CZH$m EH$ AbJ
H$m¶©H«$‘ ~Zm¶m Om¶o, {Og‘| Ho$db emar[aH$ ê$n go H$‘Omoa N>mÌ
hr ^mJ b|, {Og‘| Eogo N>mÌm| ‘| {H$gr àH$ma H$s hrZVm H$s ^mdZm
Zht CËnÝZ hmoJr VWm CZH$m AmË‘gå‘mZ ^r ~aH$ama ahoJm VWm
{ejH$ ^r ñHy$b ‘| emar[aH$ ê$n go Xþ~©b N>mÌm| Ho$ gmW ݶm¶
H$aZo ‘| gj‘ hmo nmE§Jo&
4. ñHy$b ‘| àm¶… IobHy$X VWm emar[aH$ {ejm Ho$ H$m¶©H«$‘ H$m ñdê$n
à{V¶mo{JVmË‘H$ hmoVm h¡ VWm Bg H$m¶©H«$‘ ‘| ‘mÌ Hw$N> hr Eogo
emar[aH$ ê$n go öîQ>>-nwîQ> N>mÌ hmoVo h¢, Omo Bg‘| ^mJ boH$a
{IVm~ OrV OmVo h¢, {Oggo BgH$m à^md g^r N>mÌm| na AÀN>m
Zht hmoVm h¡ d CZH$s e¡{jH$ bpãY na ^r ~wam Aga n‹S>Vm h¡&
AV… {ejH$m| H$mo Mm{hE {H$ do BZ H$m¶©H«$‘m| Ho$ ñdê$n ‘| Bg T>§J
H$m n[adV©Z H$ao§ {H$ Bg‘| g^r N>mÌm| H$s g‘mZ ^mJrXmar hmo, Vm{H$
 n¥îR> 30 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
g^r ‘| g‘mZ ê$n go e¡{jH$ A{^ê${M H$m¶‘ aho&
5. Iob {H«$¶m¶| d XñVH$mar H$m¶© H$amVo g‘¶ {ejH$ H$mo ܶmZ aIZm
Mm{hE {H$ do CZHo$ emar[aH$ d {H«$¶mË‘H$ {dH$mg AZwHy$b hmo& Ohm±
VH$ gå^d hmo, ~mbH$m| H$mo g{H«$¶ Iob IobZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aZm
Mm{hE, {Oggo CZHo$ eara Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW-gmW
‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ^r R>rH$ T>§J go hmo, ³¶m|{H$ {ejH$ hr ¶h ~mV
AÀN>r Vah g‘P gH$Vo h¢ {H$ Iob Ûmam Omo emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$
{dH$mg hmoVm h¡& Cggo N>mÌm| ‘| gyP CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡ VWm CZ‘|
g¥OZmË‘H$ j‘Vm¶o§ ^r CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡& BZgo ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd
{dH$mg na ^r grYm Aga n‹S>Vm h¡& Iob go ~mbH$m| ‘| gh¶mo{JVm,
CXmaVm VWm gÀMmB© O¡go erbJwU ^r {dH${gV hmoVo h¢&
6. nmR²>¶H«$‘ ‘| ^r Eogo nmR>m| H$mo {ZYm©[aV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ d n‹T>m¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡ {OZHo$ ‘mܶ‘ go ñdmñ϶H$a ImZ-nmZ, N>moQ>r-‘moQ>r
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~r‘m[a¶m| H$m ImZ-nmZ go gå~ÝY Am{X H$mo g¡ÕmpÝVH$ ê$n go
g‘Pm¶m Om gHo$&
7. {ejH$ H$mo N>mÌm| H$s Am¶w Ho$ AZwê$n Imo-Imo, [a¨J~m°b Am{X Iob
{IbmZo Mm{hE VWm H$^r-H$^r Iobm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go hr nmR>m| H$mo
g‘PmZm Mm{hE&
Bg Vah ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m ~hþV A{YH$
e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd h¡& ¶hr H$maU h¡ {H$ AmOH$b ñHy$bm| ‘| àm¶… Eogo H$m¶©H«$‘
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V¡¶ma {H$¶o OmVo h¢, {OZgo ~mbH$m| ‘| C{MV emar[aH$ {dH$mg gå^d hmo gHo$&
3.3 ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg go VmËn¶© CgH$s ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm| Ed§ ¶mo½¶VmAm|
Ho$ {dH$mg go hmoVm h¡& BZHo$ AÝVJ©V ~w{Õ, g§doXZm, à˶jrH$aU, {ZarjU,
ê${M, ܶmZ, H$ënZm, {MÝVZ, VH©$, {ZU©¶, ñ‘¥{V, {dñ‘¥{V, Am{X ‘mZ{gH$
{H«$¶mAm| Ed§ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m {dH$mg AmVm h¡ Am¡a BZ {H«$¶mAm| Ed§ ¶mo½¶VmAm|
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Ho$ {dH$mg go ‘mZd ì¶dhma à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&
3.3.1 ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m AW©
gm‘mݶ eãXm| ‘| {eew Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dMma go VmËn¶© {eew H$s g‘P go hmoVm
h¡& OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ {eímw ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m ñVa H$ar~-H$ar~ eyݶ
hmoVm h¡& O¡go-O¡go CgH$s C‘« ~‹T>Vr OmVr h¡ VWm Cgo ZB©-ZB© AZw^y{V¶m±
hmoVr OmVr h¡, CgH$m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg hmoVm OmVm h¡& ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
go VmËn¶© ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmAm| Ho$ {dH$mg go hmoVm h¡& Bg ‘mZ{gH$ j‘Vm
‘| g§doXZerbVm, à˶jrH$aU, à˶¶ {Z‘m©U, AdbmoH$Z, ܶmZ, ñ‘¥{V,
H$ënZm, {MÝVZ, VH©$, {ZU©¶, ~w{Õ, ^mfm, A{YJ‘ j‘Vm Am{X g§kmZmË‘H$
ep³V¶m± AmVr h¢& OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ {eímw H$m ‘pñVîH$ A{dH${gV hmoVm h¡ Am¡a
CgH$m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ZJʶ hmoVm h¡& {eew Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW-
gmW AWm©V² CgH$s Am¶w ‘| d¥{Õ Ho$ gmW-gmW CgH$m ‘pñVîH$ {dH${gV
hmoVm OmVm h¡ AWm©V² CgH$m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& {dH$mg H$s AdñWmAm|
Ho$ AZwê$n hr ~mbH$ ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m| Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm ahVm
h¡& Bg àH$ma ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg dh {dH$mg h¡, Omo OÝ‘ go n[an³dVm VH$
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
gVV² Omar ahVm h¡, {Oggo ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmE± Am¡a {H«$¶mE± CÎmamoÎma Ed§ {deof
T>§J go g§J{R>V hmoVr OmVr h¡& {ejm eãXH$moe ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþ¶o {bIm h¡-
‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg OÝ‘-nyd© AdñWm go àm¡‹T>Vm VH$ ì¶{³V H$s ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm|
Am¡a ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ì¶dhma H$m CÎmamoÎma {dH$mg Ed§ g§JR>Z h¡&
Ooåg S´>oda Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶{³V Ho$ OÝ‘ go n[an³dVm VH$ H$s ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmAm| Ed§ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ CÎmamoÎma
àH$Q>Z Ed§ g§JR>Z H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$hm OmVm h¡&
Bg n[a^mfm go ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ à‘wI V϶m| na Bg àH$ma àH$me
n‹S>Vm h¡-
1. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m gå~ÝY ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmAm| VWm ‘mZ{gH$
H$m¶© go hmoVm h¡&
2. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m CÎmamoÎma AWm©V² H«${‘H$ hmoVr h¡
3. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m OÝ‘ go nyU© n[an³dVm AmZo VH$
MbVr ahVr h¡&
3.3.2 ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s J{V e¡edmdñWm go Yr‘r hmoVr h¡& Bg
AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| ‘§o g‘PZo, ñ‘aU H$aZo, {dMma H$aZo, g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ
H$aZo, qMVZ H$aZo, à˶j kmZ H$aZo, {ZU©¶ boZo H$s ep³V H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-
O~ ~mbH$ bJ^J 6 df© H$m hmo OmVm h¡, V~ CgH$s ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m
bJ^J nyU© {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡&
Cg‘| é{M, {Okmgm, {ZU©¶, {MÝVZ, ñ‘aU Am¡a g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ
Ho$ JwUm| H$m n¶m©ßV {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡& {d{^ÝZ Am¶w ‘| dh AnZo BZ JwUm| H$m
Bg àH$ma àXe©Z H$aVm h¡-
1. N>R>dm± df©
~mbH$ {~Zm {hMHo$ hþE 13-14 VH$ H$s {JZVr gwZm XoVm h¡, gab àíZm| Ho$
CÎma Xo XoVm h¡ Am¡a eara Ho$ {d{^ÝZ A§Jm| Ho$ Zm‘ ~Vm XoVm h¡& ¶{X Cgo H$moB©
{MÌ {XIm¶m Om¶o, Vmo dh Cg‘| ~Zr hþB© dñVwAm| H$m dU©Z H$a gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a
CZ‘§o g‘mZVmE± Ed§ Ag‘mZVmE± ^r ~Vm gH$Vm h¡&
2. gmVdm± df©
~mbH$ ‘| Xmo dñVwAm| ‘| AÝVa H$aZo H$s ep³V H$m {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡& dh
bH$‹S>r, H$mo¶bm, OhmO Am¡a ‘moQ>aH$ma ‘§o AÝVa ~Vm gH$Vm h¡& dh N>moQ>r-
N>moQ>r KQ>ZmAm| H$m dU©Z, O{Q>b dm³¶m§o H$m à¶moJ Am¡a gmYmaU g‘ñ¶mAm|
H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm aIVm h¡&
3. AmR>dm± df©
~mbH$ ‘| N>moQ>r H$hm{Z¶m| Am¡a H${dVmAm| H$mo AÀN>r Vah XmohamZo, 16 eãXm|
Ho$ dm³¶m| H$mo {~Zm JbVr {H$E hþE ~mobZo, EH$ n¡am H$s H$hmZr na 5 ¶m 6
àíZm| Ho$ CÎma XoZo Am¡a à{V{XZ H$s gmYmaU g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo
H$s ¶mo½¶Vm hmoVr h¡&
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
4. Zdm± df©
~mbH$ H$mo {XZ, g‘¶, VmarI, df© Am¡a {g³H$m| H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡& dh 5-6
VwH$mÝV eãXm| H$mo ~VmZo Am¡a 6-7 eãXm| H$mo CëQ>o H«$‘ ‘| XmohamZo ‘§o g’$b
hmoVm h¡& dh gm‘mݶ eãXm| H$m à¶moJ H$aZo bJVm h¡ Am¡a XoIr hþE {’$ë‘ H$s
60% ~mV| ~Vm gH$Vm h¡&
5. Xgdm± df©
~mbH$ VrZ {‘ZQ> ‘§o 60-70 eãX ~mob gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r H$hm{Z¶m|
H$mo ¶mX H$aHo$ gwZm gH$Vm h¡& Cgo X¡{ZH$ OrdZ Ho$ {Z¶‘m|, naånamAm|,
gyMZmAm| Am{X H$m Wmo‹S>m-~hþV kmZ hmo OmVm h¡&
6. ½¶mahdm± df©
~mbH$ ‘| VH©$, {Okmgm Am¡a {ZarjU H$s ep³V¶m| H$m H$m’$s {dH$mg hmo OmVm
h¡& dh new-n{j¶m|, H$sQ>-nV§Jm| Am{X H$m ^r {ZarjU H$aHo$ kmZ àmá H$a
boVm h¡& ~mbH$ H$B© H${R>Z eãXm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo bJVm h¡, {d{^ÝZ dñVwAm|
‘| VwbZm H$aZo bJVm h¡&
7. ~mahdm± df©
~mbH$ ‘| VH©$ Am¡a g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ H$s ep³V H$m H$m’$s {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡&
Cg‘§o H${R>Z eãXm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo Am¡a gmYmaU ~mVm| Ho$ H$maU ~VmZo H$s
¶mo½¶Vm hmoVr h¡& dh XoIr hþB© {’$ë‘ H$s 75% ~mV| ~Vm gH$Vm h¡&
~mahd| df© ‘| ~mbH$ Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| ‘| VH©$ H$aZo, g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ
H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm Am OmVr h¡& CgHo$ AÝXa H${R>Z eãXm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo
Am¡a gmYmaU ~mVm| Ho$ H$maU ~VmZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm hmoVr h¡& dh XoIr hþB© KQ>Zm
H$s 75 à{VeV ~mVm| H$mo ~mX ‘| ^r ~Vm gH$Vm h¡&
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ n[apñW{V¶m| H$mo g‘PZo bJVm h¡ VWm CZH$m
gm‘Zm H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡& CgH$s ê${M Z¶o H$m¶m], dñVwAm| Ed§ ì¶p³V¶m|
‘| ~‹T>Vr h¡ Cg‘| g‘m¶moOZ H$s j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡&
3.3.3 ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$
à˶oH$ AdñWm ‘| hmoZo dmbo ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$mo AZoH$ H$maH$ à^m{dV H$aVo
h¢& n[adma, dmVmdaU ¶m Aݶ n[apñW{V¶m| go gå~{ÝYV H$maH$ ‘mZ{gH$
{dH$mg H$s J{V H$mo Vrd« Ed§ ‘ÝX H$a XoVo h¢& H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Zo ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| Ho$ {df¶ ‘| {bIm h¡-
{d{^ÝZ H$maH$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& d§emZwJV ñZm¶wV§Ì H$s
g§aMZm gå^m{dV {dH$mg H$s Xa Ed§ gr‘m H$mo gw{ZpíMV H$aVr h¡& Hw$N> Aݶ
emar[aH$ Xem¶| ¶m d¡¶p³VH$ Am¡a dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr H$maH$ ‘mZ{gH$ àJ{V H$mo Vrd«
AWdm ‘ÝX H$a gH$Vo h¢&
‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo Hw$N> à‘wI H$maH$
{ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. d§emZwH«$‘ ¶m AmZwd§{eH$Vm
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo AnZo Aܶ¶Z go {gÕ {H$¶m h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$
{dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ g~go ‘hÎdnyU© H$maH$ h¡, ³¶m|{H$
‘Zwî¶ ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm¶| VWm JwU AmZwd§{eH$ ê$n go boH$a hr CËnÝZ hmoVm
h¡ {OÝh| dmVmdaU Ho$ Ûmam n[ad{V©V Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Bg {df¶ ‘|
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 31
J«oQ>g Ed§ Aݶ Zo {bIm h¡-
{H$gr ì¶{³V H$m Cggo A{YH$ {dH$mg Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡, {OVZm {H$ CgH$m
d§emZwH«$‘ gå^d ~ZmVm h¡&
AWm©V² H$moB© ^r ì¶{³V Cggo A{YH$ {dH$mg Zht H$a gH$Vm h¡,
{OVZm {H$ CgH$m d§emZwH«$‘ gå^d ~ZmVm h¡&
2. n[adma H$m dmVmdaU
n[adma Ho$ dmVmdaU H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg go K{ZîR> gå~ÝY h¡&
Xþ:IX Am¡a H$bhnyU© dmVmdaU ‘| ~mbH$ H$m CVZm ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg hmoZm
gå^d Zht h¡, {OVZm {H$ gwIX Am¡a emÝV dmVmdaU ‘|& Bg gå~ÝY ‘|
Hw$ßnyñdm‘r H$m ‘V h¡-
EH$ AÀN>m n[adma, {Og‘| ‘mVm-{nVm ‘| AÀN>o gå~ÝÜm hmoVo h¢, {Og‘| do AnZo
~ÀMm| H$s é{M¶m| Am¡a Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo g‘PVo h¢ Ed§ {Og‘§o AmZÝX Am¡a ñdVÝÌVm
H$m dmVmdaU hmoVm h¡, à˶oH$ gXñ¶ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘§o A˶{YH$ ¶moJXmZ XoVm h¡&
3. n[adma H$s gm‘m{OH$ pñW{V
CÀM gm‘m{OH$ pñW{V Ho$ n[adma Ho$ ~mbH$ H$m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg A{YH$ hmoVm
h¡& BgH$m H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ CgH$mo ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ Omo gmYZ CnbãY
hmoVo h¢, do {ZåZ gm‘m{OH$ pñW{V Ho$ n[adma Ho$ ~mbH$ Ho$ {bE Xþb©^ hmoVo h¢&
BgH$s nwpîQ> ‘§o ñQ>—¢J Ho$ AJ«m§{H$V eãX CÕ¥V {H$¶o Om gH$Vo h¢-
CÀM gm‘m{OH$ pñW{V dmbo n[adma Ho$ ~ÀMo ~w{Õ H$s ‘m¡{IH$ Am¡a {b{IV
narjmAm| ‘| ñnîQ> ê$n go loîR> hmoVo h¢&
4. n{adma H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V
Q>‘©Z Zo AnZo narjUm| Ho$ AmYma na ~Vm¶m h¡ {H$ à{V^membr ~mbH$ X[aÐ
joÌm| go AmZo Ho$ ~Om¶ AÀN>r Am{W©H$ pñW{V dmbo n[admam| go A{YH$ AmVo h¢&
BgH$m H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ BZ ~mbH$m| H$mo Hw$N> {deof gw{dYmE± CnbãY ahVr h¡;
O¡go- C{MV ^moOZ, CnMma Ho$ n¶m©ßV gmYZ, CÎm‘ e¡{jH$ Adga, Am{W©H$
H$îQ> go gwajm Am{X&
5. ‘mVm-{nVm H$s {ejm
A{e{jV ‘mVm-{nVm H$s Anojm {e{jV ‘mVm-{nVm H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$
{dH$mg na H$ht A{YH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& ñQ>´¢J H$m H$WZ h¡-
‘mVm-{nVm H$s {ejm, ~ÀMm| H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm go {ZpíMV ê$n go gå~pÝYV h¡&
6. C{MV àH$ma H$s {ejm
~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE C{MV àH$ma H$s {ejm A{V Amdí¶H$ h¡&
Eogr {ejm Omo CgHo$ ‘mZ{gH$ JwUm| Am¡a ep³V¶m| H$m {dH$mg H$aVr h¡& AañVw
H$m ¶h H$WZ nyU©V¶m g˶ h¡ -
{ejm ‘Zwî¶ H$s ep³V H$m, {deof ê$n go CgH$s ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V H$m {dH$mg
H$aVr h¡&
7. {dÚmb¶
AÀN>m {dÚmb¶, ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m dmñV{dH$ Am¡a ‘hÎdnyU©
H$maH$ h¡& Hw$ßnyñdm‘r Ho$ eãXm| ‘| -
 n¥îR> 32 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
AÀN>m {dÚmb¶ Eogm nmR²>¶H«$‘ àñVwV H$aVm h¡, Omo N>mÌm| H$s é{M¶m| Am¡a
Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo nyam H$aZo Ho$ {bE {d{^ÝZ {H«$¶mAm| go n[anyU© ahVm h¡& Eogm
{dÚmb¶ ñdñW ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m EH$ dmñV{dH$ H$maU h¡&
8. {ejH$
~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| {ejH$ H$m ñWmZ ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU© h¡& ¶{X {ejH$
H$m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg AÀN>m h¡, ¶{X dh ~mbH$ Ho$ à{V n«o‘ Am¡a ghmZw^y{V
H$m ì¶dhma H$aVm h¡ Am¡a ¶{X dh {ejU-{d{Y¶m| Ed§ C{MV {ejU-{d{Y¶m|
Ed§ C{MV {ejU-gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ H$aVm h¡, Vmo ~mbH$ H$m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
hmoZm ñdm^m{dH$ h¡&
9. emar[aH$ ñdmñ϶
emar[aH$ ñdmñ϶ hr ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m ‘w»¶ AmYma h¡& AañVw Zo ^r H$hm
h¡ {H$ ñdñW eara ‘| hr ñdñW ‘pñVîH$ H$m {Z‘m©U hmoVm h¡& emar[aH$ ÑpîQ>
www.praganya.org
go g~b Am¡a ñdñW ~mbH$ A{YH$ n[al‘ H$aHo$ AñdñW ~mbH$ H$s Anojm
AnZo ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s J{V H$mo AÀN>o T>§J go {dH${gV H$a gH$Vm h¡&
Bgr{bE àmMrZ H$mb go hr Bg Amoa ܶmZ {X¶m OmVm ahm h¡&
10. g‘mO
‘Zwî¶ EH$ gm‘m{OH$ àmUr h¡& g‘mO hr CZHo$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s J{V
Am¡a gr‘m H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡& ¶{X g‘mO AnZo ZmJ[aH$m| Ho$ {bE AÀN>o
www.praganya.org
{dÚmb¶, nwñVH$mb¶, dmMZmb¶m| Ed§ ‘Zmoa§OZ Ho$ gmYZm| H$s ì¶dñWm H$aVm
h¡, Vmo ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$mo gVV² {dH${gV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
BZ gw{dYmAm| Ho$ Z hmoZo go ~mbH$m| Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s J{V, {Xem Am¡a
gr‘m g§Hw${MV hmo OmVr h¡&
~mbH$ H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘o§ hmoZo dmbo ‘mZ{gH$ n[adV©Zm| H$m
H«$‘~Õ Aܶ¶Z H$aZo go kmV hmoVm h¡ {H$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg EH$ ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU©
nj h¡& ¶{X ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m ñdê$n Ed§ CZHo$ à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m|
H$s OmZH$mar hmo Vmo ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$mo Vrd« J{V àXmZ H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
{ejm ~mbH$mo§ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m {Z^mVr h¡& ‘mVm-{nVm
www.praganya.org
Am¡a {ejH$m| H$m ¶h Amdí¶H$ H$Îm©ì¶ h¡ {H$ do ~mbH$m| H$mo C{MV Adga d
dmVmdaU àXmZ H$aHo$ CÀMV‘ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$a|&
3.3.4 ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s {deofVmE±
‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s Hw$N> {deofVmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg {eewAm| H$s Am¶w Ho$ gmW ~‹T>Vm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m|
Ho$ AZwgma OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ ~mbH$m| ‘| EH$ gm‘mݶ Amdoe H$m
{M• nm¶m OmVm h¡& BgHo$ 3 ‘hrZo ~mX ~mbH$m| ‘| g§doJmË‘H$
{dH$mg hmoVm h¡ {Og‘| ~mbH$m| ‘| Xþ…I VWm AmZÝX Xmo Vah Ho$
g§doJ {dH${gV hmoVo h¢& BgHo$ Hw$N> ‘hrZo ~mX {eew ‘| à˶jmË‘H$
{díbofU H$aZo H$s AdñWm AmZo na do eof gà˶¶ {dH${gV H$aZm
ewê$ H$a XoVo h¢ VWm AnZr ñ‘¥{V Ho$ AmYma na à˶oH$ dñVw H$m
ñ‘¥{V {MÌ ^r ~ZmZm àmaå^ H$a XoVo h¢& AV… ~mbH$m| ‘| ‘mZ{gH$
{dH$mg Am¶w Ho$ gmW A{YH$ n[an³d hmoVm OmVm h¡&
2. ~mbH$m| ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW-gmW CZH$s Amdí¶H$VmAm|
Ed§ ê${M¶m| ‘| {dñVma hmoVm h¡& OÝ‘ Ho$ 2 gámh go 2 gmb H$s
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
Ad{Y ‘| ^yI-߶mg go gå~{ÝYV Amdí¶H$VmE± ~më¶mdñWm VH$
AmVo-AmVo {Ibm¡Zm| d Iob H$s Amdí¶H$Vm ‘| ~Xb OmVr h¡&
3. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m gå~ÝY ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmAm| Ed§ {H«$¶mAm| go
hmoVm h¡&
4. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW hr ~mbH$m| Ho$ ‘Z ‘| Z¶o-Z¶o {dMma Ed§
qMVZ AmZm ewê$ hmo OmVm h¡& ~mbH$ {H$gr KQ>Zm H$m {díbofU H$a
Cggo Z¶o-Z¶o AZw^d àmá H$aZo H$s j‘Vm {dH${gV H$a boVm h¡,
Omo ^{dî¶ ‘| H$m‘ AmVr h¡&
5. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW hr ~mbH$m| ‘| g‘¶ gå~ÝYr eãXmdbr
^r {dH${gV hmo OmVr h¡& 6-7 gmb H$s AdñWm VH$ ~mbH$ àm¶…
gw~h, amV, J«rî‘, gXu O¡go eãXm| H$mo OmZ OmVm h¡&
6. 15 ‘hrZo VH$ Omo {eew AnZr BÀN>m Ed§ ‘Zmod¥[Îm H$s A{^ì¶p³V
hmd-^md Ed§ g§Ho$V go H$aVo h¢& ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| d¥{Õ hmoZo go do
Cgo eãXm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| A{^춳V H$aZo H$s j‘Vm {dH${gV H$a boVo
h¢& Amaå^ ‘| ^mfm ‘| AñnîQ>Vm hmoVr h¡, naÝVw Yrao-Yrao Cg‘|
ñnîQ>Vm Ed§ ewÕVm AmZo bJVr h¡&
7. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| d¥{Õ Ho$ gmW hr ~mbH$m| ‘| ¶moOZm ~ZmZo H$s
j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡&
8. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg go ~mbH$m| ‘| JV AZw^dm| go Cn¶w³V bm^ CR>mZo
H$s j‘Vm {dH${gV hmo OmVr h¡&
‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| EH$ H«$‘~ÕVm hmoVr h¡& ¶h {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m
OÝ‘ go n[an³dVm VH$ H«${‘H$ T>§J go MbVr ahVr h¡& O¡go-O¡go ~mbH$
AnZo ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ CÀMV‘ {eIa Ho$ ZOXrH$ AmVm OmVm h¡, CgH$s
‘mZ{gH$ j‘Vm¶| H$m’$s gwÑ‹T> hmoVr OmVr h¡ VWm àm¶… 18-19 gmb VH$
AnZo CÀMV‘ {eIa na nhþ±M OmVr h¡& AV… ¶hr AdñWm ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
H$s {eIa AdñWm ‘mZr OmVr h¡&
3.3.5 ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Am¡a {ejm
{d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg Ho$ ñdê$n H$m kmZ Am¡a
‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| Am¡a j‘VmAm| ‘| Am¶w Ho$ gmW-gmW hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm|
H$s A‘yë¶ OmZH$mar AܶmnH$ Ho$ {bE ~hþV hr Cn¶moJr {gÕ hmo gH$Vr h¡&
Bg Cn¶mo{JVm H$mo g§{já ê$n ‘| {ZåZ àH$ma 춳V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡…-
1. {d{^ÝZ Am¶w ñVam| na nmR>²¶H«$‘ gå~ÝYr Am¡a ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm|
VWm AZw^dm| Ho$ M¶Z Am¡a {Z¶moOZ ‘| Bggo ghm¶Vm {‘b gH$Vr
h¡&
2. {H$g {d{Y Am¡a VarHo$ go n‹T>m¶m Om¶o, ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r VWm {ejU
gmYZ {H$g àH$ma à¶moJ ‘| bmE Om¶|, e¡j{UH$ dmVmdaU {H$g
àH$ma H$m hmo, ¶h g~ {ZpíMV H$aZo ‘| ^r AܶmnH$ H$mo Bggo
ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡&
3. {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| Am¡a Am¶w ñVa na ~ÀMm| H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ~w{Õ Am¡a
{dH$mg H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIVo hþE Cn¶w³V nmR²>¶ nwñVH|$ V¡¶ma H$aZo ‘|
^r Bggo ghm¶Vm {‘b gH$Vr h¡&
4. BgH$s ghm¶Vm go AܶmnH$ H$mo ¶h kmV hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ EH$
{deof àH$ma H$s n‹T>mB© Am¡a H$m¶©, {OÝh| H$aZo Ho$ {bE Hw$N> {deof
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
{dH${gV ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m§o H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡, Cn¶w³V g‘¶
na CZ ep³V¶m| Ho$ {dH${gV hmoZo na hr àmaå^ H$amZo Mm{hE&
AZmdí¶H$ erK«Vm Am¡a Xoar, XmoZm| hr Bg AdñWm ‘| hm{ZH$maH$
{gÕ hmo gH$Vr h¢&
5. Bg àH$ma Ho$ kmZ Ûmam AܶmnH$ AnZo {eî¶m| H$s ‘mZ{gH$
ep³V¶m| Am¡a j‘VmAm| Ho$ nyU© {dH$mg ‘| nyU© gh¶moJ àXmZ H$a
gH$Vm h¡& dh CÝh| g‘mYmZ Am¡a g¥OZmË‘H$ A{^ì¶p³V Ho$ {bE
n¶m©á à{ejU Xo gH$Vm h¡& {~Zm gmoMo g‘Po VmoVo H$s Vah aQ>Zo
Am¡a AÝYm| H$s Vah BYa-CYa hmW ‘ma H$a H$m¶© ‘| g’$b hmoZo
Ho$ {bE à¶mg H$aZo H$s Anojm VH©$ ep³V¶m| VWm gyP$-~yP Ho$
AmYma na ¶mX aIZo Am¡a Aݶ H$m¶© gånÝZ H$aZo ‘| ^r dh CZH$s
ghm¶Vm H$a gH$Vm h¡& CZHo$ {ZarjU, à˶jrH$aU, gm‘mݶrH$aU
gå~ÝYr ¶mo½¶Vm H$mo {dH${gV H$aZo ‘| ^r CZH$s ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m|
H$s d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg Ho$ ñVa H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIVo hþE dh CZH$s nyar
‘XX H$a gH$Vm h¡&
Bg Vah go EH$ AܶmnH$ ‘mZ{gH$ d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg Ho$ g^r nhbwAm|
Am¡a CZHo$ {d{^ÝZ ñVam| na hmoZo dmbo gm‘mݶ Am¡a {d{eîQ> n[adV©Z H$mo
ܶmZ ‘| aIVo hþE AnZo {eî¶m| H$mo ‘mZ{gH$ d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg Ho$ nW na
AÀN>r Vah go AJ«ga H$a gH$Vm h¡& dh Z Ho$db CZH$s ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m|
Am¡a ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| hr ghm¶Vm H$aVm h¡, ~pëH$ CÝh| BZ ep³V¶m|
Am¡a ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m CgHo$ ñd¶§ Am¡a g‘mO Ho$ bm^ H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIVo hþE
{ddoH$ Am¡a ~w{Õ‘ÎmmnyU© Cn¶moJ H$aZo ‘| ^r g‘W© ~Zm gH$Vm h¡&
3.3.6 ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd
~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. CÀM {dH${gV ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg dmbo ~mbH$ {ejU ‘| {deof ê${M
boVo h¢&
2. ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {dH${gV ~mbH$ H${R>Z {df¶dñVw H$mo gabVm go
g‘P boVo h¢&
3. Eogo ~mbH$ V϶m| H$m gm‘mݶrH$aU Ed§ {ZU©¶ boZo ‘| A{YH$ Hw$eb
hmoVo h¢&
4. Bg àH$ma H$o ~mbH$ CnbpãY narjU ‘| ^r AnZr ¶mo½¶Vm Ho$
AZwgma hr AÀN>o A§H$ A{O©V H$aVo h¢&
5. Bg àH$ma Ho$ ~mbH$m| ‘| g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s {d{eîQ> ¶mo½¶Vm hmoVr
h¡ VWm do ñd¶§ hr AnZr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ ImoOZo ‘| gj‘
hmoVo h¢&
3.4 ~mbH$ H$m gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg
OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ {eew ‘| gm‘m{OH$Vm bJ^J eyݶ hmoVr h¡ AWm©V² {eew Z Vmo
gm‘m{OH$ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Z hr Agm‘m{OH$& O¡go-O¡go CgH$m emar[aH$ Am¡a
‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡, d¡go-d¡go CgH$m gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ^r hmoVm h¡&
AnZo n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶m|, AnZo g‘yh Ho$ gm{W¶m|, AnZo g‘mO H$s g§ñWmAm|
Am¡a naånamAm| Ed§ AnZr ñd¶§ H$s é{M¶m| Am¡a BÀN>mAm| go à^m{dV hmoH$a
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 33
dh AnZo gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma H$m {Z‘m©U Am¡a AnZm gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$aVm
h¡& gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma ‘| pñWaVm Z hmoH$a n[adV©ZerbVm hmoVr h¡& AV: g‘¶
Am¡a n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ AZwgma Cg‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm ahVm h¡ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$
{dH$mg EH$ {ZpíMV {Xem H$s Amoa ~‹T>Vm OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma g‘mOrH$aU H$s
à[H«$¶m Xÿgao ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ gmW {eew Ho$ àW‘ gånH©$ go Amaå^ hmoVr h¡ Am¡a
AmOrdZ MbVr ahVr h¡&
3.4.1 gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$m AW©
gm‘m{OH$ AmXem], naånamAm| Ed§ ê${‹T>¶m| Ho$ AZwgma g‘mO Ho$ Aݶ bmoJm| Ho$
gh¶moJ go Omo ì¶dhma {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Cgo gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Ho$ AÝVJ©V aIm
OmVm h¡& gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ì¶p³V H$o g‘mOrH$aU H$s à{H«$¶m h¡& {dÛmZm| Zo
gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$s n[a^mfmE± Bg àH$ma Xr h¢-
1. habm°H$ Ho$ AZwgma-
gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$m AW© gm‘m{OH$ gå~ÝYm| ‘| n[an³dVm àmßV H$aZm h¡&
2. gmoaoÝgZ Ho$ AZwgma-
gm‘m{OH$ A{^d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg H$m AW© h¡ AnZr Am¡a Xÿgam| H$s CÝZ{V Ho$ {bE
¶mo½¶Vm H$s d¥{Õ&
3. am°g Ho$ AZwgma-
gh¶moJ H$aZo dmbm| ‘| h‘ H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg Am¡a CZHo$ gmW H$m‘ H$aZo H$s
j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg VWm g§H$ën g‘mOrH$aU H$hbmVm h¡&
3.4.2 ~më¶mdñWm ‘| gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg
Bg AdñWm ‘| gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ~hþV VoOr go hmoVm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$
~mø ê$n go g‘mO Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| AmVm h¡ {Og H$maU gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘|
Vrd«Vm hmoVr h¡& ~më¶mdñWm ‘| hmoZo dmbo gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$mo {ZåZ àH$ma
go 춳V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. bJ^J 6 df© H$s Am¶w ‘| ~mbH$ àmW{‘H$ {dÚmb¶ ‘| àdoe H$aVm
h¡& dhm± dh EH$ ZE dmVmdaU go AZwHy$bZ H$aZm, gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶m]
‘| ^mJ boZm Am¡a ZE {‘Ì ~ZmZm grIVm h¡&
2. AZwHy$bZ H$aZo Ho$ CnamÝV, ~mbH$ H$o ì¶dhma ‘| CÝZ{V Am¡a
n[adV©Z Amaå^ hmo OmVm h¡& ’$bñdê$n, CgHo$ ñdVÝÌVm, ghm¶Vm
Am¡a CÎmaXm{¶Ëd Ho$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg hmoZo bJVm h¡&
3. Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$-~m{bH$m¶| {H$gr Z {H$gr Q>mobr ¶m g‘yh Ho$
gXñ¶ hmoVo h¢ Am¡a Q>mobr ¶m g‘yh Ho$ Iob, dñÌm| H$s ngÝX Am{X
H$m hr do AZwgaU H$aVo h¢& CZHo$ g‘yh ¶m Q>mobr Ûmam hr C{MV-
AZw{MV AmXem©| H$m ^r {ZYm©aU {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma ~mbH$
Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo ZB© {Xem àmá hmoVr h¡&
4. g‘yh H$m gXñ¶ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ ‘| AZoH$ gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m
{dH$mg hmoVm h¡& Cg‘| gh¶moJ, gmhg, CÎmaXm{¶Ëd, ghZerbVm,
gX²^mdZm, AmË‘{Z¶ÝÌU, ݶm¶{à¶Vm Am{X JwUm| H$m CX¶ hmoZo
bJVm h¡&
5. Bg AdñWm ‘| b‹S>H$m| H$s Xm¡‹S>Zo-^mJZo dmbo Iobm|, Ka Ho$ ~mha
 n¥îR> 34 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
Ky‘Zo, ‘maYm‹S> dmbo H$m¶© Ed§ ‘maYm‹S> dmbr {’$ë‘| XoIZo ‘| A{YH$
ê${M hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ ~m{bH$m¶| ZmM-JmZm, H$‹T>mB©-~wZmB© VWm
Kaoby H$m¶m] ‘| A{YH$ ê${M boVr h¡& H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma- Bg
AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ H$mo AnZo {චH$m¶m] ‘| ~hþV ê${M hmo OmVr h¡,
na ~mbH$m| Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ BZ H$m¶m] ‘| ñnîQ> AÝVa {XIm¶r
XoZo bJVm h¡&
6. Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ AnZo {ejH$ H$m gå‘mZ Adí¶ H$aVm h¡,
naÝVw CZH$m n[ahmg H$aZo H$s àd¥[Îm ^r Cg‘| hmoVr h¡&
7. ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$-~m{bH$mE± àm¶… Ka Ho$ ~mha ahZm MmhVo h¢,
naÝVw CZHo$ ì¶dhma ‘| {eîQ>Vm hmoVr h¡& do Xÿgam| na AnZm à^md
Ed§ N>mn N>mo‹S>Zm MmhVo h¢ do AnZo H$mo Xÿgao Ho$ g‘j {e{jV Ed§
gwg§ñH¥$V hmoZo H$m Am^mg H$amZm MmhVo h¢&
8. ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$-~m{bH$mE± gm‘m{OH$ ñdrH¥${V VWm àe§gm
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nmZo Ho$ Vrd« BÀNw>H$ hmoVo h¢& do Aݶ ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ g‘j Eogo H$m¶©
VWm AmMaU H$mo àñVwV H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢, {OÝh| Aݶ
ì¶p³V ngÝX H$ao VWm do àe§gm ^r H$a|& do N>moQ>o ~ÀMm| H$s ghm¶Vm
H$aZo, nm[adm[aH$ H$m¶m] ‘| ghm¶Vm H$aZo, n‹T>Zo, {bIZo VWm ~‹S>m|
Ho$ AmXoem| H$m nmbZ H$aVo h¢&
9. ào‘ VWm ñZoh go d§{MV ~mbH$ Am¡a ~m{bH$m¶| Bg Am¶w ‘| CÔÊS>
ñd^md Ho$ hmo OmVo h¢& do AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm, n[adma VWm ~wOwJm]
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Am{X H$m ñZoh, Xþbma Am¡a g§ajU nmZo Ho$ {bE Vrd« BÀNw>H$ hmoVo
h¢, {Oggo CZHo$ A§Xa gH$mamË‘H$ gm‘m{OH$ JwU {dH${gV hmoVo
h¢ VWm BgH$o {dnarV ào‘ d ñZoh go d§{MV ~mbH$m| ‘| ZH$mamË‘H$
gm‘m{OH$ JwU {dH${gV hmoVo h¢&
10. Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$-~m{bH$mE± {‘Ìm| H$m MwZmd H$aVo h¢ Am¡a H$jm
Ho$ ghnmR>r, Amg-n‹S>mog Ho$ g‘mZ C‘« Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$mo hr AnZm
{‘Ì ~ZmVo h¢& do AnZo {‘Ìm| Ho$ ÑpîQ>H$moU, {dMma, AmXV Am{X Ho$
{bE CZH$m AZwgaU H$aVo h¢&
11. Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ‘| ZB© ~mVm| H$s ImoO H$aZo H$s ê${M CËnÝZ
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hmo OmVr h¡& dh AnZr Q>mobr, n‹S>mog, {dÚmb¶ VWm Aݶ ñWmZm|
Ho$ ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ZB© ~mVm| H$s ImoO H$aVm h¡ Am¡a AnZo
gm{W¶m| H$mo CÝh| ~VmZo ‘| Jd© VWm AmZÝX H$m AZw^d H$aVm h¡&
12. H«$mo EÊS> H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-
6 go 10 df© VH$ ~mbH$ AnZo dm§N>Zr¶ VWm Adm§N>Zr¶ ì¶dhma ‘|
{ZaÝVa àJ{V H$aVm ahVm h¡& dh ~hþYm CÝht H$m¶m] H$mo H$aVm h¡, {OZHo$
{H$¶o OmZo H$m H$moB© C{MV H$maU Zht OmZ n‹S>Vm h¡&
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ~m{bH$mAm| Ûmam AmM[aV {H$¶o OmZo dmbo
gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhmam| Ho$ Aܶ¶Z go ¶h ñnîQ> ê$n go nVm MbVm h¡ {H$ Bg
AdñWm ‘| gm‘m{OH$ OrdZ H$m joÌ {dñV¥V hmo OmVm h¡& {Og H$maUde
~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘mOrH$aU Ho$ Adga d gå^mdZmAm| ‘| ~‹T>V hmoVr h¡&
3.4.3 gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$
{d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘o§ hmoZo dmbo gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$mo AZoH$ H$maH$ à^m{dV
H$aVo h¢, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
1. d§emZwH«$‘
‘Zmd¡km{ZH$ ‘mZVo h¢ {H$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg na d§emZwH«$‘ H$m Hw$N> Z Hw$N>
à^md Vmo Adí¶ hr n‹S>Vm h¡& d§emZwH«$‘ ì¶{³V Ho$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
Ho$ gmW-gmW gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$mo ^r à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& AZoH$ gm‘m{OH$
JwU ì¶p³V H$mo AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm, nyd©Om| Ed§ d§eOm| go àmá hmoVo h¢& ~mbH$
Ho$ AÝXa AZoH$ gm‘m{OH$ JwU O¡go-namonH$ma, X¶m, Amngr gh¶moJ, {ZY©Z
H$s ghm¶Vm H$aZm Am{X AmZwd§{eH$ d ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ AmYma na hr AmVo h¢&
2. emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg go K{ZîR>
gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {dH${gV ~mbH$ H$m gm‘m{OH$
{dH$mg ^r AÀN>o go hmoVm h¡ ~pëH$ dht AñdñW emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
dmbo ~mbH$ H$m gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ^r ghr go Zht hmoVm& An§J, ~r‘ma,
Aën~w{Õ dmbo ~mbH$ àm¶… g‘mO go {VañH¥$V ahVo h¢ VWm CZ‘| hrZ ^mdZm
H$m CX¶ hmo OmVm h¡& do ñd¶§ H$mo Aݶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW g‘m¶mo{OV Zht H$a
nmVo h¢& à{V^membr ~mbH$ ^r ñd¶§ H$mo AnZo ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ H$maU
gm‘m{OH$ ê$n go g‘m¶mo{OV H$aZo ‘| Ag‘W© hmoVm h¡&
3. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg
~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$m EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© AmYma CgH$m g§doJmË‘H$
{dH$mg h¡& H«$moY d B©î¶m© H$aZo dmbm ~mbH$ Xÿgao H$s K¥Um H$m nmÌ ~Z OmVm
h¡& CgHo$ {dnarV, ào‘ Am¡a {dZmoX go n[anyU© ~mbH$ g^r H$mo AnZr Amoa
AmH${f©V H$aVm h¡& Eogr pñW{V ‘| XmoZm| ~mbH$m| Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| AÝVa
hmoZm ñdm^m{dH$ h¡& dñVwV: O¡gm {H$ H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Zo {bIm h¡ -
g§doJmË‘H$ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg gmW-gmW MbVo h¢&
4. n[adma
~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$m àmaå^ n[adma go hr hmoVm h¡& n[adma Ho$
dmVmdaU, g§ñH¥${V, gXñ¶mo§ H$m AmMaU, {ejmñVa, gh¶moJ, bmbZ-nmbZ
Am{X H$m à^md ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg na n‹S>Vm h¡& n[adma Ho$ ~‹S>o bmoJm|
H$m O¡gm AmMaU hmoVm h¡, ~mbH$ ^r d¡gm hr AmMaU H$aZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aVm
h¡& AV… n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶ VWm ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ AmMaU H$m ~ÀMm| Ho$ ì¶dhma
na ~hþV A{YH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&
5. Am{W©H$ pñW{V
n[adma d ‘mVm-{nVm H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V H$m ~mbH$m| Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg
na à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& YZr ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~mbH$ AÀN>o ‘mhm¡b ‘§o ahVo h¢, AÀN>o
ì¶p³V¶m| go {‘bVo-OwbVo h¢, AÀN>o {dÚmb¶ ‘| {ejm àmá H$aVo h¢& AV…
CZH$m CÀM gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg hmoZm ñdm^m{dH$ hr h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV {ZY©Z
‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMo CÎm‘ dmVmdaU, C{MV gånH©$ VWm AÀN>o {dÚmb¶m| Ho$
A^md ‘| g‘w{MV gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg go d§{MV ah OmVo h¢&
6. nmbZ-nmofU H$s {d{Y
‘mVm-{nVm Ûmam ~mbH$ Ho$ nmbZ-nmofU H$s {d{Y CgHo$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg
na ~hþV Jham à^md S>mbVr h¡, CXmhaUmW©, g‘mZVm Ho$ AmYma na nmbm
OmZo dmbm ~mbH$ H$ht ^r AnZr hrZVm H$m AZw^d Zht H$aVm h¡ Am¡a ~hþV
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
bm‹S>-߶ma go nmbm OmZo dmbm ~mbH$ Xÿgao ~mbH$m| go Xÿa ahZm ngÝX H$aVm
h¡& AV: XmoZm| H$m gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Xmo {^ÝZ {XemAm| ‘| hmoVm h¡&
7. g‘mO
g‘mO H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| {deof ñWmZ hmoVm h¡& g‘mO Ho$
H$m¶©, AmXe© Am¡a à{V‘mZ ~mbH$ Ho$ ÑpîQ>H$moU H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo h¢& ~mbH$
ñd¶§ H$mo g‘mO Ho$ AZwgma hr g‘m¶mo{OV H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡& AV…
J«m‘, eha, OZVÝÌ d amOVÝÌ ‘| ì¶p³V H$m gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ
àH$ma go hmoVm h¡&
8. {dÚmb¶
n[adma Ho$ CnamÝV ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| {dÚmb¶ H$m ‘hÎdnyU©
ñWmZ h¡& {dÚmb¶m| ‘| ~mbH$ ghnmR>r d AܶmnH$m| go {‘bVo-OwbVo h¢ VWm
nañna gh¶moJ H$aHo$ {d{^ÝZ gm‘y{hH$ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| ^mJ boVo h¢, Omo CZH$s
gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$s J{V H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡, naÝVw ¶{X {dÚmb¶ H$m
dmVmdaU ^¶¶w³V Ed§ d‘Z na AmYm[aV hmoJm, Vmo ~mbH$ H$m gm‘m{OH$
{dH$mg Hw$pÊR>V hmoJm&
9. {ejH$
~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg na AܶmnH$m| H$m ‘hÎdnyU© à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&
N>mÌ AnZo {ejH$ H$m hr AZwH$aU H$aVo h¢& ¶{X AܶmnH$ emÝV, {eîQ> VWm
gh¶moJr hmoVm h¡, Vmo N>mÌ ‘| ^r {eîQ>Vm, Y¡¶© Ed§ ghH$m[aVm H$m JwU {dH${gV
hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ¶{X {ejH$ H«$moYr Am¡a A{eîQ> hmoJm Vmo {dÚmWu ^r Cgr Ho$
g‘mZ ~Z OmVo h¢& EH$ ¶mo½¶ {ejH$ ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg na {ZíM¶
hr à^md S>mbVm h¡&
10. g‘yh ¶m Q>mobr
g‘yh ¶m Q>mobr Ho$ gXñ¶ H$o ê$n ‘| ~mbH$ BVZm ì¶dhma-Hw$eb hmo OmVm h¡
{H$ g‘mO ‘§o àdoím H$aZo Ho$ ~mX Cgo {H$gr àH$ma H$s H${R>ZmB© H$m AZw^d
Zht hmoVm h¡& habm°H$ Ho$ BZ eãXm| ‘|-
g‘yh Ho$ à^mdm| Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma H$m Eogm ‘hÎdnyU© à{ejU
àmá H$aZm h¡ O¡gm àm¡‹T>-g‘mO Ûmam {ZYm©[aV H$s JB© XemAm| ‘| CVZr g’$bVm go
àmá Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
11. IobHy$X
~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg na IobHy$X H$m {deof à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& Iobm| Ho$
‘mܶ‘ go CZ‘| gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡, Omo CZHo$ OrdZ ^a H$m‘
AmVm h¡& pñH$Za Ed§ h¡[a‘Z Zo {bIm h¡ {H$-
Iob H$m ‘¡XmZ ~mbH$ H$m {Z‘m©U ñWb h¡ ¶hm± Cgo àXmZ {H$¶o OmZo dmbo gm‘m{OH$
Am¡a ¶m§{ÌH$ CnH$aU CgHo$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$mo {Z{íMV H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm XoVo h¢&
12. Aݶ H$maH$
~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$mo Aݶ H$maH$ ^r à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& O¡go-
g§ñH¥${V, {gZo‘m, H¡$ån OrdZ, ao{S>¶mo, gm‘mMma-nÌ, gm{h˶, H$å߶yQ>a,
BÝQ>aZoQ>, Ym{‘©H$ g§ñWmE± Am{X Omo ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| ‘hÎdnyU©
^y{‘H$m AXm H$aVo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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n¥îR> 35
{d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Ed§ CZH$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo
H$maH$m| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZo go kmV hmoVm h¡ {H$ EH$ ‘mZd OrdZ ‘| gm‘m{OH$
{dH$mg ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU© h¡, ³¶m|{H$ gm‘m{OH$ àmUr ~ZZo Ho$ {bE g‘mOrH$aU
H$s à{H«$¶m ~hþV Amdí¶H$ h¡& gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$,
‘mZ{gH$ Am¡a g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg go K{ZîR> gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& {ejU g§ñWmAm|
‘| ñdñW gm‘m{OH$ AÝV{H©«$¶m Ho$ Adga àXmZ H$aHo$ g‘mOrH$aU H$s à{H«$¶m
H$mo ‘O~yV ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡& gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU {ZaÝVa n[adV©Zerb ahVm
h¡, {OgHo$ AZwgma ì¶p³V H$mo ñd¶§ H$mo g‘m¶mo{OV H$aZm hmoVm h¡&
3.4.4 gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$s {deofVmE±
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$s {ZåZ{b{IV {deofVmAm| H$mo
ñnîQ> {H$¶m h¡-
1. gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Ho$ AZwê$n ~mbH$ ‘| g‘mO Ho$ {Z¶‘m| Ho$ AZwH$yb
ì¶dhma H$aZo H$s j‘Vm {dH${gV hmo OmVr h¡&
2. gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg go ~mbH$ ‘| g‘mO Ho$ bmoJm| Ed§ gm‘m{OH$
{H«$¶mAm| Ho$ à{V EH$ YZmË‘H$ ‘Zmod¥[Îm {dH${gV hmoVr h¡&
3. gm‘m[OH$ AnojmAm| Ho$ AZwê$n ì¶dhma H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm¶| ~mbH$
àmá H$a boVm h¡&
4. gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Ho$ AZwê$n ~mbH$ g‘mO ‘| AZw‘mo{XV gm‘m{OH$
^y{‘H$m¶| H$aZm grIVm h¡&
3.4.5 gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$m e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd
1. ~mbH$-~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE gm‘m{OH$ ÑpîQ>
go Amdí¶H$ Iob Am{X {IbmZo Mm{hE&
2. ~mbH$-~m{bH$mAm| H$mo EH$ gmW IobZo XoZm gm‘m{OH$ ÑpîQ> go
AZwHy$b h¡, {Oggo CZ‘| Amngr g‘P-~yP ~‹T>Vr h¡&
3. g‘w{MV gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg go ~mbH$ AmkmH$mar Ed§ AZwemgZ
{චhmoVo h¢&
4. ~mha Ky‘Zo O¡go {nH${ZH$, H¡$ån Am{X Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ^r ~mbH$m| H$m
gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& e¡{jH$ n¶©Q>Z ^r gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘|
Cn¶moJr h¡&
5. ~mbH$m| H$mo {dÚmb¶ Ho$ à˶oH$ H$m¶© ‘| {hñgm boZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV
H$aZo go ^r CZH$m gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
6. Eogo ~mbH$ gm‘m{OH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ {ZamH$aU ‘| gh¶moJ H$aVo h¢&
3.5 g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg
~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJ CgHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg Am¡a ì¶dhma Ho$ AmYma h¢& ào‘, hf©
Am¡a CËgwH$Vm Ho$ g‘mZ A{^ZÝXZr¶ g§doJ CgHo$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$ Am¡a
gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| ¶moJ XoVo h¢, O~{H$ ^¶, H«$moY Am¡a B©î¶m© O¡go {ZÝXZr¶
g§doJ CgHo$ {dH$mg H$mo {dH¥$V Am¡a Hw$pÊR>V H$a gH$Vo h¢& JoQ²>g d Aݶ Zo
{bIm h¡ {H$-
~mbH$ H$m g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma CgHo$ {dH$mg Ho$ Aݶ nhbwAm| Ho$ AZwê$n hmoVm h¡
Am¡a CZgo CZH$m AÝV: gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡&
 n¥îR> 36 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
3.5.1 g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$m AW©
~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJm| Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$hVo h¢& ~mbH$ ‘| ‘yb
àd¥{Îm¶m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$moB© g§doJ {N>nm hmoVm h¡- O¡go nbm¶Z Ho$ nrN>o ^¶& O~
¶o g§doJ ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma Ho$ ñWm¶r AmYma ~Z OmVo h¢, Vmo BÝh| ñWm¶r ^md
H$hm OmVm h¡& O¡go-O¡go ~mbH$ H$m emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡,
CgHo$ g§doJm| ‘| ^r {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
g§doJ, ì¶p³V H$mo {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo grIZo CgHo$ gm‘m{OH$, Z¡{VH$,
Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& g§doJ, dmñVd ‘| CnÐd H$s AdñWm
h¡& Bg‘| ì¶p³V gm‘mݶ Zht ahVm h¡& g§doJ H$s n[a^mfmE± Bg àH$ma h¢ -
1. am°g Ho$ AZwgma-
g§doJ MoVZm H$s dh AdñWm h¡ {Og‘| amJmË‘H$ VÎd H$s àYmZVm ahVr h¡&
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2. dobÊQ>mBZ Ho$ AZwgma-
O~ amJmË‘H$ àH¥${V H$m doJ ~‹T> OmVm h¡ V^r g§doJ H$s CËn[Îm hmoVr h¡&
3. dwS>dW© Ho$ AZwgma-
g§doJ, ì¶p³V H$s CÎmo{OV Xem h¡&
4. OaerëS> Ho$ AZwgma-
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{H$gr ^r àH$ma Ho$ AmXoe AmZo, ^‹S>H$ CR>Zo VWm CÎmo{OV hmo OmZo H$s AdñWm
H$mo g§doJ H$hVo h¢&
5. nr.Q>r. ¶§J Ho$ AZwgma-
g§doJ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$maH$m| go CËnÞ gånyU© ì¶p³V Ho$ Vrd« CnÐd H$s AdñWm h¡,
{Og‘§o ì¶dhma, MoVZm, AZw^d Am¡a A^mamd¶d Ho$ H$m¶© g{ÝZ{hV ahVo h¢&
BZ n[a^mfmAm| go g§doJm| H$s {ZåZ{b{IV {deofVmAm| H$s A{^ì¶p³V
hmoVr h¡ -
1. g§doJ H$s AdñWm ‘o§ ì¶p³V gm‘mݶ Zht ahVm, CÎmo{OV hmoVm h¡&
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2. g§doJ ‘| AZw^y{V MoVZ hmoVr h¡ Am¡a emar[aH$ n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢&
3. g§doJ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ n[apñW{V ¶m CÎmoOH$ Ho$ H$maU CËnÝZ hmoVo h¢&
AV: ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ g§doJ EH$ {deof ‘mZ{gH$ Xem h¡ {Og‘| ì¶p³V
H$s emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ Xem VWm ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡& {d{^ÝZ
AdñWmAm| ‘| ~mbH$ H$m g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg Am¡a ì¶dhma, {ejH$ Ho$ {bE
{deof Aܶ¶Z H$m {df¶ h¡&
3.5.2 ~më¶mdñWm ‘| g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg
e¡edmdñWm Ho$ ~mX ~mbH$ ~më¶mdñWm ‘| àdoe H$aVm h¡& 6 df© H$s Am¶w go
{H$emoamdñWm Amaå^ hmoZo VH$ H$m g‘¶ ~më¶mdñWm H$hbmVm h¡& g§doJmË‘H$
{dH$mg H$s ÑpîQ> go ~më¶mdñWm EH$ AZmoIr AdñWm h¡& ~më¶mdñWm ‘| g§doJm|
H$s A{^ì¶p³V ‘| gm‘m{OH$Vm H$m ^md AmZo bJVm h¡ VWm ~mbH$ g§doJm| H$s
A{^ì¶p³V na {Z¶ÝÌU H$aZo bJVm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| g§doJm| ‘| pñWaVm
AmZr ewê$ hmo OmVr h¡ d CJ«Vm H$‘ hmoZo bJVr h¡& e¡edmdñWm ‘| CËnÝZ
g§doJm| H$mo ~mbH$ Bg AdñWm ‘| {Z¶{ÝÌV T>§J ‘| A{^춳V H$aZm grI OmVo
h¢& Bg AdñWm Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s {deofVmE± AJ«{b{IV h¢-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
1. g§doJm| H$s CJ«Vm ‘| H$‘r
~më¶mdñWm ‘| g§doJm| H$s CJ«Vm ‘| H$‘r AmZo bJVr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ A~ g‘mOrH$aU
H$s à{H«$¶m ewê$ hmo OmZo Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ Adm§N>Zr¶ g§doJm| H$mo Xÿgao Ho$ gm‘Zo
àH$Q> Zht hmoZo XoVm h¡ VWm Cg‘| CZ g§doJm| Ho$ X‘Z H$s j‘Vm CËnÝZ hmoZo
bJVr h¡&
2. {Okmgm H$s à~bVm
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$-~m{bH$mAm| ‘| {Okmgm àd¥[Îm A˶ÝV à~b hmoVr h¡&
Bgr à~b {Okmgm Ho$ H$maU hr ~mbH$ {OZ-{OZ dñVwAm| Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| AmVm
h¡, CZHo$ gå~ÝY ‘| ³¶m| VWm H¡$go go gå~pÝYV àíZ nyN>H$a CZH$s H$m¶©
àUmbr H$m kmZ àmá H$aZm MmhVm h¡&
3. B©î¶m© H$s ^mdZm
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$/~m{bH$mAm| ‘| B©î¶m© H$s ^mdZm {dH${gV hmo OmVr h¡
VWm do {H$gr Z {H$gr H$maU go AnZo ^mB©-~hZm| ¶m gm{W¶m| H$mo {M‹T>mVo h¢,
PyR>o Amamon bJmVo h¢, {ZÝXm H$aZo bJVo h¢ VWm A³ga CZ na 춧½¶ H$gVo
XoIo OmVo h¢& àm¶… ~mbH$ AnZm H$moB© A{YH$ma N>rZ {b¶o OmZo na Xÿgao
~mbH$ go B©î¶m© H$aVo h¢, {OgH$m CZHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg na ^r AÀN>m
à^md Zht n‹S>Vm h¡&
4. H«$moY H$s A{YH$Vm
~më¶mdñWm ‘| H«$moY H$m g§doJ ^r à~b hmo OmVm h¡, {OgH$m ‘w»¶ H$maU
hVmem h¡& BÀN>m ny{V© ‘| ~mYm n‹S>Zo na AWdm H$m¶m] H$s AZmdí¶H$ AmbmoMZm
H$aZo na ~mbH$ H$mo H«$moY Am OmVm h¡, {OZH$s A{^ì¶p³V dh ‘m¡Z ahH$a,
CXmg hmoH$a AWdm ^mB©-~hZ ¶m gm{W¶m| go PJ‹S>m H$aHo$ d dñVwAm| H$mo
CR>m-nQ>H$ H$aHo$ H$aVm h¡&
5. {Zamem
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ‘| {Zamem H$s ^mdZm ^r AmZo bJVr h¡& n[adma, g‘mO
VWm {dÚmb¶ Ho$ Ûmam ~Zm¶o J¶o AZwemgZ gå~ÝYr {Z¶‘ O~ ~mbH$m| H$s
BÀN>mny{V© ‘| ~mYH$ hmoVo h¢, Vmo BÀN>mAm| Ho$ nyar Z hmoZo Ho$ H$maU ^r ~mbH$m|
‘| {Zamem H$s ^mdZm CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡&
6. ^¶
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ^r ~mbH$ ‘| ^¶ H$m g§doJ OmJ«V hmoVm h¡ Omo e¡edmdñWm Ho$
^¶ go Hw$N> {^ÝZ hmoVm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ^¶ H$m gå~ÝY àm¶… ^mdr H$m¶m]
go hmoVm h¡ O¡go narjm ‘| AÀN>o A§H$ Z àmá H$aZo H$m ^¶, J¥hH$m¶© Z H$aZo na
ñHy$b ‘| XÊS> {‘bZo H$m ^¶ VWm H$jm ‘| àíZ H$m CÎma Z XoZo na AܶmnH$
Ûmam {nQ>mB© H$m ^¶ Am{X&
7. Cëbmg H$s A{YH$Vm
~më¶mdñWm ‘o| ~mbH$/~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| Cëbmg H$s
A{YH$Vm hmo OmVr h¡& do AÀN>o H$n‹S>o, AÀN>m ImZm, IobZo H$s Ny>Q>, Ñí¶
ñWb Ho$ à‘mU Am{X Ho$ Adga {‘bZo na A{YH$ Cëbm{gV hmoVo h¢& Bg‘|
CZH$m g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg g‘w{MV ê$n go hmoVm h¡& Bgr àH$ma AÀN>o àmám§H$,
ê${MH$a ImÚ nXmWm] AWdm dm§{N>V Iob gm‘J«r H$mo XoIH$a ^r ~mbH$
à’w$pëbV hmoVm h¡&
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
8. ñZoh H$s A{^ì¶p³V
~më¶mdñWm ‘| AmVo-AmVo ~mbH$ AnZr ñZoh ^mdZm H$s A{^ì¶p³V CZ
ì¶p³V¶m| AWdm dñVwAm| Ho$ à{V H$aVm h¡ {OZHo$ gmW dh ahZm MmhVm h¡ ¶m
{OZH$s dh ghm¶Vm H$aZm MmhVm h¡& {OZ ì¶p³V¶m| ¶m dñVwAm| Ho$ gånH©$
‘| Cgo gwI {‘bVm h¡, CZHo$ à{V dh AnZo ñZoh H$s A{^ì¶p³V H$aVm h¡&
3.5.3 g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$
habm°H$ Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-
à˶oH$ ~mbH$ ‘| g§doJerbVm H$s Xem CgHo$ ñdmñ϶, {XZ Ho$ g‘¶ Am¡a
dmVmdaU-gå~ÝYr à^mdm| O¡go H$maH$m| na {Z^©a ahZo Ho$ H$maU g‘¶-g‘¶ na
n[ad{V©V hmoVr ahVr h¡&
H$maH$m| na {Z¶ÝÌU ñWm{nV H$aHo$ hr ~mbH$ H$s g§doJerbVm H$mo de
‘| aIm Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Bg àH$ma CgHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo {ZX}{eV
{H$¶m OmVm h¡& g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| H$m g§{já
{ddaU {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
1. d§emZwH«$‘
ì¶p³V d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ ê$n ‘| AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm VWm Aݶ nyd©Om| go AZoH$
emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ JwU d ¶mo½¶VmE± àmá H$aVm h¡, {Oggo CZH$m g§doJmË‘H$
{dH$mg à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&
2. n[adma
habm°H$ Ho$ {dMma go ~mbH$ H$m n[adma CgHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo VrZ
àH$ma go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡; nhbm ¶{X n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶ A˶{YH$ g§doJmË‘H$
hmoVo h¢, Vmo ~mbH$ ^r Cgr àH$ma H$m hmo OmVm h¡& Xÿgam, ¶{X n[adma ‘|
empÝV, gwajm Am¡a AmZÝX Ho$ H$maU CÎmoOZm CËnÝZ Zhr§ hmoVr h¡, Vmo ~mbH$
Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$m ê$n gÝVw{bV hmoVm h¡& Vrgam, ¶{X n[adma ‘§o
b‹S>mB©-PJ‹So$ hmoZm, {‘bZo-OwbZo dmbm| H$m ~hþV AmZm Am¡a ‘Zmoa§OZ H$m
H$m¶©H«$‘ ~ZVo ahZm gmYmaU KQ>ZmE± h¢, Vmo ~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJm| ‘§o CÎmoOZm
CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡&
3. ñdmñ϶
ì¶p³V Ho$ emar[aH$ ñdmñ϶ H$m CgHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg na Jham à^md
n‹S>Vm h¡& emar[aH$ VWm ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go AñdñW ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘|
emar[aH$ VWm ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go ñdñW ~mbH$m| ‘| g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg A{YH$
gÝVmofOZH$ VWm ñdñW ê$n ‘| hmoVm h¡& CZHo$ g§doJm§o ‘| A{YH$ pñWaVm,
{ZpíMVVm VWm ñnîQ>Vm hmoVr h¡& ñdñW ~mbH$m| ‘| YZmË‘H$ g§doJ O¡go-Iwer,
gÝVmof, ào‘, ñZoh Am{X g§doJ A{YH$ hmoVo h¢, O~{H$ AñdñW ~mbH$m| ‘|
G$UmË‘H$ g§doJ O¡go-B©î¶m©, Ûof, Xþ…I, AgÝVmof, {M‹S>{M‹S>mnZ, H«$moY Am{X
g§doJ A{YH$ hmoVo h¢&
4. ~m¡{ÕH$ ¶mo½¶Vm
habm°H$ Ho$ AZwgma ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {nN>‹S>o VWm ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm
‘| AH$mb àm¡‹T> ~mbH$ ‘| ^¶ A{YH$ nm¶m OmVm h¡& BgHo$ A{V[a³V g‘¶
go nyd© n[an³d ~mbH$ AnZr hr Am¶w Ho$ Aݶ ~mbH$m| H$s Anojm A{YH$
S>aVo h¢ ³¶m|{H$ do gå^m{dV IVam| go A{YH$ gmdYmZ hmoVo h¢& {OZ ~mbH$m|
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 37
H$s ~w{Õ gm‘mݶ ñVa go H$‘ hmoVr h¡, CZ‘| g§doJmË‘H$ ApñWaVm H$‘ nm¶r
OmVr h¡, O~{H$ Omo ~mbH$ Hw$emJ« ~w{Õ Ho$ hmoVo h¢, CZ‘| g§doJmË‘H$ ApñWaVm
A{YH$ nm¶r OmVr h¡&
5. n[adma H$m gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Am[W©H$ ñVa
{H$gr n[adma H$m gm‘m{OH$-Am{W©H$ ñVa ^r {H$gr n[adma Ho$ ~mbH$ Ho$
g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo ‘hÎdnyU© ê$n go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& CÀM gm‘m{OH$-
Am{W©H$ ñVa Ho$ ~mbH$ ‘| loîR>Vm H$s ^mdZm VWm BgHo$ {dnarV {ZåZ
gm‘m{OH$ Am{W©H$ ñVa Ho$ n[adma H$o ~mbH$ ‘| hrZVm H$s ^mdZm ^a OmVr
h¡ Ed§ {ZåZ dJ© Ho$ g^r Am¶w Ho$ ~mbH$m| ‘| ‘ܶ‘ VWm CÀM dJ© Ho$ ~mbH$m|
H$s Anojm ^¶ H$s ^mdZm A{YH$ nm¶r OmVr h¡ Ed§ ~mbH$ qhgm go A{YH$
^¶^rV hmoVo h¢, O~{H$ qhgm H$s ^mdZm ‘ܶ‘ VWm CÀM dJ© Ho$ ~mbH$ H$mo
H$‘ à^m{dV H$aVr h¡&
6. ‘mVm-{nVm ¶m A{^^mdH$m| H$m ì¶dhma
~mbH$m| Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$mo CZHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm AWdm A{^^mdH$m| H$m
CZHo$ gmW hmoZo dmbm ì¶dhma H$m’$s hX VH$ à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& CÎm‘ Ed§
AmXe© ì¶dhma CZHo$ g§doJm| na AZwHy$b VWm Iam~ ì¶dhma à{VHy$b à^md
S>mbVm h¡& àm¶… XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ Omo ‘mVm-{nVm AnZo ~ÀMm| H$s Cnojm
H$aVo h¢ CZHo$ ~mbH$ gÝVwbZ Imo ~¡R>Vo h¢ VWm ào‘ Ho$ A^md ‘| Eogo ~mbH$
N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r ~mVm| go H«$mo{YV ¶m ^¶^rV hmo OmVo h¢& Bgr àH$ma Amdí¶H$Vm
go A{YH$ bm‹S>-߶ma ^r ~mbH$m| ‘| g§doJmË‘H$ ApñWaVm CËnÝZ H$aVm h¡&
7. gm‘m{OH$ ñdrH¥${V
ì¶p³V Ho$ Ûmam {H$¶o J¶o H$m¶m] Ho$ ’$bñdê$n àmá gm‘m{OH$ ñdrH¥${V ^r
CgHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¡& ì¶{³V AnZo H$m¶m] H$s Xÿgam|
Ho$ Ûmam àe§gm MmhVm h¡& O~ CgH$s A{^bmfm nyU© Zht hmoVr h¡ V~ Cg‘|
g§doJmË‘H$ VZmd CËnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡& dmñVd ‘| ¶{X ì¶{³V H$mo AnZo H$m¶m]
H$s gm‘m{OH$ ñdrH¥${V Zht {‘bVr h¡, Vmo CgH$m g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma ¶m Vmo
{e{Wb hmo OmVm h¡ AWdm CJ« hmo OmVm h¡&
8. A{^bmfm
‘mVm-{nVm H$mo AnZo ~mbH$ go ~‹S>r-~‹S>r AmemE± hmoVr h¡& ñd¶§ ~mbH$ ‘§o
H$moB© Z H$moB© A{^bmfm hmoVr h¡& ¶{X CgH$s A{^bmfm nyU© Zht hmoVr h¡, Vmo
dh {Zamem Ho$ gmJa ‘| Sw>~{H$¶m± bJmZo bJVm h¡& gmW hr, Cgo AnZo ‘mVm-
{nVm H$s H$Qw> AmbmoMZm gwZZr n‹S>Vr h¡& Eogr pñW{V ‘| Cg‘| H$moB© ^r ~mV Omo
~mbH$ Ho$ AmË‘-{dídmg H$mo H$‘ H$aVr h¡, ¶m CgHo$ AmË‘-gå‘mZ H$mo R>og
nhþ±MmVr h¡ ¶m CgHo$ H$m¶© ‘| ~mYm CnpñWV H$aVr h¡ ¶m CgHo$ Ûmam ‘hÎdnyU©
g‘Po OmZo dmbo bú¶m| H$s àm{á ‘| AdamoY CËnÝZ H$aVr h¡, CgH$s {MpÝVV
Am¡a ^¶^rV ahZo H$s àd¥[Îm ‘| d¥{Õ H$a gH$Vr h¡&
9. ~mbH$ H$m OÝ‘H«$‘
~mbH$ H$m OÝ‘H«$‘ ^r CgHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo ‘hÎdnyU© T>§J go à^m{dV
H$aVm h¡& nhbm ~mbH$ ~mX Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| A{YH$ ^¶ H$s ^mdZm
aIVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ nhbm ~mbH$ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ A{Vg§ajU H$s A{^d¥[Îm Ho$
AYrZ hmoVm h¡&
 n¥îR> 38 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
10. {dÚmb¶
{dÚmb¶ H$m ^r ~ÀMm| Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg na ñnîQ> à^md XoIm Om gH$Vm
h¡& ~mbH$ {d{dY {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go AnZo g§dJm| H$s A{^ì¶p³V H$aVm
h¡& {dÚmb¶ H$m dmVmdaU, nmR²>¶H«$‘, H$m¶©H«$‘, {ejH$ g‘yh Am{X ~mbH$m| Ho$
g§doJm| Ho$ AZwHy$b hmoVo h¢, Vmo CÝho§ AmZÝX H$s àm{á hmoVr h¡ VWm CZH$m ñdñW
g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV {dÚmb¶r dmVmdaU go Vmb‘ob Z
hmoZo na, narjm ‘| Ag’$b hmo OmZo na, AܶmnH$m| Ho$ A˶{YH$ ewîH$ ì¶dhma
Am{X Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$mo§ ‘| Adm§{N>V g§doJ O¡go ^¶, H«$moY, {M‹S>{M‹S>mhQ> ¶m
K¥Um Am{X CËnÝZ hmo OmVo h¢&
11. WH$mZ
WH$mZ go ì¶p³V H$m g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$m’$s hX VH$ à^m{dV hmoVm h¡& WHo$
hþ¶o ì¶{³V ‘| H«$moY, ZmamOJr ¶m {M‹S>{M‹S>mnZ O¡go G$UmË‘H$ ¶m Adm§N>Zr¶
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g§doJ àX{e©V H$aZo H$s àd¥[Îm A{YH$ nm¶r OmVr h¡&
12. {ejH$
{ejH$ ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& {ejH$
AnZo {ejU Ho$ g‘¶ H$B© àH$ma H$s H$WmAm|, AmË‘H$WmAm| Am¡a Ord{Z¶m|
Ho$ àoaH$ àg§J, ÑîQ>mÝV Ed§ CXmhaU àñVwV H$aHo$ CZ‘| CXmÎm M[aÌ Ed§
AmXe© ì¶p³VËd H$m AZwgaU H$aZo H$s BÀN>m n¡Xm H$aVm h¡, {Oggo N>mÌm| ‘|
www.praganya.org
gmh{gH$Vm, ghZerbVm, em{ÝV{à¶Vm O¡go AÀN>o JwU {dH${gV H$aZo ‘| ‘XX
{‘bVr h¡ VWm ~mbH$ H$m gÝVw{bV g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
13. Aݶ H$maH$
~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg na Adm§N>Zr¶ à^md S>mbZo dmbo Hw$N> Aݶ
‘hÎdnyU© H$maH$ h¢- A˶{YH$ H$m¶©, H$m¶© ‘| AZmdí¶H$ ~mYm Am¡a
An‘mZOZH$ ì¶dhma&
Cn¶w©³V {ddoMZ go ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo {d{^ÝZ
H$maH$ à^m{dV H$aVo h¢, {Oggo ~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| {e{WbVm
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AWdm CJ«Vm AmVr h¡ VWm ~mbH$ H$m gÝVw{bV {dH$mg gå^d hmoVm h¡&
g§doJm| H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ OrdZ ‘| A{V ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡& loîR> g§doJm|
na AmYm[aV ì¶dhma, ~mbH$ Ho$ ñdmñ϶ H$mo g‘wÝZV, ‘mZ{gH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU
H$mo CXma, H$m¶© H$aZo H$s BÀN>m H$mo ~bdVr Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ gå~ÝYm| H$mo ‘Ywa
~ZmVo h¢& BgHo$ {dnarV, jwÐ g§doJm| na Am{lV ì¶dhma, ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$,
‘mZ{gH$ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg na j{VàX à^md S>mbH$a CgH$mo {dH¥$V
H$a XoVo h¢& AV… {ejH$m| Am¡a A{^^mdH$m§o H$mo ~mbH$m| Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$
g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhmam§o Ho$ H$maUm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aHo$ CZH$m C{MV nWàXe©Z
H$aZm Mm{hE, Vm{H$ CZH$m {dH$mg ew^ {Xem H$s Amoa AJ«ga hmoH$a, CZ‘|
g§doJmË‘H$ n[an³dVm CËnÝZ H$a| Am¡a Bg àH$ma CZHo$ OrdZ H$mo gwIr,
g’$b Am¡a g‘¥Õ ~ZmE& Wm°ångZ H$m ¶h nam‘e© dmñVd ‘| A{^ZÝXZr¶ h¡-
Omo d¶ñH$ ñd¶§ Hw$N> gr‘m VH$ {ddoH$nyU© ah gH$Vo h¢, CÝh| ~mbH$m| Am¡a
~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ ì¶dhma Ho$ à{V‘mZm| Am¡a ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo Ho$
{bE A{YH$ CÎm‘ Adga gwb^ ahVo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
3.5.4 g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s {deofVmE±
g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s à‘wI {deofVmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg CÎmamoÎma hmoVm h¡&
2. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$m H«$‘ gab go O{Q>b H$s Amoa hmoVm h¡&
3. OrdZ ‘| AZw^d H$s d¥{Õ Ho$ gmW-gmW g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘|
n[an³dVm AmVr h¡&
4. g§doJm| na {Z¶ÝÌU, C{MV àH$Q>rH$aU Ed§ CZHo$ emoYZ go
g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg g‘w{MV T>§J go hmoVm h¡&
5. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘mZd-ì¶dhmam| go gå~{ÝYV hmoVm h¡&
3.5.5 g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$m e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd
~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$ e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd H$mo h‘ {ZåZ {~ÝXþAm| Ûmam
g‘P gH$Vo h¢-
1. g‘w{MV gm§do{JH$ {dH$mg dmbo ~mbH$ {ejU A{YJ‘ ‘| {deof
ê${M aIVo h¢&
2. C{MV gm§do{JH$ {dH$mg dmbo ~mbH$m| ‘| {ejm Ho$ Ûmam CÎm‘ AmMaU
Ed§ loîR> AmXem] H$m {Z‘m©U hmoVm h¡&
3. g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go {dH${gV ~mbH$m| H$m g‘w{MV {dH$mg hmoVm h¡
Am¡a do Aܶ¶Z hoVw ào[aV hmoVo h¢&
4. g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go {dH${gV ~mbH$m| H$s e¡{jH$ CnbpãY A{YH$
nm¶r OmVr h¡&
5. g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go {dH${gV ~mbH$m| ‘| {ZînmXZ j‘Vm A{YH$
hmoVr h¡&
‘mZd OrdZ ‘| g§doJm| H$m A˶ÝV ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡& ì¶p³V Ho$
ì¶dhma H$m gå~ÝY g§doJm| go hmoVm h¡ VWm {ejm H$m gå~ÝY ì¶dhma Ho$
n[aemoYZ go hmoVm h¡& Bg{bE ~mbH$m| Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$m e¡{jH$ ÑpîQ>
go A˶ÝV ‘hÎd h¡& ‘mVm-{nVm VWm AܶmnH$m| H$mo ~mbH$m| Ho$ g§doJm| Ho$
à{ejU na ܶmZ XoZm Mm{hE VWm {ejm Ho$ Ûmam Adm§{N>V g§doJm| H$mo {Z¶§{ÌV
VWm dm§{N>V g§doJm| H$mo àmoËgm{hV H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aZm Mm{hE& ~mbH$m| Ho$
dmVmdaU H$mo Bg àH$ma go {Z¶§{ÌV H$aZm Mm{hE {H$ EH$ Amoa Ohm± CZ‘|
Adm§{N>V g§doJm| H$m CX¶ Z hmo gHo$, dht Xÿgar Amoa CZ‘| dm§{N>V g§doJm| H$m
g§Mma ^r hmo gHo$& BgHo$ {bE emoYZ, Aܶdgm¶ VWm aoMZ Ho$ Ûmam g§doJm| H$mo
{Z¶{ÝÌV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& emoYZ ‘| Adm§{N>V g§doJm| H$mo n[a‘m{O©V H$aHo$
CÝh| AÀN>r {Xem ‘| ‘mo‹S>Zo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡, O¡go- H«$moY H$s d¥[Îm
H$mo eÌwAm| H$s Amoa ¶m H$m‘ àd¥[Îm H$mo gm{h˶ H$s Amoa ‘mo‹S>Zm& Aܶdgm¶
‘| bJo ahH$a ^r g§doJm| H$mo n[a‘m{O©V H$aHo$ CÝh| AÀN>r {Xem ‘| ‘mo‹S>Zo H$m
à¶mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡& aoMZ H$m VmËn¶© h¡ {H$ g§doJm| H$mo AmZo go amoH$m Z
Om¶o daZ² g§doJm| H$mo A{^춳V H$aZo Ho$ {bE n¶m©á Adga {X¶m Om¶o& AV…
{ejH$ hmoZo Ho$ ZmVo h‘ AܶmnH$m| H$m ¶h H$Îm©ì¶ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$m|
Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| ¶Wmgå^d gh¶moJ X| VWm nmR²>¶ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm|,
O¡go-ZmQ>H$, Iob, ñH$mCqQ>J, ^«‘U Am{X Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ^r N>mÌmo H$m C{MV
T>§J go g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$a gHo$&
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
3.5.6 ~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| AܶmnH$ H$s ^y{‘H$m
g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| H$s MMm© h‘ nhbo H$a
MwHo$ h¢& AJa BZ H$maH$m| H$m ^br-^m±{V ܶmZ aIm OmE Vmo AܶmnH$ dJ©
~mbH$m| Ho$ gÝVw{bV g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| AnZr ^y{‘H$m AÀN>r Vah {Z^m
gH$Vm h¡& AܶmnH$m| Ûmam AnZm CÎmaXm{¶Ëd H¡$go {Z^m¶m OmE, BgH$s MMm©
{ZåZ{b{IV ê$n ‘| H$s Om ahr h¡-
1. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE O¡gm {H$ nhbo H$hm Om MwH$m h¡, ñdmñ϶
Am¡a emar[aH$ {dH$mg na nyam-nyam ܶmZ XoZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡&
ñdñW Am¡a {ZamoJ H¡$go ahm OmE, Bg ~mV H$m ~ÀMm| H$mo ^br-
^m±{V kmZ H$am¶m OmZm Mm{hE& ‘mVm-{nVm Am¡a amÁ¶m{YH$m[a¶m|
Ho$ gh¶moJ go ~ÀMm| Ho$ gÝVw{bV Amhma Am¡a ImZ-nmZ H$s C{MV
ì¶dñWm H$s OmZr Mm{hE& AܶmnH$m| H$mo A{^^mdH$m| Ho$ gmW
gånH©$ ñWm{nV H$a CÝh| CZHo$ ~ÀMm| H$s emar[aH$ H$‘Omo[a¶m|,
ݶyZVmAm|, ~r‘m[a¶m| Am{X go AdJV H$amZm Mm{hE VWm CZHo$
{ZamH$aU Ho$ {bE Ka, {dÚmb¶ Am¡a {M{H$Ëgmb¶m| Ûmam C{MV
à~ÝY H$s ì¶dñWm hmoZr Mm{hE&
2. ~ÀMm| Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg na nm[adm[aH$ dmVmdaU ^r ~hþV à^md
S>mbVm h¡& AV… AܶmnH$m| H$mo CÝh| AZwHy$b nm[adm[aH$ dmVmdaU
àXmZ H$amZo H$m nyam-nyam à¶mg H$aZm Mm{hE& ~ÀMm| Ho$ A{YH$
{ZH$Q> AmH$a AܶmnH$m| H$mo CZHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$mo ܶmZ ‘|
aIVo hþE CZHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm VWm A{^^mdH$ dJ© H$mo CZHo$ ~ÀMm|
Ho$ H$ë¶mU Ho$ {bE C{MV nam‘e© XoZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aZm Mm{hE VWm
AnZo ñd¶§ Ho$ ì¶dhma Ho$ Ûmam ^r CÝh| g§doJmË‘H$ gÝVwbZ ~ZmZo
‘| nyar ghm¶Vm XoZr Mm{hE&
3. {dÚmb¶ Ho$ n[adoe Am¡a {H«$¶mH$bmnm| H$mo C{MV àH$ma go g§J{R>V
H$a AܶmnH$ ~ÀMm| Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| ^anya ¶moJXmZ Xo
gH$Vo h¢& BgHo$ {bE Cgo {ZåZ ~mVm| H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIZm Mm{hE…-
4. ~ÀMm| H$s g§doJmË‘H$ ep³V¶m| Ho$ C{MV àH$meZ Am¡a A{^ì¶p³V
Ho$ {bE CÝho§ nmR>mÝVa {H«$¶mAm| VWm amoMH$ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go
C{MV Adga àXmZ {H$¶o OmZo Mm{hE&
5. nmR²>¶H«$‘ Am¡a Aܶ¶Z {d{Y¶m± ¶WoîQ> ê$n ‘| n[adV©Zerb,
àJ{Verb Am¡a ~mb Ho$pÝÐV hmoZr Mm{hE&
6. ~mbH$m| H$mo AnZo AܶmnH$m| go n¶m©á ñZoh Am¡a gh¶moJ {‘bZm
Mm{hE& à˶oH$ AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| Ho$ ñdm{^‘mZ H$m ܶmZ aIm
OmZm Mm{hE VWm ^yb H$a ^r CZH$m An‘mZ Ed§ Adkm Zht H$s
OmZr Mm{hE, Ohm± VH$ hmo gHo$ AܶmnH$m| H$mo ~ÀMo H$s g^r àH$ma
H$s g§doJmË‘H$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE nyam-nyam à¶ËZ
H$aZm Mm{hE&
7. ~mbH$m| Ho$ g§doJm| H$mo g§¶{‘V$ Ed§ à{e{jV H$aZo Ho$ {bE AܶmnH$
Ûmam Cn¶w³V {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE& O¡go ^r hmo
~ÀMo Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ VZmd H$mo g‘má H$aZo H$s MoîQ>m H$s OmZr Mm{hE
VWm CgHo$ AÝXa {H$gr ^r àH$ma H$s AZmdí¶H$ ‘mZ{gH$ J«pÝW¶m|
Am¡a {dH$mam| H$mo nZnZo H$m Adga Zht {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
8. Ym{‘©H$ Am¡a Z¡{VH$ {ejm H$mo {dÚmb¶ H$m¶©H«$‘ ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 39
{X¶m OmZm Mm{hE& Ohm± VH$ hmo gHo$ gmXm OrdZ CÀM {dMma H$mo
~ÀMm| Ho$ OrdZ H$m EH$ ‘yb-‘ÝÌ ~Zm¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
9. AܶmnH$ ~ÀMm| Ho$ {bE AmXe© hmoVo h¢& do CZHo$ ha AmMaU H$m
AZwH$aU H$aZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aVo h¢& AV… AܶmnH$ H$mo ñd¶§ AnZm
CXmhaU àñVwV H$a ~mbH$m| H$mo g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go A{YH$ gÝVw{bV
Am¡a g§¶{‘V ~ZmZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aZm Mm{hE&
10. ~ÀMm| Ho$ gÝVw{bV gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$s Amoa ^r nyam-nyam ܶmZ
{X¶m OmZm Mm{hE& CÝh| AnZr {‘Ì-‘ÊS>br, d¶-g‘yh VWm
gm‘m{OH$ n[adoe ‘| C{MV ñWmZ {‘bZm Mm{hE&
11. AܶmnH$m| Ûmam ~mbH$m| H$m g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma gm‘mݶ h¡ ¶m
Agm‘mݶ h¡, Bg ~mV H$m AÀN>r Vah go Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmZm
Mm{hE& AJa CÝh| Cg‘| Hw$N> Agm‘mݶVm H$m Am^mg hmo Vmo g‘¶
go nhbo ¶mo½¶ ì¶p³V¶m| H$s ghm¶Vm bo H$a CgHo$ {ZamH$aU Am¡a
amoH$Wm‘ Ho$ {bE nyam à¶ËZ H$aZm Mm{hE&
12. grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| g§doJm| H$s aMZmË‘H$ ^y{‘H$m H$s Amoa ^r
AܶmnH$ H$m ܶmZ ahZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& gÝVw{bV Am¡a g§¶{‘V
g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma Am¡a ^mdZmE± Z Ho$db emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE
EH$ A‘yë¶ Q>mo{ZH$ H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¡, ~pëH$ kmZ Am¡a H$m¡eb
A{O©V H$aZo Ho$ {bE ^r C{MV dmVmdaU H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVr h¡& AV…
AܶmnH$m| H$mo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo {ejm J«hU H$amZo ‘| g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n
go g{H«$¶ gmPoXma ~ZmZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aZm Mm{hE&
3.6 ^mfm¶r {dH$mg
^mfm EH$ Eogm ‘mܶ‘ h¡, {OgHo$ Ûmam H$moB© ^r ì¶p³V AnZo {dMmam| H$m
AmXmZ-àXmZ H$a gH$Vm h¡& ‘Zwî¶ gm‘m{OH$ àmUr h¡ Bg ZmVo Cgo
{ZaÝVa AnZo {dMmam| H$mo Xÿgam| Ho$ gm‘Zo A{^춳V H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o ^mfm H$s
Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& AV: ^mfm Am¡a {dMmam| H$m K{ZîR> gå~ÝY h¡& ^mfm
{dMmam| H$s A{^ì¶p³V H$m EH$ gwÝXa Am¡a gwJ‘ ‘mܶ‘ h¡& EH$ ‘yH$ ì¶p³V
Xÿgam| Ho$ gm‘Zo ñd¶§ H$mo {H$VZm Aghm¶ ‘hgyg H$aVm h¡, O~ dh AnZo
{dMmamo§ H$mo ^mfm Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go àH$Q> Zht H$a nmVm h¡& ¶Ú{n dh AnZo hmd-
^md VWm A§J g§MmbZ Ûmam AnZr ~mV H$mo H$hZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡, {H$ÝVw
Cg‘| BVZr ñnîQ>Vm Zht hmoVr h¡& AV: ^mfm Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go {dMmam| H$mo àH$Q>
H$aZo na CZ‘| ñnîQ>Vm Am OmVr h¡& AV: à˶oH$ ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘|
^mfm {dH$mg hmoZm na‘ Amdí¶H$ h¡& ^mfm {dH$mg ~mbH$m§o Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ Am¡a
gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$aVm h¡& ^mfm Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go {dMmam| H$m
AmXmZ-àXmZ H$aZo go ì¶p³V H$s gm‘m{OH$Vm H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& Bgr
àH$ma n‹T>Zo, {bIZo, grIZo Am{X g^r {H«$¶mAm| ‘| ^r ^mfm {dH$mg ‘mܶ‘
H$m H$m¶© H$aVm h¡& ^mfm {dH$mg Ho$ H$maU hr ‘mZd Xÿgao Ordm| go loîR> ‘mZm
OmVm h¡& ‘mZd H$s gä¶Vm d g§ñH¥${V H$m [dH$mg ^r ^mfm H$s hr XoZ h¡&
3.6.1 ^mfm¶r {dH$mg H$m AW©
~mbH$ Ho$ ^mfm¶r {dH$mg go VmËn¶© h¡ CgHo$ ^mdm| Ed§ {dMmam| H$mo A{^춳V
H$aZo Ho$ {bE Omo ÜdݶmË‘H$ gmYZ CgHo$ nmg h¡, {Ogo ^mfm H$hVo h¢ CZH$m
 n¥îR> 40 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
{dH$mg& ~mbH$ H$s dmH²$ ep³V OÝ‘OmV hmoVr h¡, naÝVw ^mfm H$m {dH$mg
CgHo$ dmVmdaU go AÝV… {H«$¶m Ûmam hmoVm h¡& ^mfm {dH$mg H$m gå~ÝY gwZZo,
~mobZo, n‹T>Zo Am¡a {bIZo Ho$ ^mfm¶r H$m¡ebm| Ho$ {dH$mg go hmoVm h¡&
3.6.2 ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ^mfm {dH$mg
~mbH$ H$s Am¶w ‘| d¥{Õ hmoZo Ho$ gmW-gmW CgHo$ ñda¶ÝÌ VWm ñZm¶w{dH$
A§Jm| ‘| n[an³dVm AmVr OmVr h¡, {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n Yrao-Yrao CgH$m ^mfm
{dH$mg Vrd« J{V go hmoZo bJVm h¡& ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ eãX go boH$a dm³¶
{Z‘m©U H$s {H«$¶m ‘| XjVm àmßV H$a boVm h¡&
~mb ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m ‘mZZm h¡ {H$ ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ^r ~m{bH$mAm§o
H$m ^mfm {dH$mg ~mbH$m§o H$s VwbZm ‘| Vrd« J{V go hmoVm h¡ VWm b‹S>H$m§o H$s
Anojm CZHo$ dm³¶m| ‘| eãXm| H$s g§»¶m A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& BgHo$ A{V[a³V ^mfm
àJʶ
¶o VÎd {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. emar[aH$ ñdmñ϶
Eogm XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ Omo ~mbH$ ñdñW d {ZamoJr hmoVo h¢, CZH$m ^mfm {dH$mg
CZ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| erK« hmoVm h¡, Omo A³ga ~r‘ma Am¡a AñdñW ahVo
h¢& Añdñ϶ Am¡a ~r‘ma ~mbH$m| H$m ^mfm {dH$mg Bg{bE ‘ÝX J{V go hmoVm
h¡, ³¶m|{H$ do gr{‘V ‘mÌm ‘| hr AnZo {‘Ìm| d gm{W¶m| Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| Am nmVo h¢,
{Oggo AZwH$aU Ûmam grIZo H$m Adga H$‘ {‘b nmVm h¡& BgHo$ A{V[a³V
emar[aH$ AñdñWVm Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ A{YH$m§eV… emÝV ahVm h¡ Am¡a H$‘
~mobVm h¡& ’$bñdê$n ~mobZo H$m Aä¶mg H$‘ hmoVm h¡, {Oggo dh ^mfm {dH$mg
‘| ñdñW ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| nrN>o ahVm h¡&
2. eara aMZm

www.praganya.org
àñVwVrH$aU ‘| ^r ~m{bH$m¶| ~mbH$m§o go VoO hmoVr h¡& àW‘ 6 dfm] VH$ ¶h ~mbH$ Ho$ ñdmñ϶ Ho$ gmW-gmW CgH$s eara aMZm ^r BgHo$ ^mfm {dH$mg
J{V Vrd« ahVr h¡ {’$a ‘ÝX hmo OmVr h¡& H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¡& eara aMZm go VmËn¶© ñda¶ÝÌ, Or^, Vmby, Xm±V Am{X
gremoa Zo ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ ^mfm {dH$mg H$mo {ZåZ gmaUr Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ H$s ~ZmdQ> go h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ¶o A§J hr ~mobZo H$s {H«$¶m ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢& ¶{X
go ñnîQ> {H$¶m h¡- ~mbH$ H$m ñda¶ÝÌ n[an³d hmoVm h¡, Or^ H$s ‘m±gno{e¶m± {H«$¶merb hmoVr h¡,
Xm±Vm| H$s aMZm gm‘mݶ hmoVr h¡, Vmo Eogo ~mbH$ OëXr Am¡a ñnîQ> ~mobVo h¢,
gremoa Ho$ AZwgma ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ^mfm {dH$mg {H$ÝVw {OZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ ñda¶ÝÌ ‘| H$moB© Iam~r hmoVr h¡, Vmo do Xoa go ~mobVo h¢
Am¶w eãX Am¡a ñnîQ> ^r Zht ~mob nmVo h¢&
4 df© 5,600
www.praganya.org

3. qbJ ^oX
5 df© 9,600 ‘Zmd¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ Bg joÌ ‘| {H$¶o J¶o à¶moJm| ‘| ¶h XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ ^mfm
6 df© 14,700 {dH$mg qbJ ^oX go à^m{dV hmoVm h¡& Bg joÌ ‘| ‘¡H$mWu Zo AnZo Aܶ¶Zm| Ho$
7 df© 21,200 níMmV² à‘m{UV {H$¶m h¡ {H$ g‘mZ Am¶w Ho$ ~mbH$-~m{bH$mAm| ‘| ~m{bH$mAm|
8 df© 26,300 H$s ^mfm OëXr g‘P ‘| Am OmZo ¶mo½¶ hmoVr h¡& Aݶ d¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ AZwgma
10 df© 34,300 ^r b‹S>{H$¶m± b‹S>H$m| H$s VwwbZm ‘| erK« ~mobZm àmaå^ H$aVr h¡, CZH$m eãX
^ÊS>ma ^r b‹S>H$m| go A{YH$ hmoVm h¡& ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ CÀMmaU ‘| ^r ewÕVm
~mbH$m| Ho$ eãX ^ÊS>ma na d§emZwH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU XmoZm| H$m à^md
hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ ~mbH$m| ‘| ^mfm Xmof A{YH$ nm¶o OmVo h¢&
n‹S>Vm h¡& ~mbH$ H$m dmVmdaU {OVZm {dñV¥V hmoJm, eãX ^ÊS>ma CVZm hr
www.praganya.org

{dñV¥V ~ZVm h¡& 4. ~w{Õ

O¡gob Ho$ ‘VmZwgma Mma df© H$s Am¶w ‘| bJ^J nMmg à{VeV ~mbH$ ~w{Õ Am¡a ^mfm {dH$mg ‘| K{ZîR> gå~ÝY nm¶m OmVm h¡& Bg gå~ÝY ‘| {H$¶o
N>moQ>o eãXm|, O¡go- Hw$gu, Jw{‹S>¶m, nmnm, nmZr Am{X eãXm| H$m à¶moJ AnZo J¶o ~w{Õ narjUm| go kmV hþAm {H$ Omo ~mbH$ CËH¥$îQ> ~w{Õ Ho$ hmoVo h¢, do OëXr
dm³¶m| ‘| ghr AW© ‘| H$a gH$Vo h¢& pñ‘W Ho$ AZwgma nm±M-N>: df© Ho$ ~mbH$ ~mobZm ewê$ H$aVo h¢& BgHo$ {dnarV ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ~mbH$m| ‘| ~mobZo H$s j‘Vm Xoa
AnZo dm³¶m| ‘§o H$^r-H$^r EH$ Xmo eãX ^yb go N>mo‹S> XoVo h¢, H$^r-H$^r {H«$¶m go {dH${gV hmoVr h¡& ~w{Õ‘mZ ~mbH$m| H$m eãX ^ÊS>ma {dñV¥V, eãX M¶Z
Ho$ à¶moJ ‘§o Ìw{Q> H$aVo h¢, {H$ÝVw do ñd¶§ hr Cgo gwYmaZo H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢& CÎm‘, ewÕ CÀMmaU Am¡a dm³¶ aMZm H$s A{YH$ j‘Vm nm¶r OmVr h¡&
5. gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Am{W©H$ pñW{V
3.6.3 ^mfm {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$ {OZ n[admam| H$s gm‘m{OH$ d Am{W©H$ pñW{V AÀN>r hmoVr h¡, CZ n[admam| ‘|
g^r ~mbH$m| ‘| ^mfm {dH$mg H$s ‘mÌm Am¡a J{V g‘mZ Zht hmoVr h¡& H$moB© ~mbH$m| H$m ^mfm {dH$mg AÀN>m hmoVm h¡& Omo ‘mVm-{nVm {e{jV VWm AÀN>r
~mbH$ OëXr ~mobZm grIVm h¡, Vmo H$moB© Xoa go& Bgr àH$ma Hw$N> ~mbH$m| H$mo gm‘m{OH$ d Am{W©H$ pñW{V dmbo hmoVo h¢, CZHo$ ~mbH$m| H$m eãX ^ÊS>ma gwÝXa
gr{‘V eãXm| H$s OmZH$mar hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ Hw$N> H$m eãX ^ÊS>ma A˶{YH$ hmoVm h¡ VWm CÀMmaU ewÕ hmoVm h¡& do AnZr ^mfm ‘| JÝXo eãXm| H$m à¶moJ
{dH${gV hmoVm h¡& eãXmoÀMmaU ‘| ^r H$moB© ~mbH$ ewÕ CÀMmaU H$aVm h¡, Zht H$aVo h¢ ¶{X CZH$s ^mfm ‘| H$moB© Xmof Am ^r OmVm h¡ Vmo {e{jV ‘mVm-
O~{H$ Hw$N> ‘| ^mfm gå~ÝYr Xmof nm¶o OmVo h¢& Bg àH$ma XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ {nVm CgHo$ {ZamH$aU H$m à¶mg erK«Vm go H$aVo h¢& Bg‘o {dnarV A{e{jV
~mbH$m| Ho$ ^mfm {dH$mg ‘| H$m’$s AÝVa nm¶m OmVm h¡& Bg AÝVa Ho$ {d{^ÝZ ‘mVm-{nVm ^mfm {dH$mg H$mo ‘hÎd Zht XoVo h¢& ‘m± ~mn ñd¶ ^r JÝXo eãXm| H$m
H$maU hmoVo h¢, {OÝh| ^mfm {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo VÎd H$hm OmVm h¡& CÀMmaU H$aVo h¢, Vmo AZwH$aU go CZHo$ ~ÀMo ^r ^«îQ> CÀMmaU H$aZo bJVo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
6. n[an³dVm
{Og àH$ma {H«$¶mË‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE emar[aH$ A§Jm| H$m n[an³d hmoZm
Amdí¶H$ h¡& Cgr àH$ma ^mfm {dH$mg Ho$ {bE ’o$’$‹S>o, Jbm, Or^, hm|R>, Xm±V,
ñda¶ÝÌ VWm ‘pñVîH$ Ho$ ^mfm Ho$ÝÐ H$m nyU© n[an³d hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& O~
VH$ ¶o g^r A§J n[an³dVm àmá Zht H$aVo h¢, V~ VH$ ~ÀMm| H$mo Mmho {H$gr
^r àH$ma H$m ~mobZo H$m à{ejU ³¶m| Z {X¶m Om¶o CgH$m ^mfm {dH$mg Zht
hmo gH$Vm h¡& O¡go-O¡go ¶o A§J n[an³dVm àmá H$aVo OmVo h¢, Cgr H«$‘ go
^mfm {dH$mg hmoVm OmVm h¡&
7. grIZm VWm AZwH$aU
O~ ~mbH$ Ho$ ^mfm {dH$mg gå~ÝYr A§J n[an³dVm àmá H$a boVo h¢, Vmo
~mbH$ H$m ^mfm {dH$mg {’$a dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr VÎdm| Ho$ AYrZ hmo OmVm h¡&
¶o dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr VÎd h¡-
1. grIZo Ho$ Adga
2. AZwH$aU H$s àd¥[Îm
ñZm¶w{dH$ n[an³dVm VWm ^mfm {dH$mg gå~ÝYr A§Jm| ‘| n[an³dVm
Am OmZo na grIZo Am¡a AZwH$aU Ho$ {bE n¶m©á Adga àXmZ {H$¶o OmVo h¢,
Vmo ~mbH$ H$m ^mfm {dH$mg erK«Vm go hmoVm h¡& {OZ Kam§o ‘| H$B© ~mbH$ hmoVo
h¢, Vmo dhm± N>moQ>m ~mbH$ ~‹S>m| H$m AZwH$aU H$a OëXr ~mobZm grIVm h¡& Bgr
àH$ma ¶{X ~mbH$ g§¶w³V n[adma H$m gXñ¶ h¡, Vmo dhm± ^r Cgo d¶ñH$m§o go
^mfm {dH$mg Ho$ {bE n¶m©á grIZo VWm AZwH$aU H$aZo H$m Adga àmá hmoVm
h¡& My±{H$ ~mbH$ ‘| AZwH$aU H$s àd¥[Îm H$m {dH$mg OÝ‘ Ho$ 9 go 10 ‘hrZo
níMmV² go hr hmo OmVm h¡& AV… ‘mVm-{nVm VWm Aݶ d¶ñH$ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo
dh ܶmZ aIZm Mm{hE {H$ do ~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘j ^«îQ> ^mfm H$m à¶moJ Z H$a|&
8. àoaUm
A{YH$m§eV… XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ ~mbH$m| H$mo ¶Ú{n grIZo Ho$ AZoH$ Adga àmá
hmoVo h¢, {’$a ^r ~mbH$m| Ho$ ‘mVm-{nVm CÝh| ^mfm grIZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV Zht
H$a nmVo h¢& A{^^mdH$ H$mo Mm[hE {H$ do ~mbH$m| H$mo amoZo na do MrO| CnbãY
Z H$amE± {OZHo$ {bE do amo aho h¢ VWm ~mbH$ ¶{X g§Ho$V Am¡a hmd-^md Ho$
à¶moJ ‘| H$moB© MrO ‘m±J| Vmo ^r CnbãY Z H$amE±, ³¶m|{H$ Bg àH$ma ~mbH$
eãXm| H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV hmo§Jo& Yrao-Yrao do g‘PZo bJ|Jo {H$ {~Zm eãX
~mobo CÝh| MrO| àmá Zht hm|Jr& Amdí¶H$VmZwgma ~mbH$m| H$mo ~hbm-’w$gbmH$a
߶ma go, Xþbma go ^r eãX ~mobZo Ho$ {b¶o ào[aV H$aZm Mm{hE&
9. {ZX}eZ
^mfm {dH$mg H$o {bE àoaUm Ho$ gmW-gmW {ZX}eZ H$s ^r Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&
^mfm {dH$mg Ho$ {bE Oê$ar h¡ {H$ Omo eãX ~mobo Om¶§o CZHo$ ‘m°S>b ^r ~ÀMm|
Ho$ gm‘Zo àñVwV {H$¶o Om¶|, {Oggo dh ~mobo J¶o eãX H$s ghr Vñdra AnZo
‘pñVîH$ ‘| A§{H$V H$a gHo$& O¡go ¶{X Jw{‹S>¶m {XImH$a CgHo$ gm‘Zo Jw[‹S>¶m
eãX H$m CÀMmaU {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Vmo Yrao-Yrao Jw{‹S>¶m eãX Am¡a CgH$s AmH¥${V
~ÀMo Ho$ {X‘mJ ‘| ~¡R> OmVr h¡, {Oggo ^{dî¶ ‘| O~ H$^r dh Jw{‹S>¶m XoIVm
h¡ Vmo ñdV… hr Jw{‹S>¶m eãX H$m CÀMmaU H$aZo bJVm h¡& AV… C{MV {ZX}eZ
go ~mbH$ OëXr ~mobZm grIVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 41
10. nm[adm[aH$ gå~ÝY
~ÀMo Ho$ nm[adm[aH$ gå~ÝY CgHo$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& {OZ ~ÀMm|
H$o nm[adm[aH$ gå~ÝY AÀN>o hmoVo h¢, do ~ÀMo AÀN>r àoaUm nmH$a OëXr ~mobZm
grI boVo h¢& ~ÀMo Ho$ ^mfm {dH$mg na nm[adm[aH$ gå~ÝYm| H$m à^md OmZZo
Ho$ {bE H$B© ~mb ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| {OZ‘| pñnO, ‘¡H$mWv, Wm‘gZ Am{X H$m Zm‘
à‘wI h¡, Zo AZmWmb¶ Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m, ³¶m|{H$ ¶hm± nm[adm[aH$
gå~ÝYm| H$m A^md Wm& Aܶ¶Z Ho$ níMmV² CÝhm|Zo {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbm {H$
nm[adm[aH$ gånH©$ go AbJ ahZo dmbo ~ÀMo amoVo A{YH$ h¢ Am¡a ~~bmVo H$‘ h¢&
CZHo$ ‘w±h go {ZH$bZo dmbr Üd[Z¶m| H$s g§»¶m ^r H$‘ hmoVr h¡& AV… CZH$m
^mfm {dH$mg Xoa go hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ ~rM Omo ~mbH$ n[adma Ho$ gmW ahVo h¢ do
OëXr VWm ewÕ ~mobZm grI OmVo h¢&
Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$mo§ Zo n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶m| H$s g§»¶m VWm AmH$ma H$m
à^md ^r ^mfm {dH$mg na OmZZo Ho$ {bE Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m Am¡a {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbm
{H$ {OZ n[admam| ‘| A{YH$ ~ÀMo hmoVo h¢ ¶m Ohm± g§¶w³V n[adma hmoVo h¢ dhm±
~mbH$m| H$mo AZwH$aU Ho$ Adga A{YH$ àmá hmoVo h¢, {Oggo ~mbH$m| H$m ^mfm
{dH$mg erK«Vm go hmoVm h¡&
11. ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE±
Aܶ¶Zm| ‘| ¶h XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ Omo ~ÀMo CËgmhr hmoVo h¢, CZ‘| emÝV àH¥${V
Ho$ ~ÀMm§o H$s Anojm ^mfm erK« {dH${gV hmoVr h¡& CËgmhr ~ÀMm| H$s ^mfm
~mobZo H$s J{V ^r Vrd« hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ Omo ~ÀMo AmdoJr hmoVo h¢, ^bo hr do Vrd«
~w{Õ dmbo ³¶m| Z hm|, BZH$m eãXm| H$m CÀMmaU CZ ~mbH$m| H$s Anojm Ìw{Q>nyU©
hmoVm h¡, Omo H$‘ Vrd« ~w{Õ dmbo naÝVw emÝV àH¥${V Ho$ hmoVo h¢&
12. H$B© ^mfmAm| H$m à¶moJ
{OZ n[admam| ‘| ‘mVm-{nVm H$B© ^mfmAm| H$m à¶moJ H$aVo h¢ dhm± ~mbH$m| H$m
^mfm {dH$mg R>rH$ àH$ma go Zht hmo nmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ‘mVm-{nVm Ûmam ~ÀMo Ho$
gm‘Zo EH$ hr dñVw Ho$ {bE Xmo AbJ-AbJ eãXm| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
Xmo AbJ-AbJ eãXm| H$mo ¶mX aIZm ~mbH$ Ho$ {bE H${R>Z hmoVm h¡, {Oggo
CgHo$ CÀMmaU ‘| ^mfm gå~ÝYr Xmof Am OmVo h¢& AV… ¶{X n[adma ‘| H$B©
^mfmAm| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Vmo ~mbH$ H$m ^mfm {dH$mg Yr‘r J{V go
hmoVm h¡&
3.7 Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg
[^ÝZ-{^ÝZ dJmoª VWm g‘mOm§o Ho$ Z¡{VH$ AmXem] ‘| AÝVa ahVm h¡,
CXmhaUñdê$n, ^maV Am¡a ¶yamon Ho$ Z¡{VH$ AmXem] ‘| ~hþV AÝVa h¡& BgH$m
‘Vb~ ¶h h¡ {H$ Omo ~mV EH$ g‘mO R>rH$ g‘PVm h¡, Cgo hr Xÿgam g‘mO
hm{ZH$maH$ g‘PVm h¡& Iwbo Am‘ gmd©O{ZH$ ñWmZm| na ào‘-àXe©Z H$aZm
nmíMm˶ Z¡{VH$ AmXem] Ho$ AZwHy$b hmo gH$Vm h¡, naÝVw ^maV ‘| Bgo ~hþV
~wam g‘Pm OmVm h¡& Z Ho$db BVZm hr A{nVw ^maV ‘| ahZo dmbo {hÝXþAm|,
‘wgb‘mZm| VWm B©gmB¶m| Ho$ Z¡{VH$ AmXem] ‘| ^r ~hþV {^ÝZVm nmB© OmVr h¡&
‘wgb‘mZm| ‘| MMoao ^mB©-~{hZm| VWm ‘‘oao ^mB©-~{hZm| ‘| {ddmh hmo OmVm h¡,
naÝVw {hÝXÿ-‘¶m©Xm Ho$ AZwgma Bgo R>rH$ Zht g‘Pm OmVm&
 n¥îR> 42 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
H«$mo VWm H«$mo Am¡a H$B© Aݶ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo AmMma-gå~ÝYr {Z¶‘m|
H$mo ^r Z¡{VH$Vm Ho AÝVJ©V hr ‘mZm h¡& AmMmaemñÌ h‘o§ ~VmVm h¡ {H$ H$m¡Z-
gr ~mV ì¶p³V Ho$ {bE R>rH$ h¡ Am¡a H$m¡Z-gr ~mV R>rH$ Zht h¡&
M[aÌ Ho$ AÝVJ©V ì¶p³V H$s AZoH$ ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m| H$m g‘mdoe
hmoVm h¡& BZ ep³V¶m| Ho$ ñdê$n Ho$ {df¶ ‘§o H$B© àH$ma Ho$ ‘V ahZo Ho$ H$maU
M[aÌ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘o§ {dÛmZm| Ho$ {d{^ÝZ ‘V h¢&
M[aÌ H$s g~go ~‹S>r {deofVm gwÑ‹T> g§H$ën-ep³V {JZr OmVr h¡&
AnZo {ZpíMV bú¶ H$s Amoa ~am~a AJ«ga hmoVo ahZm Am¡a AZoH$ {d¿Z-
~mYmAm| Ho$ hmoZo na ^r {ZpíMV ‘mJ© go nrN>o Z hQ>Zm g§H$ën-ep³V H$m à‘wI
bjU h¡& g§gma Ho$ g^r ‘hmZ² nwéfm| ‘| ¶h g§H$ën-ep³V XoIr Om gH$Vr h¡&
{edmOr, ‘hmamUm àVmn, ‘h{f© X¶mZÝX, ñdm‘r {ddoH$mZÝX, lr Aa{dÝX, S>m°.
h¡S>Jodma VWm Jm±Yr Or gwÑ‹T> g§H$ën-ep³V dmbo ì¶p³V Wo& ^maVr¶ {dMmam|
www.praganya.org
Ho$ AZwê$n Bg g§H$ën-ep³V H$m AmYma AmܶmpË‘H$Vm h¡&
nmíMm˶ Xoem| ‘| M[aÌ H$m AmYma AmܶmpË‘H$Vm Zht g‘Pm OmVm&
ì¶dhmadm{X¶m| Ho$ à‘wI àd³Vm dmQgZ H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ M[aÌ ì¶dhma-
g§ñH$mam| H$m g‘wÀM¶ ‘mÌ h¡& CZHo$ AZwgma ì¶dhma emar[aH$ {H«$¶mAm| na
{Z^©a h¡&
3.7.1 Z¡[VH$ {dH$mg H$m AW©
www.praganya.org
~mbH$ Ho$ Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg H$m VmËn¶© h¡- CgH$m Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg& Z¡{VH$Vm
VWm M[aÌ H$m dmñV{dH$ ñdê$n ³¶m h¡, Bg gå~ÝY ‘| {^ÝZ-[^ÝZ
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ EH$‘V Zht h¢& ‘Zwî¶ go Anojm H$s OmVr h¡ {H$ dh {Og g‘mO
¶m dJ© ‘| ahVm h¡, CgHo$ ar{V-[admOm| H$m nmbZ H$ao& ~hþV-go ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$mo§
H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ g‘mO ¶m dJ© Ho$ ar{V-[admAm| H$m nmbZ H$aZm hr Z¡{VH$Vm
h¡& Omo ì¶p³V BZ {Z¶‘m| H$m nmbZ H$aZo ‘§o Ag‘W© ahVm h¡, Cg‘| Z¡{VH$Vm
H$m A^md hr {JZm Om¶oJm&
gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Ym{‘©H$ {ZX}em| Ho$ AZwgma AmMaU H$aZo Ho$ {bE ~mbH$
H$mo AnZo D$na {Z¶ÝÌU H$aZm hmoVm h¡& ¶h {Z¶ÝÌU {OVZm Iy~gyaVr go
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ì¶p³V H$a gH$Vm h¡, dh CVZm hr Mm[a{ÌH$ ê$n go {dH${gV H$hbmVm h¡&
gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| g‘mO Ho$ ar{V-[admOm|, ahZ-ghZ, ^mfm, naånamAm|
Am{X H$mo grIZm Am¡a à¶moJ H$aZm hmoVm h¡&
3.7.2 AÀN>o M[aÌ Ho$ bjU
~mCbo Ed§ Aݶ Ho$ AZwgma, AÀN>o M[aÌ ‘| {ZåZm§{H$V bjU nm¶o OmVo h¢-
1. AmË‘-{Z¶ÝÌU
AÀN>o M[aÌ Ho$ ì¶p³V ‘| AmË‘-{Z¶ÝÌU H$m JwU hmoVm h¡& Cgo AnZo
{dMmam|, ì¶dhmam|, BÀN>mAm|, ^mdZmAm| Am{X na A{YH$ma hmoVm h¡& dh H$R>moa
n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| ^r {dM{bV Zht hmoVm h¡&
2. {dídgZr¶Vm
AÀN>o M[aÌ Ho$ ì¶p³V ‘| {dídgZr¶Vm H$m JwU hmoVm h¡ Am¡a à˶oH$ n[añW{V
‘| CgH$m {dídmg {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& BgH$m H$maU h¡ {H$ dh gX¡d {H$gr
AmXe© ¶m {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma H$m¶© H$aVm h¡& dh {H$gr gZH$ ¶m j{UH$
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
{dMma Ho$ H$maU Cggo {dM{bV Zht hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ A{V[a³V dh EH$-gr
n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| EH$-gm ì¶dhma H$aVm h¡& CgHo$ ì¶dhma H$mo XoIH$a CgHo$
n[aUm‘ H$s ^{dî¶dmUr H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
3. H$m¶© ‘| Ñ‹T>Vm
AÀN>o M[aÌ Ho$ ì¶p³V H$m EH$ {deof JwU h¡-H$m¶© ‘| ÑT>Vm& dh {Og H$m¶©
H$mo Amaå^ H$aVm h¡, Cgo g‘má Adí¶ H$aVm h¡& dh Z Vmo Cgo H$^r AYyam
N>mo‹S>Vm h¡ Am¡a Z ñW{JV H$aVm h¡&
4. H$‘©{ZîR>m
AÀN>o M[aÌ Ho$ ì¶p³V ‘| H$‘©{ZîR>m H$m JwU hmoVm h¡& dh à˶oH$ H$m¶© H$mo nyU©
n[al‘ go H$aVm h¡& H$m¶© ^bo hr Zrag hmo, na dh Cgo H$aZo ‘| {H$gr àH$ma
H$s {e{WbVm 춳V Zht H$aVm h¡&
5. AÝV…H$aU H$s ewÕVm
AÀN>o M[aÌ Ho$ ì¶p³V H$m EH$ ‘w»¶ JwU h¡-AÝV…H$aU H$s ewÕVm& CgHo$
H$‘©, dMZ Am¡a ì¶dhma ‘| N>b H$s N>m¶m ^r Zht hmoVr h¡&
6. CÎmXm{¶Ëd H$s ^mdZm
AÀN>o M[aÌ Ho$ ì¶p³V ‘| CÎmaXm{¶Ëd H$s ^mdZm hmoVr h¡& dh ‘hmZ² H$îQ>
PobH$a ^r AnZo CÎmaXm{¶Ëd H$m {Zdm©h H$aVm h¡&
AÝV ‘|, h‘ ~mCbo d Aݶ Ho$ eãXm| ‘| H$h gH$Vo h¢-
M[aÌ Ho$ ¶o JwU Am¡a bjU, {dÚmb¶ H$m¶© Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ OrdZ, XmoZm| ‘| à˶j
ê$n go ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU© h¢& {OZ N>mÌm| ‘| ¶o JwU hmoVo h¢, do AnZr ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m§o
H$m, Omo ^r CZ‘| hmoVr h¢, A{YH$V‘ à¶moJ H$aVo h¢&
3.7.3 M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo dmbo H$maH$
pñH$Za d h¡argZ Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-
M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo dmbo H$maH$ EH$mH$s ê$n go Zht, daZ² gpå‘{bV ê$n go
H$m¶© H$aVo h¢&
M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| H$m g§{já dU©Z {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
1. ‘ybàd¥[Îm¶m±
‘ybàd¥[Îm¶m±, M[aÌ-{Z‘m©U H$s ‘w»¶ AmYma h¡& {Og ì¶p³V ‘| Omo ‘ybàd¥[Îm¶m±
ep³Vembr hmoVr h¡, CÝht Ho$ AZwê$n Cg‘| JwU nm¶o OmVo h¢, CXmhaUmW©-
AmË‘-àXe©Z H$s ‘ybàd¥[Îm Ho$ H$maU ì¶p³V ‘| nX, ep³V Am¡a gå‘mZ Ho$
{bE g§Kf© H$aZo H$m JwU nm¶m OmVm h¡&
2. g§doJ
‘ybàd¥[Îm¶m| H$m g§doJm| go K{ZîR> gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& BÝht Ho$ H$maU ì¶p³V ‘|
Hw$N> g§doJ ñWm¶r ~ZH$a, JwUm| ¶m AdJwUm| H$m ê$n YmaU H$aVo h¢, O¡go-
H«$moY, K¥Um Am{X&
3. A{O©V àd¥[Îm¶m±
ì¶p³V {Og àH$ma H$s g§J{V ¶m dmVmdaU ‘| ahVm h¡, d¡gr hr ‘mZ{gH$
àd¥[Îm¶m± A{O©V H$aVm h¡& ¶hr H$maU h¡ {H$ Hw$N> ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| AÀN>r Am¡a
Hw$N> ‘| ~war àd¥[Îm¶m± nmB© OmVr h¡& BZ àd¥[Îm¶m| Ho$ AZwê$n hr CZHo$ M[aÌ
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
H$m {Z‘m©U hmoVm h¡&
4. AmXV|
ì¶p³V AnZr AmXVm| Ho$ AZwgma H$m¶© Am¡a ì¶dhma H$aVm h¡& CgH$s AmXVm|
H$mo XoIH$a CgHo$ M[aÌ Ho$ JwU-Xmofm| H$m AZw‘mZ bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡,
Bg{bE M[aÌ H$mo AmXVm| H$m nwÝO H$hm OmVm h¡&
5. ñWm¶r^md
M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo Ho$ {bE ñWm¶r^mdm| H$mo AÀN>m ‘mZm OmVm h¡& M[aÌ,
ñWm¶r^mdm| Ho$ ¶moJ Ho$ Abmdm Am¡a Hw$N> Zht h¡& ñWm¶r^md {OVZo A{YH$
AÀN>o hmoVo h¢, CVZm hr A{YH$ AÀN>m M[aÌ hmoVm h¡& Bgr{bE a¡³g Ed§ ZmBQ>
Zo {bIm h¡-
M[aÌ H$m AmYma-ñWm¶r^md H$m {Z‘m©U Am¡a g§JR>Z h¡&
6. AmË‘-gå‘mZ
M[aÌ Ho$ dmñV{dH$ {Z‘m©U Ho$ {bE AmË‘-gå‘mZ Ho$ ñWm¶r^md H$m hmoZm
g~go A{YH$ Amdí¶H$ h¡& ‘¡³Sy>Jb Ho$ AZwgma, Bg ñWm¶r^md ‘| AmË‘-
àXe©Z Am¡a AYrZVm H$s àd¥[Îm¶m§o H$m C{MV gm‘§Oñ¶ hmoZm Mm{hE& S>pådb
H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ Bg ñWm¶r^md H$m gå~ÝY ñd¶§ Ho$ {dMma go h¡& ¶h ì¶p³V
‘| V^r CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡, O~ CgHo$ g~ ñWm¶r ^mdm| H$m gdm}ÀM ñVa na
EH$sH$aU hmoVm h¡& ì¶p³V Ho$ M[aÌ H$s loîR>Vm Am¡a {ZH¥$îQ>Vm H$m AmYma ¶hr
h¡& am°g H$m H$WZ h¡-
O~ AmË‘-gå‘mZ ZîQ> hmo OmVm h¡, V~ M[aÌ {N>ÝZ-{^ÝZ hmo OmVm h¡& BgH$m
nwZ{Z©‘m©U H$aHo$ hr M[aÌ H$m nwZgªJR>Z {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
7. AmZÝX
AÀN>o H$m¶m] Am¡a AÀN>o ì¶dhma H$s àd¥[Îm¶m| H$m H$maU CZ‘| nm¶m OmZo dmbm
AmZÝX h¡& AmZÝX CZH$mo gÝVwîQ> H$aHo$ ñWm¶r ê$n àXmZ H$aVm h¡& AV…
AmZÝX M[aÌ {Z‘m©U ‘| {deof ¶moJXmZ XoVm h¡&
8. BÀN>m-ep³V
BÀN>m-ep³V H$s gabVm Am¡a {Z~©bVm Ho$ AZwgma hr ì¶p³V H$m M[aÌ g~b
¶m {Z~©b hmoVm h¡& ÑT>-ep³V dmbo ì¶p³V H$mo AnZo H$m¶m], AmXVm|, {dMmam|
Am{X na nyU© A{YH$ma hmoVm h¡& Bgr{bE S>pådb H$m H$hZm h¡-
BÀN>m-ep³V, M[aÌ H$m g~go ‘hÎdnyU© A§J h¡&
9. d§emZwH«$‘
ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo AZoH$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {deofVmE± d§emZwH«$‘ go àmá hmoVr h¡& BZ
{deofVmAm| Ho$ H$maU CZHo$ M[aÌ ‘| {d{^ÝZVm nmB© OmVr h¡& am°g H$m H$hZm
h¡-
¶o {deofVmE± h‘mao M[aÌ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¢, na CgHo$ ñdê$n H$mo {ZpíMV
Zht H$aVr h¡&
10. ^m¡{VH$ d gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU
^m¡{VH$ dmVmdaU Ho$ AÝVJ©V Obdm¶w, ^y{‘ H$s ~ZmdQ> Am{X Am¡a gm‘m{OH$
dmVmdaU Ho$ AÝVJ©V Ka, {dÚmb¶, g§Jr-gmWr, gm‘m{OH$ g§ñWm¶|, ar{V-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 43
[admO, ahZ-ghZ H$m ñVa Am{X AmVo h¢& BZ g~H$m M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo
‘| ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡&
11. ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V
‘mZ{gH$ ep³V M[aÌ {Z‘m©U H$m EH$ ‘w»¶ AmYma h¡& BgH$m H$maU ~VmVo hþE
ñQ>Q>© Ed§ AmoH$S>Z Zo {bIm h¡ -
loîR> ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V dmbm ì¶p³V AnZo bú¶m§o H$mo àmá H$aZo ‘| gmYmaUV…
g’$b Am¡a {ZåZ ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V dmbm ì¶p³V gmYmaUV… Ag’$b hmoVm h¡&
12. ñd^md
M[aÌ Ho$ {Z‘m©U na ñd^md H$m à˶j à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& àgÝZ{MV dmbm ì¶p³V
AmemdmXr Am¡a {IÝZ ‘Z dmbm ì¶p³V {ZamemdmXr hmoVm h¡& am°g H$m ‘V h¡-
ñd^md H$s OÝ‘OmV {d{^ÝZVmE± do BªQ>| h¢, {OZHo$ Ûmam M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡&
3.7.4 ~më¶mdñWm ‘| Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ M[aÌ H$m {dH$mg {ZåZm§{H$V H«$‘ ‘| hmoVm h¡-
1. {H$gr g‘yh H$m gXñ¶ ~ZZo Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ H$m Xÿgao ~mbH$m| go
gånH©$ ñWm{nV hmoVm h¡& ’$bñdê$n, CgH$o AmMaU ‘| n[adV©Z
hmoZm Amaå^ hmo OmVm h¡&
2. ~mbH$ {d{^ÝZ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| C{MV Am¡a AZw{MV ‘| AÝVa H$aZm
OmZ OmVm h¡&
3. ~mbH$ ݶm¶ Am¡a B©‘mZXmar Ho$ à{V à~b ^mdZmE± 춳V H$aZo
bJVm h¡&
4. ~mbH$, n[adma Ho$ EH$ {deof gXñ¶ Am¡a {dÚmb¶ Ho$ EH$ {deof
{ejH$ H$s Amkm H$m A{YH$ VËnaVm go nmbZ H$aVm h¡&
5. ~mbH$, Ka ‘| ñdmW©nyU© Am¡a AZw{MV, na {dÚmb¶ ‘| {Z…ñdmW©
Am¡a C{MV ì¶dhma H$aVm h¡&
6. ~mbH$ H$‘ go H$‘ ‘m¡{bH$ ê$n go Mmoar H$aZo, PyR> ~mobZo, YmoIm
XoZo, N>moQ>o ~ÀMm§o ¶m N>moQ>o newAm| H$mo H$îQ> nhþ±MmZo Am¡a eoIr ‘maZo
H$s {ZÝXm H$aZo bJVm h¡&
7. ~mbH$ PyR> ~mobZm H$‘ H$a XoVm h¡, ‘mVm-{nVm go A{YH$ YZ
àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE CZHo$ H$m¶© H$aVm h¡ Am¡a AnZo go gå~{ÝYV
‘hÎdnyU© n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| g˶ ~mobZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡&
8. H$mobog{ZH$ Ho$ AZwgma-
~mbH$ Hw$N> {gÕmÝVm| H$mo g‘PZo, ñdrH$ma H$aZo Am¡a à¶moJ H$aZo bJVm
h¡& dh BZ {gÕmÝVm| na AmYm[aV AnZo ì¶dhma Ho$ à^md na {dMma H$aZo
bJVm h¡&
9. ñQ´>¢J Ho$ AZwgma-
6, 7 Am¡a 8 df© Ho$ ~mbH$m| ‘| {ddoH$, ݶm¶, B©‘mZXmar Am¡a ‘yë¶m| H$s
^mdZm H$m {dH$mg hmoZo bJVm h¡&
g§jon ‘|, h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| ‘| Z¡{VH$Vm H$s
gm‘mݶ YmaUmAm| ¶m Z¡{VH$ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ Hw$N> kmZ H$m {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡&
 n¥îR> 44 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
3.7.5 Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$
pñH$Za d h¡ar‘Z Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-
Eogm H$moB© ^r nmR²>¶H«$‘ ¶m {d{Y Zht h¡, Omo OmXÿ go M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$a Xo& BgHo$
{dnarV, n[adma, Ym{‘©H$ g§ñWm, Iob Ho$ ‘¡XmZ ¶m [dÚmb¶ ‘| àmá {H$¶m OmZo dmbm
à˶oH$ AZw^d Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg H$m Adga àXmZ H$aVm h¡&
M[aÌ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ¶moJ XoZo dmbo Cn[ad{U©V Ed§ Aݶ H$maH$m| H$m
g§{já dU©Z {ZåZ àH$ma h¡ -
1. d§emZwH«$‘
~mbH$ Ho$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg H$m EH$ ‘w»¶ AmYma h¡-CgH$m d§emZwH«$‘& Bg
V϶ H$s nwpîQ>, d§emZwH«$‘ go àmá hmoZo dmbo ‘mZ{gH$ JwUm| H$m CXmhaU XoH$a
H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& Q>‘©Z Zo AnZo Aܶ¶Zm| go {gÕ {H$¶m h¡ {H$ àIa ~w{Õ
dmbo ~mbH$m| ‘| ‘ÝX ~w{Õ dmbo ~mbH$m| H$s Anojm g˶Vm, B©‘mZXmar Am¡a
www.praganya.org
Bgr àH$ma Ho$ Aݶ Z¡{VH$ JwU H$ht A{YH$ hmoVo h¢& Bggo H$ma‘mBHo$b Zo ¶h
{ZîH$f© {ZH$mbm h¡-
loîR> ~w{Õ dmbo ~mbH$ {ZåZ ~w{Õ dmbo ~mbH$m| H$s Anojm CÎm‘ M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U
H$aZo Ho$ {bE A{YH$ AÀN>r n[apñW{V ‘| hmoVo h¢&
2. ‘mVm-{nVm H$m ÑpîQ>H$moU
~mbH$ Ho$ M[aÌ H$m {dH$mg ~hþV gr‘m VH$ CgHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ÑpîQ>H$moU
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na {Z^©a ahVm h¡& ¶{X do CgH$m {VañH$ma H$aVo h¢ ¶m CgHo$ à{V CXmgrZ
ahVo h¢, Vmo CgH$o M[aÌ H$m {dH$mg C{MV ¶m AZw{MV {H$gr ^r {Xem
‘| hmo gH$Vm h¡& na ¶{X do CgHo$ à{V ñZohnyU© ì¶dhma H$aVo h¢, CgH$s
Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo nyam H$aVo h¢ Am¡a gVH©$Vmnyd©H$ CgH$s XoI^mb H$aVo h¢,
Vmo CgHo$ M[aÌ ‘| loîR> JwUm| H$m àmXþ^m©d hmoVm h¡&
3. n[adma H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V
Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg H$mo n[adma H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V {ZpíMV ê$n go à^m{dV
H$aVr h¡ na ¶h Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡ {H$ YZr n[adma Ho$ g^r ~mbH$ gÀM[aÌ
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Am¡a {ZY©Z n[adma Ho$ g^r ~mbH$ XþíM[aÌ hm|& BgH$m ñnîQ>rH$aU H$aVo hþE
H$ma‘mBHo$b Zo {bIm h¡-
¶{X ~mbH$ na CgHo$ A{^^mdH$m| H$m {ZarjU R>rH$ h¡ Am¡a ¶{X CgHo$ gmWr R>rH$
àH$ma Ho$ h¢, Vmo Cg na n[adma H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V H$m à^md ~hþV H$‘ n‹S>Vm h¡&
4. n[adma H$m dmVmdaU
n[adma Ho$ dmVmdaU H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg go K{ZîR> gå~ÝY h¡&
¶{X n[adma ‘| H$moB© Z H$moB© {ZaÝVa amoJJ«ñV ahVm h¡, ¶{X Cg‘| ñdÀN>Vm H$mo
AZmdí¶H$ H$m¶© g‘Pm OmVm h¡, ¶{X Cg‘| ahZo H$m ñWmZ H$‘ h¢ Am¡a ¶{X
Cg‘| {Zdmg H$s CÎm‘ XemE± Zht h¡, Vmo ~mbH$ H$m Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg {e{Wb
Am¡a {dH¥$V hmo OmVm h¡& Bgr{bE n[adma H$mo ~mbH$ Ho$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg Ho$
{bE g~go A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© ‘mZVo hþE H$ma‘mBHo$b Zo {bIm h¡-
M[aÌ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr H$maH$m| H$s gyMr ‘| n[adma H$mo
àW‘ Am¡a g~go A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
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5. n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶
~mbH$ Ho$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg ‘| CgHo$ n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶m| H$m A{V ‘hÎdnyU©
ñWmZ h¡& ¶{X CZ‘| nmañn[aH$ H$Qw>Vm, B©î¶m© Am¡a d¡‘Zñ¶ Ho$ gå~ÝY h¢, Vmo
~mbH$ ‘| ^r A{Zdm¶© ê$n go BZ XþJw©Um| H$s CËn[Îm hmo OmVr h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV,
¶{X do em§{V, gh¶moJ Am¡a B©‘mZXmar H$m OrdZ ì¶VrV H$aVo h¢, Vmo ~mbH$ ‘|
^r gmYmaUV… ¶o JwU ÑpîQ>JV hmoVo h¢&
6. {dÚmb¶
{dÚmb¶ H$mo ~mbH$ Ho$ M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U Am¡a {dH$mg H$aZo H$m EH$ AgmYmaU
ñWmZ ‘mZm OmVm h¡& BgH$m H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ dhm± à{V{XZ 5 ¶m 6 KÊQ>o
ì¶VrV H$aVm h¡, ZmZm àH$ma Ho$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| AmVm h¡ Am¡a {d{^ÝZ
H$m¶©H«$‘m| Ed§ gm‘y{hH$ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| ^mJ boVm h¡& ’$bñdê$n, Cg‘| dm§N>Zr¶
¶m Adm§N>Zr¶ ÑpîQ>H$moUm| H$m {Z‘m©U hmoVm h¡ Am¡a CÝht Ho$ AZwgma dh AnZo
M[aÌ H$m ñdê$n {ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡& {dÚmb¶ Hoo$ Bgr Anyd© ‘hÎd Ho$ H$maU
pñH$Za Ed§ h¡[a‘Z Zo {bIm h¡-
Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg go gå~{ÝYV EH$ g~go ‘hÎdnyU© g§ñWm h¡-{dÚmb¶& n[adma Ho$
Abmdm Am¡a {H$gr ^r g§ñWm H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ OrdZ ‘| BVZm ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ Zht h¡&
7. {ejH$
~mbH$ Ho$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg H$mo C{MV {Xem àXmZ H$aZo ‘| {ejH$ Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo
gm‘mݶ ê$n go g^r ì¶p³V¶m| Ûmam ñdrH$ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BgH$m H$maU ¶h
h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ ~hþYm {H$gr-Z-{H$gr {ejH$ H$mo AnZm AmXe© ‘mZH$a CgH$m
AZwH$aU H$aZo bJVm h¡& AV… ¶{X {ejH$ CÎm‘ JwUm|, AmXem|© Am¡a ¶mo½¶VmAm|
dmbm ì¶p³V h¡, Vmo ~mbH$ ~hþV Hw$N> Cgr H$m à{Vê$n hmo OmVm h¡&
8. gmWr d g‘yh
Ka na àmapå^H$ OrdZ ì¶VrV H$aZo dmbo ~mbH$ na AnZo gm{W¶m| H$m à^md
~hþV hr H$‘ n‹S>Vm h¡& O¡go hr dh {ejm àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$gr {dÚmb¶ ‘|
àdoe H$aVm h¡, d¡go hr ¶h à^md àmaå^ hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a {ZaÝVa ~Zm ahVm h¡&
H$^r-H$^r Cg na AnZo g‘yh Am¡a Iob Ho$ gm{W¶m| H$m BVZm Xÿ{fV à^md
n‹S>Vm h¡ {H$ dh AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm H$s BÀN>mAm| Ho$ {dê$Õ AmMaU H$aZo bJVm
h¡& Eogr Xem ‘| CgH$m Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg dm§N>Zr¶ [Xem ‘| Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡&
9. Ym{‘©H$ {ejm
Ym{‘©H$ {ejm àmá H$aZo dmbo Am¡a Ym{‘©H$ g§ñWmAm| ‘| Aܶ¶Z H$aZo dmbo
~mbH$m| H$m M[aÌ, gm‘mݶ {dÚmb¶m§o ‘| {ejm J«hU H$aZo dmbo N>mÌm| go
loîR>Va hmoVm h¡& Bg gå~ÝY ‘| H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo H$m ‘V h¡-
Ym{‘©H$ {dÚmb¶m| ‘| {ejm àmá H$aZo dmbm ~mbH$ gm‘mݶ {dÚmb¶m| ‘| Aܶ¶Z
H$aZo dmbo ~mbH$ H$s Anojm B©‘mZXmar Am¡a Bgr àH$ma Ho$ Aݶ JwUm| Ho$ A{YH$ CÎm‘
à‘mU XoVm h¡&
10. Aݶ H$maH$
~mbH$ Ho$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo Aݶ H$maH$ h¡-ao{S>¶mo,
Q>obr{dOZ, Mb{MÌ, ‘Zmoa§OZ Ho$ gmYZ, H$hm{Z¶m±, g‘mMma nÌ, ñH$mCqQ>J
Am¡a g§ñH¥${V& BZHo$ gå~ÝY ‘| H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Zo {bIm h¡-
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘ n¥îR> 45

¶{X M[aÌ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo Aݶ H$maH$ Xmofa{hV h¢, Vmo ¶o H$maH$, ~mbH$
Ho$ ÑpîQ>H$moU Ho$ ñdê$n Am¡a {dH$mg Ho$ {bE ^mar IVao Ho$ H$maU Zht h¡&
~mbH$ Ho$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo {OZ H$maH$m| H$m
h‘Zo AdbmoH$Z {H$¶m h¡, CZH$m gå~ÝY d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU XmoZm| go h¡&
XmoZm| H$mo g‘mZ ‘hÎd XoVo hþE H$ma‘mBHo$b Zo {bIm h¡-
{H$gr ^r AdñWm ‘| ì¶p³V H$m Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg Hw$N> OÝ‘OmV H$maH$m| Am¡a
dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr XemAm| na AmYm[aV H$maH$m| Ho$ EH$sH$aU H$m n[aUm‘ h¡&
M[aÌ H$m {dH$mg Ho$db ì¶p³V Ho$ {bE hr Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡, amîQ´> Ho$
{bE ^r Amdí¶H$ h¡& S>m°. amYmH¥$îUZ Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-
~mbH$ Ho$ M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U EH$mH$r OrdZ ì¶VrV H$aZo go Zht, daZ²
Xÿgam| Ho$ g§nH©$ ‘| AmZo go hmoVm h¡& AV… {dÚmb¶ ‘| gm‘m{OH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$m
Am¶moOZ H$aHo$ ~mbH$ H$mo CZ‘| ^mJ booZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$aZm Mm{hE&
12. ‘¡³Sy>Jb Ho$ AZwgma-
AmË‘-gå‘mZ H$m ñWm¶r^md, M[aÌ h¡ Am¡a Z¡{VH$ ñWm¶r^mdm| ‘| gd©loîR>
h¡& AV… ~mbH$ ‘| Bg ñWm¶r^md H$mo nyU© ê$n go {dH${gV H$aZm Mm{hE&
13. d¡bÊQ>mBZ H$m H$WZ h¡-
‘Zwî¶ Hw$N> ñWm¶r^mdm| H$m {OVZm A{YH$ g§JR>Z H$aVm h¡, CVZm hr
A{YH$ dh AnZo M[aÌ H$s A{^ì¶p³V H$aVm h¡&

^maV g{hV g‘ñV {díd Ho$ H$îQ>m| H$m H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ {ejm H$m gå~ÝY Z¡{VH$ AV… ~mbH$ ‘| A{YH$ go A{YH$ ñWm¶r^mdm| H$m g§JR>Z
Am¡a AmܶmpË‘H$ ‘yë¶m| H$s àm{á go Z ahH$a Ho$db ‘pñVîH$ Ho$ {dH$mg go ah J¶m h¡& H$aZo Ho$ {bE AJ«{b{IV H$m¶© {H$¶o OmZo Mm{hE- (1) CÀM AmXem]
AV… {ejm H$m EH$‘mÌ CÔoí¶ M[aÌ {dH$mg hmoZm Mm{hE& M[aÌ H$m {dH$mg Cn¶w³V Am¡a bú¶m| Ho$ {bE àoaUm XoZm, (2) ‘hmZ² ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ {dMmam| Am¡a
dmVmdaU, AÀN>r AmXVm| Ho$ {Z‘m©U, Z¡{VH$Vm H$m {dH$mg, g§H$ën ep³V Ho$ {dH$mg
AmXem] go n[a{MV H$amZm, (3) à{gÕ d¡km{ZH$m|, loîR> gm{h˶H$mam|
go hmo gH$Vm h¡&
Am{X H$s Ord{Z¶m± gwZmZm, (4) H$m¶© Am¡a {gÕmÝV Ho$ CÎm‘ CXmhaU
àñVwV H$aZm Am{X&
3.7.6 M[aÌ {Z‘m©U ‘| {ejm H$m H$m¶© ¶{X {dÚmb¶ Cn¶w©³V H$m¶m] H$mo gånÝZ Zht H$aVm h¡, Vmo dh ~mbH$
pñH$Za d h¡ar‘Z Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-
Ho$ M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo ‘| H$Xm{n g’$b Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡& AV… Bg ~mV H$s
Bg ~mV go H$moB© à¶moOZ Zht h¡ {H$ {ejm H$hm± Xr OmVr h¡ ¶m {H$g àH$ma Xr na‘ Amdí¶H$Vm h¡ {H$ {dÚmb¶ H$s {ejm Bg àH$ma {Z¶mo{OV H$s Om¶o {H$
OmVr h¡& ~mbH$ H$mo Xr OmZo dmbr g~ {ejm H$mo CgHo$ M[aÌ-{Z‘m©Êm ‘| A{Zdm¶©
ê$n go ¶moJXmZ XoZm Mm{hE&
dh ~mbH$ Ho$ M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aHo$, CgH$s ^mdr g’$bVm H$m ‘mJ© àeñV
H$ao& ZoeZb gmogmBQ>r H$s B©¶a~wH$ ‘| A§{H$V Bg dm³¶ ‘| A‘a g˶ h¡ {H$-
{ejm H$mo ~mbH$ Ho$ M[aÌ-{Z‘m©U ‘| ¶moJ XoZo Ho$ {bE AZoH$ {d{Y¶m|
{dÚmb¶ H$mo ¶h MwZm¡Vr h¡ {H$ dh ~mbH$ Ho$ Cn¶w³V à{ejU Ho$ {bE g~go A{YH$
H$mo AnZm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¡- Cn¶moJr n[apñW{V¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U H$ao&
1. ~mbH$ H$mo {Z¶{‘V ê$n go Z¡{VH$ {ejm XoZr Mm{hE&
2. ~mbH$ Ho$ AÀN>o {dMmam|, BÀN>mAm| Am¡a àd¥[Îm¶m§o H$mo àmoËgm{hV
H$aZm Mm{hE& *******
3. ~mbH$ H$mo CÎm‘ dmVmdaU ‘| aIH$a, Cg‘| Z¡{VH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg
H$aZm Mm{hE& AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AܶmnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB© H$a aho h¢ Vmo
4. ~mbH$ H$mo Eogo dmVmdaU ‘| aIZm Mm{hE, {Og‘§o Cg‘| ^¶, K¥Um, Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr H$jm Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘|
H«$moY Am{X Ho$ g‘mZ Adm§N>Zr¶ ñWm¶r^md CËnÝZ Z hm|& Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu
5. ~mbH$ Ho$ à{V ào‘, X¶m Am¡a ghmZw^y{V H$m ì¶dhma H$aHo$, Cg‘| {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&
UPTET - 95301 43210
BZ ñWm¶r^mdm| H$mo CËnÝZ H$aZm Mm{hE&
MP Samvida - 95302 43210
6. ~mbH$ H$s ‘ybàd¥[Îm¶m| H$m X‘Z Zht H$aZm Mm{hE& Eogm H$aZo go BTET - 95302 43210
CgHo$ ‘pñVîH$ ‘| J«pÝW¶m± ~Z OmVr h¡& ’$bñdê$n, Cg‘| XþJw©U UTET - 72209 29294
Am¡a ~war àd¥[Îm¶m± CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡& JTET - 72209 29239
7. ~mbH$ H$s ‘ybàd¥[Îm¶m| H$m emoYZ, ê$n-n[adV©Z Am¡a à{ejU HTET - 72209 29266
H$aHo$ CÎm‘ g§doJm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm Mm{hE& CGTET - 72209 28969
8. ~mbH$ H$mo jwÐ ñWm¶r ^mdm| Ho$ D$na CR>mZo Ho$ {bE Cg‘| CÎm‘ HPTET - 72209 28535
AmXem], gX²JwUm| Am¡a A‘yV© ñWm¶r^mdm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm Mm{hE&
9. ~mbH$ ‘| AÀN>r AmXVm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm Mm{hE Am¡a CgH$s AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$ nong©, ‘m°S>b
BÀN>m-ep³V H$mo Ñ‹T> ~ZmZo H$m à¶mg H$aZm Mm{hE& nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go ‘mJ©Xe©Z {H$¶m OmEJm,
10. ~mbH$ Ho$ M[aÌ H$m {dH$mg H$aZo Ho$ {bE CgHo$, ì¶p³VËd Ho$ g~ Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm àmá H$a gH|$&
A§Jm| H$m {dH$mg H$aZm Mm{hE&
11. pñH$Za Ed§ h¡[a‘Z Ho$ AZwgma-

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 46 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&

Aä¶mgmW© àíZ 10. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {dH$mg N>moQ>o ~ÀMm| ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ d g§kmZmË‘H$
{dH$mg ‘| gdm©{YH$ ‘XXJma hmoVm h¡?
(1) gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg (2) emar[aH$ {dH$mg
(3) gm§do{JH$ {dH$mg (4) ^mfm¶r {dH$mg
1. ‘mZd {dH$mg H$mo joÌm| ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Omo h¢-
(1) emar[aH$, AmܶmpË‘H$, g§kmZmË‘H$ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$
11. {H$gr N>mÌ H$m ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg, emar[aH$ {dH$mg VWm g§doJmË‘H$
(2) emar[aH$, g§kmZmË‘H$, g§doJmË‘H$ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg CgH$s {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m H$m H$m¡Zgm H$maH$ h¡?
(3) g§doJmË‘H$, g§kmZmË‘H$, AmܶmpË‘H$ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$-‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ (1) AmÝV[aH$ H$maH$ (2) ~mø H$maH$
(4) ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$, g§kmZmË‘H$, g§doJmË‘H$ Am¡a emar[aH$ (3) 1 Ed§ 2 XmoZm| (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

2. am°g Zo ‘mZd {dH$mg H$mo ~m±Q>m h¡- 12. ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| g~go ‘hÎdnyU© H$maH$ H$m¡Zgm h¡?
(1) 2 ^mJm| ‘| (2) 4 ^mJm| ‘| (1) Om{V ^oX
(3) 6 ^mJm| ‘| (4) 10 ^mJm| ‘| (2) AmZwd§{eH$Vm
(3) dmVmdaU

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3. {ejm H$s X¥pîQ> goo ‘mZd {dH$mg H$m {ZåZ nj g~go A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡- (4) AmZwd§{eH$Vm VWm dmVmdaU
(1) emar[aH$ (2) ‘mZ{gH$
(3) gm‘m{OH$ (4) g§doJmË‘H$ 13. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$ V϶naH²$ Aܶ¶Z go gå~pÝYV ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
h¢-
4. AdYmaUmAm| H$m {dH$mg ‘w»¶ ê$n go .......... H$m {hñgm h¡& (1) {~«OoO (2) habm°H$
(1) ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg (2) emar[aH$ {dH$mg (3) bobo (4) Wm°ångZ
(3) gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg (4) g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg
14. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV
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5. ~ÀMm| Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo g~go AÀN>o VarHo$ go H$hm± n[a^m{fV Zht H$aVm h¡?
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡? (1) ~w{Õ
(1) Iob Ho$ ‘¡XmZ ‘| (2) {dÚmb¶ Ed§ H$jm ‘| (2) VH©$ ep³V
(3) Am°{S>Q>mo[a¶‘ ‘| (4) J¥h ‘| (3) ^mfm à¶moJ H$s j‘Vm
(4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
6. bm°aoÝg H$moh²b~J© ........... {dH$mg Ho$ joÌ ‘| emoY Ho$ {bE OmZo
OmVo h¢& 15. {ZåZ ‘§o go H$m¡Zgm H$maH$ {eew Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo à{VHy$b T>§J
(1) g§kmZmË‘H$ (2) emar[aH$ go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡?
(3) Z¡{VH$ (4) Jm‘H$ (1) Iob Ed§ ì¶m¶m‘
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(2) gÝVw{bV Amhma Ed§ nmofU

7. BÝS>moH«$mBZ ½b¡ÊS> Ho$ {dH$mg go hmoVm h¡- (3) {Z¶{‘V {XZM¶m© ‘| {dMbZ
(1) emar[aH$ {dH$mg (2) ‘m±gnoer¶ {dH$mg (4) amoJ J«ñVVm
(3) g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
16. ~ÀMo H$o C{MV {dH$mg H$mo gw{ZpíMV H$aZo Ho$ {bE CgH$m ñdñW
8. emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m AmYma h¡? emar[aH$ {dH$mg EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© nyd© Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& ¶h H$WZ-
(1) Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg (2) gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg (1) JbV hmo gH$Vm h¡, ³¶m|[H$ {dH$mg {ZVmÝV ì¶p³VJV ‘m‘bm h¡&
(3) ^mfm {dH$mg (4) ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg (2) ghr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ {dH$mg-H«$‘ ‘| emar[aH$ {dH$mg g~go nhbo ñWmZ na
9. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m nhby Zht h¡- AmVm h¡&
(1) gåà˶¶ {Z‘m©U (3) ghr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg, {dH$mg Ho$ Aݶ njm| Ho$ gmW AÝV…
(2) g§doXZm d à˶jrH$aU gå~pÝYV h¡&
(3) ñ‘aU ep³V (4) JbV h¡, ³¶m|{H$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg, {dH$mg Ho$ Aݶ njm| H$mo {H$gr ^r
(4) ZmJ[aH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg àH$ma go à^m{dV Zhr§ H$aVm&

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

(4) (2) (2) (1) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4) (2) (1) (3) (1) (4) (4) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘ n¥îR> 47

17. 12-14 df© H$s Am¶w Ho$ ~rM .......... H$s Anojm .......... H$s bå~mB© (2) à˶oH$ ‘mh CZH$m dOZ Vm¡b|Jo&
Ed§ ‘m±gno{e¶m| ‘| VoOr go d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡, Ed§ 14-18 df© H$s Am¶w Ho$ (3) à˶oH$ ‘mh CZH$s ê${M¶m|, AmXVm|, ÑpîQ>H$moUm|, ñd^md, ì¶p³VËd,
~rM ........... H$s Anojm ........... H$s bå~mB© Ed§ ‘m±gno{e¶m± VoμOr ì¶dhma Am{X ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$s Om±M H$a|Jo&
go ~‹T>Vr h¢& (4) à˶oH$ ‘mh CZHo$ emar[aH$ AmH$ma ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Z H$s Om±M H$a|Jo&
(1) b‹S>{H$¶m|, b‹S>H$m|; b‹S>H$m|, b‹S>{H$¶m|
23. ~mbH$ H$m g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$go à^m{dV H$aVm
(2) b‹S>H$m|, b‹S>{H$¶mo§; b‹S>{H$¶m|, b‹S>H$m|
h¡?
(3) b‹S>H$m|, b‹S>{H$¶m|; b‹S>H$m|, b‹S>H$m|
1. CgHo$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo
(4) b‹S>{H$¶m|, b‹S>H$m|; b‹S>{H$¶m|, b‹S>H$m|
2. CgHo$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$mo
18. H$m¡Zgr nmR²>¶M¶m© gdm©{YH$ Cn¶w³V hmoJr? 3. CgHo$ Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg H$mo
(1) ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ AÝVg©å~ÝYm| Ho$ AZwHy$b (1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 3
(2) Xoe H$s gä¶Vm-g§ñH¥${V Ho$ AZwHy$b (3) 2 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r
(3) ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Ho$ AÝVg©å~ÝYm| Ho$ AZwHy$b
24. g^r ~ÀMm| H$m ñdñW emar[aH$ {dH$mg g^r àH$ma Ho$ {dH$mg H$s
(4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
nhbr eV© h¡& BgHo$ {bE {H$Z ‘yb Amdí¶H$VmAm| na ܶmZ XoZm
19. g^r ~ÀMm| H$s ñdVÝÌ Iobm|, AZm¡nMm[aH$ d Am¡nMm[aH$ Iobm|, ¶moJ Amdí¶H$ h¡?
Am¡a Iob H$s J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| gh^m{JVm ³¶m| Amdí¶H$ h¡? 1. nm¡pîQ>H$ Amhma na
(1) emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE 2. emar[aH$ ì¶m¶m‘ na
(2) ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE 3. ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ Oê$aVm| na
(3) gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE (1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 3
(4) Cnamo³V g^r (3) 1 Ed§ 2 (4) ¶o g^r

20. ~mb-{dH$mg Ho$ [d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘ Ed§ BZHo$ A{YJ‘ go gå~ÝY Ho$ 25. O~ {H$emoa ‘| {H$gr dñVw, g‘ñ¶m ¶m n[apñW{V Ho$ {bE {ZOr ñVa
gÝX^© ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ Ag˶ h¡? na {ZU©¶ boZo H$s j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg n[an³d hmoZo bJVm h¡, Vmo Bg
(1) {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘m| H$m Amng ‘| K{ZîR> gå~ÝY h¡ Ed§ ¶o {dH$mg H$mo ³¶m H$hVo h¢?
A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& (1) ^mfm¶r {dH$mg
(2) ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg, Ed§ A{YJ‘ EH$ {ZaÝVa à{H«$¶m h¡& (2) g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg
(3) emar[aH$ {dH$mg, {deofH$a N>moQ>o ~ÀMm| ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ d (3) gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg
g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| ‘XXJma h¡& (4) ‘ZmoJ˶mË‘H$ {dH$mg
(4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
26. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Z-gm H$WZ g˶ h¡?
21. AmnH$s H$jm H$m EH$ N>mÌ, amOy emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$s ÑpîQ> go H$m’$s (1) ÑpîQ>H$moU, ^mdZmE± Am¡a AmXe©, g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$ A{^ÝZ {hñgo
{nN>‹S>m hþAm h¡& AmnH$mo {dH$mg Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g Am¶m‘ ‘| h¢ Am¡a ^mfm {dH$mg, ‘mZ{gH$ {MÌU, AdYmaUmAm| d Vm{H©$H$Vm go
amOy Ho$ {nN>‹S>Zo H$s {MÝVm hmo gH$Vr h¡? BZH$m Jham gå~ÝY h¡&
1. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg (2) g^r ~ÀMm| H$m ñdñW emar[aH$ {dH$mg g^r àH$ma Ho$ {dH$mg H$s
2. ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg nhbr eV© Zht h¡&
3. gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg (3) ‘mZ{gH$ Am¡a ^mfm¶r {dH$mg, gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Ed§ A{YJ‘ H$mo
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 Aà˶j ê$n go à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&
(3) 1 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r (4) ~mbH$ Ho$ gÝVw{bV {dH$mg ‘| CgHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s Zht ~pëH$
emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$s Ah‘² ^y{‘H$m hmoVr h¡&
22. Amn AnZr H$jm ‘| go Hw$N> N>mÌmo§ H$mo MwZH$a N>… ‘hrZo ‘| CZ‘| hmoZo
dmbo {dH$mg H$s EH$ [anmoQ>© V¡¶ma H$aZm MmhVo h¢, Vmo BgHo$ {bE Amn 27. ~ÀMm| Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg H$s Mma {d{eîQ> AdñWmAm| H$s nhMmZ H$s
{ZåZ ‘| go ³¶m MwZ|Jo? JB©-
(1) à˶oH$ ‘mh CZH$s bå~mB© ‘mn|Jo& (1) pñH$Za Ûmam (2) {n¶mOo Ûmam
(3) H$moh²b~J© Ûmam (4) E[aH$gZ Ûmam
17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.
(2) (1) (4) (4) (4) (3) (4) (4) (2) (1) (2)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 48 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
28. {nV¥ {damoYr d ‘mV¥ {damoYr J«pÝW¶m± {dH${gV hmoVr h¡- 37. AÀN>o M[aÌ ‘| gpå‘{bV h¡-
(1) e¡edmdñWm ‘| (2) ~më¶mdñWm ‘| (1) gh¶moJ (2) YmoIm
(3) {H$emoamdñWm ‘| (4) H$^r Zht (3) PyR> (4) ~oB‘mZr

29. {H$emoam| Ho$ g‘w{MV {dH$mg Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡- 38. OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ {eew Ho$ ‘pñVîH$ H$m Am¡gV ^ma {H$VZm hmoVm h¡?
(1) gXmMma H$m {ejU (2) AmXe© {ejU (1) bJ^J 400 J«m‘ (2) bJ^J 350 J«m‘
(3) Z¡{VH$ {ejU (4) Cnamo³V g^r (3) bJ^J 500 J«m‘ (4) bJ^J 600 J«m‘

30. {H$emoamdñWm ‘| gm§do{JH$ {dH$mg H$s {deofVm Zht h¡- 39. ¶{X EH$ ~mbH$ e¡edmdñWm ‘| Xþ~©b h¡ VWm dh OëXr-OëXr ~r‘ma
(1) g§doJm| H$m n[an³d hmoZm hmo OmVm h¡, Vmo CgH$m emar[aH$ {dH$mg {H$g àH$ma à^m{dV hmoJm?
(2) g§doJm| H$m Vrd« hmoZm (1) gm‘mݶ T>§J go
(3) g§doJm| H$m IwbH$a àXe©Z (2) A{ZpíMV T>§J go
(4) g§doJm| H$m AñnîQ> hmoZm (3) à{VHy$b T>§J go
(4) H$h Zht gH$Vo h¢&

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31. {n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma g§kmZmË‘H$ ~mb {dH$mg H$s {H$VZr AdñWmE± h¡?
(1) 3 (2) 4 40. {eew Ho$ OÝ‘ Ho$ ^ma H$s VwbZm Ho$ gÝX^© ‘§o N>… ‘mh ~mX {H$VZo
(3) 5 (4) 6 JwZm d¥{Õ hmoJr? ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15
(1) bJ^J VrZ JwZr {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo
32. {~J d h§Q> Ho$ AZwgma ........... H$s {deofVmAm| H$mo gdm}Îm‘ ê$n go
(2) bJ^J XmoJwZr gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s
춳V H$aZo dmbm EH$ eãX h¡ n[adV©Z& n[adV©Z emar[aH$, gm‘m{OH$ (3) bJ^J nm±M JwZr PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
Am¡a ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ hmoVm h¡& (4) bJ^J Mma JwZr www.praganya.org
(1) e¡edmdñWm (2) ~më¶mdñWm go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
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(3) {H$emoamdñWm (4) àm¡‹T>mdñWm 41. EH$ {eew eãXm| H$m CÀMmaU H$aZm H$~ go àmaå^ H$aVm h¡?
(1) bJ^J 2 df© H$s Am¶w go
33. ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ d {H«$¶mË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s {Xem hmoVr h¡- (2) bJ^J 18 ‘mh H$m hmo OmZo na
(1) {ga go n¡a VWm eara Ho$ ~mha go ‘ܶ H$s Amoa (3) bJ^J 5 df© H$s Am¶w go
(2) {ga go n¡a VWm eara Ho$ ‘ܶ go ~mha H$s Amoa (4) bJ^J 3 df© H$s Am¶w go
(3) n¡a go {ga VWm eara Ho$ ~mha go ‘ܶ H$s Amoa
(4) n¡a go {ga VWm eara Ho$ ‘ܶ go ~mha H$s Amoa 42. ~mbH$m| H$mo gm‘mݶ {eîQ>mMma Ho$ {Z¶‘m| H$s OmZH$mar H$m {dH$mg
gm‘mݶVm {H$g Am¶w ‘| hmo OmVm h¡?
34. EH$ ~ÀMm B©î¶m© H$m àXe©Z H$aVm h¡- (1) bJ^J 5-6 df© H$s Am¶w ‘|
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(1) 6 ‘mh H$s Am¶w ‘| (2) bJ^J 4 df© H$s Am¶w ‘|

(2) 12 ‘mh H$s Am¶w ‘| (3) bJ^J 9-10 df© H$s Am¶w ‘|
(3) 18 ‘mh H$s Am¶w ‘| (4) bJ^J 7-8 df© H$s Am¶w ‘|
(4) 24 ‘mh H$s Am¶w ‘|
43. àm¶… 15 go boH$a 20 df© H$s Am¶w ‘| ~mbH$m| Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg
35. {nV¥ {damoYr J«pÝW Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$- H$s AdñWm .......... hmoVr h¡&
(1) ‘mVm go ào‘ H$aVm h¡, {nVm go K¥Um
(1) ݶyZV‘ (2) CÀMV‘
(2) {nVm go ào‘ H$aVm h¡, ‘mVm go K¥Um
(3) A{ZpíMV (4) Am¡gVZ
(3) ‘mVm-{nVm XmoZm| go ào‘ H$aVm h¡&
(4) ‘mVm-{nVm XmoZm| go K¥Um H$aVm h¡& 44. àm¶… {H$emoamdñWm ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm/go n[adV©Z X¥pîQ>JmoMa hmoVo
h¡/h¢?
36. {nV¥ {damoYr J«pÝW H$mo {H$g Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡?
(1) eara Ho$ A§Jmo ‘| (2) {eîQ>mMma Ho$ T>§J ‘|o
(1) {b{~S>mo (2) Zma{gÁ‘
(3) ñda ‘| (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r ‘|
(3) BamoO (4) Am{S>ng H$m°ånbo³g

28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44.
(1) (4) (4) (2) (3) (2) (1) (1) (4) (1) (2) (3) (2) (4) (4) (2) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘ n¥îR> 49

45. {H$emoamdñWm ‘| {H$emoa àm¶… {M‹S>{M‹S>m hmo OmVm h¡& AmnHo$ {dMma ‘| 52. {H$g Am¶w dJ© Ho$ {bE narH$Wm gm{h˶ (H$hm{Z¶m±) A{YH$ Cn¶w³V
BgH$m ‘w»¶ H$maU h¡- ‘mZm OmVm h¢?
(1) CgH$s {JZVr Z N>moQ>m| ‘| Am¡a Z hr ~‹S>m| ‘| hmoVr h¡& (1) ~mbH$ Am¶w dJ© Ho$ {bE
(2) CgH$s àd¥{Îm nyU© ñdVÝÌVm àmßV H$aZo H$s hmoVr h¡& (2) {eew Am¶w dJ© Ho$ {bE
(3) CgH$s emar[aH$ g§aMZm AgÝVw{bV àVrV hmoZo bJVr h¡& (3) d¥Õ Am¶w dJ© Ho$ {bE
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r (4) {H$emoa Am¶w dJ© Ho$ {bE

46. {H$emoa ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| {H$emo[a¶m| ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr 53. {ZåZ ‘| go {H$g AdñWm Ho$ Xm¡amZ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$s Vrd«Vm Ho$
¶mo½¶VmE± AnojmH¥$V A{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘| CnpñWV ahVr h¢? Xe©Z hmoVo h¢?
(1) H$m¶m©Ë‘H$ ¶mo½¶VmE± (1) ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ Xm¡amZ
(2) ^mfm gå~ÝYr ¶mo½¶VmE± (2) {H$emoamdñWm Ho$ Xm¡amZ
(3) d¡km{ZH$ ¶mo½¶VmE± (3) e¡edmdñWm Ho$ Xm¡amZ
(4) {MÝVZ ¶mo½¶VmE± (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

47. Xmo df© H$s Am¶w VH$ ~mbH$ Ho$ eãX ^ÊS>ma ‘| {H$VZo eãXm| VH$ d¥{Õ 54. emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m gå~ÝY {ZåZ ‘| go {H$ggo Zht h¡?
hmo OmVr h¡? (1) {ga Ed§ ‘pñVîH$ go (2) eara Ho$ ^ma go
(1) 110 eãXm| VH$ (2) 100 eãXmo§ VH$ (3) a³V àdmh go (4) h{S²>S>¶m| go
(3) 160 eãXmo§ VH$ (4) 150 eãXm| VH$
55. Am¶w Ho$ {H$Z dfm] VH$ A{YH$Va ~ÀMm| Ho$ g^r 20 XÿY Ho$ Xm±V
48. ~mbH$m§o ‘| VH©$, {Okmgm Ed§ {ZarjU ep³V H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡- {ZH$b OmVo h¢?
(1) 13 df© H$s Am¶w ‘| (1) 2 go 2.5 df© (2) 3 go 3.5 df©
(2) 16 df© H$s Am¶w ‘| (3) 2.5 go 3 df© (4) 3.5 go 4 df©
(3) 11 df© H$s Am¶w ‘|
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go {H$gr ‘| ^r Zht 56. {H$g AdñWm ‘| Xm±V ~ZZm ewê$ hmoVo h¢?
(1) OÝ‘ go nyd© (2) e¡edmdñWm
49. {eew H«$moY Ed§ ào‘nyU© ì¶dhma ‘| {d^oX àmaå^ H$a XoVm h¡- (3) ~më¶mdñWm (4) H$moB© Zht
(1) ~më¶mdñWm ‘|
(2) e¡edmdñWm ‘| 57. ‘pñVîH$ Ho$ ~mE± AÕ©Jmob ^mJ go hmoVm h¡-
(3) ¶wdmdñWm ‘| (1) g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
(4) {H$emoamdñWm ‘| (2) g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
(3) ^mfmË‘H$ {dH$mg àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
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50. {H$g df© H$s Am¶w VH$ ~mbH$ H$m gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma AmË‘Ho$pÝÐV (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
~Zm ahVm h¡?
(1) bJ^J 5 df© H$s Am¶w VH$ 58. gmV df© H$s Am¶w VH$ nhþ±MVo-nhþ±MVo EH$ gm‘mݶ ~mbH$ H$m eãX
(2) bJ^J 7 df© H$s Am¶w VH$ ^ÊS>ma hmo OmVm h¡-
(3) bJ^J 3 df© H$s Am¶w VH$ (1) 1000 eãX (2) 6000 eãX
(4) bJ^J OrdZn¶©ÝV (3) 11000 eãX (4) 16000 eãX

51. {H$emoamdñWm ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go {H$gHo$ Ûmam, {dnarV b¢{JH$ AmH$f©U H$s 59. {H$g AdñWm ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ~hþV Vrd« J{V go hmoVm h¡?
^mdZm H$m àXe©Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡? (1) {H$emoamdñWm (2) àm¡‹T>mdñWm
(1) AmH$f©H$, ^‹S>H$sbo n[aYmZm| Ho$ Ûmam (3) ~më¶mdñWm (4) e¡edmdñWm
(2) g‘yh ZoV¥Ëd Ûmam 60. EH$ ZdOmV {eew H$m H$X (D±$MmB©) {H$VZm hmoVm h¡?
(3) gm¡ÝX¶m©Ë‘H$ ZwñIm| Ho$ Ûmam (1) 19 B§M (2) 20 B§M
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r Ho$ Ûmam (3) 12 B§M (4) 22 B§M

45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
(4) (2) (2) (3) (2) (3) (4) (2) (3) (3) (1) (1) (3) (2) (3) (2)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 50 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
61. EH$ ZdOmV {eew H$m ^ma {H$VZm hmoVm h¡?
(1) 6 nmCÊS> (2) 7 nmCÊS>
(3) 8 nmCÊS> (4) 9 nmCÊS> àJʶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ à˶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET, MP Samvida,
BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET, HPTET) Ho$ {bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s
62. EH$ {eew ‘| {H$VZr h{S²>S>¶m± hmoVr h¡? ’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡& ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV
(1) 270 (2) 350 Whatsapp No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$ ³bmg J«wn ¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m Aݶ ñQ>S>r Jw«n ‘|
(3) 206 (4) 250 Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘| ‘m°S>b nona ^ooO {XE OmE±J|&
REET - 94604 43210
63. AñWm¶r Xm±V {ZH$bZo ewê$ hmoVo h¢- UPTET - 95301 43210
(1) 6 go 8 ‘mh ‘| (2) 7 go 9 ‘mh ‘| MP Samvida - 95302 43210
(3) 8 go 10 ‘mh ‘| (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht BTET - 95302 43210
UTET - 72209 29294
64. OÝ‘ go àmßV H$X bJ^J XþJwZm hmo OmVm h¡- JTET - 72209 29239
(1) 4 df© ‘| (2) 5 df© ‘| HTET - 72209 29266

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(3) 6 df© ‘| (4) 7 df© ‘| CGTET - 72209 28969
HPTET - 72209 28535
65. ~m{bH$mAm| H$m ^mfm {dH$mg ~mbH$m| go AmJo ahVm h¢-
(1) g^r AdñWmAm| ‘| (2) e¡edmdñWm ‘|
(3) ~më¶mdñWm ‘| (4) {H$emoamdñWm ‘|

66. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr n[apñW{V ‘| ~ÀMo H$m g§doJmË‘H$ Ed§

gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg, AÀN>o go hmoJm?
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(1) O~ ~ÀMo H$mo ‘hÎdnyU© ‘mZm OmE, CgH$s ^mdZmAm| H$mo gå‘mZ {H$¶m
OmE&
(2) ~ÀMo H$mo A{YH$ go A{YH$ n‹T>Zo H$mo H$hm OmE&
(3) ~ÀMo Ho$ H$jm ‘| AÀN>o A§H$ AmE&
(4) O~ {ejH$ ~ÀMm| H$mo CZHo$ ~m¡{ÕH$ ñVa Ho$ AZwgma n‹T>mE&

67. ~ÀMm| Ho$ ^mfmB© {dH$mg Ho$ {bE Oê$ar h¡ {H$-

(1) CZH$mo A{YH$ go A{YH$ AnZo {dMma 춳V H$aZo Ho$ Adga XoZo
Mm{hE&
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(2) ^mfmB© H$m¡ebm| Ho$ {dH$mg hoVw J{V{d{Y¶m± Am¶mo{OV H$s OmZr Mm{hE&
(3) {bIZm, n‹T>Zm, ~mobZm VWm gwZZo H$m Aä¶mg H$amZm Mm{hE&
(4) Cnamo³V g^r

*******

61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67.

(4) (1) (1) (2) (3) (4) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU
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Aܶm¶ 4
d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU
4.1 àñVmdZm
‘Zwî¶ H$m {dH$mg {OZ H$maH$m| Ûmam hmoVm h¡, CZ‘o| O¡{dH$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$
H$maH$ g~go ‘w»¶ h¢& O¡{dH$ {dH$mg H$m Xm{¶Ëd ‘mVm-{nVm na hmoVm h¡ VWm
gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$m dmVmdaU na hmoVm h¡& ‘mVm-{nVm {Og {eew H$mo OÝ‘
XoVo h¢, CgH$m emar[aH$ {dH$mg J^©H$mb ‘| hr Amaå^ hmo OmVm h¡ VWm OÝ‘
Ho$ ~mX {‘bo dmVmdaU Ûmam hmoVm h¡&
OÝ‘ go gå~pÝYV {dH$mg Ho$ d§emZwH$« ‘ Am¡a g‘mO go gå~pÝYV
{dH$mg H$mo dmVmdaU H$hVo h¢& Bgo àH¥${V VWm nmofU ^r H$hm J¶m h¡& O¡gm
{H$ dwS>dW© H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ EH$ nm¡Yo H$m d§emZwH$« ‘ CgHo$ ~rO ‘§o {Z{hV h¡ Am¡a
CgHo$ nmofU H$m Xm{¶Ëd CgHo$ dmVmdaU na {Z^©a h¡& d§emZwH$« ‘ VWm dmVmdaU
H$m Aܶ¶Z àmUr Ho$ {dH$mg VWm dmVmdaU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m ’$b h¡&
‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| ¶h àíZ h‘oem MMm© H$m {df¶ ahm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ Ho$
{dH$mg ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ H$m gh¶moJ A{YH$ h¡ ¶m dmVmdaU H$m& Bg àíZ na
àm¶… ‘V^oX aho h¢
4.2 d§emZwH«$‘ H$m AW© Ed§ n[a^mfm
gmYmaU AW© ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ go VmËn¶© O¡go Ho$ V¡go go ¶m g‘mZ Ho$ g‘mZ go
h¡& gmYmaUV¶m Bggo VmËn¶© h¡ {H$ O¡go ‘mVm-{nVm hmoVo h¢, CZH$s gÝVmZ
^r d¡gr hr hmoVr h¡& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘| ¶h ^r H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ O¡go Ord hmoVo h¢,
do AnZo hr O¡go Ordm| H$mo OÝ‘ XoVo h¢& Bgr H$WZ Ho$ AmYma na h‘ XoIVo
h¢ {H$ gm‘mݶV… ~mbH$ emar[aH$ ê$n-JwU ‘| AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ AZwê$n hr
hmoVm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m ‘V Vmo ¶hm± VH$ h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm go
emar[aH$ JwU hr Zht ~pëH$ ‘mZ{gH$ E§d gm‘m{OH$ JwU ^r àmá H$aVm h¡&
Bg ‘V Ho$ AZwgma ñdñW Ed§ {dÛmZ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ñdñW Ed§ {dÛmZ gÝVmZ
hmoZr Mm{hE& {H$ÝVw Bg V϶ Ho$ AndmX ^r nm¶o OmVo h¢, CXmhaUmW©, {dÛmZ
‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ‘ÝX ~w{Õ gÝVmZ Am¡a ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ {dÛmZ gÝVmZ
XoIr OmVr h¡& BgH$m H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ JwU AnZo
‘mVm-{nVm go hr Zht A{nVw CZgo nhbo Ho$ nyd©Om| go ^r àmá H$aVm h¡& nyd©Om|
H$o JwUm| H$m hñVmÝVaU ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go hr hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ JwUm|
Ho hñVmÝVaU H$mo hr d§emZwH«$‘ ¶m AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$hVo h¢&
{d{^ÝZ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo {d{^ÝZ àH$ma go d§emZwH«$‘ H$s n[a^mfmE±
AnZo-AnZo T>§J go Xr h¢ Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. dwS>dW© Ho$ AZwgma-
d§emZwH«$‘ ‘| do g^r ~mV| Am OmVr h¢ Omo OrdZ H$m Amaå^ H$aVo g‘¶ ì¶p³V ‘|
CnpñWV Wt& ¶o OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ Zht daZ² J^m©YmZ Ho$ g‘¶ OÝ‘ go bJ^J Zm¡ ‘mh
nyd© ì¶p³V ‘| n¡Xm hmoVr h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 51
2. Oo. E. WmångZ Ho$ AZwgma-
d§emZwH«$‘, H«$‘~Õ nr[‹T>¶m| Ho$ ~rM CËn[Îm gå~ÝYr, gå~ÝY Ho$ {b¶o gw{dYmOZH$
eãX h¡&
3. EM. E. noQ>agZ Ho$ AZwgma-
d§emZwH«$‘ H$mo Bg àH$ma n[a^m{fV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V AnZo ‘mVm-
{nVm Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go nyd©Om| Ho$ Omo Hw$N> JwU àmá H$aVm h¡, dhr d§emZwH«$‘ H$hbmVm h¡&
4. nr. {Oñ~Q>© Ho$ AZwgma-
àH¥${V ‘| à˶oH$ nr‹T>r H$m H$m¶© ‘mVm-{nVm gÝVmZm| ‘| Hw$N> O¡dH$s¶ ¶m ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
{deofVmAm| H$m hñVmÝVaU H$aZm h¡& Bg àH$ma hñVm[ÝaV {deofVmAm| H$s {‘br-Owbr
JR>ar H$mo d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ Zm‘ go nwH$mam OmVm h¡&
5. S>Jbg d hm°b¡ÊS Ho$ AZwgma-
‘mVm-{nVm ¶m Aݶ nyd©O ¶m àOm{V go àmá g‘ñV emar[aH$ aMZmE±, {deofVmE±,
{H«$¶mE± AWdm j‘VmE± ì¶p³V Ho$ d§emZwH«$‘ ‘| gpå‘{bV ahVr h¢&
6. ê$W ~|{S>³Q> Ho$ AZwgma-
d§emZwH«$‘ ‘mVm-{nVm go gÝVmZ H$mo àmá hmoZo dmbo JwUm| H$m Zm‘ h¡&
7. EZ EZmñQ>‘r Ho$ AZwgma-
d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ VÎd OÝ‘ Ho$ ~hþV ~mX VH$ ì¶p³V Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$a gH$Vo
h¢ Am¡a dmñVd ‘| ¶h à^md OrdZn¶©ÝV MbVm h¡&
8. Ooåg S´>oda Ho$ AZwgma-
‘mVm-{nVm H$s emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ {deofVmAm| H$m gÝVmZm| ‘| g§H«${‘V hmoZm
hr d§emZwH«$‘ h¡&
9. ~r. EZ. Pm Ho$ AZwgma-
d§emZwH«$‘, ì¶p³V H$s OÝ‘OmV {deofVmAm| H$m nyU© ¶moJ h¡&
Cn¶w©³V n[a^mfmAm| go ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V H$mo AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm go
àmá JwU hr d§emZwH«$‘ Zht hmoVo A{nVw CZHo$ ‘mܶ‘ go nyd©Om| Ho$ JwUm| H$s àm{á
^r d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ AÝVJ©V AmVr h¡& ¶hm± na ¶h MMm© H$m {df¶ h¡ {H$ d§emZwH«$‘
Ho$ Ûmam H$m¡Z-go JwUm| H$m hñVmÝVaU AmJo AmZo dmbr nr‹T>r H$mo hmoVm h¡&
4.3 d§emZwH«$‘ H$s ¶ÝÌ aMZm/à{H«$¶m
‘mZd-eara H$s ~ZmdQ> gå~ÝYr ¶ÝÌ-aMZm ~‹S>r O{Q>b h¡& ¶hm± Bg aMZm H$mo
gab ê$n ‘| ñnîQ> H$aZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m J¶m h¡, Ordempñ̶m| H$m ‘V h¡ {H$
 n¥îR> 52 d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU àJʶ

‘mZd-eara H$s aMZm H$mofm| go hmoVr h¡& àmaå^ ‘| J^m©dñWm ‘| ^«yU H$m {Z‘m©U 4. à˶mJ‘Z H$m {Z¶‘&
Ho$db EH$ H$mof go hmoVm h¡ {Ogo g§¶w³V H$mof H$hVo h¢& Bg g§¶w³V-H$mof H$s 5. A{O©V JwUm| H$o g§H«$‘U H$m {Z¶‘&
aMZm Xmo CËnmXH$ H$mofm| Ho$ {‘bZo go hmoVr h¡& BZ CËnmXH$ H$mofm| ‘| go EH$ 6. ‘¡ÊS>b H$m {Z¶‘&
H$mof {nVm H$m hmoVm h¡ {Ogo ewH«$ Am¡a Xÿgam ‘mVm H$m hmoVm h¡ {Ogo AÊS> H$hVo 1. ~rOH$mof H$r {ZaÝVaVm H$m {Z¶‘
h¢& g§¶w³V H$mof Am¡a CËnmXH$ H$mof 2, 4, 8, 16, 32........... Ho$ H«$‘ ‘| Bg {Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma ~mbH$ H$mo OÝ‘ XoZo dmbm ~rOH$mof H$^r ZîQ> Zht hmoVm&
g§»¶m ‘| ~‹T>Vo OmVo h¢& ewH«$ Am¡a AÊS> XmoZm| hr CËnmXH$-H$mofm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| Hw$N> Bg {Z¶‘ Ho$ à{VnmXH$ drO‘¡Z H$m H$WZ h¡-
JwU ¶m Xmofm| H$m hñVmÝVaU H$aVo h¢& ¶o JwU ¶m Xmof ^«yU ‘| àdoe H$a OmVo h¢ ~rOH$mof H$m H$m¶© Ho$db CËnmXH$ H$mofm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm h¡, Omo ~rOH$mof ~mbH$
Am¡a OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX d§emZwH«$‘ H$hbmVo h¢& H$mo AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm go {‘bVm h¡, Cgo dh AJbr nr‹T>r H$mo hñVmÝV[aV H$a XoVm h¡&
Bg àH$ma, ~rOH$mof nr‹T>r Xa nr‹T>r MbVm ahVm h¡&

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drO‘¡Z Ho$ ~rOH$mof H$s {ZaÝVaVm Ho$ {Z¶‘ H$mo ñdrH$ma Zht {H$¶m
OmVm h¡& BgH$s AmbmoMZm H$aVo hþE ~r. EZ. Pm Zo {bIm h¡-
Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ‘mVm-{nVm, ~mbH$ Ho$ OÝ‘XmVm Z hmoH$a Ho$db ~rOH$mof
Ho$ g§ajH$ h¢, {Ogo do AnZr gÝVmZ H$mo XoVo h¢& ~rOH$mof EH$ nr‹T>r go Xÿgar nr‹T>r H$mo
Bg àH$ma hñVmÝV[aV {H$¶m OmVm h¡, ‘mZmo EH$ ~¢H$ go {ZH$bH$a Xÿgao ~¢H$ ‘| aI
{X¶m J¶m hmo& drO‘¡Z H$m {gÕmÝV Z Vmo d§emZwH«$‘ H$s gånyU© à{H«$¶m H$s ì¶m»¶m
www.praganya.org H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Z gÝVmofOZH$ hr h¡&
¶h ‘V d§emZwH«$‘ H$s g§nyU© à{H«$¶m H$s ì¶m»¶m Z H$a nmZo Ho$ H$maU
A‘mݶ h¡&
2. g‘mZVm H$m {Z¶‘
Bg {Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma, O¡go ‘mVm-{nVm hmoVo h¢, d¡gr hr CZH$s gÝVmZ hmoVr h¡&
Bg {Z¶‘ Ho$ AW© H$m ñnîQ>rH$aU H$aVo hþE gmoaoZgZ Zo {bIm h¡-
~w{Õ‘mZ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMo ~w{Õ‘mZ, gmYmaU ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMo gmYmaU Am¡a
AZoH$ narjUm| Ho$ ~mX ¶h {ZpíMV hmo J¶m h¡ {H$ ewH«$ Am¡a AÊS> ‘| ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMo ‘ÝX ~w{Õ hmoVo h¢& Bgr àH$ma, emar{aH$ aMZm H$s ÑpîQ>
23-23 JwUgyÌ hmoVo h¢& Hw$N> {dÛmZm| H$s ‘mݶVm h¡ {H$ 23-23 JwUgyÌ Ho$ go ^r ~ÀMo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ g‘mZ hmoVo h¢&
www.praganya.org

ñWmZ na 24-23 JwUgyÌ hmoVo h¢& Bg àH$ma g§¶w³V H$mof ‘| JwUgyÌm| Ho$ 23 ¶h {Z¶‘ ^r AnyU© h¢, ³¶m§o{H$ àm¶… XoIm OmVm h¡ {H$ H$mbo ‘mVm-
Omo‹S>o hmoVo h¢& à˶oH$ JwUgyÌ ‘| Hw$N> Am¡a ^r gyú‘ nXmW© hmoVo h¢, Omo {nÌ¡H$ {nVm H$s gÝVmZ Jmoar, ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZ ~w{Õ‘mZ hmoVr h¡& Bg
H$hbmVo h¢& à˶oH$ JwUgyÌ ‘| {nÌ¡H$ H$s g§»¶m 40 go 100 VH$ hmoVr h¡& {Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma ‘mVm-{nVm H$s {deofVmE± ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘yb ê$n ‘| AmZr Mm{hE&
BZ {nÌ¡H$mo§ H$s aMZm EH$aoIr¶ AmH¥${VZw‘m hmoVr h¡& à˶oH$ {nÌ¡H$ EH$ JwU
3. {d{^ÝZVm H$m {Z¶‘
¶m {deofVm H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡& {nÌ¡H$ hr d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ {ZYm©aH$ hmoVo h¢,
Bg {Z¶‘ H$o AZwgma, ~mbH$ AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ {~ëHw$b g‘mZ Z hmoH$a
³¶m|{H$ EH$ {nÌ¡H$ AWdm {nÌ¡H$ g‘yh Ûmam d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ Hw$N> {deof JwU EH$
CZgo Hw$N> {^ÝZ hmoVm h¢& Bgr àH$ma, EH$ hr ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~mbH$ EH$-
nr‹T>r go Xÿgar nr‹T>r H$mo hñVm§[aV hmoVo h¢& {nÌ¡H$ Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVo hþE
Xÿgao Ho$ g‘mZ hmoVo hþE ^r ~w{Õ, a§J Am¡a ñd^md ‘| EH$-Xÿgao go {^ÝZ hmoVo
gmoaoÝgZ Zo {bIm h¡ {H$ {nÌ¡H$ Ûmam ~mbH$m| Ho$ à‘wI JwU {ZYm©[aV hmoVo h¢&
h¢& H$^r-H$^r CZ‘| n¶m©á emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ {d{^ÝZVm nmB© OmVr h¡&
{nÌ¡H$m| Ho$ gå‘obZ Ho$ n[aUm‘ H$mo d§emZwH«$‘ H$hm OmVm h¡&
BgH$m, H$maU ~VmVo hþE gmoaoÝgZ Zo {bIm h¡-
Bg {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ H$maU ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ CËnmXH$ H$mofm| H$s {deofVmE± h¢& CËnmXH$
4.4 d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$mofm| ‘| AZoH$ {nÌ¡H$ hmoVo h¢, Omo {d{^ÝZ àH$ma go g§¶w³V hmoH$a EH$-Xÿgao go {^ÝZ
~ÀMm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo h¢&
d§emZwH«$‘ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| VWm Ordd¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ {bE A˶ÝV amoMH$ VWm
ahñ¶‘¶ {df¶ h¡& d§emZwH«$‘ {OZ {Z¶‘m| VWm {gÕmÝVm| na AmYm[aV h¡, {^ÝZVm H$m {Z¶‘ à{Vnm{XV H$aZo dmbm| ‘| S>m{d©Z VWm bo‘mH©$ Zo
¶h {df¶ ^r Aܶ¶Z Ho$ Z¶o Am¶m‘ àñVwV H$aVm h¡& d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ ¶o {Z¶‘ AZoH$ à¶moJm| VWm {dMmam| Ûmam ¶h ‘V àH$Q> {H$¶m h¡ {H$ Cn¶moJ Z H$aZo dmbo
gdm©{YH$ àM{bV h¢- Ad¶d VWm {deofVmAm| H$m bmon AmJm‘r nr{‹T>¶m| ‘| hmo OmVm h¡& ZdmoËn[Îm VWm
1. ~rOH$mof H$s {ZaÝVaVm H$m {Z¶‘& àmH¥${VH$ M¶Z Ûmam d§emZwH«$‘r¶ {deofVmAm| H$m CÝZ¶Z hmoVm h¡&
2. g‘mZVm H$m {Z¶‘&
3. {d{^ÝZVm H$m {Z¶‘&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU n¥îR> 53
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
4. à˶mJ‘Z H$m {Z¶‘ ‘Q>am| Ho$ g‘mZ ‘¡ÊS>b Zo Myhm| na ^r à¶moJ {H$¶m& CgZo g’o$X Am¡a
Bg {Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma, ~mbH$ ‘| AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ {dnarV JwU nm¶o OmVo H$mbo Myhm| H$mo gmW-gmW aIm& BZgo Omo Myho CËnÝZ hþE, do H$mbo Wo& {’$a
h¢& Bg {Z¶‘ H$m AW© ñnîQ> H$aVo hþE gmoaoÝgZ Zo {bIm h¡- CgZo BZ dU©g§H$a H$mbo Myhm| H$mo EH$ gmW aIm& BZgo CËnÝZ hmoZo dmbo
~hþV à{V^membr ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMm| ‘| H$‘ à{V^m hmoZo H$s àd¥[Îm Amoa ~hþV Myho H$mbo Am¡a g’o$X XmoZm| a§Jm| Ho$ Wo& AnZo à¶mgm| Ho$ AmYma na ‘¡ÊS>b Zo
{ZåZH$mo{Q> Ho$ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMm| ‘| H$‘ {ZåZH$mo{Q> hmoZo H$s àd¥[Îm hr à˶mJ‘Z h¡& ¶h {gÕmÝV à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m {H$ dU©g§H$a àmUr ¶m dñVwE± AnZo ‘m¡{bH$ ¶m
àH¥${V H$m {Z¶‘ ¶h h¡ {H$ dh {d{eîQ> JwUmo§ Ho$ ~Om¶ gm‘mݶ JwUm| H$m A{YH$ gm‘mݶ ê$n H$s Amoa AJ«ga hmoVr h¡& ¶hr {gÕmÝV ‘¡ÊS>bdmX Ho$ Zm‘ go
{dVaU H$aHo$ EH$ Om{V Ho$ àm{U¶m| H$mo EH$ hr ñVa na aIZo H$m à¶mg H$aVr à{gÕ h¡& BgH$s ì¶m»¶m H$aVo hþE ~r. EZ. Pm Zo {bIm h¡-
h¡& Bg {Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma, ~mbH$ AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ {d{eîQ> JwUm| H$m ˶mJ O~ dU©g§H$a AnZo ñd¶§ Ho$ {nV¥ ¶m ‘mV¥-CËnmXH$ H$mofm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo h¢, V~
H$aHo$ gm‘mݶ JwUm| H$mo J«hU H$aVo h& ¶hr H$maU h¡ {H$ ‘hmZ² ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ do à‘wI JwUm| go ¶w³V ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ g‘mZ ewÕ àH$mam| H$mo OÝ‘ XoVo h¢&
nwÌ gmYmaUV… CZHo$ g‘mZ ‘hmZ² Zht hmoVo h¢, CXmhaUmW©- ~m~a, AH$~a
Am¡a ‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr Ho$ nwÌ CZgo ~hþV A{YH$ {ZåZ H$mo{Q> Ho$ Wo& BgHo$ Xmo ‘¡ÊS>b H$m ‘Q>am| na à¶moJ
‘w»¶ H$maU h¢-
1. ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ {nÌ¡¡H$m| ‘| go EH$ H$‘ Am¡a EH$ A{YH$ ep³Vembr
hmoVm h¡&
2. ‘mVm-{nVm ‘| CZHo$ nyd©Om| ‘| go {H$gr H$m {nÌ¡H$ A{YH$ ep³Vembr
hmoVm h¡&
5. A{O©V JwUm| Ho$ g§H«$‘U H$m {Z¶‘
Bg {Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma, ‘mVm-{nVm Ûmam AnZo OrdZ-H$mb ‘| A{O©V {H$¶o OmZo
‘¡ÊS>b H$m Myhm| na à¶moJ
dmbo JwU CZH$s gÝVmZ H$mo àmá Zht hmoVo h¢& Bg {Z¶‘ H$mo AñdrH$ma H$aVo
hþE {dH$mgdmXr bo‘mH©$ Zo {bIm h¡-
ì¶p³V¶m| Ûmam AnZo OrdZ ‘| Omo Hw$N> ^r A{O©V {H$¶m OmVm h¡, dh CZHo$ Ûmam
CËnÞ {H$¶o OmZo dmbo ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo g§H«${‘V {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
BgH$m CXmhaU XoVo hþE bo‘mH©$ Zo H$hm h¡ {H$ {Oam’$ new H$s JX©Z
nhbo ~hwV Hw$N> Kmo‹S>o Ho$ g‘mZ Wr, na Hw$N> {deof n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ H$maU
dh bå~r hmo JB© Am¡a H$mbmÝVa ‘| CgH$s bå~r JX©Z H$m JwU AJbr nr‹T>r ‘|
g§H«${‘V$ hmoZo bJm& bo‘mH©$ Ho$ Bg H$WZ H$s nwpîQ> ‘¡³Sy>Jb Am¡a ndbd Zo
Myhm| na Ed§ h¡argZ Zo nV§Jm| na narjU H$aHo$ H$s h¡&
AmO Ho$ ¶wJ ‘| {dH$mgdmX ¶m A{O©V JwUm| Ho$ g§H«$‘U H$m {gÕmÝV
ñdrH$ma Zht {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg gå~ÝY ‘| dwS>dW© Zo {bIm h¡- Jo«Ja Om°Z ‘¡ÊS>b Zo Omo à¶moJ {H$¶o, CZgo àmá {ZîH$fm|ª go d§emZwH«$‘
d§emZwH«$‘ H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ AnZo AmYw{ZH$ kmZ go gånÝZ hmoZo na ¶h ~mV àm¶… VWm dmVmdaU Ho$ à^mdm| Ho$ Aܶ¶Z ‘| A˶{YH$ gh¶moJ {‘bm& Mmho N>moQ>r-
Agå^d OmZ n‹S>Vr h¡ {H$ A{O©V JwUm| H$mo g§H«${‘V {H$¶m Om gHo$& ¶{X Amn H$moB© ~‹S>r ‘Q>a {‘bmH$a ~moZo H$m à¶moJ hmo AWdm H$mbo-g’o$X Myhm| H$mo EH$ gmW
^mfm ~mobZm grI b|, Vmo ³¶m Amn {nÌ¡¡H$m| Ûmam Bg kmZ H$mo AnZo ~ÀMo H$mo g§H«${‘V aIH$a CZgo gÝV{V ì¶mnma H$m à¶moJ hmo, Hw$N> {ZîH$f© Eogo {ZH$mbo {Oggo
H$a gH$Vo h¢? Bg àH$ma Ho$ {H$gr à‘mU H$s nwpîQ> Zht hþB© h¡& j¶ ¶m gyOmH$ Eogm
d§emZwH«$‘ H$s ewÕVm H$m nVm MbVm h¡& CgZo ¶h à˶mJ‘Z Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$m
amoJ, Omo ~hþYm n[admam| ‘| nm¶m OmVm h¡, g§H«${‘H$ Zht hmoVm h¡& ~mbH$ H$mo ¶h amoJ
n[adma Ho$ n¶m©daU ‘| Ny>V go hmoVm h¡& {Zê$nU {H$¶m& CgH$m ¶h {gÕmÝV Bg àH$ma h¡-A{YH$ OmJ«V ¶m à~b
JwU, gwá JwU H$mo {ZpîH«$¶ H$a XoVm h¡& gwámdñWm ‘| ahZo dmbo 춳V JwU O~
6. ‘¡ÊS>b H$m {Z¶‘ àH$Q> hmoH$a ‘w»¶ JwU H$m ê$n YmaU H$a boVo h¢ Vmo ¶h pñW{V à˶mJ‘Z H$m
Bg {Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma, dU©g§H$a àmUr ¶m dñVwE± AnZo ‘m¡{bH$ ¶m gm‘mݶ ê$n YmaU H$a boVr h¡& CXmhaUmW©- H$mbo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ¶hm± Jmoao ~mbH$
ê$n H$s Amoa AJ«ga hmoVr h¡& Bg {Z¶‘ H$mo OoH$moñbmodo{H$¶m Ho$ ‘¡ÊS>b Zm‘H$ H$m OÝ‘ boZm&
nmXar Zo à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m Wm& CgZo AnZo {JaOo Ho$ ~JrMo ‘| ~‹S>r Am¡a N>moQ>r
‘Q>a| ~am~a g§»¶m ‘| {‘bmH$a ~mo¶t& CJZo dmbr ‘Q>am| ‘| g~ dU©g§H$a Om{V
H$s Wt& ‘¡ÊS>b Zo Bg dU©g§H$a ‘Q>am| H$mo {’$a ~mo¶m Am¡a Bg àH$ma CgZo CJZo 4.5 ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ H$m à^md
dmbr ‘Q>am| H$mo H$B© ~ma ~mo¶m& AÝV ‘|, Cgo Eogr ‘Q>a| {‘br, Omo dU©g§H$a nmíMm˶ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ ‘hÎd Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| AZoH$ Aܶ¶Z
hmoZo Ho$ ~Om¶ ewÕ Wr& Am¡a narjÊm {H$E h¢& BZHo$ AmYma na CÝhm|Zo {gÕ H$a {X¶m h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ Ho$
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 54
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ à˶oH$ nhby na d§emZwH«$‘ H$m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& h‘ ¶hm± Hw$N> ‘w»¶
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ AZwgma Bg à^md H$m dU©Z H$a aho h¢ Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. ‘yb ep³V¶m| na à^md
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ H$s ‘yb ep³V¶m| H$m àYmZ H$maU CgH$m
d§emZwH«$‘ h¡&
2. emar[aH$ bjUm| na à^md
H$mb© nr¶agZ H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ AJa ‘mVm-{nVm H$s bå~mB© H$‘ ¶m A{YH$
hmoVr h¡, Vmo CZHo$ ~ÀMo H$s ^r bå~mB© H$‘ ¶m A{YH$ hmoVr h¡&
3. àOm{V H$s loîR>Vm na à^md
p³bZ~J© H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ ~w{Õ H$s loîR>Vm H$m H$maU àOm{V h¡& ¶hr H$maU h¡
{H$ A‘arH$m H$r ídoV àOm{V, ZrJ«mo àOm{V go loîR> h¡&
4. ì¶mdgm{¶H$ ¶mo½¶Vm na à^md
H¡$Q>b H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ ì¶mdgm{¶H$ ¶mo½¶Vm H$m ‘w»¶ H$maU d§emZwH«$‘ h¡& dh
Bg {ZîH$f© na A‘o[aH$m Ho$ 885 d¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ n[admam| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZo Ho$
’$bñdê$n nhþ±Mm& CgZo ~Vm¶m {H$ BZ n[admam| ‘| go 2/5 ì¶dgm¶r dJ© Ho$,
1/2 CËnmXH$ dJ© Ho$ Am¡a Ho$db 1/4 H¥${f dJ© Ho$ Wo&
5. gm‘m{OH$ pñW{V na à^md
{dZ{en H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ JwUdmZ Am¡a à{VpîR>V ‘mVm-{nVm H$r gÝVmZ à{VîR>m
àmá H$aVr h¡& dh Bg {ZîH$f© na [aMS>© ES>dS>© Ho$ n[adma H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZo Ho$
~mX nhþ±Mm& [aMS>© ñd¶§ JwUdmZ Am¡a à{VpîR>V ‘Zwî¶ Wm Ed§ CgZo E{bOm~oW
Zm‘H$ {Og ñÌr go {ddmh {H$¶m Wm, dh ^r Cgr Ho$ g‘mZ Wr& BZ XmoZm| Ho$
d§eOm| H$mo {dYmZg^m Ho$ gXñ¶m|, ‘hm{dÚmb¶m| Ho$ Aܶjm| Am{X Ho$ à{VpîR>V
nX àmá hþE Wo& CZH$m EH$ d§ímO A‘o[aH$m H$m CnamîQ´>n{V ^r ~Zm&
6. M[aÌ na à^md
S>JS>ob H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ M[aÌhrZ ‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZ M[aÌhrZ hmoVr h¡& CgZo
¶h ~mV gZ² 1877 B©. ‘| Á¶yH$g Ho$ d§eOm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aHo$ {gÕ {H$¶m&
1720 ‘| ݶy¶mH©$ ‘| OÝ‘ boZo dmbm Á¶yH$g EH$ M[aÌhrZ ‘Zwî¶ Wm Am¡a
CgH$s nËZr ^r CgH$o g‘mZ M[aÌhrZ Wr& BZ XmoZm| Ho$ d§eOm| Ho$ gå~ÝY
‘| ZZ Zo {bIm h¡-
nm±M nr[‹T>¶m| go bJ^J 1000 ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| go 300 ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ‘a JE, 310
Zo 2300 df© X[aÐJ¥hm| ‘| ì¶VrV {H$E, 440 amoJ Ho$ H$maU ‘a JE, 130 ({OZ‘|
7 h˶m H$aZo dmbo Wo) XÊS> àmá AnamYr Wo Am¡a Ho$db 20 Zo H$moB© ì¶dgm¶ H$aZm
grIm&
7. ‘hmZVm na à^md
JmëQ>Z H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V H$s ‘hmZVm H$m H$maU CgH$m d§emZwH«$‘ h¡& ¶h
d§emZwH«$‘ H$m hr n[aUm‘ h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ bjUm| ‘|
{d{^ÞVm nmB© OmVr h¡& ì¶p³V H$m H$X, dU©, ñdmñ϶, ~w{Õ, ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V
Am{X CgHo$ d§emZwH«$‘ na AmYm[aV hmoVo h¢& JmëQ>Z Zo {bIm h¡-
‘hmZ² ݶm¶mYrem|, amOZr{Vkm|, g¡{ZH$ nXm{YH$m[a¶m|, gm{h˶H$mam|, d¡km{ZH$m|
Am¡a {Ibm{‹S>¶m| Ho$ OrdZ-M[aÌm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZo go kmV hmoVm h¡ {H$ BZHo$ n[admam|
‘| BÝht joÌm| ‘| àe§gm àmá Aݶ ì¶p³V ^r hþE h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU àJʶ
8. d¥{Õ na à^md
JmoS>mS>© H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZ ‘ÝX ~w{Õ Am¡a Vrd«
~w{Õ ‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZ Vrd« ~w{Õ dmbr hmoVr h¡& CgZo ¶h ~mV H$mbrH$m°H$
Zm‘H$ EH$ g¡{ZH$ Ho$ d§eOm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aHo$ {gÕ H$s& H$mbrH$m°H$ Zo nhbo
EH$ ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ñÌr go Am¡a Hw$N> g‘¶ Ho$ ~mX EH$ Vrd« ~w{Õ H$s ñÌr go {ddmh
{H$¶m& nhbr ñÌr Ho$ 480 d§eOm| ‘| go 143 ‘ÝX ~w{Õ, 46 gm‘mݶ, 36
Ad¡Y gÝVmZ, 32 doí¶mE±, 24 eam~r, 8 doí¶mb¶ ñdm‘r, 3 ‘¥Jr amoJ dmbo
Am¡a 3 AnamYr Wo& Xÿgar ñÌr Ho$ 496 d§eOm| ‘| go Ho$db 3 ‘ÝX ~w{Õ Am¡a
M[aÌhrZ Wo& eof Zo ì¶dgm{¶¶m|, S>m³Q>am|, {ejH$m|, dH$sbm| B˶m{X Ho$ ê$n ‘|
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g‘mO ‘| gå‘m{ZV ñWmZ àmá {H$E&
d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ g‘pÝdV à^md na àH$me S>mbVo hþE, H$mobog{ZH$ Zo
{bIm h¡-
{Og gr‘m VH$ ì¶p³V H$s emar[aH$ aMZm H$mo CgHo$ {nÌ¡¡H$ {ZpíMV H$aVo h¢,
Cg gr‘m VH$ CgHo$ ‘pñVîH$ Ed§ ñZm¶w g§ñWmZ H$s aMZm, CgHo$ Aݶ bjU,
CgH$s Iob-Hy$X gå~ÝYr Hw$ebVm Am¡a CgH$s J{UV gå~ÝYr ¶mo½¶Vm- ¶o g^r
~mVo§ CgHo$ d§emZwH«$‘ na {Z^©a hmoVr h¢, na do ~mV| CgHo$ dmVmdaU na H$hr§ A{YH$
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{Z^©a hmoVr h¡&
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ à¶moJm| Zo ¶h {gÕ H$a {X¶m h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V Ho$ emar[aH$
VWm ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg na d§emZwH«$‘ H$m H$m’$s à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& ¶h à^md
{nÌ¡H$ Ho$ H$maU ì¶p³V Ho$ emar[aH$ bjUm| na àH$Q> hmoVm h¡& AmÝV[aH$ àoaH$
VÎd CgHo$ ñd^md H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aVo h¢& S>JS>ob Ho$ Aܶ¶Z Zo {gÕ H$a {X¶m
h¡ {H$ M[aÌhrZ ‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZ M[aÌhrZ hmoVr h¡& ñdñW ~m¡{ÕH$ VWm
‘mZ{gH$ pñW{V ^r d§emZwH«$‘ H$s XoZ h¡&
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4.6 dmVmdaU H$m AW© Ed§ n[a^mfm
~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| dmVmdaU Ho$ ‘hÎdnyU© ¶moJXmZ H$s Cnojm
Zht H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ Aܶ¶Z go EH$ V϶ ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$
~mbH$ d§emZwH«$‘ go AZoH$ ep³V¶m± Ed§ j‘VmE± J«hU H$a OÝ‘ boVm h¡, {H$ÝVw
BZ ep³V¶m| H$m {dH$mg dmVmdaU na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡& ¶{X ~mbH$ H$mo AÀN>m
dmVmdaU {‘b Om¶o Omo dh AnZr ep³V¶m| H$m {dH$mg H$aHo$ à{VpîR>V OrdZ
ì¶VrV H$a gH$Vm h¡& dmVmdaU H$mo hr nmofH$ AWdm n¶m©daU H$hVo h¢&
dmVmdaU Ho$ {bE n¶m©daU eãX H$m ^r à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& n¶m©daU
Xmo eãXm| go {‘bH$a ~Zm h¡- n[a+AmdaU& n[a H$m AW© h¡- Mmam| Amoa Ed§
AmdaU H$m AW© h¡- T>H$Zo dmbm& Bg àH$ma n¶m©daU ¶m dmVmdaU dh h¡,
Omo Mmam| Amoa go T>Ho$ ¶m Koao hþE h¡& AV… h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ ì¶p³V Ho$ Mmam|
Amoa Omo Hw$N> h¡, dh CgH$m dmVmdaU h¡& Bg‘| do g~ VÎd gpå‘{bV {H$E Om
gH$Vo h¢, Omo ì¶{³V Ho$ OrdZ Am¡a ì¶dhma H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&
dmVmdaU H$mo ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE Hw$N> {dÛmZm| Zo BgH$mo n[a^m{fV
{H$¶m h¡ {OZH$m CëboI ¶hm± H$aZm C{MV hmoJm-
1. {Oñ~Q>© Ho$ AZwgma-
dmVmdaU dh ha dñVw h¡ Omo {H$gr Aݶ dñVw H$mo Koao hþE h¡ Am¡a Cg na grYo
AnZm à^md S>mbVr h¡&
 àJʶ d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
2. EZr EZmñQ>mgr Ho$ AZwgma-
dmVmdaU ‘| do g^r dñVwE± gpå‘{bV h¢, Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ {nÌ¡H$ Ho$ A{V[a³V CgHo$
g^r njm| H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¢&
3. ‘¡H$mBda Ed§ noO Ho$ AZwgma-
ñd¶§ àmUr, CgHo$ OrdZ H$m T>m±Mm, ~rVo hþE OrdZ Ed§ AVrV n¶m©daU H$m ’$b h¡&
n¶m©daU, OrdZ Ho$ àmaå^ go ¶hm± VH$ {H$ CËnmXH$ H$mofm| ‘| ^r {Z{hV h¡&
4. ~mo[a¨J, b¢J’$sëS> Ed§ doëS Ho$ AZwgma-
EH$ ì¶p³V Ho$ dmVmdaU Ho$ AÝVJ©V CZ g^r CÎmoOZmAm| H$m ¶moJ Am OmVm h¡,
{OZH$mo dh OÝ‘ go ‘¥Ë¶w VH$ J«hU H$aVm h¡&
5. Oo. Eg. am°g Ho$ AZwgma-
dmVmdaU EH$ ~mø ep³V h¡, Omo h‘| à^m{dV H$aVr h¡&
6. dwS>dW© Ho$ AZwgma-
dmVmdaU ‘| do g‘ñV VÎd gpå‘{bV h¢, {OÝhm|Zo ì¶p³V H$mo OrdZ àmaå^ H$aZo
Ho$ g‘¶ à^m{dV {H$¶m h¡&
7. S>Jbg d hm°b¡ÊS> Ho$ AZwgma-
dmVmdaU eãX H$m à¶moJ CZ g‘ñV ~mø ep³V¶m|, à^mdm| Am¡a XemAm| Ho$ ¶moJ Ho$
dU©Z Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Omo Or{dV àm{U¶m| Ho$ OrdZ, ñd^md, ì¶dhma, {dH$mg
Am¡a n[an³dVm H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&
Cn¶w©³V n[a^mfmAm| go ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ dmVmdaU {H$gr EH$ VÎd ¶m
ep³V H$m à{V’$b Zht hmoVm h¡& BgH$s aMZm ‘| AZoH$ VÎd ¶m ep³V¶m| H$m
gm‘y{hH$ ê$n ‘| hmW hmoVm h¡ Omo ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo J^©H$mb go hr à^m{dV
H$aVo h¢&
4.7 dmVmdaU Ho$ àH$ma
dmVmdaU H$s aMZm H$aZo dmbo VÎdm| Ho$ AmYma na dmVmdaU Ho$ Xmo ‘w»¶
àH$ma h¢-
1. ^m¡Jmo{bH$ dmVmdaU
^m¡Jmo{bH$ dmVmdaU ‘| àH¥${V Ho$ g^r VÎd O¡go pñW{V, ñWbmH¥${V, Obdm¶w,
{‘Q²>Q>r, I{ZO, dZñn{V Ed§ Ord-OÝVw Am{X gpå‘{bV {H$E OmVo h¢&
^m¡Jmo{bH$ dmVmdaU ‘mZd Ho$ {H«$¶mH$bmnm| H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡&
2. gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU
gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU ‘mZd g‘wXm¶m| H$s CnbpãY H$m à{V’$b hmoVm h¡& BgHo$
AÝVJ©V ar{V-[admO, naånam, ^mfm, {eîQ>mMma Am{X AmVo h¢& gm‘m{OH$
dmVmdaU Ho$ Xmo ê$n {XE Om gH$Vo h¢-
1. gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU
2. ‘mZ{gH$ dmVmdaU
gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU {eîQ>mMma H$m à{ejU XoVm h¡, O~{H$ ‘mZ{gH$
dmVmdaU ~mbH$ H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ¶moJXmZ H$aVm h¡& Bg
àH$ma ¶o g^r àH$ma Ho$ dmVmdaU ì¶p³V Ho$ OrdZ Ho$ {d{^ÝZ njm|, O¡go-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 55
emar[aH$, gm‘m{OH$, ‘mZ{gH$ Ed§ Am{W©H$ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&
4.8 ~mbH$ na dmVmdaU H$m à^md
nmíMm˶ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo dmVmdaU Ho$ ‘hÎd Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| AZHo$ Aܶ¶Z
Am¡a narjU {H$E h¢& BZHo$ AmYma na CÝhm|Zo {gÕ {H$¶m h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ Ho$
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ à˶oH$ nhby na ^m¡Jmo{bH$, gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU
H$m ì¶mnH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& ^maVr¶ ‘Zmd¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ EH$ Aܶ¶Z Ho$ AZwgma
1971 H$s AmB©.E.Eg. H$s narjm CÎmrU© hmoZo dmbo N>mÌm| ‘| go AmYo go A{YH$
Ho$ A{^^mdH$m| H$s ‘m{gH$ Am¶ <10 hOma ¶m Bggo A{YH$ Wr Am¡a 44
à{VeV Zo npãbH$ ñHy$bm| ‘| {ejm àmá H$s Wr& h‘ ¶hm± Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m|
Ho$ AZwgma Bg à^md H$m dU©Z ZrMo H$a aho h¢-
1. emar[aH$ AÝVa na à^md
’«§o$O ~moÝg H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ {d{^ÝZ àOm{V¶m| Ho$ emar[aH$ AÝVa H$m H$maU
d§emZwH«$‘ Z hmoH$a dmVmdaU h¡& CgZo AZoH$ CXmhaU XoH$a {gÕ {H$¶m {H$
Omo OmnmZr Am¡a ¶hÿXr, A‘o[aH$m ‘| AZoH$ nr{‹T>¶m| go {Zdmg H$a aho h¢, CZH$s
bå~mB© ^m¡Jmo{bH$ dmVmdaU Ho$ H$maU ~‹T> J¶r h¡&
2. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg na à^md
JmoS>©Z H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ C{MV gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU Z {‘bZo na
‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s J{V Yr‘r hmo OmVr h¡& CgZo ¶h ~mV Z{X¶m| Ho$ {H$Zmao
ahZo dmbo ~ÀMm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aHo$ {gÕ H$s& BZ ~ÀMm| H$m dmVmdaU JÝXm
Am¡a g‘mO Ho$ AÀN>o à^mdm| go Xÿa Wm&
3. ~w{Õ na à^md
H|$S>mob Ûmam {H$¶m J¶m Aܶ¶Z ñnîQ> H$aVm h¡ {H$ ~w{Õ H$m {dH$mg d§emZwH«$‘
H$s Anojm dmVmdaU na {Z^©a hmoVm h¡& CgZo ’«$m§g Ho$ 552 {dÛmZm| H$m
Aܶ¶Z H$aHo$ nVm bJm¶m {H$ CZ‘| go A{YH$m§e YZr dJ© go gå~pÝYV Wo&
AVEd CZH$mo {ejm J«hU H$aZo H$s Cn¶w³V gw{dYmE± CnbãY hþBª& ñQ>r’¢$g
Zo ^r ~w{Õ-bpãY Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| AnZm {dMma àH$Q> {H$¶m {H$ ¶{X ~mbH$m| H$mo
AÀN>o dmVmdaU ‘| nmbm Om¶o, Vmo CgH$s ~w{Õ-bpãY ‘| d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡&
4. ì¶p³VËd na à^md
CÎm‘ dmVmdaU ‘| nbZo na ~mbH$ ì¶p³VËd H$m {dH$mg ~hþ‘wIr hmoVm h¡&
¶{X {ZY©Z ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~mbH$ H$mo CÎm‘ dmVmdaU ‘| nmbm Om¶o, Vmo dh
AÀN>o ì¶p³VËd H$m {Z‘m©U H$a gH$Vm h¡& Bg gå~ÝY ‘| Hy$bo H$m Aܶ¶Z
‘hÎdnyU© h¡& CgZo 71 gm{h˶H$mam| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aHo$ nVm bJm¶m {H$ CZ‘|
go Xmo gm{h˶H$ma {ZY©Z n[admam| Ho$ Wo, {H$ÝVw CÎm‘ dmVmdaU Ho$ H$maU do
XmoZm| ‘hmZ² gm{h˶H$ma ~Z gHo$&
5. àOm{V H$s loîR>Vm na à^md
³bmH©$ H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ Hw$N> àOm{V¶m| H$s ~m¡{ÕH$ loîR>Vm H$m H$maU d§emZwH$« ‘ Z
hmoH$a dmVmdaU h¡& CgZo ¶h ~mV A‘arH$m Ho$ Hw$N> Jmoao Am¡a ZrJ«mo bmoJm| H$s ~w{Õ
narjm boH$a {gÕ H$s& CgHo$ g‘mZ AZoH$ Aݶ {dÛmZm| H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ ZrJ«mo
àOm{V H$s ~w{Õ H$m ñVa Bg{bE {ZåZ h¡, ³¶m|{H$ CZH$mo A‘o[aH$m H$s ídoV àOm{V
 n¥îR> 56 d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU
Ho$ g‘mZ e¡{jH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU CnbãY Zht hmoVm h¡&
6. AZmW ~ÀMm| na à^md
g‘mO H$ë¶mU Ho$ÝÐm| ‘| AZmW Am¡a namdbå~r ~ÀMo AmVo h¡& do gmYmaUV…
{ZåZ n[admam| Ho$ hmoVo h¢, na Ho$ÝÐm| ‘| CZH$m AÀN>r {d{Y go nmbZ-nmofU
{H$¶m OmVm h¡, CZH$mo AÀN>o dmVmdaU ‘| aIm OmVm h¡ Am¡a CZHo$ gmW AÀN>m
ì¶dhma {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ dmVmdaU ‘| nmbo OmZo dmbo ~ÀMm| Ho$
gå~ÝY ‘| dwS>dW© Zo H$hm h¡ {H$-
do g‘J« ê$n ‘| AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm go AÀN>o hr {gÕ hmoVo h¢&
7. Ow‹S>dm± ~ÀMm| na à^md
Ow‹S>dm± ~ÀMm| Ho$ emar[aH$ bjUm|, ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m| Am¡a e¡{jH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| ‘|
A˶{YH$ g‘mZVm hmoVr h¡& ݶy‘¡Z, ’«$s‘¡Z Am¡a hmobqOJa Zo 20 Omo‹S>o Ow‹S>dm±
~ÀMm| H$mo AbJ-AbJ dmVmdaU ‘| aIH$a CZH$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m& CÝhm|Zo EH$
Omo‹S>o Ho$ EH$ ~ÀMo H$mo Jm±d Ho$ ’$m‘© na Am¡a Xÿgao H$mo ZJa ‘| aIm& ~‹S>o hmoZo
na XmoZm| ~ÀMm| ‘| n¶m©á AÝVa nm¶m J¶m& ’$m‘© H$m ~ÀMm A{eîQ> {MÝVmJ«ñV
Am¡a H$‘ ~w{Õ‘mZ Wm& CgHo$ {dnarV, ZJa H$m ~ÀMm {eîQ>, {MÝVm‘w³V Am¡a
A{YH$ ~w{Õ‘mZ Wm& ñQ>r’o$Ýg H$m {dMma h¡ {H$-
Bg àH$ma Ho$ Aܶ¶Zm| go h‘ ¶h {ZU©¶ H$a gH$Vo h¢ {H$ n¶m©daU H$m ~w{Õ na
gmYmaU à^md hmoVm h¡ Am¡a CnbpãY na A{YH$ {deof à^md hmoVm h¡&
8. ~mbH$ na ~hþ‘wIr à^md
dmVmdaU, ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, gm‘m{OH$, g§doJmË‘H$ B˶m{X g^r
A§Jm| na à^md S>mbVm h¡& BgH$s nwpîQ> Edoam°Z Ho$ O§Jbr ~mbH$ Ho$ CXmhaU
go H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& Bg ~mbH$ H$mo OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX hr ^o{‹S>¶m CR>m bo J¶m Wm
Am¡a CgH$m nmbZ-nmofU O§Jbr newAm| Ho$ ~rM ‘| hþAm Wm& Hw$N> {eH$m[a¶m|
Zo Cgo gZ² 1799 B©. ‘| nH$‹S> {b¶m& Cg g‘¶ CgH$s Am¶w 11 ¶m 12 df©
H$s Wr& CgH$s AmH¥${V newAm| H$s gr Wr Am¡a dh CZHo$ g‘mZ hmWm|-n¡am| go
MbVm Wm& dh H$ÀMm ‘m§g ImVm Wm& Cg‘| ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ g‘mZ ~mobZo Am¡a {dMma
H$aZo H$s ep³V Zht Wr& CgH$mo ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ g‘mZ gä¶ Am¡a {e{jV ~ZmZo Ho$
g~ à¶mg {d’$b hþE&
dmVmdaU Ho$ g§M¶r à^md H$m CëboI H$aVo hþE ñQ>r’o$Ýg Zo {bIm h¡-
EH$ ~ÀMm {OVZo A{YH$ g‘¶ CÎm‘ dmVmdaU ‘| ahVm h¡, dh CVZm hr A{YH$
Bg n¶m©daU H$s Amoa àd¥Îm hmoVm h¡& AJa EH$ ~ÀMm MVwa ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ gmW A{YH$
g‘¶ VH$ ahVm h¡, Vmo dh CVZm hr A{YH$ MVwa hmoVm h¡& Bgr àH$ma, {OVZo A{YH$
g‘¶ dh hm{ZH$maH$ n¶m©daU ‘| ahVm h¡, àm¶… CVZm hr dh amîQ´>r¶ ‘mZ go {Ja OmVm
h¡& nhbr ÑpîQ> ‘| Bg‘| n¶m©daU Ho$ à^md H$m {ZñgÝXoh à‘mU àmá hmoVm h¡, naÝVw
h‘| Bg ~mV H$mo ^r ñ‘aU aIZm Mm{hE {H$ {nVm Ho$ gmW ~ÀMo H$s g‘mZVm, bå~mB©
‘| Am¡a Xm‹T>r Ho$ a§J ‘| ^r Am¶w Ho$ gmW ~‹T>Vr Om¶oJr, AWm©V² C³V g‘mZVm H$s d¥{Õ
H$m Hw$N> A§e AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$r n[an³dVm Ho$ H$maU hmo gH$Vm h¡&
4.9 d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU H$m gå~ÝY
d§emZwH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU, EH$-Xÿgao go n¥WH²$ Zht h¢& ¶o XmoZm| EH$-Xÿgao
Ho$ nyaH$ h¢& ~rO VWm IoV O¡gm BZH$m gå~ÝY h¡& EH$ Ho$ {~Zm Xÿgao H$s
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
gmW©H$Vm Zht h¡& ñdñW ~rO V^r ñdñW nm¡Yo H$m ê$n YmaU H$a gH$Vm
h¡ O~{H$ dmVmdaU ñdñW Ed§ g§Vw{bV hmo& AÀN>r ImX, g‘¶ na nmZr,
YaVr H$s V¡¶mar, {ZamB©-Jw‹S>mB© Am{X dmVmdaU H$s g¥pîQ> H$aVr h¡& b¡pÊS>g Zo
Bg{b¶o H$hm h¡-
d§emZwH«$‘ h‘| {dH${gV hmoZo H$s j‘VmE± àXmZ H$aVm h¡& BZ j‘VmAm| Ho$ {dH${gV
hmoZo Ho$ Adga h‘| dmVmdaU go {‘bVo h¢, d§emZwH«$‘ h‘| H$m¶©erb ny±Or XoVm h¡ Am¡a
n[a{ñW{V h‘| BgH$mo {Zdoe H$aZo Ho$ Adga àXmZ H$aVr h¡&
‘¡H$AmBda Ed§ noO Zo d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU, XmoZm| Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo
ñdrH$ma {H$¶m h¡& BÝhm|Zo {bIm h¡-
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OrdZ H$s à˶oH$ KQ>Zm XmoZm| H$m n[aUm‘ hmoVr h¡& {H$gr ^r {ZpíMV n[aUm‘ Ho$
{b¶o EH$ CVZr hr Amdí¶H$ h¡ {OVZr {H$ Xÿgar& H$moB© ^r Z Vmo hQ>mB© Om gH$Vr h¡
Am¡a Z hr H$^r n¥WH²$ H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
dwS>dW© VWm ‘maop³dg Zo H$hm h¡-
ì¶p³V, d§emZwH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU H$m ¶moJ Zht, JwUZ’$b h¡&
{dH$mg H$s {H$gr AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ¶m ì¶p³V H$s emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$
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Am¡a g§doJmË‘H$ {deofVmAm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo Ho$ {bE gmYmaUV… d§emZwH«$‘
Am¡a dmVmdaU eãXm| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ~mbH$ Ho$ {Z‘m©Êm ‘| d§emZwH«$‘
Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m {H$g gr‘m VH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡-¶h {df¶ gX¡d {ddmXmñnX
Wm Am¡a A~ ^r h¡& àmMrZ g‘¶ ‘| ¶h {dídmg {H$¶m OmVm Wm {H$ d§emZwH«$‘
Am¡a dmVmdaU EH$-Xÿgao go n¥WH²$ Wo Am¡a ~mbH$ ¶m ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Am¡a
H$m¶©j‘Vm H$mo {d{^ÝZ àH$ma go à^m{dV H$aVo Wo& AmYw{ZH$ g‘¶ ‘| Bg
YmaUm ‘o| n¶m©á n[adV©Z hmo J¶m h¢& A~ h‘mao Bg {dídmg ‘| {ZaÝVa d¥{Õ
hmoVr Mbr Om ahr h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V-~mbH$, {H$emoa ¶m àm¡‹T> Ho$ ê$n ‘| Omo Hw$N>
gmoMVm, H$aVm ¶m AZw^d H$aVm h¡, dh d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ H$maH$m| Am¡a dmVmdaU
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Ho$ à^mdm| Ho$ nmañn[aH$ gå~ÝYm| H$m n[aUm‘ hmoVm h¡&
h‘mao {dídmg ‘| {ZaÝVa d¥{Õ Ho$ H$maU h¢-d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU
gå~ÝYr narjU& BZ narjUm| Zo {gÕ H$a {X¶m h¡ {H$ g‘mZ d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a
g‘mZ dmVmdaU hmoZo na ^r ~ÀMm| ‘| {d{^ÝZVm hmoVr h¡& AV… ~mbH$ Ho$
{dH$mg na Z Ho$db d§emZwH«$‘ H$m daZ² dmVmdaU H$m ^r à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&
BgH$s nwpîQ> H$aVo hþE H«$mo d H«$mo Zo {bIm h¡-
ì¶p³V H$m {Z‘m©U Z Ho$db d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a Z Ho$db dmVmdaU go hmoVm h¡& dmñVd
‘| dh O¡{dH$Xm¶ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ {damgV Ho$ EH$sH$aU H$s CnO h¡&
4.10 dmVmdaU Ed§ d§emZwH«$‘ H$m gmnoj ‘hÎd
d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU Ho$ gmnoj ‘hÎd Ho$ ~mao ‘| {dÛmZm| ‘| ‘V^oX h¢& Hw$N>
{dÛmZm| H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ Hw$N> JwU d§emZwJV hmoVo h¢, {OZ na dmVmdaU H$m H$moB©
à^md Zht n‹S>Vm h¡& Eogo {dÛmZ d§emZwH«$‘ H$mo dmVmdaU go gdm}n[a ‘mZVo
h¢& BgHo$ {dnarV ì¶dhmadmXr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ O¡go JmëQ>Z, dmQ>gZ Am{X Ho$
AZwgma dmVmdaU A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡& CZH$m {dídmg h¡ {H$ d§emZwH«$‘
H$m ‘mZd H$s ¶mo½¶VmE±, j‘VmE± VWm emar[aH$ {deofVmE± {ZYm©[aV H$aZo ‘|
H$moB© ¶moJXmZ Zhr§ hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma XmoZm| àH$ma Ho$ {dMma àH$Q> H$aZo dmbo
 àJʶ d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
{dÛmZm| H$mo AmO Ho$ ¶wJ ‘| H$Q²>Q>anÝWr ‘mZm OmVm h¡&
A~ A{YH$m§e {ejmemñÌr ¶h AZw^d H$aVo h¢ {H$ d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a
dmVmdaU XmoZm| hr ‘hmZ² ep³V¶m± h¡& ¶o XmoZm| hr {ejH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo
à^m{dV H$aVr h¢& XmoZmo§ hr Jm‹S>r Ho$ Xmo n{h¶m| Ho$ g‘mZ h¢& ‘¡H$mBda Ed§ noO
Zo d§emZwH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU Ho$ gmnoj ‘hÎd H$mo ñdrH¥$V H$aVo hþE AnZo {dMma
Bg àH$ma ñnîQ> {H$E,
OrdZ H$s à˶oH$ KQ>Zm XmoZm| H$m n[aUm‘ hmoVr h¡& n[aUm‘ Ho$ {bE XmoZm| hr g‘mZ
ê$n go Amdí¶H$ h¢& BZ‘| go {H$gr H$mo Z Vmo KQ>m¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Z hr AbJ
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
4.10.1 ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE ‘hÎd
~mbH$ H$s {ejm Am¡a {dH$mg ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU Ho$ gmno{jH$ ‘hÎd
H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV àH$ma go 춳V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. d§emZwH«$‘ d dmVmdaU H$s An¥WH$Vm
{ejm H$s {H$gr ^r ¶moOZm ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$mo EH$-Xÿgao go n¥WH²$
Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& {Og àH$ma AmË‘m Am¡a eara H$m gå~ÝY h¡, Cgr
àH$ma d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m ^r gå~ÝY h¡& AV… ~mbH$ Ho$ gå¶H²$
{dH$mg Ho$ {bE d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m g§¶moJ A{Zdm¶© h¡& ‘¡H$mBda Ed§
noO Zo {bIm h¡-
OrdZ H$s à˶oH$ KQ>Zm XmoZm| H$m n[aUm‘ hmoVr h¡& BZ‘| go EH$, n[aUm‘ Ho$ {bE
CVZm hr Amdí¶H$ h¡, {OVZm H$s Xÿgam& H$moB© Z Vmo H$^r hQ>m¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a
Z H$^r n¥WH²$ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
2. d§emZwH«$‘ d dmVmdaU H$m g‘mZ ‘hÎd
h‘| gmYmaUV¶m ¶h àíZ gwZZo H$mo {‘bVm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ H$s {ejm Am¡a {dH$mg
‘| d§emZwH«$‘ A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡ ¶m dmVmdaU? Bg àíZ H$m H$moB© CÎma Zht
{X¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& ¶h àíZ nyN>Zm ¶h nyN>Zo Ho$ g‘mZ h¡ {H$ ‘moQ>aH$ma Ho$
{bE B§OZ A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡ ¶m noQ´>mob& {Og àH$ma ‘moQ>aH$ma Ho$ {bE B§OZ
Am¡a noQ´>mob H$m g‘mZ ‘hÎd h¡ Cgr àH$ma ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a
dmVmdaU H$m g‘mZ ‘hÎd h¡& dwS>dW© Zo R>rH$ {bIm h¡-
¶h nyN>Zo H$m H$moB© ‘Vb~ Zht {ZH$bVm h¡ {H$ ì¶{³V Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE d§emZwH«$‘
Am¡a dmVmdaU ‘| go H$m¡Z A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡& XmoZm| ‘| go à˶oH$ nyU© ê$n go A{Zdm¶©
h¡&
3. d§emZwH«$‘ d dmVmdaU H$s nmañn[aH$ {Z^©aVm
d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU ‘o§ nmañn[aH$ {Z^©aVm h¡& ¶o EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ nyaH$,
ghm¶H$ Am¡a gh¶moJr h¢& ~mbH$ H$mo Omo ‘ybàd¥[Îm¶m± d§emZwH«$‘ go àmá hmoVr
h¢, CZH$m {dH$mg dmVmdaU ‘| hmoVm h¡, CXmhaUmW©, ¶{X ~mbH$ ‘| ~m¡{ÕH$
ep³V Zht h¡, Vmo CÎm‘ go CÎm‘ dmVmdaU ^r CgH$m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Zht
H$a gH$Vm h¡& Bgr àH$ma ~m¡{ÕH$ ep³V dmbm ~mbH$ à{VHy$b dmVmdaU ‘|
AnZm ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Zht H$a gH$Vm h¡& dñVwV… ~mbH$ Ho$ gånyU© ì¶dhma
H$s g¥pîQ>-d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m Ûmam hmoVr h¡& ‘mog© Ed§
qdJmo H$m ‘V h¡-
‘mZd ì¶dhma H$s à˶oH$ {deofVm d§emZwH$« ‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m ’$b h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 57
4. d§emZwH«$‘ d dmVmdaU Ho$ à^mdm| ‘| AÝVa H$aZm Agå^d
¶h ~VmZm Agå^d h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ H$s {ejm Am¡a {dH$mg ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a
dmVmdaU H$m {H$VZm à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& d§emZwH«$‘ ‘| do g^r ~mV| Am OmVr h¢
Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ Zht daZ² J^m©YmZ Ho$ g‘¶ CnpñWV Wr& Bgr
àH$ma dmVmdaU ‘| do g~ ~mø VÎd Am OmVo h¢ Omo ì¶{³V H$mo OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶
go à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& AV… O¡gm {H$ dwS>dW© Zo {bIm h¡-
ì¶p³V Ho$ OrdZ Am¡a {dH$mg na à^md S>mbZo dmbr à˶oH$ ~mV d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a
dmVmdaU Ho$ joÌ ‘| Am OmVr h¡& na ¶o ~mVo§ BVZr noMrXm T>§J go g§¶w³V ahVr h¡
{H$ ~hþYm d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU Ho$ à^mdm| ‘| AÝVa H$aZm Agå^d hmo OmVm h¡&
5. ~mbH$, d§emZwH«$‘ d dmVmdaU H$s CnO
~mbH$ H$m {dH$mg Bg{bE Zht hmoVm h¡ {H$ Cgo Hw$N> ~mV| d§emZwH«$‘ go Am¡a
Hw$N> dmVmdaU go àmá hmoVr h¡& Bgr àH$ma, ¶h ^r Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡
{H$ dh AnZo d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU ‘o| go {H$gH$s A{YH$ CnO h¡& g˶
¶h h¡ {H$ dh d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m ¶moJ’$b Z hmoH$a JwUZ’$b h¡&
dwS>dW© H$m H$WZ h¡-
d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m gå~ÝY Omo‹S> Ho$ g‘mZ Z hmoH$a JwUm Ho$ g‘mZ A{YH$
h¡& AV… ì¶{³V BZ XmoZm| VÎdm| H$m JwUZ’$b h¡, ¶moJ’$b Zht&
gmam§e ‘|, h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE d§emZwH«$‘
Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m g‘mZ ‘hÎd h¡& CgHo$ {Z‘m©U ‘| XmoZm| H$m g‘mZ ¶moJ h¡&
BZ‘| go EH$ H$s ^r AZwnpñW{V ‘| CgH$m gå¶H²$ {dH$mg Agå^d h¡& J¡aoQ>
H$m H$WZ h¡-
Bggo A{YH$ {ZpíMV ~mV Am¡a H$moB© Zht h¡ {H$ d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU EH$-Xÿgao
H$mo gh¶moJ XoZo dmbo à^md h¢ Am¡a XmoZm| hr ~mbH$ H$s g’$bVm Ho$ {bE A{Zdm¶© h¡&
4.10.2 {ejH$m| Ho$ {bE ‘hÎd
{ejH$ Ho$ {bE d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaÊm H$m ³¶m ‘hÎd h¡ Am¡a dh CZHo$ kmZ
‘| AnZm Am¡a AnZo N>mÌm| H$m {H$g àH$ma H$ë¶mU H$a gH$Vm h¡, Bg na h‘
AbJ-AbJ erf©H$m| Ho$ AÝVJ©V {dMma H$a aho h¢ ¶o {dMma {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. d§emZwH«$‘ H$m ‘hÎd
1. d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ ’$bñdê$n ~mbH$m| ‘| emar[aH$ {d{^ÝZVm nmB© OmVr
h¡& {ejH$ Bg kmZ go gånÝZ hmoH$a CZHo$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg ‘|
¶moJXmZ Xo gH$Vm h¡&
2. ~mbH$m| Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| ‘| qbJr¶ ^oX d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ H$maU hmoVm
h¡, {Oggo {d{^ÝZ {df¶m| ‘| CZH$s ¶mo½¶Vm H$‘ ¶m A{YH$ hmoVr
h¡& {ejH$ Bg kmZ go CZHo$ {bE Cn¶w³V {df¶m| Ho$ Aܶ¶Z H$s
ì¶dñWm H$a gH$Vm h¡&
3. d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$m| H$s OÝ‘OmV j‘VmAm| ‘| AÝVa hmoVm
h¡& {ejH$ Bg ~mV H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIH$a H$‘ àJ{V H$aZo dmbo
~mbH$m| H$mo A{YH$ àJ{V H$aZo ‘| gh¶moJ Xo gH$Vm h¡&
4. d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ ’$bñdê$n ~mbH$m| ‘| AZoH$ àH$ma H$s {d{^ÝZVmE±
nmB© OmVr h¢, Omo CZHo$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW-gmW A{YH$ go A{YH$
ñnîQ> hmoVr OmVr h¢& {ejH$, ~mbH$m| H$s BZ {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m
 n¥îR> 58 d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU àJʶ

Aܶ¶Z H$aHo$ BZHo$ AZwê$n {ejm H$r Am¶moOZm V¡¶ma H$a gH$Vm
h¡&
5. d§emZwH«$‘ EH$ {Z¶‘ ~VmVm h¡ {H$ ¶mo½¶ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMo A¶mo½¶
Am¡a A¶mo½¶ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMo ¶mo½¶ hmo gH$Vo h¢& Bg {Z¶‘ H$mo
AÀN>r Vah g‘PZo dmbm {ejH$ hr ~mbH$m| Ho$ à{V C{MV àH$ma
H$m ì¶dhma H$a gH$Vm h¡&
6. ~mbH$m| H$mo d§emZwH«$‘ H$s Hw$N> àd¥[Îm¶m± ^r àmá hmoVr h¢, Omo
dm§N>Zr¶ Am¡a Adm§N>Zr¶ XmoZm| àH$ma H$s hmoVr h¢& {ejH$ BZ
àd¥[Îm¶m| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aHo$ dm§N>Zr¶ àd¥[Îm¶m| H$m {dH$mg Am¡a
gm{h˶H$ma, Xoeào‘r ¶m XoeÐmohr ~ZoJm& Bg V϶ na qMVZ H$aZo
dmbm {ejH$ AnZo N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE Eogo dmVmdaU H$m {Z‘m©U H$a
gH$Vm h¡, {Oggo CZH$m {dH$mg C{MV {Xem ‘| hmo&
7. dmVmdaU Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo g‘PZo dmbm {ejH$, {dÚmb¶ ‘| ~mbH$m| Ho$
{bE Eogm dmVmdaU CnpñWV H$a gH$Vm h¡, {Oggo CZ‘| {dMmam|
H$s C{MV A{^ì¶p³V, {eîQ> gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma, H$Îm©ì¶m| Am¡a
A{YH$mam| H$m kmZ, ñdm^m{dH$ àd¥[Îm¶m| na {Z¶ÝÌU B˶m{X JwUm|
H$m A{YH$V‘ {dH$mg hmo gHo$&
8. à˶oH$ g‘mO H$m AnZm EH$ {d{eîQ> dmVmdaU hmoVm h¡& ~mbH$ H$mo

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Adm§N>Zr¶ àd¥[Îm¶m| H$m X‘Z ¶m ‘mJm©ÝVrH$aU H$a gH$Vm h¡&
7. d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$m| H$s grIZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm ‘| AÝVa hmoVm
h¡& {ejH$ Bg kmZ go AdJV hmoH$a Xoa go grIZo dmbo ~mbH$m|
Ho$ à{V ghZerb Am¡a OëXr grIZo dmbo ~mbH$m| H$mo A{YH$ H$m¶©
Xo gH$Vm h¡&
8. dwS>dW© H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ XohmVr ~mbH$m| H$s Anojm ehar ~mbH$m|
Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ ñVa H$s loîR>Vm Am§{eH$ ê$n go d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ H$maU
hmoVr h¡& {ejH$ Bg kmZ go AdJV hmoH$a AnZo {ejU H$mo CZHo$
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‘mZ{gH$ ñVam| Ho$ AZwgma ~Zm gH$Vm h¡&
2. dmVmdaU H$m ‘hÎd
1. gmoaoÝgZ H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ {ejm H$m kmZ CÎm‘ dmVmdaU ~mbH$m|
H$s ~w{Õ Am¡a kmZ H$s d¥{Õ ‘| àe§gZr¶ ¶moJXmZ XoVm h¡& Bg ~mV
H$s OmZH$mar aIZo dmbm {ejH$ AnZo N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE CÎm‘ go CÎm‘
e¡{jH$ dmVmdaU àXmZ H$aZo H$s MoîR>m H$a gH$Vm h¡&
2. ~mbH$ AnZo n[adma, n‹S>mog, ‘whëbo Am¡a Iob Ho$ ‘¡XmZ ‘| AnZm
n¶m©á g‘¶ ì¶VrV H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Bggo à^m{dV hmoVm h¡& {ejH$
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Bgr g‘mO Ho$ dmVmdaU ‘| AnZm AZwHy$bZ H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& Bg
~mV go AÀN>r Vah go n[a{MV hmoZo dmbm {ejH$, {dÚmb¶ H$mo bKw
g‘mO H$m ê$n àXmZ H$aHo$ ~mbH$m| H$mo AnZo {dñV¥V g‘mO Ho$
dmVmdaU go AZwHy$bZ H$aZo H$s {ejm Xo gH$Vm h¡&
Cn¶w©³V {ddoMZ go ¶h ñnîQ> hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ {ejH$ Ho$ {bE d§emZwH«$‘
Am¡a dmVmdaU XmoZm| H$m kmZ ~hþV A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡& Bg Vah Ho$ kmZ go
gånÝZ hmoH$a hr {ejH$ AnZo N>mÌm| H$m dm§{N>V Am¡a gÝVw{bV {dH$mg H$a
gH$Vm h¡& Bg{bE gmaoÝgZ H$m {dMma h¡ {H$
{ejH$ Ho$ {bE ‘mZd-{dH$mg na d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU Ho$ gmno{jH$ à^md Am¡a
nmañn[aH$ gå~ÝY H$m kmZ {deof ‘hÎd aIVm h¡&
d§emZwH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU Ho$ Bg {díbofU-g§íbofU go ¶h ñnîQ> hmo
OmVm h¡ {H$ dmVmdaU VWm d§emZwH«$‘ EH$ {g³Ho$ Ho$ Xmo nhby h¢& ¶o EH$ Xÿgao
Ho$ {bE A{V A{Zdm¶© h¢& ‘mZd {dH$mg Ho$ {bE BZH$mo EH$-Xÿgao go n¥WH²$
Zhr§ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm&
**************

BZ ñWmZm| Ho$ dmVmdaU H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIH$a hr ~mbH$ H$m C{MV

nW-àXe©Z H$aVm h¡& àJʶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ à˶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET,
3. ê$W ~¢{S>³Q> H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ ì¶{³V OÝ‘ go hr EH$ {ZpíMV MP Samvida, BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET,
gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU ‘| ahVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ AmXem] Ho$ AZwê$n hr HPTET) Ho$ {bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡&
AmMaU H$aVm h¡& Bg V϶ H$mo OmZZo dmbm {ejH$, ~mbH$ H$mo ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp
AnZm gm§ñH¥${VH$ {dH$mg H$aZo ‘| ¶moJXmZ Xo gH$Vm h¡& No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$ ³bmg J«wn ¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m Aݶ ñQ>S>r
4. ¶yZoñH$mo Ho$ Hw$N> {deofkm| H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ dmVmdaU H$m ~mbH$m| H$s Jw«n ‘| Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘| ‘m°S>b nona ^ooO {XE OmE±J|&
^mdZmAm| na ì¶mnH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡ Am¡a Cggo CZHo$ M[aÌ H$m
{Z‘m©U ^r hmoVm h¡& Bg H$WZ ‘| {dídmg H$aHo$ {ejH$, ~mbH$m| UPTET - 95301 43210
Ho$ {bE Eogo dmVmdaU H$m {Z‘m©U H$a gH$Vm h¡, {Oggo Z Ho$db MP Samvida - 95302 43210
CZH$s ^mdZmAm| H$m gÝVw{bV {dH$mg hmo, daZ² CZHo$ M[aÌ H$m BTET - 95302 43210
^r {Z‘m©U hmo gHo$& UTET - 72209 29294
JTET - 72209 29239
5. AZwHy$b dmVmdaU ‘| hr OrdZ H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ì¶p³V AmJo HTET - 72209 29266
H$s Amoa ~‹T>Vm h¡& Bg ~mV H$mo g‘PZo dmbm {ejH$ AnZo N>mÌm| CGTET - 72209 28969
H$s ê${M¶m|, àd¥[Îm¶m| Am¡a j‘VmAm| Ho$ AZwgma dmVmdaU àXmZ HPTET - 72209 28535
H$aHo$ CZH$mo AmJo H$s Amoa ~‹T>Zo ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$a gH$Vm h¡&
6. dmVmdaU, ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$s [Xem {ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡&
dmVmdaU hr ¶h {ZpíMV H$aVm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ ~‹S>m hmoH$a AÀN>m
¶m ~wam, M[aÌdmZ² ¶m M[aÌhrZ, g§¶‘r ¶m ì¶{^Mmar, ì¶mnmar ¶m

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU n¥îR> 59
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&

Aä¶mgmW© àíZ (1) Ho$db 1

(3) Ho$db 3
(2) Ho$db 2
(4) ¶o g^r

11. d§emZwH«$‘ d dmVmdaU H$m gå~ÝY h¡-

(1) d§emZwH«$‘ d dmVmdaU EH$ Xÿgao Ho$ {damoYr h¡&
1. d§emZwH«$‘ go A{^àm¶ h¡-
(2) d§emZwH«$‘ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡ dmVmdaU Zht&
(1) ep³V¶m±, Xmof d JwU, Omo J^m©YmZ Ho$ g‘¶ Ztd H$mof H$mo {‘bVo h¢&
(3) OrdZ d§emZwH«$‘ d dmVmdaU H$m ¶moJ h¡&
(2) do j‘VmE± Omo ~mbH$ AnZo nyd©Om| go àmßV H$aVm h¡&
(4) g‘ñV Xmofm| H$m H$maU dmVmdaU h¡&
(3) Bg‘| emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m± AmVr h¢&
(4) Cnamo³V g^r 12. ~mbH$m| ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ H$maU nm¶r OmVr h¡-
(1) emar[aH$ {d{^ÝZVm (2) e¡{jH$ {d{^ÝZVm
2. d§emZwJVVm H$m {ZYm©aU hmoVm h¡-
(3) AmMaU H$s {d{^ÝZVm (4) gånÝZVm H$s {d{^ÝZVm
(1) OrÝg Ho$ Ûmam (2) H«$mo‘mogmoåg Ho$ Ûmam
(3) ݶyam°Ýg Ho$ Ûmam (4) g^r 13. AmZwd§{eH$Vm Ho$ ‘yb g§dmhH$ ‘mZo OmVo h¢-
(1) àmoQ>rZ (2) {dQ>m{‘Ýg
3. d§eH«$‘ {gÕmÝV Ho$ à{VnmXH$ h¢-
(3) OrÝg (4) H$m~m}hmBS´>oQ²>g
(1) JmëQ>Z (2) drO‘¡Z
(3) ‘¡ÊS>b (4) gmoaoZZ 14. {H$gr ~ÀMo Ho$ D$na d§emZwH«$‘ go n‹S>Zo dmbm à^md Zht h¡-
(1) emar[aH$ bjUm| na à^md
4. ‘mVm-{nVm go gÝVmZm| H$mo àmßV hmoZo dmbo JwUm| H$mo ³¶m H$hVo h¢?
(2) ~w{Õ na à^md
(1) d§e (2) d§emZwH«$‘
(3) M[aÌ na à^md
(3) dmVmdaU (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
5. AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$mo ........... gm‘m{OH$ g§aMZm ‘mZm OmVm h¡&
15. ‘mZd ì¶p³VËd n[aUm‘ h¡-
(1) Jm¡U (2) J˶mË‘H$
(1) Ho$db AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$m
(3) pñWa (4) àmW{‘H$
(2) nmbZ-nmofU Am¡a {ejm H$m
6. ~w{Õ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm ‘hÎdnyU© H$maH$ H$m¡Zgm h¡? (3) AmZwd§{eH$Vm Am¡a dmVmdaU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m
(1) dmVmdaU (2) AmZwd§{eH$Vm (4) Ho$db dmVmdaU H$m
(3) Cn¶w©³V XmoZm| hr (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
16. ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg ‘| ......... EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m H$m {Zdm©h H$aVm h¡&
7. d§eH«$‘ gå~ÝYr {Z¶‘ h¡- (1) AmZwd§{eH$Vm
(1) g‘mZVm H$m {Z¶‘ (2) {d{^ÝZVm {Z¶‘ (2) dmVmdaU
(3) à˶mJ‘Z H$m {Z¶‘ (4) Cnamo³V g^r (3) AmZwd§{eH$Vm Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m {‘lU
(4) narjmAm| H$s g§»¶m
8. ‘mVm-{nVm go d§eOm| ‘| ñWmZmÝV[aV hmoZo dmbo bjUm| H$mo H$hm OmVm
h¡- 17. ~mbH$m| ‘| nm¶r OmZo dmbr OÝ‘OmV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm¶r
(1) n¶m©daU (2) OrZ à‘wI H$maH$ H$m¡Zgm h¡?
(3) AmZwd§{eH$Vm (4) hmoå¶moñQ>¡{gg (1) n¶m©daU (2) d§emZwH«$‘
(3) g‘mO (4) Om{V-Y‘©
9. ì¶p³VËd Ed§ ~w{Õ ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ H$s-
(1) Zm‘‘mÌ H$s ^y{‘H$m h¡& (2) ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m h¡& 18. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ‘w»¶ ê$n go AmZwd§{eH$Vm gå~ÝYr H$maH$
(3) Anydm©Zw‘o¶ ^y{‘H$m h¡& (4) AmH$f©H$ ^y{‘H$m h¡& h¡?
(1) Am±Imo H$m a§J
10. AmZwd§{eH$Vm VWm dmVmdaU nañna h¢- (2) gm‘m{OH$ J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| ^mJrXm[aVm
1. {Z^©a 2. nyaH$ (3) g‘H$j ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ g‘yh Ho$ à{V A{^d¥{Îm
3. gh¶moJr (4) {MÝVZ n¡Q>Z©
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
(4) (1) (3) (2) (3) (3) (4) (3) (1) (4) (3) (1) (3) (4) (3) (3) (2) (1)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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 n¥îR> 60 d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU àJʶ

19. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go .......... Ho$ A{V[a³V g^r dmVmdaUr¶ H$maH$ 26. ~mbH$ ³¶m h¡? CgH$s j‘Vm ³¶m h¡? CgH$m n¶m©ßV {dH$mg ³¶m|
{dH$mg H$mo AmH$ma XoVo h¢& Zht hmo nm ahm h¡? Am{X àíZm| H$m/Ho$ CÎmaXm¶r VÎd h¡/h¢-
(1) nm¡pîQ>H$Vm H$s JwUdÎmm (2) g§ñH¥${V 1. d§emZwH«$‘ 2. dmVmdaU
(3) {ejm H$s JwUmË‘H$Vm (4) emar[aH$ JR>Z (1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 2 XmoZm|
(3) Ho$db 2 (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
20. ~mø dmVmdaU Ho$ AÝVJ©V {ZåZ ‘| H$m¡Zgr n[apñW{V AmVr h¡?
(1) ^m¡{VH$ (2) gm‘m{OH$ 27. ~ÀMo Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| AmZwd§{eH$Vm Am¡a dmVmdaU H$s ^y{‘H$m Ho$ ~mao ‘|
(3) gm§ñH¥${VH$ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm g˶ h¡?
(1) AmZwd§{eH$Vm Am¡a dmVmdaU XmoZm| EH$ ~ÀMo Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| 50-50%
21. {nN>‹S>onZ H$m H$maH$ Zht h¡- ¶moJXmZ aIVo h¢&

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(1) emar[aH$ (2) ñd^md gå~ÝYr (2) g‘d¶ñH$m| Am¡a {nÌ¡H$ (genes) H$m gmnoj ¶moJXmZ ¶moJmË‘H$ Zht
(3) d§emZwH«$‘ (4) amOZr{VH$ hmoVm&
(3) AmZwd§{eH$Vm Am¡a dmVmdaU EH$gmW n[aMm{bV Zht hmoVo&
22. {nN>‹S>onZ H$m/Ho$ ‘yb H$maH$ h¡/h¢-
(1) d§emZwH«$‘ (4) ghO ê$PmZ dmVmdaU go gå~pÝYV h¡, O~{H$ dmñV{dH$ {dH$mg Ho$
(2) dmVmdaU {bE AmZwd§{eH$Vm Oê$ar h¡&
(3) 1 d 2 XmoZm| 28. Amn {Xëbr Ho$ {H$gr Ho$ÝÐr¶ {dÚmb¶ ‘| {ejH$ h¢& AmnH$s H$jm H$m
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
EH$ N>mÌ A’$μOb {h‘mMb àXoe H$m ahZo dmbm h¡ VWm EH$ Aݶ N>mÌ
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23. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm/go {H$gr ~ÀMo na AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$m/Ho$ gwXrn Ho$ab H$m ‘yb {Zdmgr h¡& Amn XmoZm| Ho$ a§J, ê$n, ñd^md Am{X
à^md h¡/h¢¡? ‘| H$m’$s {d{^ÝZVmE± XoIVo h¡& BgH$m à‘wI H$maU hmo gH$Vm h¡-
1. {d{eîQ> emar[aH$ bjU (1) dmVmdaUr¶ à^md
2. {d{eîQ> ~w{Õ (2) {dÚmb¶ ‘| XmoZm| H$m e¡{jH$ ñVa
3. {d{eîQ> M[aÌ (3) AmnH$s {ejU {d{Y
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 (4) Cnamo³V g^r
(3) 1 Ed§ 2 (4) ¶o g^r
29. à˶oH$ N>mÌ ñd¶§ ‘| {d{^ÝZ h¡& Bg V϶ H$m à‘wI H$maU ³¶m h¡?
1. ^m¡{VH$ dmVmdaU 2. gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU
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24. AmnH$s H$jm H$m EH$ N>mÌ ~w{Õ go ~hþV loîR> h¡, bo{H$Z eara go
H$m’$s H$‘Omoa h¡& Amn CgHo$ {nVm go {‘bVo h¢ VWm XoIVo h¢ {H$ 3. d§emZwH«$‘
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 2
CgH$o {nVm ^r ~w{Õ go Vmo loîR> h¢, {H$ÝVw eara go H$m’$s H$‘Omoa h¡&
(3) 1 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r
AmnHo$ AZwgma BgH$m ³¶m H$maU hmo gH$Vm h¡?
(1) nm¡pîQ>H$ ^moOZ H$m A^md 30. AmO ~mbmnamY H$s KQ>ZmE± ~‹T>Vr Om ahr h¢, {OgHo$ H$maUde {ejU
(2) {nN>bo H$B© dfm] H$s ~r‘mar àUmbr ‘| O{Q>bVmE± Am ahr h¢& AmnHo$ AZwgma BgH$m à‘wI H$maU ³¶m h¡?
(3) AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$m à^md 1. Xÿ{fV d§emZwH«$‘ 2. Xÿ{fV gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU
(4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht 3. Xÿ{fV n[adoe
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
25. AmnH$s H$jm H$m EH$ N>mÌ, H$jm ‘| amoO AZwemgZhrZVm H$aVm h¡&
(3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r
Amn Bg g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ hoVw {ZåZ ‘| go ³¶m Cnm¶ AnZmE±Jo?
(1) CgHo$ d§emZwH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU H$m nVm bJmH$a CgH$m ghr {Xem ‘| 31. ~ÀMo H$s AmZwd§{eH$Vm Ûmam {ZYm©[aV gr‘mAm| Ho$ ^rVa gdm}Îm‘
‘mJ©Xe©Z H$a|Jo& gå^m{dV {dH$mg Ho$ {bE EH$ {ejH$ H$mo ³¶m H$aZm Mm{hE?
(2) N>mÌ H$mo amoO nrQ>|Jo, O~ VH$ {H$ dh H$jm ‘| AZwemgZhrZVm H$aZm (1) Cgo ~mbH$ Ho$ n[adoe ‘| gwYma H$aZm Mm{hE&
Zht N>mo‹S> XoVm h¡& (2) Cgo ~mbH$ H$mo A{YH$-go-A{YH$ nwñVH$ n‹T>Zo H$s gbmh XoZr Mm{hE&
(3) ñHy$b go CgH$m Zm‘ H$mQ>Zo Ho$ {bE àYmZmMm¶© go H$h|Jo& (3) Cgo Iob-Hy$X ‘§o A{YH$-go-A{YH$ ^mJ boZo H$s gbmh XoZr Mm{hE&
(4) CgH$mo BbmO Ho$ {bE {H$gr AÀN>o ‘Zmo{M{H$ËgH$ Ho$ nmg boH$a OmE±Jo& (4) Cgo {dH$mg Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aZm Mm{hE&

19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31.
(4) (4) (4) (3) (4) (3) (1) (2) (2) (1) (4) (4) (1)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU n¥îR> 61
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
32. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g àH$ma Ho$ {dH$mg na AmZwd§{eH$Vm Ed§ 39. ê${M¶m|, ‘ybàd¥{Îm¶m| Ed§ ñdm^m{dH$ AmdoJm| H$m ñdñW {dH$mg hmo
dmVmdaU H$m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡? gH$Vm h¡ ¶{X-
1. gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg (1) d§emZwH«$‘ ñdñW hmo
2. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg (2) ~mbH$ H$m ñdmñ϶ AÀN>m hmo
3. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg (3) ‘mVm-{nVm {e{jV hmo
4. emar[aH$ {dH$mg (4) dmVmdaU {Og‘| ahVm h¡, ñdñW hmoZm Mm{hE&
(1) Ho$db 4 (2) 1 Ed§ 2
(3) 1,2 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r 40. ~mbH$ na dmVmdaU {H$g àH$ma H$m à^md S>mbVm h¡?
(1) emar[aH$ g§aMZm na à^md
33. {H$gr ~mbH$ H$m emar[aH$ bjU à^m{dV hmoVm h¡- (2) ~w{Õ na à^md
(1) Ho$db {nVm Ho$ S>r.EZ.E. go (3) ì¶p³VËd na à^md
(2) Ho$db ‘mVm Ho$ S>r.EZ.E. go (4) ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg na à^md
(3) ‘mVm Ed§ {nVm XmoZm| Ho$ S>r.EZ.E. go ghr {dH$ën MwZ|-
(4) Z Vmo ‘mVm Ho$ Am¡a Z hr {nVm Ho$ S>r.EZ.E. go (1) Ho$db 1 ghr (2) Ho$db 2 ghr
(3) Ho$db 3 ghr (4) g^r 1 go 4 ghr
34. ~mbH$ Ho$ gånyU© ì¶dhma H$s g¥pîQ> ........... Am¡a ........... H$s AÝV…
{H«$¶m Ûmam hmoVr h¡& 41. d§emZwH«$‘ ~mbH$ H$mo {H$g$ T>§J go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡?
(1) ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ì¶dhma 1 emar[aH$ JwUm| na à^md
(2) CgHo$ {‘Ìm|, ^mB©-~hZm| Ho$ ì¶dhma 2 ‘yb àd¥{Îm¶m| na à^md
(3) CgHo$ {ejH$m|, A{^^mdH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhma 3 ~m¡{ÕH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| na à^md
(4) AmZwd§{eH$Vm, dmVmdaU 4 ì¶mdgm{¶H$ H$m¡ebm| na à^md
(1) Ho$db 1 ghr (2) Ho$db 2 ghr
35. ~ÀMo Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| CgHo$ n[adoe H$m Omo à^md Cg na n‹S>Vm h¡, Cgo (3) Ho$db 3 ghr (4) g^r 1 go 4 ghr
h‘ .......... H$hVo h¢&
(1) nmbZ-nmofU (2) gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg 42. {ZåZ ‘| go ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s {df¶dñVw H$s à‘wI {deofVm ³¶m h¡?
(3) g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg (4) n[adoe Ho$ bm^ (1) n[adV©ZerbVm (2) AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$m à^md
(3) O{Q>bVm (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
36. n[adoe Ho$ à^md, ‘mZd Ho$ ........... Am¡a .......... XmoZm| MaUm| ‘|
~hþV hr ‘hÎdnyU© h¢& 43. {dÚmb¶ dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr {ZåZ{b{IV H$maH$m| ‘| go ~w{Õ H$mo
(1) gm‘m{OH$, Am{W©H$ gdm©{YH$ à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm H$maH$ H$m¡Zgm h¡?
(2) g‘mO, {dÚmb¶ ‘| {ejm (1) AZwemgZ (2) nmR²>¶H«$‘ gå~ÝYr {H«$¶mH$bmn
(3) àgd-nyd©, àgd Ho$ CnamÝV (3) nmR²>¶H«$‘ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(4) n[adma, {dÚmb¶ ‘| {dH$mg
44. ‘ÝX~w{Õ ‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZ ‘ÝX~w{Õ VWm à{V^membr ‘mVm-
37. ~mbH$ H$mo Omo ‘yb àd¥[Îm¶m± ........... go àmßV hmoVr h¡, CZH$m {dH$mg {nVm H$s gÝVmZ Vrd« ~w{Õ dmbr hmoVr h¡& ¶h à{gÕ emoY {ZîH$f©
........... ‘| hmoVm h¡& gd©àW‘ {ZåZ ‘| go {H$gZo {X¶m Wm?
(1) dmVmdaU, d§emZwH«$‘ (2) d§emZwH«$‘, dmVmdaU (1) {JãgZ Zo (2) JmoS>mS>© Zo
(3) n[adma, {dÚmb¶ (4) g‘mO, n[adma (3) J¡argZ Zo (4) {Jb’$moS>© Zo

38. ~mbH$ Ho$ gå¶H²$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| {H$ZH$m gh¶moJ 45. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| g‘mOempñ̶m| H$m ‘V ³¶m h¡?
gdm©{YH$ A{Zdm¶© h¡? (1) ì¶p³VËd dh h¡, Omo n¡V¥H$ {damgV go ‘w³V ahVm h¡&
(1) CgHo$ {dÚmb¶ Am¡a n[adma H$m (2) ì¶p³VËd dh h¡, Omo OÝ‘ go {dÚ‘mZ ahVm h¡&
(2) CgHo$ d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m (3) g§ñH¥${V, ì¶p³VËd H$mo n[a‘m{O©V H$aVr h¡&
(3) CgHo$ n[adma Am¡a g‘mO H$m (4) ì¶p³VËd g‘yh g§ñH¥${V go à^m{dV Ed§ n[ad{V©V hmoVm h¡&
(4) CgHo$ g‘mO Am¡a amîQ´> H$m

32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
(4) (3) (4) (1) (3) (2) (2) (1) (4) (4) (4) (4) (2) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 62 d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU àJʶ

46. ¶{X ‘mVm-{nVm AnZo ~mbH$m| ‘| nañna ^oX^md H$aVo h¢, Vmo Eogo 54. dh à{H«$¶m {OgHo$ Ûmam ‘mVm-{nVm ¶h AZw‘mZ bJmVo h¢ {H$ CZHo$
n[adoe ‘| ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg {ZåZ ‘| go {H$g àH$ma hmoJm? ~ÀMo ‘| g^r gH$mamË‘H$ JwU h¢, ³¶m|{H$ EH$ JwU gH$mamË‘H$ h¡,
(1) B©î¶m©¶w³V (2) {ZînjVmnyU© H$hbmVr h¡-
(3) gm‘mݶ (4) njnmVnyU© (1) n[adoe H$m à^md (2) hmdWm}Z H$m à^md
(3) à^md H$m {Z¶‘ (4) à{Vbmon n[adoe H$m à^md
47. CÀM ~m¡{ÕH$ ¶mo½¶VmE± d§emZwH«$‘ H$m n[aUm‘ h¡& gd©àW‘ Cnamo³V
V϶ H$s nwpîQ> {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo H$s Wr? 55. Xmo Ow‹S>dm± ~ÀMm| H$mo Xmo AbJ-AbJ ñWmZ na aIm OmVm h¡& EH$
(1) S>m{d©Z (2) JmëQ>Z ñWmZ na Ohm± Y‘©, g§ñH¥${V, g§ñH$ma Am{X H$m dmVmdaU h¡, dht
(3) e¡ëS>Z (4) dmQ>gZ Xÿgao ñWmZ na AÝY{dídmg Am¡a ê${‹T>dmX H$m dmVmdaU h¡& ~ÀMm| Ho$
~‹S>o hmoZo na CZHo$ {dMmam| na à^md S>mbZo dmbm dmVmdaUr¶ H$maH$

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48. ‘mVm-{nVm H$s emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ {deofVmAm| H$m gÝVmZm| ‘|
hmoJm?
hñVmÝVaU hmoZm d§emZwH«$‘ h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-
(1) ^m¡{VH$ H$maH$ (2) gm‘m{OH$ H$maH$
(1) Ooåg S´>oda H$m (2) dwS>dW© H$m
(3) Am{W©H$ H$maH$ (4) gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$maH$
(3) ~r. EZ. Pm H$m (4) ê$W ~|{S>³Q> H$m

49. dmVmdaU dh ~mhar ep³V h¡, Omo h‘| à^m{dV H$aVr h¡& ¶h H$WZ
h¡- ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ *******
(1) dwS>dW© H$m 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm
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(2) am°g H$m h¡ & AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AܶmnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB© H$a
(3) {Oñ~Q>© H$m g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
aho h¢ Vmo Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr H$jm Ho$
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(4) EZmñQ>ar H$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m
go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&
50. Ag‘m¶moOZ, ì¶p³V Am¡a CgHo$ dmVmdaU ‘| AgÝVwbZ H$m CëboI UPTET - 95301 43210
H$aVm h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡- MP Samvida - 95302 43210
(1) ~mo[a¨J H$m BTET - 95302 43210
(2) b¢J’o$ëS> H$m UTET - 72209 29294
(3) JoQ²>g d Aݶ H$m JTET - 72209 29239
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(4) S´>oda H$m HTET - 72209 29266

CGTET - 72209 28969
51. ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ H$m AW© dmñV{dH$Vm Ho$ YamVb na dmVmdaU go HPTET - 72209 28535
n¶m©ßV gm‘§Oñ¶ H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-
(1) b¡S>ob H$m (2) S´>oda H$m AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$ nong©,
(3) pñH$Za H$m (4) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo H$m ‘m°S>b nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go ‘mJ©Xe©Z
{H$¶m OmEJm, Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm àmá H$a gH|$&
52. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$go ~mb-AnamY H$s loUr ‘| aIm Om gH$Vm h¡?
(1) Mmoar H$aZm
(2) n‹T>Zo ‘| Aê${M hmoZm
(3) Iob-Hy$X ‘| ‘Z bJmZm
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

53. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$go ~mb-AnamY H$s loUr ‘| aIm Om gH$Vm h¡?

(1) ‘mVm-{nVm H$s ~mV Z ‘mZZm
(2) JÝXr ^mfm H$m à¶moJ H$aZm
(3) AmdmamJXu H$aZm
(4) Cnamo³V g^r

46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55.
(1) (2) (3) (2) (3) (1) (1) (4) (1) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 63

Aܶm¶ 5
A{YJ‘
5.1 àñVmdZm 1. pñH$Za Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶dhma Ho$ AO©Z ‘| CÝZ{V H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo A{^J‘ H$hVo h¢&
{ejm ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| A{YJ‘ H$m ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡ ³¶m|{H$ {ejm
‘Zmo{dkmZ A{YJ‘ H$m {dkmZ h¡& A{YJ‘ EH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ à[H«$¶m h¡ VWm 2. H«$mo d H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-
{H$gr ^r {ejm àUmbr ‘| BgH$m ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡& ‘Zwî¶ EH$ OÝ‘OmV kmZ Am¡a A{^d¥{Îm H$s àm{á hr A{YJ‘ h¡&
A{YJ‘erb àmUr h¡& BgH$m CXmhaU h‘| ‘hm^maV H$mb go àmá hmoVm h¡&

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‘hm^maV H$mb ‘| dra A{^‘ݶw Zo ‘m± Ho$ J^© ‘o§ hr MH«$ì¶yh Vmo‹S>Zo H$m kmZ 3. JoQ²>g Ho$ AZwgma-
àmá {H$¶m Wm& ¶h A{YJ‘ H$m hr n[aUm‘ h¡, {Oggo AmO {díd Zo BVZr A{YJ‘ AZw^d Ûmam ì¶dhma H$m emoY h¡&
A{YH$ àJ{V Am¡a {dH$mg H$mo àmá H$a {b¶m h¡& h‘ N>mÌ H$mo {e{jV H$aZm
MmhVo h¡, Omo dmñV{dH$ ê$n go grIZm ¶m A{YJ‘ hr h¡, {Oggo dh {ejm 4. JwWar Ho$ AZwgma-
àmá H$aVm h¡& A{YJ‘ {H$gr n[apñW{V ‘| {^ÝZ T>§J go H$m¶© H$aZo H$s j‘Vm h¡, Omo n[apñW{V
Ho$ AZwgma nyd© AZw^dm| Ho$ H$maU AmVr h¡&
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5.2 A{YJ‘ H$m AW© 5. Ama. Eg. dwS>dW© Ho AZwgma-

A{YJ‘ AZw^d Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n àmUr Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| Hw$N> n[a‘mO©Z h¡, Omo H$‘
A{YJ‘ H$m AW© h¡ grIZm& A{YJ‘ EH$ ì¶mnH$ eãX h¡, Omo OÝ‘OmV
go H$‘ Hw$N> g‘¶ Ho$ {bE àmUr Ûmam YmaU {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
à{V{H«$¶mAm| na AmYm[aV h¡& ì¶p³V AnZr OÝ‘OmV àd¥{Îm¶m| go ào[aV hmoH$a
Omo {H«$¶m H$aVm h¡ CgHo$ ’$bñdê$n dh {H$gr ZdrZ n[apñW{V Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| 6. nrb Ho$ AZwgma-
AmVm h¡& O~ dh AnZo nwamZo AZw^dm| Ho$ AmYma na Bg ZdrZ n[apñW{V Ûmam A{YJ‘ ì¶[³V ‘| ì¶dhma n[adV©Z h¡, Omo CgHo$ dmVmdaU Ho$ n[adV©Zm| Ho$
AnZr àd¥{Îm¶m| H$mo gÝVwîQ> Zht H$a nmVm h¡, Vmo dh Bg n[apñW{V Ho$ gmW AZwgaU go hmoVm h¡&
g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aVm h¡& n[aUm‘V… dh AnZo CZ ì¶dhmam| H$mo
N>mo‹S> XoVm h¡, Omo C³V n[apñW{V Ho$ AZwHy$b Zht hmoVo h¢ Am¡a ZdrZ n[apñW{V 7. qH$½Obo VWm J¡ar Ho$ AZwgma-
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Ho$ AZwHy$b ì¶dhmam| H$mo AnZmZo bJVm h¡& Bg àH$ma CgHo$ ì¶dhma AZw^dm| A{YJ‘ EH$ Eogr à{H«$¶m h¡ {OgHo$ Ûmam ì¶dhma H$m Aä¶mg ¶m Q´oqZJ Ûmam OÝ‘
Ho$ AmYma na n[ad{V©V Am¡a n[a‘m{O©V hmoVo ahVo h¢& CXmhaUmW©, {eew Ho$ hmoVm h¡ ¶m Cg‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡&
gm‘Zo XrnH$ bo OmZo na dh ñdm^m{dH$ ê$n go CgH$s bm¡ H$mo nH$‹S>Zo Ho$ {b¶o 8. {Jb’$moS>© Ho$ AZwgma-
hmW ~‹T>mVm h¡, {H$ÝVw bm¡ hmW ‘| bJVo hr Cgo ObZ H$m AZw^d hmoVm h¡ Am¡a
ì¶dhma Ho$ H$maU ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z hr A{YJ‘ h¡&
dh hmW ItM boVm h¡& nwZ… O~ H$^r CgHo$ gm‘Zo XrnH$ bm¶m OmVm h¡ V~
dh AnZo AZw^d Ho$ AmYma na A~ H$s ~ma bm¡ H$mo nH$‹S>Zo Ho$ {bE hmW Zht 9. H$m°b{dZ Ho$ AZwgma-
~‹T>mVm h¢ daZ² dh Cggo Xÿa ^mJZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma AZw^d Ho$ nhbo go {Z{‘©V ì¶dhma ‘| AZw^dm| Ûmam hþE n[adV©Z H$mo A{YJ‘ H$hVo h¢&
AmYma na CgHo$ ñdm^m{dH$ ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z hmo OmVm h¡& ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$
AÝVJ©V Bg àH$ma Ho$ ñdm^m{dH$ ì¶dhma ‘| hmoZo dmbo àJ{Verb n[adV©Z ¶m 10. ‘m°J©Z Am¡a {Jbrb¡ÊS> Ho$ AZwgma-
n[a‘mO©Z H$mo hr A{YJ‘ H$hVo h¢& A{YJ‘ AZw^d Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n àmUr Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| Hw$N> n[a‘mO©Z h¡, Omo H$‘
go H$‘ Hw$N> g‘¶ Ho$ {bE àmUr Ûmam YmaU {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

11. ‘’$s© Ho$ AZwgma-

5.3 A{YJ‘ H$s n[a^mfmE± grIZm ì¶dhma Am¡a ÑpîQ>H$moU XmoZm| H$m n[a‘mO©Z h¡&
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo A{^J‘ Ho$ AW© Ed§ {H«$¶m H$mo ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o AnZo 12. brO Ho$ AZwgma-
AZwgma grIZo H$s AZoH$ n[a^mfmE± Xr h¢& BZ‘| go Hw$N> à‘wI n[a^mfmE±
AZw^d Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n, ì¶dhma ‘| àX{e©V n[adV©Z hr A{YJ‘ h¡&
{ZåZ[b{IV h¢-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
13. hoZar pñ‘W Ho$ AZwgma-
AZw^d Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n Z¶o ì¶dhma H$m dU©Z AWdm nwamZo ì¶dhma H$m
gwÑ‹T>rH$aU hr A{YJ‘ h¡&
14. {hbJmS>© Ho$ AZwgma
grIZm dh à{H«$¶m h¡, {Og‘| Z¶r {H«$¶m H$m OÝ‘ hmoVm h¡ AWdm gm‘Zo AmB©
n[apñW{V Ho$ AZwHy$b Cg‘| C{MV n[adV©Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
15. Or.S>r. ~m°O Ho$ AZwgma
A{YJ‘ EH$ à{H«$¶m h¡ {OgHo$ Ûmam ì¶[³V {d{^ÝZ AmXV|, kmZ Ed§ ÑpîQ>H$moU
gm‘mݶ OrdZ H$s ‘m±Jm| H$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE A{O©V H$aVm h¡&
16. àogr Ho$ AwZgma
A{YJ‘ EH$ AZw^d h¡ {OgHo$ Ûmam H$m¶© ‘| n[adV©Z Ed§ g‘m¶moOZ hmoVm h¡ VWm
ì¶dhma H$s {d{Y àmá hmoVr h¡&
17. Ebo³OoÊS>a Ho$ AZwgma
A{YJ‘ H$mo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$m¶moª VWm àmUr H$s {deofVmoAm| ‘| H«${‘H$ g§emoYZ
H$s à{H«$¶m H$hVo h¢& ¶h AmÝV[aH$ VWm ~mø H$maUm| Ûmam {ZYm©[aV hmoVm h¡ Ed§ ¶h
g‘m¶moOZ VWm AZwHy$brH$aU H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVm h¡&
18. Hw$ßnyñdm‘r Ho$ AZwgma
A{YJ‘ dh à{H«$¶m h¡ {OgHo$ Ûmam EH$ Ord, EH$ n[apñW{V ‘| CgHo$ AÝV… {H«$¶m
Ho$ n[aUm‘ Ho$ ê$n ‘§o ì¶dhma H$m EH$ ZdrZ à{Vê$n A{O©V H$aVm h¡, Omo Hw$N> A§e
VH$ pñWamoÝ‘wI ahVm h¡ VWm Ord Ho$ gm‘mݶ ì¶dhma à{V‘mZ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡&
19. CX¶ nmarH$ H$o AZwgma
A{YJ‘ kmZmË‘H$, Jm‘H$ AWdm ì¶dhmaJV {Zdoem| H$s Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>Zo na
CZHo$ à^mdmË‘H$ Ed§ {d{^ÝZ à¶moJ hoVw A{YJ«hU, AmË‘rH$aU d AmÝVarH$aU H$aZo
VWm AmJm‘r ñdMm{bV A{YJ‘ H$s ~‹T>r hþB© j‘Vm H$s Amoa bo OmZo dmbr à{H«$¶m h¡&
20. S>m°. {Xp½dO¶ nMm¡ar Ho$ AZwgma
A{YJ‘ ì¶dhma ‘| gmno{jH$ ñWm¶r n[adV©Z h¡ Omo Aä¶mg Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n hmoVm
h¡& ¶h n[adV©Z {Xem {deof ‘| hmoVm h¡ {Oggo ì¶[³V H$s {dÚ‘mZ àoaH$ AdñWmAm|
H$s gÝVwpîQ> hmoVr h¡&
Cn¶w©³V n[a^mfmAm| Ho$ AZwgma A{YJ‘ EH$ A{O©V {H«$¶m h¡ Omo
à{ejU go àmá hmoVr h¡& A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ‘Zwî¶ H$m à¶ËZ g{ÝZ{hV h¡&
‘Zwî¶ Bgo AmXV, kmZ Am¡a ‘Zmod¥{Îm¶m| go àmá H$aVm h¡, {Oggo OrdZ H$s
‘m±J nyar hmoVr h¡ & Bgo ‘Zwî¶ ZB© n[apñW{V¶m| go AZwHy$bZ H$aH$o àmá H$aVm
h¡& AV… OrdZ H$s g’$bVm Ho$ {bE A{YJ‘ A˶ÝV Amdí¶H$ h¡&
A{YJ‘ gå~ÝYr n[a^mfmAm| H$m JhZ Aܶ¶Z H$aZo na {ZåZ V϶
gm‘Zo AmVo h¢-
1. A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m Ûmam ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡&
2. ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z nyd© AZw^dm| na AmYm[aV hmoVm h¡&
3. ì¶dhma ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Z H$m à^md Hw$N> g‘¶ VH$ ~Zm ahVm
h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
4. A{YJ‘ ì¶dhma H$m n[a‘mO©Z h¡&
5. A{YJ‘ Ho$ Ûmam ì¶dhma ‘| hmoZo dmbm n[adV©Z ~mø ê$n go {XImB©
Xo ^r gH$Vm h¡ ¶m Zht ^r&
6. A{YJ‘ Ho$ Ûmam {ejmWu Ho$ kmZmË‘H$, ^mdmË‘H$ VWm {H«$¶mË‘H$
njm| H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
5.4 A{YJ‘ H$m ñdê$n
grIZo H$mo n[adV©Z, gwYma, {dH$mg, CÝZ{V VWm g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ Vwë¶ ‘mZm
OmVm h¡& ¶h Ho$db ñHy$b H$s {ejm, gmB©{H$b MbmZo, n‹T>Zo ¶m Q>mBn H$aZo
VH$ gr{‘V Zht ~pëH$ ¶h EH$ {demb eãX h¡, {OgH$m ì¶[³V na Jham à^md
n‹S>Vm h¡& grIZo Ho$ ~mao ‘| g^r ‘Zwî¶m| H$m AnZm-AnZm AbJ ÑpîQ>H$moU h¡,
Hw$N> bmoJm| Ho$ ÑpîQ>H$moU {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. J¡ñQ>mëQ> ÑpîQ>H$moU
Bg ÑpîQ>H$moU Ho$ AZwgma grIZo H$m AmYma J¡ñQ>mëQ> T>±mMo na {Z^©a h¡&
grIZm gånyU© pñW{V H$s gånyU© à{V{H«$¶m h¡&
2. ì¶dhmadmXr ÑpîQ>H$moU
ì¶dhmadm{X¶m| H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ [gImZm AZw^d Ho$ n[aUm‘ Ho$ Vm¡a na ì¶dhma
‘| n[adV©Z H$m Zm‘ h¡& ‘Zwî¶ VWm Xÿgao àmUr dmVmdaU ‘| à{V{H«$¶m H$aVo h¢&
~ÀMm OÝ‘ go hr AnZo dmVmdaU go Hw$N> grIZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aVm h¡&
3. hmoa{‘H$ ÑpîQ>H$moU
¶h ÑpîQ>H$moU ‘¡³Sy>Jb H$s XoZ h¡& ¶h grIZo Ho$ bú¶ Ho$pÝÐV ñdê$n na Omoa
XoVm h¡& grIZm bú¶ H$mo gm‘Zo aIH$a {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
4. à¶ËZ VWm ^yb ÑpîQ>H$moU
¶h ÑpîQ>H$moU Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$s XoZ h¡& CgZo {~pëb¶m|, Hw$Îmm| VWm ‘N>{b¶m| na
~hþV go à¶moJ H$aHo$ ¶h {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbm {H$ do à¶ËZ VWm ^yb go ~hþV Hw$N>
grIVo h¢&
5. grIZo H$m ’$sëS> ÑpîQ>H$moU
Bg ÑpîQ>H$moU H$m à{VnmXZ H$Q>© bo{dZ Zo {H$¶m h¢& CÝhm|Zo H$hm h¡ {H$ grIZm
n[apñW{V H$m à˶j kmZmË‘H$ g§JR>Z h¡ Am¡a grIZo ‘| àoaUm H$m ‘hÎdnyU©
hmW h¡&
5.5 A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$
ì¶dhma n[adV©Z H$mo hr A{YJ‘ ¶m grIZm H$hVo h¢& Bg AmYma na Omo VÎd
ì¶dhma H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢, do VÎd hr grIZo H$mo {H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n ‘|
à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& bo{H$Z ì¶p³V ¶m ~mbH$ H$m ì¶dhma Vmo à˶j ê$n go
{XImB© XoVm h¡ bo{H$Z A{YJ‘ {XIm¶r Zht XoVm& ¶h V~ hr {XIVm h¡, O~
~mbH$ H$mo {H$gr n[apñW{V ‘| aIm OmVm h¡& ‘w»¶V… grIZo H$s n«{H«$¶m ‘|
H$B© VÎd ¶m H$maH$ Eogo hmoVo h¢, Omo grIZo H$mo ¶m A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo
h¢& ¶o H$maH$ ñd¶§ {ejH$, {dÚmWu, dmVmdaU, nmR²>¶-dñVw, ì¶dñWm, ‘mZd
g§gmYZ Am{X go gå~pÝYV hmoVo h¢&
 àJʶ
Bg AmYma na ¶o H$maH$ ‘w»¶ ê$n go N>… àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢-
1. {dÚmWu go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
2. {ejH$ go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
3. dmVmdaU go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
4. nmR²>¶dñVw go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
5. A{YJ‘ ì¶dñWm go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
6. ‘mZd d ^m¡{VH$ g§gmYZm| go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
5.5.1 {dÚmWu go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
{H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo [gImZo ‘| ¶m H$aZo ‘| {dÚmWu H$s ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m hmoVr
h¡& ¶h {dÚmWu ¶m grIZo dmbm ¶m bZ©a H$hbmVm h¡& ¶hm± ~mbH$ ¶m {dÚmWu
{H$VZm grIoJm d {H$g àH$ma grIoJm ¶h CgH$s ‘yb-àd¥{Îm¶m|, ì¶p³VJV
{d[^ÝZVmAm|, Am¶w, ê${M d Aݶ ~mVm| na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡& {dÚmWu Ho$
‘Z ‘| AZoH$m| {Okmgm CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡, {OgH$s VwpîQ> dh h‘oem MmhVm h¡&
Eogr n[apñW{V ‘| grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m AZoH$ H$maH$m| go à^m{dV hmoVr h¡, Omo
{ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. emar[aH$ ñdmñ϶
{H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo grIZo ‘| {dÚmWu H$m emar[aH$ ñdmñ϶ ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU©
hmoVm h¡& ¶{X ~mbH$ emar[aH$ ê$n go ñdñW h¡, Vmo dh AnZo A{YJ‘ ‘§o ê${M
boJm, BgHo$ {dnarV ¶{X ~mbH$ H$mo H$moB© emar{aH$ H$îQ> hmoVm h¡, Vmo CgH$m
nyam ܶmZ Cgr ‘§o bJ OmVm h¡ Am¡a dh AnZo H$m¶© ‘| g‘J« ê$n go ܶmZ Zht
bJm nmVm& AV… A{YJ‘ Ho$ {b¶o ~mbH$ H$m emar[aH$ ê$n go ñdñW hmoZm
A{V Amdí¶H$ h¡&
2. ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶
{H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo grIZo Ho$ {b¶o emar[aH$ ñdmñ϶ Ho$ gmW-gmW ‘mZ{gH$
ñdmñ϶ ^r A˶ÝV Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡& ¶{X ~mbH$ ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go ñdñW h¡,
Vmo dh {H$gr ^r H$m¶© ¶m ~mV H$mo OëXr go grI boVm h¡, Zht Vmo dh H$m¶© H$mo
grIZo ‘| Á¶mXm g‘¶ bJmVm h¡ d Cgo Á¶mXm g‘¶ VH$ ¶mX Zht aI nmVm&
3. grIZo H$s BÀN>m
emar[aH$ ñdmñ϶ d ‘mZ{gH$ ñdm϶ Ho$ ghr hmZo na ~mbH$ ‘| {H$gr H$m¶©
H$mo grIZo H$s BÀN>m hmoZr Mm{hE& ¶{X Cg‘| H$m¶© grIZo Ho$ BÀN>m hmoVr h¡,
V~ dh H$m¶moª H$mo erK«Vm go grIZo ‘| g’$b hmo OmVm h¡& BgHo$ {b¶o ~mbH$m|
‘| Hw$N> nmZo H$s Mmh hmoZr Mm{hE&
4. grIZo H$m gԦ
¶{X ~mbH$ H$mo H$moB© {H«$¶m Á¶mXm g‘¶ VH$ {gIm¶r OmVr h¡ Vmo dh WH$mZ
‘hgyg H$aZo bJVm h¡, Bg pñW{V ‘| ~mbH$ ‘| {H«$¶m H$mo grIZo Ho à{V
CXmgrZVm Am OmVr h¡& AV… ~mbH$ H$mo H$moB© ^r {H«$¶m {gImVo g‘¶ Bg ~mV
H$m ܶmZ Adí¶ aIZm Mm{hE {H$ ~mbH$ H$mo bJmVma Á¶mXm g‘¶ VH$ H$moB©
H$m¶© Z H$am¶m Om¶o& BgHo$ ~rM ‘| Wmo‹S>m g‘¶mÝVamb hmoZm Mm{hE&
5. A{^àaoUm H$m ñVa
à˶oH$ ~mbH$ H$mo grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ {b¶o A{YH$ go A{YH$ A{^àoaUm H$m
à¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE, {Oggo ~mbH$ H$mo H$m¶© Ho$ à{V ào[aV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 65
h¡& BgH$s AZwnpñW{V ‘| ~mbH$ H$m¶© Vmo H$aVm h¡, bo{H$Z bú¶ VH$ Zht
nhþ±M nmVm&
6. grIZo ‘| VËnaVm
O~ ~mbH$ ñd¶§ grIZo Ho$ {b¶o VËna ¶m V¡¶ma hmoVm h¡, Vmo Cg pñW{V ‘§o
~mbH$ {H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo OëXr grI boVm h¡ d Cgo Á¶mXm g‘¶ VH$ AnZo
‘pñVîH$ ‘| YmaU aIVm h¡, bo{H$Z ¶{X ~mbH$ {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo [gImZo Ho$
{b¶o VËna Zht hmoVm Vmo dh ¶m Vmo Cg H$m¶© H$mo grI Zht nm¶oJm Am¡a ¶{X
grI ^r boVm h¡, Vmo dh Cgo erK«Vm go ^yb Om¶oJm& AV… {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo
~mbH$ H$mo [gImZo go nhbo Cg‘| H$m¶© Ho$ à{V VËnaVm ¶m ê$PmZ CËnÝZ
H$aZm Mm{hE&
7. A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m
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{H$gr H$m¶© H$mo [gImZo Ho$ {b¶o CgH$s ê$naoIm H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡,
{Oggo A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m à^m{dV hmoVr h¡& A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m gab, ñnîQ>
d ì¶dpñWV ê$n ‘| hmoVr h¡ Vmo H$m¶© H$mo erK« grIm OmVm h¡
8. {dÚmWu ¶m ~mbH$ H$s ‘yb^yV j‘Vm
à˶oH$ ~mbH$ H$s AnZr Hw$N> Z Hw$N> ‘yb^yV j‘Vm¶| hmoVr h¡ {OZH$mo AmYma
~ZmH$a hr {H«$¶mAm| H$mo {gImZm Mm{hE& BgHo$ AÝVJ©V ~mbH$ H$s AÝV{Z©{hV
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ep³V, gm‘϶©, g§doJmË‘H$ ÑpîQ> Am{X AmVo h¢& ¶{X ~mbH$m| H$mo H$moB© H$m¶©
CgH$s ‘yb^yV j‘Vm Ho$ AZwgma {gIm¶m OmVm h¡ Vmo dh H$m¶© ‘| erK«
{ZnwUVm àmá H$a boVm h¡& AV… H$m¶moª H$m à{ejU XoZo go nyd© ~mbH$ H$s
‘yb^yV j‘VmAm| H$s OmZH$mar bo boZr Mm{hE, Zht Vmo Cn¶w³V n[aUm‘ àmá
Zht hmoVo&
9. ~w{Õ ñVa
g^r {dÚmWu ¶m ~mbH$ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ~w{Õ ñVa dmbo hmoVo h¢ O¡go- gm‘mݶ,
à{V^membr, ‘yI©, ‘ÝX-~w{Õ Am{X& {H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo [gImZo go nhbo
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AܶmnH$ H$m ¶h H$Îm©ì¶ hmoVm h¡ {H$ dh {Og {dÚmWu H$mo dh H$m¶© {gIm
ahm h¡, nhbo CgH$m ~w{Õ ñVa kmV H$a bo, CgHo$ CnamÝV hr Cgo H$moB© H$m¶©
{gIm¶o& O~ {dÚmWu H$mo CgHo$ ~w{Õ-ñVa VWm j‘Vm Ho$ AZwgma H$moB© H$m¶©
{gIm¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo Cgo g‘PZo ‘| gabVm hmoVr h¡ ¶m ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡&
Eogr pñW{V ‘o§ dh H$m¶moª H$mo OëXr grI boVm h¡&
10. ê${M
{Og àH$ma {dÚmWu ¶m ~mbH$ H$mo H$moB© H$m¶© {gImZo ‘| A{^àoaUm Amdí¶H$
hmoVr h¡, Cgr àH$ma H$m¶© Ho$ à{V {dÚmWu H$s ê${M H$m hmoZm ^r Amdí¶H$
h¢& ê${M¶w³V H$m¶moª H$mo ~mbH$ OëXr grI boVm h¡ d Bggo Cg‘| AmZÝX H$s
AZw^y{V hmoVr h¡&
5.5.2 {ejH$ go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
{Og àH$ma grIZo H$s à[H«$¶m ‘| grIZo dmbm ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡, Cgr àH$ma
CZ H$m¶moª H$mo [gImZo dmbm ^r ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ¶h H$m¶© AܶmnH$ ¶m
{ejH$ Ûmam {gIm¶o OmVo h¢& {ejH$ go gå~pÝYV Hw$N> H$maH$ Eogo hmoVo h¢, Omo
A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢ {OZ‘| go Hw$N> {ZåZ àH$ma h¢-
 n¥îR> 66 A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
1. {ejH$ H$m ì¶dhma
grIZo H$s {H«$¶m ‘| {ejH$ H$m ì¶dhma A˶ÝV ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡& ¶h {H$gr
^r H$m¶© Ho$ grIZo H$mo à˶j ê$n go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& O~ {ejH$, {H$gr
{dÚmWu H$mo gh¶moJ, g‘mZVm, ghmZw^y{VnyU© ì¶dhma, Am{X JwUm| Ûmam AÀN>m
ì¶dhma àX{e©V H$aHo$ Cgo H$m¶© {gImVm h¡, Vmo dh {dÚmWu Cg H$m¶© ‘| ê${M
boH$a Cgo AmgmZr go d OëXr go grI boVm h¡&
2. ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m kmZ
O~ VH$ {ejH$ H$mo ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m kmZ Zht hmoVm, V~ VH$ dh {dÚmWu H$mo
Hw$N> ^r Zht {gIm gH$Vm, ³¶m|{H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ Ûmam hr {dÚmWu H$s ê${M¶m|,
j‘VmAm|, A{^ê${M¶m| Am{X H$mo nhMmZH$a Cgo Cgr Ho$ AZwgma H$m¶moª H$mo
{gIm¶m OmVm h¡&
3. {ejH$ H$m {dÚmWu go gå~ÝY
{ejH$ d {dÚmWu Ho$ ~rM ¶{X ‘Ywa gå~ÝY hmoVo h¢, Vmo {dÚmWu AnZr
g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo [~Zm {H$gr {hMH$ Ho$ {ejH$ Ho$ g‘j aI XoVm h¡, Zht Vmo
dh AnZr g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo gwbPm Zht nmVm& ¶h pñW{V H$m¶moª H$mo grIZo
d [gImZo H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¡& AV… {ejH$ H$mo {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gmW ‘Ywa
gå~ÝY ~ZmZo Mm{hE&
4. {df¶-dñVw H$s Cn¶mo{JVm
{df¶-dñVw H$s Cn¶mo{JVm ^r A{YJ‘ H$mo namoj ê$n go à^m{dV H$aVr h¡&
{df¶-dñVw H$s Cn¶mo{JVm {dÚmWu Ho$ ‘Z na AZwHy$b à^md S>mbVr h¡ Am¡a
{H$gr H$m¶© H$mo grIZo Ho$ {b¶o ~mܶ H$aVr h¡ VWm Cg‘| ê${M CËnÝZ H$aVr
h¡&
5. {ejU-{d{Y¶m±
{H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo grIZo ¶m {gImZo ‘| {ejU {d{Y¶m± A˶ÝV ‘hÎdnyU©
^y{‘H$m AXm H$aVr h¢& ~mbH$m| Ho$ ~w{Õ-ñVa AbJ-AbJ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU
à˶oH$ ~mbH$ EH$ hr {d{Y go Zht grI nmVm ¶m gH$Vm& BgHo$ {b¶o {d{^ÝZ
àH$ma H$s {ejU {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a BZ {ejU-{d{Y¶m| H$m
à¶moJ ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
6. {ejH$ H$m ì¶p³VËd
{ejH$ H$m ì¶p³VËd ^r {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo grIZo ‘§o ¶m Vmo ghm¶H$ {gÕ hmoVm
h¡ ¶m ~mYm CËnÝZ H$aVm h¡& gm‘mݶV… ¶h XoIm OmVm h¡ {H$ {Og {ejH$ H$m
ì¶p³VËd AmH$f©H$ AWm©V² dh AnZo ì¶dhma ‘| gÝVwbZ aIVm h¡, Vmo ~mbH$
CgH$s Va’$ AmH${f©V hmoVo h¢ d CgH$s Amkm H$m nmbZ ^r H$aVo h¢, Omo {H$
{H$gr H$m¶© H$mo {gImZo Ho$ {b¶o Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡&
7. g‘¶-gmaUr H$m {Z‘m©U
{dÚmb¶m| ‘| g‘¶-gmaUr H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo g‘¶ Bg ~mV H$m ܶmZ Adí¶
aIZm Mm{hE {H$ EH$ gmW bJmVma Xmo H${R>Z {df¶m| H$mo Z bJm¶m Om¶o d
H${R>Z {df¶m| H$mo g‘¶-gmaUr ‘| àW‘ MaU ‘| aIZm Mm{hE, ³¶m|{H$ àmaå^
‘| ~mbH$ ‘| VamoVmOJr d ñ’y${V© hmoVr h¡ d dh ‘mZ{gH$ d emar[aH$ ê$n go
grIZo Ho$ {b¶o V¡¶ma hmoVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
8. ~mbH$ Ho$pÝÐV {ejm
{ejH$ H$mo ~mbH$ H$s àd¥{Îm d àH¥${V Ho$ AZwgma hr {ejm àXmZ H$aZr Mm{hE&
Bg àH$ma Xr J¶r {ejm H$m dh nyar Vah go bm^ CR>mVo h¢, ³¶m§o{H$ ¶h {ejm
CZH$s ê${M¶m|, j‘VmAm|, A{^ê${M¶m| Am{X H$mo AmYma ~ZmH$a Xr OmVr h¡,
{Oggo Ano{jV ’$b H$s àm{á hmoVr h¡& dV©‘mZ H$mb ‘| Eogr hr {ejm àXmZ
H$s OmVr h¡&
9. ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na kmZ
{ejH$ H$mo à˶oH$ ~mbH$ Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZH$mar hmoZr Mm{hE, ³¶m|{H$ à˶oH$
~mbH$, Xÿgao ~mbH$ go à˶oH$ AmYma na AbJ hmoVm h¡& {OgH$m kmZ hmoZm
{ejH$ Ho$ {b¶o A{V Amdí¶H$ h¡&
10. Aä¶mg H$m¶© H$mo XmohamZo H$s ì¶dñWm
{ejH$ H$mo Mm{hE {H$ dh {OZ H$m¶moª H$mo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo [gIm ahm h¡, CgH$mo
~ma-~ma CZgo XmohadmE±& Bggo {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| H$m¶moª Ho$ à{V ê${M CËnÝZ hmoVr
h¡ d ~ma-~ma Cgr H$m¶© H$mo H$aZo go dh Cgo nyar Vah d AÀN>r Vah go grI
boVo h¢ d CgH$mo Á¶mXm bå~o g‘¶ VH$ AnZo ‘pñVîH$ ‘| YmaU aIVo h¢&
5.5.3 dmVmdaU go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
{Og àH$ma grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo {dÚmWu d {ejH$ à^m{dV H$aVo h¢, Cgr
àH$ma go dmVmdaU ^r à^m{dV H$aVm h¡ {Oggo gå~pÝYV H$maH$ {ZåZ àH$ma
h¢-
1. H$jm H$m AZwemgZ
{H$gr {dÚmb¶ ‘| H$jm H$m AZwemgZ BVZm A{YH$ hmoVm h¡ {H$ dhm± H$m¶moª ¶m
Aܶ¶Z Ho$ A{V[a³V Aݶ H$moB© ~mV| Zht H$s OmVr, Vmo H$ht BVZr A{YH$
AZwemgZhrZVm nm¶r OmVr h¡ {H$ dhm± H$m¶moª Ho$ Abmdm g^r ~mVm| H$mo ñWmZ
{X¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo ¶h XmoZm| hr pñW{V ghr Zht hmoVr& BZ XmoZm| pñW{V¶m| ‘|
Vmb‘ob ~¡R>m¶o OmZo na hr Ano{jV n[aUm‘ H$s àm{á hmoVr h¡&
2. {dÚmb¶ H$s pñW{V
~hþV go {dÚmb¶ Eogr OJh na h¢, Ohm± dmhZm| H$m emoa Á¶mXm ‘mÌm ‘| hmoVm
h¡ ¶m Hw$N> {dÚmb¶ Eogr OJh na hmoVo h¢, Ohm± na {ZaÝVa XþJ©ÝY AmVr ahVr
h¡& BZ XmoZm| hr pñW{V ‘| ~mbH$ ¶m {dÚm{W©¶m| H$m ܶmZ H$m¶moª H$mo grIZo ‘|
^§J hmoVm h¡& AV… {dÚmb¶ H$m {Z‘m©U Cn¶w³V OJh na hmoZm Mm{hE&
3. dmVmdaU
{H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo {gImZo ‘| dmVmdaU ~hþV hr Cn¶moJr {gÕ hmoVm h¡& ¶h
dmVmdaU nm[adm[aH$, gm‘m{OH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$ Am{X H$maH$m| go {Z{‘©V hmoVm h¡,
bo[H$Z BZ g~ ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© H$jm H$m dmVmdaU hmoVm h¡, Omo ~mbH$ H$mo Hw$N>
^r H$m¶© grIZo Ho$ {b¶o ào[aV H$aVm h¡&
4. nm[adm[aH$ dmVmdaU
H$jm H$m dmVmdaU hr ~mbH$ Ho$ {b¶o Amdí¶H$ Zht hmoVm, A{nVw n[adma H$m
dmVmdaU ^r Ah‘ hmoVm h¡& AJa {H$gr n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶m| Ho$ ~rM b‹S>mB©
-PJ‹So$ ahVo h¢, Vmo dhm± na nb aho ~ÀMm| na BgH$m grYm à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&
AV… ~mbH$m| H$mo Bg dmVmdaU go ~MmZo Ho$ {b¶o n[adma ‘| ñZohnyU© dmVmdaU
 àJʶ
hmoZm Mm{hE&
5. {df¶ gm‘J«r H$s àH¥${V
~mbH$m| H$mo H$moB© ^r H$m¶© {gImZo Ho$ {b¶o Eogr {df¶-gm‘J«r à¶w³V H$aZr
Mm{hE Omo dmVmdaU ‘| gwJ‘Vm go àmá hmo Om¶o& Eogr {df¶-gm‘J«r Ho$ gmW
{dÚm{W©¶m|§ H$mo Vmb-‘ob ¶m g‘PZo ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡&
6. ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ dmVmdaU
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$maH$m| ‘| {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ Amngr gh¶moJ H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm Am{X
AmVr h¡, {Oggo H$jm H$m dmVmdaU ghr ~Zm ahVm h¡& Eogo dmVmdaU ‘|
{dÚmWu {H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo AmgmZr go grI boVm h¡&
7. gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU
{dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo g^r g‘mO Ho$ ar{V-[admO, ‘mݶVmAm|, AmXemoª d ‘yë¶m| Am{X
H$mo g‘mZ ê$n go g‘PZo Ho$ {b¶o ào[aV H$aZm Mm{hE& {Oggo dh Amngr
‘V^oX H$mo ^ybH$a, Amngr gh¶moJ go kmZ àmá H$a, Hw$N> grI gH|$&
5.5.4 nmR²>¶dñVw go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| ‘| nmR²>¶dñVw go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
{ZåZ àH$ma go h¢-
1. nmR²>¶dñVw H$s àH¥${V
nmR²>¶dñVw H$s àH¥${V gab, ñnîQ> d g‘PZo ¶mo½¶ hmoZr Mm{hE, {Oggo g^r
{dÚmWu AmgmZr go Cgo g‘PH$a CgH$m Cn¶moJ H$a gH|$& ¶h àH¥${V g^r
{df¶m| Ho$ {b¶o AbJ-AbJ hmoZr Mm{hE& Vm{H$ à˶oH$ {df¶ H$mo gabVm go
g‘Pm Om gHo$&
2. nmR²>¶dñVw H$m {díbofU Ed§ g§íbofU
nmR²>¶dñVw H$m {díbofU d g§íbofU H$aZo go VmËn¶© nmR²>¶dñVw H$mo à˶¶m|,
{gÕmÝVm|, V϶m|, ^mfm, gm‘mݶrH$aU Am{X ‘| ~m±Q>Zo go h¡& Bg‘| ~m±Q>H$a
{dÚmWu AnZo CÔoí¶m| H$mo àmá H$a gH$Vm h¡ d Cg‘| CÝZ{V H$a gH$Vm h¡&
3. nmR²>¶dñVw H$m àmê$n
nmR²>¶dñVw H$m àmê$n gabVm go O{Q>bVm H$s Amoa hmoZm Mm{hE& Bg àH$ma
Ho$ àmê$n go {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo nmR²>¶dñVw H$mo g‘PZo ‘| gabVm ‘hgyg hmoVr
h¡, ³¶m|{H$ nhbo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo nmR²>¶dñVw go gå~pÝYV gab ~mVm| H$m kmZ
H$am¶m OmVm h¡, ~mX ‘| O{Q>b& Bg Vah go n‹T>mZo ‘| {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| nmR²>¶dñVw
Ho$ à{V ê${M CËnÝZ hmoZo bJVr h¡&
4. CÔoí¶m| H$m kmZ
{ejm Ho$ {H$gr ^r joÌ ‘|, {H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo grIZo go nhbo AܶmnH$ H$mo
CÔoí¶m| H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$a boZm Mm{hE& Bggo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$m CËgmh dY©Z hmoVm
h¡ Am¡a ¶h ^r nVm MbVm h¡ {H$ {H$g {dÚmWu Zo {H$VZr d H$hm± VH$ àJ{V H$s
h¡ Am¡a H$hm± na CgZo JbVr H$s h¡& ¶{X {dÚmWu CÔoí¶ àm{á ‘| H$ht JbVr
H$aVm h¡, Vmo AܶmnH$ H$mo Mm{hE {H$ dh {dÚmWu H$mo Xmo~mam go g‘PmH$a,
Cgo H$m¶© H$aZo ¶m grIZo Ho$ {b¶o ào[aV H$ao& Bg AmYma na dh AnZo bú¶
VH$ nhþ±M OmVm h¡ Am¡a Cgo gÝVmof H$s àm{á hmoVr h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 67
5. grIZo H$s {d{Y¶m±
{dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo Hw$ebVmnyd©H$ kmZ-àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o AܶmnH$ H$mo {df¶-
gm‘J«r go gå~pÝYV grIZo H$s {d{Y¶m| H$m kmZ hmoZm Mm{hE& ¶o {d{Y¶m±
O¡go- Iob {d{Y, {H«$¶m-{d{Y, H$aHo$ grIZo H$s {d{Y, ì¶m»¶mZ {d{Y Am{X
hmoVr h¡, {OZH$m à¶moJ ~mbH$ H$s ¶mo½¶Vm d ì¶dhma Ho$ AZwgma {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
6. CXmhaU àñVwVrH$aU
AܶmnH$ H$mo {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ g‘j {df¶ dñVw H$mo n‹T>mVo g‘¶ Cggo gå~pÝYV
Eogo CXmhaU àñVwV H$aZo Mm{hE, {Oggo {dÚmWu AmgmZr go nmR> H$mo g‘P
gHo$& BgH$m H«$‘ {d{eîQ> go gm‘mݶ H$s Amoa hmoZm Mm{hE&
7. Ñí¶ Ed§ lì¶ gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ
AܶmnH$ H$mo {H$gr à{H«$¶m ‘| gab d ñnîQ> ^mfm e¡br H$m à¶moJ H$aZm
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Mm{hE& H$ht H$ht na A{YH$ bå~o d H${R>Z eãX hmoVo h¢& BZ dm³¶m| d eãXm|
H$mo AܶmnH$ H$mo gab d AnZo eãXm| ‘| {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gm‘Zo àñVwV H$aZm
Mm{hE, {Oggo dh H${R>Z go H${R>Z V϶m| H$mo AmgmZr go g‘P gH|$&
5.5.5 A{YJ‘ ì¶dñWm go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
AmYw{ZH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo A{YJ‘ H$s Hw$N> AmYw{ZH$V‘ {d{Y¶m| H$mo kmV
{H$¶m h¡ {OZHo$ Ûmam {H$gr {df¶ H$mo gabVm, gwJ‘Vm d erK«Vm go grIm Om
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gH$Vm h¡& ¶o {d{Y¶m± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. gånyU© ~Zm‘ IÊS> {d{Y
Bg {d{Y Ho$ AmYma na {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s ñ‘aU ep³V ~‹T>Vr h¡& gånyU© {d{Y ‘|
{dÚmWu grIZo Ho$ nyao {Z¶‘m|, ~mVm| d eVmoª H$mo EH$ gmW hr ¶mX H$a boVm
h¡& O~{H$ IÊS> {d{Y ‘| nyao grIZo Ho$ {Z¶‘m| d ~mVm| H$mo N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o IÊS>m|
‘| {d^³V H$aHo$ EH$-EH$ IÊS> H$aHo$ {gIm¶m OmVm h¡& O¡go- {hÝXr H${dVm
H$mo grIZo ‘| gånyU© {d{Y bm^Xm¶H$ hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ {H$gr boI VWm gm{h˶
H$mo ¶mX H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o IÊS> {d{Y Cn¶moJr {gÕ hmoVr h¡&
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2. Cn{df¶ ~Zm‘ g§Ho$pÝж {d{Y
Cn{df¶ {d{Y ‘| {dÚmWu H$s Am¶w d ‘mZ{gH$ ñVa H$m ܶmZ aIH$a {H$gr
H$m¶© H$mo Ho$db EH$ ~ma ‘| {gIm¶m OmVm h¡, O~{H$ g§Ho$pÝж {d{Y ‘§o {H$gr
H$m¶© H$mo Ho$db EH$ ^mJ ‘o§ {gIm¶m Zhr§ Om gH$Vm&
3. Am¶mo{OV ~Zm‘ àmg§{JH$ {d{Y
àmg§{JH$ {d{Y ‘| {H$gr EH$ {df¶ H$mo Ho$ÝÐ ‘mZH$a Cgo {dÚmWu H$mo {gIm¶m
OmVm h¢ Bg {df¶ ¶m {H«$¶m H$mo {gImVo g‘¶ dh Aݶ {Z¶‘ ¶m ~mV| ^r
AH$ñ‘mV² ¶m AMmZH$ hr {gIm {X¶o OmVo h¢, O~{H$ AܶmnH$ Zo Bgo {gImZo
Ho$ {b¶o H$moB© {deof ¶moOZm Zht ~Zm¶r hmoVr h¡, {’$a ^r dh {dÚmWu H$mo {df¶
kmZ ^br-^m±{V Xo nmVm h¡& Bg {d{Y ‘| kmZ H$mo EH$ BH$mB© ‘mZm OmVm h¡&
O~{H$ Am¶mo{OV {d{Y ‘| AܶmnH$ Ûmam grIZo H$m à˶oH$ MaU nhbo go hr
{ZpíMV ¶m {Z¶{‘V H$a {b¶m OmVm h¡ d {ZpíMV CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á Ho$ {b¶o
H$m¶© {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
4. g§H${bV ~Zm‘ {dV[aV {d{Y
O~ {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo EH$ hr gÌ ‘| {~Zm {H$gr {dam‘ Ho$ nyU© H$a XoVo h¢, Vmo Cgo
 n¥îR> 68 A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
g§H${bV {d{Y H$hVo h¢& {dV[aV {d{Y ‘| H$m¶moª ¶m {df¶-dñVw ‘o§ AÝVamb
aIH$a nyU© H$s OmVr h¡& g§H${bV {d{Y ‘| ~mbH$ H$s grIZo Ho$ à{V ê${M
~Zr ahVr h¡& {dV[aV {d{Y ‘| grIZo ‘| WH$mdQ> Zht hmoVr d grIm J¶m kmZ
bå~r Ad{Y VH$ ‘pñVîH$ ‘| ñWm¶r ê$n go ~Zm ahVm h¡&
5. g{H«$¶ ~Zm‘ {ZpîH«$¶ {d{Y
g{H«$¶ {d{Y ‘§o {dÚmWu {H$gr {df¶ ¶m H$m¶moª Ho$ {Z¶‘m| H$mo Omoa-Omoa go
¶m Yrao-Yrao ~mobH$a ¶mX H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡, O~{H$ {ZpîH«$¶ {d{Y
‘| {dÚmWu {df¶ go gå~pÝYV {Z¶‘m| d eVmoª H$mo ‘Z hr ‘Z n‹T>H$a H§$R>ñW
H$aVm h¡& Bg‘| g{H«$¶ {d{Y Ûmam àmá {H$¶m J¶m kmZ Á¶mXm g‘¶ VH$
‘pñVîH$ ‘| pñWa ahVm h¡&
5.5.6 ‘mZd Ed§ ^m¡{VH$ g§gmYZm| go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
{dÚmWu H$mo AnZo ì¶dhma ‘| Ano{jV n[adV©Z bmZo Ho$ {b¶o g^r CnbãY
g§gmYZm| d òmoVm| go {‘bZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm ahVr h¡& ¶o g§gmYZ Xmo àH$ma
Ho$ hmoVo h¢-
1. ‘mZd g§gmYZ
2. ^m¡{VH$ g§gmYZ
BZ XmoZm| go Ow‹S>o hþE H$maH$ Omo A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢,
{ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. Cn¶w³V AܶmnH$
{H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo grIZo ¶m {df¶ Ho$ kmZ ‘| AܶmnH$ H$s ‘w»¶ ^y{‘H$m hmoVr
h¡& AV… AܶmnH$ ‘| {OVZm A{YH$ {df¶ dñVw gå~ÝYr Hw$ebVm, àdrUVm,
AZw^d, kmZ hmoVm h¡ dh CVZr hr AÀN>r Vah go {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo [gIm nmVm
h¡, {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n AܶmnH$ d {dÚmWu XmoZm| H$mo g’$bVm àmá hmoVr h¡&
2. gm‘m{OH$ òmoV ¶m g§gmYZ
grIZo Ho$ g‘¶ {H$g àH$ma H$m gm‘m{OH$ g§gmYZ {ejU H$m¶© H$mo R>rH$
àH$ma go nyam H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o H$jm, {dÚmb¶ d Aݶ grIZo H$s n[apñW{V¶m| ‘|
àmá hmoVo h¢ CVZr hr AÀN>r Vah go grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$m g§MmbZ {H$¶m Om
gHo$Jm& AV… Ohm± AܶmnH$ d {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| Á¶mXm AÝV{H©$¶m hmoVr h¡, dhm±
grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m Á¶mXm g’$b d Á¶mXm ‘mÌm ‘| hmoVr h¡&
3. C{MV A{YJ‘ gm‘J«r d gw{dYmAm| H$mo àmá H$aZm
O~ {dÚmWu H$mo H$moB© ^r H$m¶© {gIm¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a Cggo gå~pÝYV gmar
{df¶ gm‘J«r ¶m Cn¶w³V gm‘J«r AܶmnH$ Ho$ nmg ‘m¡OyX hmoVr h¡, Vmo ¶h
‘m¡OyXJr grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ghm¶Vm CËnÝZ H$aVr h¡& O¡go- {dkmZ {df¶
n‹T>Zo Ho$ {b¶o Cggo gå~pÝYV nmR²>¶-nwñVH$, {bIZo-n‹T>Zo H$s gm‘J«r,
nwñVH$mb¶ d à¶moJembm gå~ÝYr gw{dYm¶| Am{X àmá hmoVr h¢, Vmo Bggo
{dÚmWu H$mo {dkmZ {df¶ n‹T>Zo ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡&
4. g‘w{MV n[apñW{V¶m±
grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ~hþV-gr n[apñW{V¶m± hmoVr h¢, Omo H$m¶moª H$mo {gImZo
Ho$ {b¶o A{V Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡& O¡go- grIZo Ho$ g‘¶ ~¡R>Zo H$s g‘w{MV
ì¶dñWm H$aZm, empÝVnyU© dmVmdaU CËnÝZ H$aZm, ñdmñ϶ gå~ÝYr kmZ,
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
AܶmnH$ H$m {Zînj ì¶dhma Am{X& AJa grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| g‘w{MV
n[apñW{V¶m± CËnÝZ Zht H$s OmVr h¡§, Vmo BgH$m {dnarV Aga n‹S>Vm h¡&
5.6 A{YJ‘ H$s à^mdembr {d{Y¶m±
{H$gr ^r ZB© {H«$¶m ¶m Z¶o nmR> H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo {d{^ÝZ
{d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m h¡& h‘ CZ‘| go Ho$db CÝht {d{Y¶m| H$m dU©Z H$a aho
h¢, {OZH$mo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ à¶moJm| Ho$ AmYma na ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo A{YH$ Cn¶moJr
Am¡a à^mdembr nm¶m h¡& ¶o {d{Y¶m± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. H$aHo$ grIZm
S>m. ‘og H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ ñ‘¥{V H$m ñWmZ ‘pñVîH$ ‘| Zht, daZ² eara Ho$
Ad¶dm| ‘| h¡& ¶hr H$maU h¡ {H$ h‘ H$aHo$ grIVo h¢& ~mbH$ {Og H$m¶© H$mo
ñd¶§ H$aVo h¢, Cgo do OëXr grIVo h¢& H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ Cgo H$aZo ‘| do CgHo$
CÔoí¶ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo h¢, CgH$mo H$aZo H$s ¶moOZm ~ZmVo h¢ Am¡a ¶moOZm H$mo
nyU© H$aVo h¢& {’$a, do ¶h XoIVo h¢ {H$ CZHo$ à¶mg g’$b hþE h¢ ¶m Zht& ¶{X
Zht, Vmo do AnZr Jb{V¶m| H$mo ‘mby‘ H$aHo$, CZ‘| gwYma H$aZo H$m à¶ËZ
H$aVo h¢&
2. {ZarjU H$aHo$ grIZm
¶moH$‘ Ed§ {gångZ Zo {bIm h¡ {H$ {ZarjU-gyMZm àmßV H$aZo, AmYma
gm‘J«r EH$Ì H$aZo Am¡a dñVwAm| VWm KQ>ZmAm| Ho$ ~ma ‘| ghr {dMma àmá H$aZo
H$m gmYZ h¡& ~mbH$ {Og dñVw H$m {ZarjU H$aVo h¢, CgHo$ ~mao ‘| do OëXr
Am¡a ñWm¶r ê$n go grIVo h¢& BgH$m H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ {ZarjU H$aVo g‘¶ do
Cg dñVw H$mo Ny>Vo h¡ ¶m à¶moJ H$aVo h¢ ¶m CgHo$ ~mao ‘| ~mVMrV H$aVo h¢& Bg
àH$ma, do AnZr EH$ go A{YH$ BpÝжm| H$m à¶moJ H$aVo h¢& ’$bñdê$n, CZHo$
ñ‘¥{V-nQ>b na Cg dñVw H$m ñnîQ> {MÌ A§{H$V hmo OmVm h¡&
3. narjU H$aHo$ grIZm
ZB© ~mVm| H$s ImoO H$aZm, EH$ àH$ma H$m grIZm h¡& ~mbH$ Bg ImoO H$mo
narjU Ûmam H$a gH$Vm h¡& narjU Ho$ ~mX dh {H$gr {ZîH$f© na nhþ±MVm h¡&
Bg àH$ma, dh {OZ ~mVm| H$mo grIVm h¡, do CgHo$ kmZ H$m A{^ÝZ A§J hmo
OmVr h¢, CXmhaUmW©, dh Bg ~mV H$m narjU H$a gH$Vm h¡ {H$ J‘u H$m R>mog
Am¡a Vab nXmWmoª na ³¶m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& dh Bg ~mV H$mo nwñVH$ ‘| n‹T>H$a
^r grI gH$Vm h¡& na ¶h grIZm CVZm ‘hÎdnyU© Zht hmoVm h¡, {OVZm {H$
ñd¶§ narjU H$aHo$ grIZm&
4. gm‘y{hH$ {d[Y¶m| Ûmam grIZm
grIZo H$m H$m¶©-ì¶p³VJV Am¡a gm‘y{hH$ {d{Y¶m| Ûmam hmoVm h¡& BZ XmoZm| ‘|
gm‘y{hH$ {d{Y¶m| H$mo A{YH$ Cn¶moJr Am¡a à^mdembr ‘mZm OmVm h¡& BZHo$
gå~ÝY ‘| H$mobog{ZH$ H$s YmaUm Bg àH$ma h¡-
~mbH$ H$mo àoaUm àXmZ H$aZo, Cgo e¡{jH$ bú¶ H$mo àmá H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm XoZo,
CgHo$ ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ H$mo CÎm‘ ~ZmZo, CgHo$ gm‘m{OH$ g‘m¶moOZ H$mo AZwàm{UV
H$aZo, CgHo$ ì¶dhma ‘| gwYma H$aZo Am¡a Cg‘| AmË‘{Z^©aVm VWm gh¶moJ H$s
^mdZmAm| H$m {dH$mg H$aZo Ho$ {bE ì¶p³VJV {d{Y¶m| H$s VwbZm ‘| gm‘y{hH$ {d{Y¶m±
H$ht A{YH$ à^mdembr h¢&
 àJʶ
‘w»¶ gm‘y{hH$ {d{Y¶m± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. dmX-{ddmX {d{Y- Bg {d{Y ‘| à˶oH$ N>mÌ H$mo AnZo {dMma
춳V H$aZo Am¡a àíZ nyN>Zo H$m Adga {X¶m OmVm h¡&
2. dH©$em°n {d{Y- Bg {d{Y ‘| {d{^ÝZ {df¶m| na g^mAm| H$m
Am¶moOZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a BZ {df¶m| Ho$ ha nhby H$m N>mÌm| Ûmam
Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
3. gå‘obZ d {dMma-JmoîR>r {d{Y¶m±- BZ {d{Y¶m| ‘| go {H$gr {deof
{df¶ na N>mÌm| Ûmam {dMma-{d{Z‘¶ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
4. àmoOo³Q>, S>mëQ>Z d ~o{gH$ {d{Y¶m±- BZ AmYw{ZH$ {d{Y¶m| ‘|
ì¶p³VJV Am¡a gm‘y{hH$- XmoZm| àH$ma Ho$ àoaH$m| H$m ñWmZ hmoVm h¡&
à˶oH$ N>mÌ AnZr ì¶p³VJV ê${M, kmZ Am¡a j‘Vm Ho$ AZwgma
ñdVÝÌ ê$n go H$m¶© H$aVm h¡, {Oggo CgH$m grIZo H$m H$m¶© gab
hmo OmVm h¡& BgHo$ A{V[a³V, gm‘y{hH$ ê$n go H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ H$maU
Cg‘| ñnYm©, gh¶moJ Am¡a ghmZw^y{V H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
5. {‘{lV {d{Y Ûmam grIZm
grIZo H$s Xmo ‘hÎdnyU© {d{Y¶m± h¢- nyU© {d{Y Am¡a Am§[eH$ {d{Y& nhbr {d{Y
‘| N>mÌm| H$mo nhbo nmR²>¶-{df¶ H$m nyU© kmZ {X¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a [’$a CgHo$
{d{^ÝZ A§Jm| ‘| gå~ÝY ñWm{nV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Xÿgar {d{Y ‘o§ nmR²>¶-{df¶
H$mo IÊS>m| ‘| ~m±Q> {X¶m OmVm h¡& AmYw{ZH$ {dMmaYmam Ho$ AZwgma BZ XmoZm|
{d{Y¶m| H$mo {‘bmH$a grIZo Ho$ {bE {‘{lV {d{Y H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
6. grIZo H$s pñW{V H$m g§JR>Z
grIZo Ho$ H$m¶© H$mo gab Am¡a g’$b ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE g~go A{YH$ Amdí¶H$Vm
h¡- grIZo H$s pñW{V H$m g§JR>Z& ¶h V^r gå^d hmo gH$Vm h¡, O~ {dÚmb¶
H$m {Z‘m©U Bg àH$ma {H$¶m OmE {H$ Cg‘| grIZo H$s g^r {H«$¶mE± CnbãY
hm| Am¡a grIZo H$s g^r {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmE&
grIZo H$s ¶o g^r {d{Y¶m± ì¶[³V Ho$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ na AmYm[aV h¡& BZ
{d{Y¶m| Ho$ à¶moJ go A{YJ‘ VWm {ejU, XmoZm| hr à^mdembr hmo OmVo h¢&
5.7 A{YJ‘ Ho$ àH$ma
A{YJ‘ Ho$ àH$ma Ho$ AÝVJ©V {H$Z-{H$Z ê$nm| ‘| A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m hmoVr
h¡, CgH$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo Bgo {ZåZ{b{IV ^mJm| ‘|
{d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡-
1. à¶ËZ Am¡a ^yb Ûmam grIZm
O~ ì¶p³V {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE {ZaÝVa à¶mg H$aVm h¡, Vmo dh
AnZo Bg à¶mg ‘| AZoH$ ^ybo ^r H$aVm h¡, bo{H$Z Yrao-Yrao ^ybm| ‘| H$‘r
AmVr OmVr h¡ Am¡a AÝVV… dh {~Zm ^yb {H$E Cg {H«$¶m H$mo ghr T>§J go H$aZm
grI boVm h¢ Bg àH$ma Ho$ grIZo H$mo à¶ËZ Am¡a ^yb Ûmam grIZm H$hVo h¢&
2. gå~Õ à˶mdV©Z A{YJ‘
O~ ì¶p³V H$s {H$gr AZw{H«$¶m H$m gå~ÝY {H$gr CÔrnH$ go hmo OmVm h¡,
{OgH$mo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ^mfm ‘| CÔrnH$ VWm AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ ~rM gå~Õ à˶mdV©Z
H$hVo h¢& Bg àH$ma grIZo H$mo gå~Õ à˶mdV©Z A{YJ‘ H$hm OmVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 69
3. gyP-~yP Ûmam A{YJ‘
O~ ì¶p³V {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m gyú‘ {ZarjU H$aHo$ CgH$m g‘mYmZ H$aVm h¡,
Vmo Cgo gyPnyU© A{YJ‘ H$hm OmVm h¡&
4. AZwH$aUmË‘H$ A{YJ‘
O~ ‘Zwî¶ AZwH$ê$U Ûmam grIVm h¡ Vmo Cgo AZwH$aUmË‘H$ A{YJ‘ H$hm
OmVm h¡& ¶h newAm| ‘§o A{YH$ nm¶m OmVm h¡& ~mbH$m| ‘| ^r AZwH$aU go grIZo
H$s àd¥{Îm A{YH$ nmB© OmVr h¡&
5. kmZopÝжm| Ûmam A{YJ‘
~mbH$ kmZopÝжm| go XoI, gwZ VWm AZw^d H$aHo$ ~hþV gr ~mVm| H$mo grIVm
h¡& {H$gr H$mo Hw$N> H$aVo XoIH$a h‘ ^r d¡gm H$aZo bJVo h¢ ¶m gwZH$a d¡gm
H$aZo bJVo h¢& O¡go-MbZm-{’$aZm, ~mobZm, {MÌ ~ZmZm, ¶m{ÝÌH$ H$m¶©
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Am{X& Bg àH$ma Ho$ grIZo H$mo kmZo{Ýжm| Ûmam A{YJ‘ AWdm g§doXZ J{V
gå~ÝYr A{YJ‘ H$hm OmVm h¡&
6. ~w{Õ go A{YJ‘
~m¡{ÕH$ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ Ûmam grIZo H$mo ~w{Õ go grIZm H$hm OmVm h¡& O¡go
J{UVr¶ kmZ, VH©$, {Z~ÝY boIZ Am{X A{YJ‘& ~w{Õ go grIZo Ho$ Xmo à‘wI
ê$n h¡-
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1. à˶jrH$aU Ûmam grIZm
2. gåà˶¶ Ûmam grIZm
{H$gr dñVw H$m à˶jrH$aU nyU©ê$noU H$aHo$ ~w{Õ Ho$ à¶moJ go grIZo
H$mo à˶jrH$aU Ûmam grIZm H$hm OmVm h¡& {H$gr dñVw H$mo XoIH$a CgHo$
gå~ÝY ‘| EH$ YmaUm ~ZmH$a O~ A{YJ‘ H$aVm h¡, Vmo Cgo gåà˶¶ Ûmam
grIZm H$hm OmVm h¡&
7. gmhM¶© Ûmam A{YJ‘
¶h ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V Ho$ Ûmam grIZo H$m àH$ma h¡ Bg‘| à{V‘mAm| Am¡a à˶¶m|
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H$mo ‘mZ{gH$ nQ>b na bm¶m OmVm h¡ VWm CgHo$ n[aàoú¶ ‘| nyd© J«hU H$s JB©
à{V‘mAm| VWm à˶¶m| H$mo Xmoham¶m OmVm h¡& O¡go-{H$gr KQ>Zm H$m dU©Z H$aZo
na Cgo {H$gr nyd© gå~pÝYV KQ>Zm go Omo‹S>Zo VWm AZw^dm| H$mo J«hU H$aZo H$m
à¶ËZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ¶hr gmhM¶© Ûmam A{YJ‘ H$hm OmVm h¡&
8. emar[aH$ A§Jm| go A{YJ‘
‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m| Ho$ g{H«$¶ Z hmoZo na ì¶p³V emar[aH$ A§Jm| Ho$ Ûmam grIZo
H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡& O¡go- EH$ {eew amoH$a VWm n¡a {hbmH$a ¶h ~VmZo H$m
à¶mg H$aVm h¡ {H$ dh ^yIm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$m A{YJ‘ emar[aH$ A§Jm| Ûmam
A{YJ‘ H$hm OmVm h¡&
9. A{^d¥{Îm Ûmam A{YJ‘
A{^d¥{Îm Ûmam A{YJ‘ ‘| A{^d¥{Îm {H$gr ì¶p³V, dñVw, {H«$¶m Ho$ à{V EH$
{ZpíMV YmaUm hmoVr h¡& dmVmdaU Ûmam ì¶p³V, dñVw VWm {H«$¶m CÔrnH$ Ho$
ê$n ‘| àñVwV hmoVo h¢& Cg CÔrnH$ Ho$ à{V h‘ EH$ {ZpíMV YmaUm ~Zm boVo
h¡& ¶h YmaUm ~ZmZm hr A{YJ‘ h¡& Bg àH$ma A{^d¥{Îm Ûmam A{YJ‘ hmoVm h¡&
10. àoaUm Ûmam A{YJ‘
àoaUm Ûmam A{YJ‘ H$mo g§doJmË‘H$ A{YJ‘ H$hm OmVm h¡& àoaUm¶| ~mbH$ Ho$
 n¥îR> 70 A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
AÝV…H$aU H$mo ào[aV H$aVr h¢ {Oggo ‘Zwî¶ H$mo grIZo ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr
h¡& O¡go- ñdV§ÌVm {Xdg na ñd§VÌVm-g§J«m‘ Ho$ Ñí¶m| H$mo àñVwV H$aZo go
h‘mao AÝV…H$aU BZgo ào[aV hmoVo h¢ VWm h‘mao AÝXa Xoe-^p³V H$s ^mdZm
{dH${gV hmoVr h¡& ¶h Xoe-^p³V H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg g§doJ Ûmam A{YJ‘
H$hm OmVm h¡& AV… àoaUm Ûmam A{YJ‘ A˶ÝV ‘hÎdnyU© h¡&
11. JwUm§H$Z Ûmam A{YJ‘
O~ h‘ {H$gr dñVw Ho$ ‘yë¶m| VWm JwUm| H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVo h¢ VWm BZgo à^m{dV
hmoH$a CgH$mo J«hU H$a boVo h¢, Vmo Cgo JwUm§H$Z Ûmam grIZm H$hm OmVm h¡&
5.8 A{YJ‘ Ho$ A{Y{Z¶‘
A{YJ‘ Ho$ A{Y{Z¶‘m| H$m {dH$mg A{YJ‘ Ho$ à‘wI VrZ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$
g‘yhm| go {H$¶m J¶m h¡& A{YJ‘ Ho$ à‘wI {Z¶‘ {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
5.8.1 A{YJ‘ Ho$ A{Y{Z¶‘ Omo CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m A{YJ‘
{gÕmÝVm| go {dH${gV {H$¶o J¶o h¢
1. N>mÌ H$mo {H«$¶merb ahZm Mm{hE VWm H$aHo$ grIZm A{YH$
à^mdembr hmoVm h¡&
2. A{YJ‘ ‘| Aä¶mg H$s nwZamd¥{Îm A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVr h¡& Bgo
Aä¶mg H$m {Z¶‘ H$hVo h¢&
3. A{YJ‘ ‘| nwZ~©bZ ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡& dm§{N>V ì¶dhmam| Ho$ {b¶o
YZmË‘H$ nwZ~©bZ VWm Adm§{N>V ì¶dhmam| Ho$ {b¶o G$UmË‘H$
nwZ~©bZ ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡&
4. à˶¶ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {b¶o g‘mOrH$aU VWm {d^oXrH$aU A{YH$
‘hÎdnyU© hmoVo h¢&
5. ZdrZ ì¶dhma H$mo grIZo ‘| N>mÌm| H$s A{YH$ ê${M hmoVr h¡& N>mÌ
AZwH$aU go OëXr grIVo h¢&
6. Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s gÝVwpîQ> H$aZo go N>mÌ OëXr grIVo h¢, ³¶m|{H$
Amdí¶H$VmE± VZmd CËnÝZ H$aVr h¢ Am¡a N>mÌ VZmd H$mo H$‘
H$aZm MmhVm h¡&
7. {Zamem Am¡a VZmd H$s pñW{V ^r A{YJ‘ ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVr h¡&
5.8.2 gyP Ho$ A{YJ‘ A{Y{Z¶‘ Omo kmZmË‘H$ {gÕmÝV go
{dH${gV {H$¶o J¶o h¢
1. à˶jrH$aU H$s {deofVm¶|, {H$gHo$ ~mX {H$gH$m AZwgaU hmoVm h¡&
2. {ejH$ Ho$ {b¶o kmZ H$m g§JR>Z H$aZm {ZVmÝV Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡&
3. A{YJ‘ ~moYJå¶Vm Ho$ gmW A{YH$ ñWm¶r hmoVm h¡ VWm CgH$m
àgmaU ^r A{YH$ à^mdembr hmoVm h¡&
4. ghr kmZ H$s nwpîQ>, kmZmË‘H$ nw[îQ>nmofU àXmZ H$aVr h¡&
5. N>mÌ Ho$ {b¶o bú¶ {ZYm©aU, CgHo$ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {b¶o àoaUm àXmZ
H$aVo h¢&
6. {dHo$ÝÐrH$aU {MÝVZ g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ {b¶o {Xem àXmZ
H$aZm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
5.8.3 A[YJ‘ Ho$ A{Y{Z¶‘ Omo A{^àoaU VWm ì¶p³VËd Ho$
{gÕmÝVm| go {dH${gV {H$¶o J¶o h¢
1. A{YJ‘ ‘| N>mÌ H$s ¶mo½¶Vm¶| ‘hÎdnyU© H$m¶© H$aVr h¢&
2. d§emZwH«$‘ ^r N>mÌ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© H$m¶© H$aVm h¡&
3. A{YJ‘ gm§ñH¥${VH$ ÑpîQ> go gmno{jH$ à˶j hmoVm h¡&
4. A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m Ho$ {b¶o N>mÌ H$m CËgwH$Vm ñVa {ZYm©[aV H$aZm
hmoVm h¡&
5. à˶oH$ N>mÌ Ho$ àoaH$ KQ>H$ ^r Xÿgam| go {^ÝZ hmoVo h¢&
6. N>mÌ Ho$ àoaH$ VWm ‘yë¶m| H$m g§JR>Z H$aZm ^r ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡&
7. gm‘y{hH$ dmVmdaU ^r A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m Ho$ {b¶o ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡&
¶h A{YJ‘ {Z¶‘, {ejU Ho$ {Z¶‘m| Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE A{YH$
‘hÎdnyU© VWm ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢&
5.9 A{YJ‘ H$mo gab ~ZmZo dmbo H$maH$
A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| Ho$ A{V[aº Hw$N> H$maH$ Eogo h¢, Omo
A{YJ‘ H$mo gab ~ZmVo h¢& BZ H$maH$m| H$s MMm© àmo. ~Zm©S>© Zo AnZr nwñVH$
‘| H$s h¡, Omo {H$ AܶmnH$m| Ho$ {bE A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡-
1. A{YJ‘ Ho$ CÔoí¶m| H$m ñnîQ>rH$aU
¶{X A{YJ‘ Ho$ CÔoí¶ ì¶p³V H$mo ñnîQ> h¢ Am¡a dh CZ CÔoí¶m| H$mo ñdrH$ma
H$aVm h¡, Vmo A{YJ‘ CgHo$ {bE gab hmo OmVm h¡& CÔoí¶ grIZo dmbo Ho$
{bE bú¶ ~Z OmVo h¡ Am¡a dh CZ bú¶m| H$s àm{á Ho$ {bE à¶ËZ Amaå^
H$a XoVm h¡&
2. A{YJ‘ H$m g§H$ën
N>mÌ Ûmam grIZo H$m g§H$ën H$a boZo na A{YJ‘ gab, Vrd« Am¡a ñWm¶r
hmo OmVm h¡& N>mÌm| H$mo O~ ¶h kmV hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ CZgo ³¶m Anojm H$s Om
ahr h¡, V~ CÔoí¶ {ZpíMV hmo OmVo h¢ ¶m n[aUm‘m| Ho$ n[ab{jV hmo OmZo na
A{YJ‘ gab hmo OmVm h¡& Eogr pñW{V ‘| N>mÌ grIZo Ho$ {bE JhZ à¶ËZ
Amaå^ H$a XoVm h¡ Am¡a VmËH$m{bH$ H$m¶© na A{YH$ ܶmZ Ho$[ÝÐV H$aZo
bJVm h¡&
3. {dV[aV à¶ËZ
A{YJ‘ H$s {H«$¶m bJmVma Zht MbZr Mm{hE& EH$ H$m¶© H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE
Omo à¶ËZ {H$¶o Om¶|, CZHo$ ‘ܶ Hw$N> AÝVa Adí¶ aIZm Mm{hE, CXmhaU
Ho$ {bE, EH$ g§JrV Ho$ ¶ÝÌ H$mo ~OmZm grIZo Ho$ {bE EH$ hr {XZ bJmVma
7 KÊQ>m| VH$ Aä¶mg H$aZo H$s Anojm Xmo gámh VH$ à{V{XZ AmYm KÊQ>m
Aä¶mg H$admZo go grIZm A{YH$ gab Am¡a ñWm¶r hmoJm& BgH$m H$maU ¶h
h¡ {H$ bå~r Ad{Y H$s Anojm bKw Ad{Y ‘| ܶmZ H$mo A{YH$ Ho$pÝÐV {H$¶m Om
gH$Vm h¡& gmW hr bå~r Ad{Y dmbo Aä¶mg ‘| Ìw{Q>¶m| H$s nwZamd¥{Îm H$s ^r
gå^mdZm ahVr h¡& AVEd {dÚmb¶ ‘| H$mbm§e A{YH$ bå~o Zht hmoZo Mm{hE
Am¡a Z EH$ {df¶ Ho$ bJmVma Xmo ¶m VrZ hmoZo Mm{hE&
4. g‘J« A{YJ‘ Am¡a IÊS> A{YJ‘
{H$gr H${dVm H$mo AmÚmonmÝV EH$ gmW hr ¶mX H$aZm g‘J« A{YJ‘ H$s {d{Y
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 71

H$hbmVr h¡ Am¡a ¶{X EH$ H${dVm H$mo EH$-EH$ nX H$aHo$ ¶mX {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Vmo
¶h IÊS> A{YJ‘ {d{Y H$hbmVr h¡& {H$gr {df¶ H$mo H$ÊR>ñW H$aZo ‘| g‘J«
Aä¶mgmW© àíZ
{d{Y AnZmZr Mm{hE& Bggo g‘¶ H$s ~MV hmoVr h¡& Hw$emJ«-~w{Õ dmbo N>mÌm|
H$mo g‘J« {d{Y go hr grIZm gab hmoVm h¡, {H$ÝVw Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ Aܶ¶Z
BH$mB© Ho$ AmH$ma na {Z^©a H$aoJm& ¶h gå^d Zht h¡ {H$ gånyU© nwñVH$ H$mo 1. ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s ÑpîQ> go grIZo H$m AW© h¡-
N>mÌ gånyU© {d{Y go ¶mX H$a bo& (1) {df¶-dñVw H$m kmZ
(2) {df¶-dñVw H$mo aQ> boZm
5. àJ{V H$m kmZ H$aZm (3) ì¶dhma ‘| dm§{N>V n[adV©Z AmZm
¶{X N>mÌm| H$mo CZH$s àJ{V go AdJV H$am¶m Om¶o Vmo A{YJ‘ gab hmo OmVm (4) ì¶dhma ‘| gwYma
h¡& àJ{V Ho$ kmZ go N>mÌ AnZo à¶ËZm| Ho$ n[aUm‘ H$m narjU H$aZo Ho$ ¶mo½¶
~ZVm h¡ Am¡a BgHo$ AmYma na CgH$mo AnZr Ìw{Q>¶m| H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡& ZmBQ> 2. A{YJ‘ H$m AW© h¡-
Zo EH$ à¶moJ {H$¶m, N>mÌm| Ho$ Xmo g‘wXm¶ ~Zm¶o Am¡a XmoZm| H$mo 20 KÊQ>o J{UV (1) ~m¡{ÕH$ kmZ

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n‹T>m¶m& EH$ g‘yh Ho$ N>mÌm| H$s àJ{V H$m AmboI aIm J¶m VWm CZH$mo àJ{V (2) ^mfm H$m ewÕ kmZ
(3) ì¶p³VËd H$m gdmªJrU {dH$mg
go AdJV ^r H$am¶m J¶m& Xÿgao g‘yh H$mo àJ{V H$m kmZ Zht H$adm¶m J¶m&
(4) ~ÀMm| H$mo n‹T>mZm
BgH$m n[aUm‘ ¶h ahm {H$ àJ{V go AdJV g‘yh Zo Xÿgao g‘yh go 12 à{VeV
àJ{V A{YH$ H$s& àJ{V H$m kmZ N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE àoaH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| hmoVm h¡& 3. grIZm go ³¶m VmËn¶© hmoVm h¡?
AܶmnH$m| H$mo H$jm Ho$ à˶oH$ N>mÌ H$s àJ{V H$m MmQ>© ~ZmZm Mm{hE& (1) ‘Zmod¥{V ‘| n[adV©Z
(2) ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z
6. ànmR>
(3) ì¶dhma ‘| AnojmH¥$V ñWm¶r n[adV©Z
{H$gr ¶mX H$s JB© {df¶-gm‘J«r H$m ànmR> ^r grIZo H$mo gab ~Zm XoVm h¡&
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(4) AZw^y{V ‘| n[adV©Z

ànmR> CÀM ñda ¶m {~Zm Üd{Z XmoZm| ê$nm| ‘| hmo gH$Vm h¡& ànmR> ¶mX H$s JB©
gm‘J«r H$mo bå~r Ad{Y VH$ ñ‘aU aIZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm h¡& ànmR> ^r grIZo 4. A{YJ‘ H$s àH¥${V h¡-
H$s EH$ {H«$¶m h¡& ànmR> go VmËn¶© Ho$db nwZJ©R>Z go Zht h¡ ~pëH$ ànmR> go (1) V˶mË‘H$Vm (2) JwU-Xmof {ddoMZ
VmËn¶© {df¶-gm‘J«r H$mo ZdrZ ê$n XoZm, ZdrZ n[apñW{V ‘| à¶moJ ‘| bmZm, (3) ~m¡{ÕH$Vm (4) ¶o g^r
{d{^ÝZ ÑpîQ>H$moU go XoIZm h¡& AܶmnH$ H$mo ànmR> go VmËn¶© nwZH©$WZ go Z
5. ϶moarO Am°’$ b{ZªJ Zm‘H$ nwñVH$ Ho$ boIH$ h¢-
boH$a ZdrZ n[apñÏm{V¶m| ‘| gyMZmAm| Ho$ nwZ… Cn¶moJ go boZm Mm{hE& (1) {ñH$Za (2) Wm°Z©S>mBH$
7. nwZñ‘©aU (3) {hbJmS>© (4) ’«¢$S>gZ
A{YJ‘ H$s {H«$¶m H$mo nwZñ‘©aU A{YH$ gab ~Zm XoVm h¡& grIVo g‘¶
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6. grIZm {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m h¡& ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡?

nwZñ‘©aU go N>mÌ H$mo Ìw{Q>¶m| Ed§ H${R>ZmB¶m| H$m VwaÝV kmZ hmo OmVm h¡& Bggo
(1) JoQ²>g (2) dwS>dW©
gm‘J«r H$mo à¶moJ ‘| bmZo H$m Aä¶mg hmoVm h¡& AܶmnH$ H$mo nwZñ‘©aU H$m (3) {ñH$Za (4) H$mohba
Cn¶moJ grIZo H$s {H«$¶m ‘| H$aZm Mm{hE& N>mÌm| H$mo VmËH$m{bH$ g‘ñ¶m Ho$
g‘mYmZ ‘| nyd© kmZ Ho$ Cn¶moJ Ho$ {bE àmoËgm[hV H$aZm Mm{hE& 7. ~ÀMm| Ho$ {bE grIZm-
(1) gÝVmof‘¶ hmoVm h¡&
************** (2) H${R>Z hmoVm h¡&
AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AܶmnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB© H$a aho h¢ Vmo (3) Iob Iob ‘| hmoVm h¡&
Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr H$jm Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| (4) ha Vah H$m hmoVm h¡&
Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu
{‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|& 8. ~mbH$m| ‘| A{YJ‘-
UPTET - 95301 43210 (1) kmZ H$mo aQ>Zo go hmoVm h¡&
MP Samvida - 95302 43210 (2) nmR²>¶nwñVH$ H$mo n‹T>Zo go hmoVm h¡&
BTET - 95302 43210
UTET - 72209 29294 (3) {ejH$ Ûmam kmZ Ho$ ñWmZmÝVaU Ûmam hmoVm h¡&
JTET - 72209 29239 (4) {H«$¶m H$aHo$ hmoVm h¡&
HTET - 72209 29266
CGTET - 72209 28969
HPTET - 72209 28535 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$ nong©, ‘m°S>b (3) (3) (3) (4) (3) (2) (3) (3)
nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go ‘mJ©Xe©Z {H$¶m OmEJm,
Vm{H$~mb
Amn {dH$mg Ed§ ‘|{ejm
à{V¶moJr narjm emñÌ
A{VerK« g’$bVmH$sàmáBgH$anwgH|ñVH$
$& H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘|
àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 72 A{YJ‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
9. A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE ³¶m Amdí¶H$ h¡? 19. ‘mZdr¶ A{YJ‘ ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$maH$ A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡?
(1) ñdmZw^d (2) ñd{MÝVZ (1) nwZñWm©nZm (2) {Okmgm
(3) ñd{H«$¶m (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r (3) nwZ~©bZ (4) ê${M

10. grIZo Ho$ dH«$ {H$VZo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢? 20. A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ EH$ MaU Ho$ ê$n ‘| N>mÌm| H$s Ìw{Q>¶m| H$m
(1) 2 (2) 3$ nVm bJmZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$mo {ZåZ{b[IV ‘| go {H$gH$s OmZH$mar
(3) 4$ (4) 5$ gdm©{YH$ Amdí¶H$ h¡?
(1) A{YJ‘ H$s d¡H$pënH$ AdYmaUmE±
11. grIZm EH$ gmd©^m¡{‘H$ à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo- (2) A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$
(1) g‘ñV àm{U¶m| ‘| nm¶r OmVr h¡&
(3) A{YJ‘H$Vm© H$s gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a Am{W©H$ {ñW{V
(2) EH$ C‘« {deof Ho$ bmoJm| ‘| nm¶r OmVr h¡&
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
(3) g‘¶ Ho$ gmW Yrao-Yrao H$‘ hmo ahr h¡&
(4) AܶmnH$ go ~mbH$ VH$ AmVr h¡& 21. A{YJ‘ Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ejmempñ̶m| Ed§ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo {d{dY àH$ma
H$s n[a^mfmE± Xr h¢& BZ n[a^mfmAm| Ho$ AZwgma A{YJ‘ ...........
12. A{YJ‘H$Vm© hoVw A{YJ‘ H$m ‘w»¶ AmYma hmoVm h¡-
(1) n[an³dVm MbZo dmbr EH$ {ZaÝVa à{H«$¶m h¡&
(2) emar[aH$ {dH$mg (1) OrdZ n¶©ÝV ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV²
g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg
(3) {dÚmb¶ H$s ~ZmdQ> (2) {H$emoamdñWm VH$ nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) d¥ÕmdñWm VH$ www.praganya.org
(4) ¶wdmdñWm VH$ go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
13. A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm H$maH$ h¡-
(1) emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ (2) A{YJ‘ H$s BÀN>m 22. ì¶dhma ‘| hmoZo dmbo ñWm¶r n[adV©Z, Omo Aä¶mg Ho$ H$maU hmoVo h¢,
(3) A{^àoaUm (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡-
(1) grIZm (2) gmoMZm
14. grIZo Ho$ {bE A˶{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡- (3) {H«$¶m H$aZm (4) H$ënZm H$aZm
(1) àoaUm H$m hmoZm
(2) {ZaW©H$ nX 23. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ A{YJ‘ H$m/Ho$ ‘w»¶ {Z¶‘ h¡/h¢-
(3) ñ‘¥{V ‘mnZ CnH$aU (1) à^md H$m {Z¶‘ (2) VËnaVm H$m {Z¶‘
(4) VoO J{V go n‹T>Zo H$s j‘Vm (3) Aä¶mg H$m {Z¶‘ (4) C³V g^r

15. A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm ì¶p³VJV H$maH$ h¡- 24. ~mbH$ gd©àW‘ H$m¡Zgr {H«$¶m grIVm h¡?
(1) g§Mma Ho$ gmYZ (2) g‘d¶ñH$ g‘yh (1) ^md àXe©Z (2) n‹T>Zm
(3) AܶmnH$ (4) n[an³dVm Ed§ Am¶w (3) {bIZm (4) MbZm

16. grIZo H$s n[aKQ>Zm ‘| Amdí¶H$ KQ>H$ Zht h¡- 25. AZw^d Ûmam ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z bmZm hr A{YJ‘ h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-
(1) A{YJ‘H$Vm© (2) AmÝV[aH$ AdñWm (1) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo H$m (2) JoQ²>g ‘hmoX¶ H$m
(3) àoaH$ (4) {ejH$ (3) {ñH$Za H$m (4) {Jb’$moS>© ‘hmoX¶ H$m

17. ~mbH$m| Ho$ grIZo na gdm©{YH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡- 26. S>rdr grIZo H$m AmYma {H$go ‘mZVo Wo?
(1) àoaUm H$m (2) ê${M H$m (1) {H«$¶mAm| H$mo (2) AmË‘m H$mo
(3) ~m¡{ÕH$ ¶mo½¶Vm H$m (4) emar[aH$ g§JR>Z H$m (3) ~w{Õ H$mo (4) kmZopÝжm| H$mo

18. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ^m¡{VH$ H$maH$ grIZo ‘| ~mYH$ h¡? 27. grIZm H$s n[a^mfm g~go AÀN>r ............ Ho$ AW© ‘| Xr OmVr h¡&
(1) ewÕ dm¶w (2) Cn¶w³V VmnH«$‘ (1) ì¶dhma n[adV©Z (2) ì¶dhma n[adO©Z
(3) Cn¶w³V Yyn (4) àXÿfU (3) Cn¶w©³V XmoZm| (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.
(4) (3) (1) (1) (4) (1) (4) (4) (1) (4) (1) (2) (1) (1) (4) (1) (2) (1) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 73

28. A{YJ‘ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| {ZåZ ‘§o go g~go ‘hÎdnyU© ³¶m h¡? 35. ñHy$b Ho$ ^rVa Am¡a ~mha, XmoZm| OJhm| na .......... H$s ..........
(1) ì¶ñV {dÚmb¶ H$m¶©H«$‘ MbVr ahVr h¡&
(2) A{YH$ nmR²>¶-nwñVH|$ (1) {dH$mg; à{H«$¶m (2) ~mbH$; eamaV|
(3) A{YJ‘ CËào[aV dmVmdaU (3) grIZo; à{H«$¶m (4) {ejH$m|; àJ{V
(4) CËgwH$ ‘mVm-{nVm
36. O~ nyd© H$m A{YJ‘ ZB© pñW{V¶m| Ho$ grIZo H$mo {~ëHw$b à^m{dV Zht
29. O~ ~ÀMo CZ J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| em{‘b hmoVo h¢, Omo ......... hmoVr h¢, V~ H$aVm, Vmo ¶h ............ H$hbmVm h¡&
do OëXr ........... H$aVo h¢& (1) A{YJ‘ H$m eyݶ ñWmZmÝVaU
(1) H$jm H$j ‘| Cn¶moJr; {dñ‘aU (2) A{YJ‘ H$m {Zanoj ñWmZmÝVaU
(2) Ho$db CZHo$ H$jm-H$m¶© go gå~pÝYV; à˶mñ‘aU (3) A{YJ‘ H$m gH$mamË‘H$ ñWmZmÝVaU
(3) gm§ñH¥${VH$ ê$n go {Zînjr¶; ñ‘aU (4) A{YJ‘ H$m ZH$mamË‘H$ ñWmZmÝVaU
(4) dmñV{dH$ OrdZ ‘| Cn¶moJr; grIm
37. ~ÀMm| Ho$ grIZo Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ g˶

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30. {ejmWu ’¡$eZ emo H$mo XoIH$a ‘m°S>ëg H$m AZwH$aU H$aZo H$s H$mo{ee h¡?
H$aVo h¢& Bg àH$ma Ho$ AZwH$aU H$mo ............ H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡& (1) grIZm {H$gr H$s ‘ܶñWVm Ho$ {~Zm Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡&
(1) àmW{‘H$ AZwH$aU (2) ~ÀMo ì¶p³VJV ñVa na Xÿgam| go ^r {d{^ÝZ VarH$m| go grIVo h¢&
(2) Jm¡U AZwH$aU (3) grIZo Ho$ ~mX ì¶p³V ñd¶§ Am¡a Xþ{Z¶m H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ ¶mo½¶ hmo nmVm
(3) gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘ h¡&
(4) gm‘mݶrH$aU (4) grIZm, AZw^d ¶m ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z h¡&

31. grIZo H$s VËnaVm ........... H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVr h¡& 38. O~ dV©‘mZ H$m¶© H$mo H$aVo g‘¶ nyd© ‘| grIo J¶o H$m¶© Ho$ Ûmam ~mYm
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(1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ VËnaVm H$m {Z¶‘ Cn{ñWV H$s OmVr h¡, Vmo Bg {ñW{V H$mo H$hVo h¢-
(2) {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ gm‘mݶ ¶mo½¶Vm ñVa (1) eyݶ ñWmZmÝVaU ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
(3) grIZo Ho$ gmV˶H$ ‘| {ejm{W©¶m| H$m dV©‘mZ g§kmZmË‘H$ ñVa (2) G$UmË‘H$ ñWmZmÝVaU h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
(4) grIZo Ho$ H$m¶© H$s àH¥${V H$mo gÝVwîQ> H$aZo (3) YZmË‘H$ ñWmZmÝVaU àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
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(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
32. EH$ ~ÀMm AVrV H$s g‘mZ n[a{ñW{V ‘| H$s JB© AZw{H«$¶mAm| S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&

Ho$ AmYma na ZB© {ñW{V Ho$ à{V AZw{H«$¶m H$aVm h¡& ¶h {H$ggo 39. O~ EH$ {ejU dH«$ aoIm ¶h àH$Q> H$aVr h¡ {H$ àmapå^H$ à¶mgm| ‘|
gå~pÝYV h¡? grIZo H$s J{V Vrd« h¡ {H$ÝVw ~mX Ho$ à¶mgm| ‘| ¶h J{V H«$‘e… ‘§X
(1) grIZo H$m gmÑí¶Vm {Z¶‘
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hmoVr Mbr OmVr h¡, Vmo Bg àH$ma Ho$ {ejU H$mo ³¶m H$hm OmVm h¡?
(2) grIZo H$m à^md {Z¶‘ (1) G$UmË‘H$ {ejU dH«$ (2) AmoOmBd
(3) grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$m A{^d¥{Îm {Z¶‘ (3) YZmË‘H$ {ejU dH«$ (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(4) grIZo H$m VËnaVm {Z¶‘
40. grIZo Ho$ dH«$-
33. ~ÀMm| ‘| grIZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ VÎd h¢- (1) grIZo H$s àJ{V Ho$ gyMH$ h¢&
1. Aä¶mg 2. VËnaVm (2) grIZo H$s ‘m¡{bH$Vm Ho$ gyMH$ h¢&
3. AÝV…ÑpîQ> (3) grIZo Ho$ J˶mË‘H$ ñdê$n Ho$ gyMH$ h¢&
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 (4) grIZo H$s aMZmË‘H$Vm Ho$ gyMH$ h¢&
(3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r
41. grIZm g‘¥Õ hmo gH$Vm h¡ ¶{X-
34. grIZm H$moB© ............ Am¡a grYr ........... hmoVr h¡, ~pëH$ ¶h (1) dmñV{dH$ Xþ{Z¶m go CXmhaUm| H$mo H$jm ‘| bm¶m OmE, {Og‘| {dÚmWu
O{Q>b, ~hþAm¶m‘r Am¡a J{Verb à{H«$¶m h¡& EH$-Xÿgao go AÝV…{H«$¶m H$ao Am¡a {ejH$ Cg à{H«$¶m H$mo gwJ‘ ~ZmE&
(1) AmgmZ; à{H«$¶m (2) AmgmZ; à{H«$¶m Zht (2) H$jm ‘| A{YH$ go A{YH$ {ejU gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmE&
(3) H$R>moa; à{H«$¶m Zht (4) H$R>moa; à{H«$¶m (3) {ejH$ {d{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ ì¶m»¶mZ Am¡a ñnîQ>rH$aU H$m à¶moJ H$a|&
(4) H$jm ‘| Amd{YH$ narjmAm| na Ano{jV ܶmZ {X¶m OmE&

28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41.
(3) (4) (3) (3) (1) (4) (2) (3) (1) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 74 A{YJ‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
42. {ZåZ ‘o§ go H$m¡Zgo H$WZ H$mo grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$s {deofVm Zht 48. grIZo H$s A’$bVmAm| H$m H$maU, g‘PZo H$s Ag’$bVmE± h¢& ¶h
‘mZZm Mm{hE? H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡?
(1) e¡{jH$ g§ñWmZ hr EH$‘mÌ ñWmZ h¡, Ohm± A{YJ‘ àmßV hmoVm h¡& (1) nmdbm°d (2) {ñH$Za
(2) grIZm EH$ ì¶mnH$ à{H«$¶m h¡& (3) ‘g}b (4) dwS>dW©
(3) grIZm bú¶moÝ‘wIr hmoVm h¡&
(4) AZ-A{YJ‘ ^r grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m h¡& 49. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go grIZm {H$g àH$ma H$s J{V{d[Y h¡?
(1) ì¶{³VJV (2) gm‘m{OH$
43. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g H$WZ H$mo grIZo Ho$ bjU Ho$ ê$n ‘| Zht (3) ì¶mdhm[aH$ (4) ¶o g^r
‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡?
(1) grIZm EH$ Eogr MrO h¡, Omo Hw$N> AZw^dm| Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n K{Q>V 50. grIZo Ho$ g’$b AZw^d A{YH$ grIZo H$s àoaUm XoVo h¢& ¶h H$WZ
hmoVm h¡& {H$gH$m h¡?
(2) ì¶dhma H$m Aܶ¶Z grIZm h¡& (1) àogr H$m (2) am°{~ÝgZ H$m
(3) AZ-A{YJ‘ ^r grIZo H$m EH$ {hñgm h¡& (3) ’«¢$S>gZ H$m (4) hm°a³g H$m
(4) grIZm EH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo ì¶dhma ‘| ‘ܶñWVm H$aVr h¡&
51. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo A{YJ‘ Ho$ {H$VZ Jm¡U {Z¶‘ ~VmE h¢?
44. {ejmWu Omo nhbo grI MwHo$ h¢, CgH$s nwZamd¥{Îm Am¡a à˶mñ‘aU ‘| (1) 5 (2) 6
{ejm{W©¶m| H$s ‘XX H$aZm ‘hÎdnyU© h¡, ³¶m|{H$- (3) 7 (4) 8
(1) ZB© OmZH$mar H$mo nyd© OmZH$mar go Omo‹S>Zm grIZo H$mo g‘¥Õ ~ZmVm h¡& 52. EH$ H$m¶© Ho$ grIZo H$m Xÿgao H$m¶© Ho$ grIZo na H$moB© à^md Zht n‹S>Vm
(2) nyd© nmR>m| H$mo XmohamZo H$m ¶h à^mdr VarH$m h¡&
h¡, Vmo Bg à{ejU-ñWmZmÝVaU H$mo ³¶m H$hVo h¢?
(3) ¶h {ejm{W©¶m| H$s ñ‘¥{V H$mo ~‹T>mVm h¡, {Oggo grIZm gwÑ‹T> hmoVm h¡&
(1) {ZfoYmË‘H$ à{ejU-ñWmZmÝVaU
(4) ¶h {H$gr ^r H$jm-AZwXoeZ Ho$ {bE EH$ gw{dYmOZH$ ewéAmV h¡&
(2) eyݶ à{ejU-ñWmZmÝVaU
45. EH$ {e{jH$m AnZo {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo AZoH$ Vah H$s gm‘y{hH$ (3) ZJʶ à{ejU-ñWmZmÝVaU
J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| ì¶ñV aIVr h¡, O¡go- g‘yh MMm©, g‘yh n[a¶moOZmE±, (4) VQ>ñW à{ejU-ñWmZmÝVaU
^y{‘H$m {Zdm©h Am{X& ¶h grIZo Ho$ {H$g Am¶m‘ H$mo COmJa H$aVm 53. àW‘ AdñWm ‘| grIo J¶o H$m¶© Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n Xÿgao H$m¶© H$mo
h¡? grIZm H${R>Z hmo OmE, Vmo ¶h à{VfU-ñWmZmÝVaU hmo OmVm h¡-
(1) gm‘m{OH$ J{V{d{Y¶m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| A{YJ‘ (1) {dYo¶mË‘H$ (2) {ZfoYmË‘H$
(2) ‘Zmoa§OZ Ûmam A{YJ‘ (3) eyݶ (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(3) ^mfm-{ZX}{eV A{YJ‘
(4) à{V¶mo{JVm-AmYm[aV A{YJ‘ 54. {H$gr {H«$¶m H$mo ~ma-~ma XmohamZo go CgH$m gå~ÝY Ñ‹T> hmo OmVm h¡&
¶h Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {H$g {Z¶‘ na AmYm[aV h¡?
46. {deof ê$n go àmW{‘H$ ñVa na {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s grIZo gå~ÝYr (1) VËnaVm Ho$ {Z¶‘ na (2) à^md Ho$ {Z¶‘ na
g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo gå~mo{YV H$aZo H$m g~go ~ohVa VarH$m h¡- (3) Aä¶mg Ho$ {Z¶‘ na (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(1) Aj‘Vm Ho$ AZwê$n {d{^ÝZ {ejU nÕ{V¶m| H$m à¶moJ H$aZm
(2) ‘h±Jr Am¡a M‘H$Xma ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ H$aZm 55. grIr JB© {H«$¶m H$m Aݶ g‘mZ n[a{ñW{V¶m| ‘| Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmZm
(3) gab Am¡a amoMH$ nmR²>¶ nwñVH$m| H$m à¶moJ H$aZm H$hbmVm h¡-
(4) H$hmZr-H$WZ nÕ{V H$m à¶moJ H$aZm (1) A{YJ‘ (2) A{YJ‘ ñWmZmÝVaU
(3) n[an³dVm (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
47. ~ÀMm| H$mo grIZo hoVw A{^ào[aV H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o {ejH$ H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoZm
Mm{hE- 56. {H«$¶m H$s g’$bVm go gÝVmof Ed§ Ag’$bVm go AgÝVmof hmoVm h¡& ¶o
(1) à{VñnYm© H$WZ Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {H$g {Z¶‘ H$mo B§{JV H$aVm h¡?
(2) H$jm ‘| àW‘ AmZo dmbo ~ÀMo H$mo nwañH¥$V H$aHo$ (1) Aä¶mg H$m {Z¶‘ (2) à^md H$m {Z¶‘
(3) grIZo hoVw C{MV {ñW{V Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m g¥OZ H$aHo$ (3) VËnaVm H$m {Z¶‘ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(4) H$jm ‘| à{V^membr ~ÀMm| H$s àe§gm H$aHo$

42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56.
(1) (2) (1) (1) (1) (3) (3) (2) (3) (1) (2) (2) (3) (2) (2)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 75

57. AmYw{ZH$ e¡{jH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU go A{YJ‘ AZw^dm| H$s g’$bVm {Z^©a 64. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$maH$ ~mbH$m| ‘§o A{YH$V‘ A{YJ‘ àgma hoVw
H$aVr h¡- Amdí¶H$ h¡?
(1) grIZo dmbo N>mÌ H$s VËnaVm na (1) Aܶ¶Z Ho$ à{V CZH$s d¡¶p³VH$ ê${M
(2) {ejH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd na (2) H$jm H$j ‘| A{YH$m{YH$ H$m¶©
(3) grIZo dmbo H$s àoaUmAm| na (3) J¥hH$m¶© H$s A{YH$Vm
(4) grIZo H$s n[a{ñW{V VWm dmVmdaU na (4) boIZ H$m¶© H$s A{YH$Vm

58. gwIXm¶H$ à^md go gå~ÝY n³Ho$ hmoVo h¢ Am¡a Xþ…IXm¶H$ à^md go 65. EH$ {e{jH$m AnZr H$jm H$mo e¡{jH$ ^«‘U na bo OmVr h¡-
H$‘Omoa hmoVo h¢& ¶h {Z¶‘ H$m¡Zgm h¡? (1) {dÚmb¶ ‘| amoOmZm {ejU go AdH$me CnbãY H$amZo Ho$ {bE
(1) Aä¶mg H$m {Z¶‘ (2) Cn¶moJ H$m {Z¶‘ (2) à˶j AdbmoH$Z Ho$ {bE ~ÀMm| H$mo Adga CnbãY H$amZo Ho$ {bE
(3) à^md H$m {Z¶‘ (4) AZwà¶moJ H$m {Z¶‘ (3) {dÚmb¶ H¡$boÊS>a ‘| gw{ZpíMV {H«$¶mH$bmn H$aZo Ho$ {bE
(4) ~ÀMm| H$mo ‘Zmoa§OZ CnbãY H$amZo Ho$ {bE
59. ì¶dhma ‘| {g’©$ Cgr n[adV©Z H$mo grIZm H$hm OmVm h¡, Omo-

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(1) AÀN>m hmoVm h¡& 66. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ grIZo Ho$ ~mao ‘| ghr h¡?
(2) ~wam hmoVm h¡& (1) grIZm Cg dmVmdaU ‘| à^mdr hmoVm h¡, Omo g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go
(3) AÀN>m ¶m ~wam XmoZm| hmoVm h¡& gH$mamË‘H$ hmo Am¡a {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo gÝVwîQ> H$aZo dmbm hmo&
(4) Z AÀN>m hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Z hr ~wam hmoVm h¡& (2) grIZo Ho$ {H$gr ^r MaU na grIZm g§doJmË‘H$ H$maH$m| go à^m{dV
Zht hmoVm&
60. ‘mZd grIZm ‘| Amn {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go {H$goo A{YH$ ‘hÎd X|Jo? (3) grIZm ‘yb ê$n go ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶m h¡&
1. CËgwH$Vm 2. nwZ~©bZ (4) ~ÀMm| Ûmam H$s JB© Ìw{Q>¶m± ¶h g§Ho$V H$aVr h¢ {H$ {H$gr Vah H$m grIZm
3. n[aUm‘ kmZ 4. AmH$m§jm ñVa
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Zht hþAm&
ghr {dH$ën MwZ|-
(1) 1,2 VWm 3 67. EH$ {e{jH$m AnZo {ejU ‘| Ñí¶-lì¶ gm‘{J«¶m| Am¡a emar[aH$
(2) 2,3 VWm 4 J{V{d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ H$aVr h¡, ³¶m|{H$-
(3) 3,4 VWm 1 (1) do {ejH$ H$mo Amam‘ XoVo h¢&
(4) 1,2 VWm 4 (2) do à^mdr AmH$bZ H$mo gwJ‘ ~ZmVo h¢&
(3) do {ejm[W©¶m| H$mo d¡{dܶ CnbãY H$amVo h¢&
61. grIr JB© AZw{H«$¶m H$s A{^ì¶p³V O~ ì¶dhma Ho$ ê$n ‘| hmoVr h¡, (4) Bg‘| A{YH$V‘ BpÝжm| H$m Cn¶moJ grIZo H$mo g§d{Õ©V H$aVm h¡&
Vmo Cgo H$hm OmVm h¡-
(1) Aä¶gZ (2) AZwHy$bZ 68. EH$ {ejH/{e{jH$m$ gm‘mݶV… {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo AbJ-AbJ H$m¶©
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(3) {ZînmXZ (4) ‘ybàd¥{Îm XoVm/XoVr h¡& dh ¶h {dídmg H$aVm/H$aVr h¡ {H$-

(1) {dÚmWu EH$ O¡go H$m¶© g^r {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo {XE OmZo H$mo ngÝX Zht
62. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {ejH$ go gå~pÝYV A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo&
H$aZo dmbm H$maH$ h¡? (2) ¶h {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| à{VñnYm© H$mo ~‹T>mVm h¡&
(1) {df¶-dñVw ‘| àdrUVm (3) {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ AÝVa hmoVo h¢&
(2) ~¡R>Zo H$s C{MV ì¶dñWm (4) {dÚmWu EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ H$m¶© H$s ZH$b Zht H$a gH$Vo&
(3) {ejU A{YJ‘ g§gmYZm| H$s CnbãYVm
(4) {df¶-dñVw ¶m A{YJ‘ AZw^dm| H$s àH¥${V 69. lì¶ {ejU ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$m Cn¶moJ {ZåZ{bpIV ‘| go {H$g‘|
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡?
63. Ob ew{Õ àH$aU H$mo ñnîQ> H$aZo H$m g~go C{MV VarH$m h¡- (1) ~ÀMm| H$m boIZ gwYmaZo ‘|
(1) MmQ>© H$s ghm¶Vm go à{H«$¶m H$mo àX{e©V H$aZm (2) ~ÀMm| H$m CÀMmaU gwYmaZo ‘|
(2) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo ew{ÕH$aU ßbmÝQ> H$m ‘m°S>b ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE H$hZm (3) ~mbH$mo§ Ho$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘|
(3) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo Cg ßbmÝQ> na bo OmZm, Ohm± Ob ew{Õ H$s OmVr h¡& (4) Cnamo³V g^r ‘|
(4) nmR²>¶ nwñVH$ go n‹T>mZm

57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69.
(1) (3) (3) (2) (3) (1) (3) (2) (2) (1) (4) (2) (1)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
70. E{nS>m¶mñH$mon CnH$aU H$m Cn¶moJ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gHo$ {bE 78. dmBJmoËñH$s ~ÀMm| Ho$ grIZo ‘o§ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g H$maH$ H$s
{H$¶m OmVm h¡? ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m na ~b XoVo h¢?
(1) dñVwAm| H$mo ñnîQ> ê$n go XoIZo Ho$ {bE (1) AmZwd§{eH$ (2) Z¡{VH$
(2) {H$gr AnmaXeu dñVw H$mo ñH«$sZ na àjo{nV H$aZo Ho$ {bE (3) emar[aH$ (4) gm‘m{OH$
(3) {H$gr dñVw H$s ZH$b CVmaZo Ho$ {bE
(4) {H$gr dñVw H$mo ~‹S>m {XImZo Ho$ {bE 79. í¶m‘nÅ H$mo {ejU gmYZ gm‘J«r Ho$ {H$g g‘yh ‘| gpå‘{bV {H$¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡?
71. {ejU ‘erZm| H$s {deofVm hmoVr h¡- (1) lì¶ gmYZ (2) Ñí¶ gmYZ
(1) ¶o {ejU g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVr h¡& (3) Ñí¶-lì¶ gmYZ (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(2) BZ‘| ~mø AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ {bE Adga {X¶m OmVm h¡&
(3) BZ‘| N>mÌm| Ho$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo ‘| ^r AmgmZr hmoVr h¡& 80. í¶m‘nÅ na {bIVo g‘¶ g~go ‘hÎdnyU© ³¶m h¡?
(4) Cnamo³V g^r (1) AÀN>r {bImdQ> (2) boIZ ‘| ñnîQ>Vm
(3) ~‹S>o Ajamo§ ‘o§ {bIZm (4) N>moQ>o Ajam| ‘| {bIZm
72. {H$g {ejU ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r go N>mÌm| H$mo CÀM H$mo{Q> H$m nwZ~©bZ
àmá hmo gH$Vm h¡? 81. {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ nmoQ>©’$mo{b¶m| Ho$ {bE gm‘J«r H$m M¶Z H$aVo g‘¶
(1) H$å߶yQ>a (2) MmQ>© ........... H$m ........... Oê$a hmoZm Mm{hE&
(3) ao{S>¶mo (4) Q>obr{dOZ (1) {dÚm{W©¶m|; ~{hîH$aU
(2) Aݶ {ejH$m|; g‘mdoeZ
73. H$jm AܶmnZ ‘o§ Ñí¶ gmYZ Ho$ ê$n ‘o§ {H$gH$m gdm©{YH$ à¶moJ (3) {dÚm{W©¶m|; g‘mdoeZ
hmoVm h¡? (4) A{^^mdH$m|; g‘mdoeZ
(1) J«m’$ (2) MmQ>©
(3) ãb¡H$~moS>© (4) aoIm{MÌ 82. ‘r{‹S>¶m H$m EH$ CXmhaU, Omo A{YJ‘H$Vm© H$mo à˶j àñVwVrH$aU Ho$
Ûmam A{YJ‘ ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm h¡-
74. H$m¡Zgr {ejU ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r ~ÀMmo§ Ho$ {bE gdm©{YH$ AmH$f©U H$m (1) e¡{jH$ Q>obr{dOZ (2) e¡{jH$ àgmaU
Ho$ÝÐ hmoZr Mm{hE? (3) Amoda hoS> àmoOo³Q>a (4) Q>obr’$moZ
(1) ~wbo{Q>Z ~moS>© (2) MmQ>©
(3) ãb¡H$~moS>© (4) aoIm{MÌ 83. {dÚm{W©¶mo§ H$o gmW gåàofU H$m AW© hmoVm h¡-
(1) CZgo àíZ H$aZo H$mo H$hZm
75. {H$g {ejU ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$mo V¡¶ma H$aZo H$m Adga ~mbH$mo§ H$mo (2) {dMmam| H$m AmXmZ-àXmZ
^r {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE? (3) CÝh| {ZX}e XoZm
(1) J«m’$ (2) MmQ>© (4) CÝh| AnZo {dMmam| go AdJV H$amZm
(3) ~wbo{Q>Z ~moS>© (4) aoIm{MÌ
84. n‹T>Zo H$s dh VH$ZrH$, {OgH$m Cn¶moJ Vm{bH$m ‘| pñWV eãXmdbr
76. Ñí¶-lì¶ gm‘J«r H¡$gr Zht hmoZr Mm{hE? VWm àg§J ‘| {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡, H$hbmVr h¡-
(1) {ejU Ho$ CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á ‘| ghm¶H$ (1) H$s-arq‹S>J (2) ar-arq‹S>J
(2) gwÝXa VWm AmH$f©H$ (3) ñH¡$qZJ (4) pñH$q‘J
(3) ~mbH$ H$mo {dM{bV H$aZo dmbr
(4) ~mbH$m| H$r ê${M H$mo ~‹T>mZo dmbr 85. {ZåZ ‘| go lì¶-Ñí¶ gm‘J«r H$m CÔoí¶ h¢-
1 {ejU H$mo à^mdembr ~ZmZm
77. ~mbH$m| ‘| {ZarjU H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| gdm©{YH$ ‘XX 2 N>mÌm| ‘| g¥OZmË‘H$Vm CËnÝZ H$aZm
H$aVm h¡- 3 N>mÌm| H$mo {H«$¶merb ~ZmZm
(1) ^«‘U 4 {df¶dñVw ‘| Aê${M CËnÝZ H$aZm
(2) MmQ>© Hy$Q>-
(3) Z‘yZm (1) 1, 2 Am¡a 3 (2) 1 Am¡a 4
(4) H$å߶yQ>a (3) 1, 3 Am¡a 4 (4) 2, 3 Am¡a 4

70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85.
(2) (4) (1) (1) (1) (3) (3) (1) (4) (2) (1) (3) (1) (2) (3) (1)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 77

86. dV©Zr, dmMZ Ed§ JUZm ‘| H${R>ZmB©, gm‘mݶ ~w{Õ Ed§ AÀN>r 94. {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo grIZo H$s gm‘J«r ‘| Nonsense Syllabus
AZwHy$bZmË‘H$ ¶mo½¶Vm {deofVm h¡- H$s aMZm H$s?
(1) Yr‘r J{V go grIZo dmbm| H$s (1) Ooåg (2) dw§Q>
(2) gm‘mݶ/Am¡gV A{YJ‘H$Vm© H$s (3) pñH$Za (4) Eq~Jhmg
(3) ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$s
(4) A{YJ‘ {Z¶m}½¶ ~mbH$m| H$s 95. í¶m‘nÅ àVrH$ h¡-
(1) AܶmnH$ H$m (2) {ejU H$m
87. A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m ‘| EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© MaU Ho$ ê$n ‘§o ~mbH$m| H$s Ìw{Q>¶m| H$m (3) H$jm H$m (4) ñHy$b H$m
nVm bJmZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$mo A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m|
96. ñWmZmÝVaU H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm/dmbo H$maH$ h¡/h¢-
H$s OmZH$mar Amdí¶H$ h¡& {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm/go A{YJ‘ H$mo
(1) gm‘mݶrH$aU
à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm EH$ H$maH$ h¡/h¢?
(2) g‘PXmar
(1) nwañH$ma Ed§ XÊS> (2) A{^àoaUm
(3) A{O©V kmZ H$m {d{^ÝZ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| à¶moJ

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(3) C{MV dmVmdaU (4) ¶o g^r
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
88. A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m {d{^ÝZ H$maH$m| go à^m{dV hmoVr h¡& {ZåZ{b{IV ‘|
97. A{YJ‘ H$s à¶ËZ Am¡a ^yb {d{Y ‘| g~go A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© H$maH$
go A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm ~mø H$maH$ h¡-
H$m¡Zgm h¡?
(1) emar[aH$ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg (2) A{^àoaUm
(1) bú¶ (2) {H«$¶m
(3) dmVmdaU (4) ê${M
(3) àoaUm (4) Aä¶mg
89. {H$gr H$jm H$j ‘§o grIZoo H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm ‘hÎdnyU© KQ>H$ h¡-
98. H$jm ‘| N>mÌ Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo AZwem{gV H$aZo dmbm àmW{‘H$ H$maH$
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(1) H$jm H$j H$m Am{W©H$ dmVmdaU

(2) H$jm H$j H$m àemg{ZH$ dmVmdaU
hmoZm Mm{hE-
(1) N>mÌ àoaUmE± (2) N>mÌ {‘Ì‘ÊS>br
(3) H$jm H$j H$m ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ dmVmdaU
(3) {ejH$ à^wËd (4) nwañH$ma-XÊS> à{d{Y
(4) H$jm H$j H$m gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU
99. H$jm {ejU ‘| Ñí¶ gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ H$aZo ‘o§ Amn {H$g ~mV H$m
90. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgr ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r gyMZmAm| Ho$ {díbofU Ed§ VwbZm
ܶmZ aI|Jo?
‘| ghm¶H$ h¡?
(1) Cgo ZmQ>H$s¶ T>§J go àñVwV H$a|Jo&
(1) {MÌ (2) aoIm{MÌ
(2) dh nmR²>¶ {df¶ Ho$ AZwê$n hmo&
(3) J«m’$ (4) ‘mZ{MÌ
(3) dh ~ÀMm| H$mo AkmV go kmV H$s Amoa bo OmZo dmbr hmo&
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91. ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$m Cn¶moJ H$aVo g‘¶ Amn {H$go g~go A{YH$ (4) CgHo$ ~mao ‘| ~ÀMm| H$mo nhbo go ~Vm X|Jo&
‘hÎd X|Jo?
100. H$jm {ejU ‘| {d{dYVm Am¡a amoMH$Vm ~‹T>Vr h¡-
(1) {dÚmWu H$s ê${M H$mo (2) A{YJ‘ H$s gw{dYm H$mo
(1) AܶmnH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd go
(3) AmH$f©U H$mo (4) ‘yë¶ H$mo
(2) N>mÌm| Ho gh¶moJ go
92. {ejU ‘| ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡- (3) {ejU gm‘J«r Ho$ à¶moJ go
(1) {ejU H$mo à‘wI e¡br ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE (4) AZwemgZ Ho$ nmbZ go
(2) {ejU H$mo ‘Zmoa§OZ nyU© ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE
101. {ejm ‘§o Q>obr{dOZ H$m Cn¶moJr ñWmZ h¡, ³¶m|{H$-
(3) {ejU H$mo A{YH$ ñdm^m{dH$ d Cn¶moJr ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE
(1) AÀN>o {ejH$m| H$s H$‘r h¡&
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(2) Q>obr{dOZ na nmR²>¶dñVw H$mo nyao {dñVma Ho$ gmW àñVwV {H$¶m Om
93. do H$m¡Zgo ~mø H$maH$ h¡, Omo EH$ ~ÀMo H$mo H$jm ‘| ê${M boZo go gH$Vm h¡&
amoH$Vo h¢? (3) Bggo H$jm ‘| AZwemgZhrZVm n¡Xm Zht hmoJr&
(1) ^mdZm Am¡a ‘Zmo^md (2) g§ñH¥${V Am¡a à{ejU (4) Q>obr{dOZ na Omo Hw$N> XoIm OmVm h¡, dh h‘oem Ho$ {bE ¶mX hmo OmVm
(3) ~ÀMo H$m ÑpîQ>H$moU (4) bú¶ Am¡a à¶moOZ h¡&

86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101.
(2) (4) (3) (3) (3) (1) (4) (2) (4) (3) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (2)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 78 A{YJ‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
102. H$jm ‘| Ñí¶-lì¶ gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ- 109. H$jm ‘| Q>r.dr. H$m à¶moJ H${R>Z h¡, ³¶m|{H$-
(1) Yr‘r J{V go grIZo dmbo N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE A{YH$ Cn¶moJr hmoVm h¡& (1) BgH$s J{V h‘mao {Z¶ÝÌU ‘| Zht hmoVr&
(2) ‘oYmdr N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE A{YH$ Cn¶moJr hmoVm h¡& (2) Q>r.dr H$m¶©H«$‘ H$mo {ejU Ho$ AZwgma g‘m¶mo{OV Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm,
(3) ~mbH$m| H$s {Okmgm ~‹T>mVm h¡& ~pëH$ BgH$m CëQ>m hr H$aZm n‹‹S>Vm h¡&
(4) N>mÌm| H$m ܶmZ ‘yb {df¶ go Xÿa hQ>mVm h¡& (3) Cnamo³V XmoZm|
(4) Cnamo³V H$moB© Zht
103. {Og {ZX}eZ gm‘J«r H$m H$jm {ejU Ho$ Xm¡amZ BñVo‘mb {H$¶m OmZm
hmo, Cgo/CgH$m- 110. A, ~, g VrZ {ejmWu h¢, Omo A§J«oOr n‹T>Vo h¢& A H$mo ¶h {df¶ amoMH$
(1) H$jm ‘| hr V¡¶ma H$aZm Mm{hE& bJVm h¡ Am¡a dh gmoMVm h¡ {H$ ¶h CgHo$ ^{dî¶ ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoJm& ~
(2) CëboI nmR> ¶moOZm ‘| H$a boZm Mm{hE& A§J«oOr Bg{bE n‹T>Vr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ dh H$jm ‘| nhbm ñWmZ àmßV H$aZm
(3) V^r [XImZm Mm{hE, O~ ~ÀMm| ‘| CËgwH$Vm ~‹T> OmE& MmhVr h¡& g A§J«oOr {df¶ Bg{bE n‹T>Vm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ CgH$m àmW{‘H$
(4) H$jm {ejU ewê$ H$aVo hr N>mÌm| H$mo {XIm XoZm Mm{hE& gamoH$ma CÎmrU© hmoZo dmbo J«oS²>g àmßV H$aZm h¡& A, ~ Am¡a g Ho$ CÔoí¶
104. nmR²>¶ ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ- H«$‘e… ............ h¢&
(1) V^r H$aZm Mm{hE, O~ Oê$ar hmo& (1) {ZnwUVm, {ZînmXZ, {ZînmXZ-Cnojm
(2) nmR> H$m {dH$mg H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmE& (2) {ZînmXZ, {ZînmXZ-Cnojm, {ZnwUVm
(3) Eogo H$aZm Mm{hE {H$ N>mÌm| na CgH$m Ano{jV à^md n‹S>o& (3) {ZînmXZ-Cnojm, {ZnwUVm, {ZînmXZ
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r (4) {ZnwUVm, {ZînmXZ-Cnojm, {ZînmXZ

105. {H$g {ejU gm‘J«r H$mo Amn CÎm‘ gm‘J«r ‘mZVo h¢? 111. Hw$N> {df¶m| H$m {ejU Q>obr{dOZ Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ~hþV ~{‹T>¶m hmo gH$Vm
(1) Omo XoIZo ‘| gwÝXa d a§J-{~a§Jr hmo& h¡, ³¶m|{H$-
(2) Omo nmR²>¶ {df¶ go gå~pÝYV hmo& (1) BZ {df¶m| ‘| AܶmnH$mo§ H$s H$‘r h¡&
(3) Omo AmgmZr go {‘b OmE& (2) Q>obr{dOZ {ejU Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go AZwemgZ ~{‹T>¶m ahVm h¡&
(4) {Ogo nhbr ~ma à¶moJ ‘| bm¶m OmE& (3) Q>obr{dOZ Ûmam Omo Ñí¶, AZw^d Ho$ à¶moJ {XImE Om gH$Vo h¢, CZH$m
à~ÝY ñHy$b ‘| H$a nmZm gå^d Zht hmoVm&
106. {ejU ‘| ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡- (4) {ejH$ ^r Bggo ZB©-ZB© ~mV| OmZ gH$Vo h¢&
(1) nmR> H$mo AmgmZ Am¡a ê${MH$a ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE
(2) H$jm ‘o§ N>mÌm| H$s ^mJrXmar H$mo ~‹T>mZo Ho$ {bE *******
(3) A‘yV© H$mo ‘yV© kmZ ‘| n[ad{V©V H$aZo Ho$ {bE àJʶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ à˶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET, MP
(4) Cnamo³V g^r Samvida, BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET, HPTET) Ho$
{bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡& ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF
107. l¥ì¶ Ñí¶ Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go {H$g {ejU gyÌ H$m AZwnmbZ
àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$ ³bmg J«wn
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡?
(1) ‘yV© go A‘yV©
¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m Aݶ ñQ>S>r Jw«n ‘| Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘| ‘m°S>b nona
(2) AmgmZ go H${R>Z ^ooO {XE OmE±J|&
UPTET - 95301 43210
(3) kmV go AkmV
MP Samvida - 95302 43210
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
BTET - 95302 43210
UTET - 72209 29294
108. ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r Ho$ ê$n ‘| OHP H$m à¶moJ H$aZo H$m bm^ ¶h h¡ {H$-
JTET - 72209 29239
(1) ¶h gñVm d hëH$m hmoVm h¡& HTET - 72209 29266
(2) BgHo$ Ûmam ~Zm¶m J¶m à{V{~å~ ~hþV ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡& CGTET - 72209 28969
(3) í¶m‘nÅ> H$m hr ñH«$sZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| à¶moJ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& HPTET - 72209 28535
(4) Cnamo³V g^r

102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112.
(1) (2) (4) (2) (4) (4) (4) (3) (1) (3) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
Aܶm¶ 6
A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
6.1 àñVmdZm
A{YJ‘ H$m gå~ÝY ñ‘¥{V go ahm h¡& ñ‘¥{V Ho$ A^md ‘| A{YJ‘ ì¶W© h¡&
A{YJ‘ Ho$ joÌ ‘| AZoH$ {gÕmÝV àM{bV h¢& g^r A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV BZ V϶m|
na AmYm[aV h¢-
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1. A{YJ‘ H$s gr‘mE± ³¶m h¢?
2. Aä¶mg H$s A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ³¶m ^y{‘H$m h¡?
3. XÊS>, nwañH$ma, àmoËgmhZ Am{X H$m grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ³¶m
‘hÎd h¡?
4. grIZo H$s {H«$¶m ‘| Ad~moY VWm AÝVX©¥pîQ> H$m ³¶m ‘hÎd h¡?
5. ³¶m EH$ grIr JB© {H«$¶m {H$gr Aݶ {H«$¶m H$mo grIZo ‘| gh¶moJ
XoVr h¡?
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6. O~ h‘ ¶mX H$aVo h¢ ¶m ^ybVo h¢, V~ ³¶m hmoVm h¡?
¶o g^r àíZ A{YJ‘ H$s gånyU© {H«$¶m go Ow‹S>o h¢& grIZo H$s gr‘m
ì¶p³V H$s A{YJ‘ H$s j‘Vm h¡& d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$ H$maU hr ì¶p³V
{^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ê$n go grIVm h¡& A{YJ‘ H$s {H«$¶m H$s nwpîQ> Aä¶mg go hmoVr
h¡& Aä¶mg H$mo ~Zm¶o aIZo ‘| A{^àoaUm Ho$ {d{^ÝZ njm| H$s ^y{‘H$m ‘hÎdnyU©
h¡& A~moY VWm AÝVÑ©pîQ> A{YJ‘ Ho$ ApñVËd H$mo ñWm{nV H$aVr h¡ Am¡a EH$
grIr J¶r {H«$¶m Xÿgar {H«$¶m H$s nwpîQ> H$aVr h¡ VWm Aݶ ZdrZ {H«$¶m H$mo
grIZo H$m ‘mJ© àeñV H$aVr h¡& Bgr àH$ma O~ h‘ {H$gr V϶ H$mo ¶mX H$aVo
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h¢, Vmo gÝVmof {‘bVm h¡ Am¡a ^ybVo h¢, Vmo Xþ…I hmoVm h¡&
A{YJ‘ Mmho OmZo-AZOmZo X¡{ZH$ OrdZ ‘| hþAm hmo, Mmho ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
H$s à¶moJembm ‘|, CgHo$ ‘yb ‘| g‘mZ {gÕmÝV VWm {Z¶‘ H$m¶© H$aVo h¢&
‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| à¶moJmË‘H$ narjUm| Zo grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo ‘|
‘hÎdnyU© ¶moJ {X¶m h¡& EH$ {gÕmÝV H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ {bE Xÿgao {gÕmÝV H$mo
g‘PZm Amdí¶H$ hmo OmVm h¡& à¶moJ Ed§ narjU Ho$ ‘ܶ CR>mB© JB© g‘ñ¶mE±
{ZîH$f© {ZH$mbVo hr Jm¡U hmo OmVr h¡&
6.2 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV … AW©
grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV go VmËn¶© Cg g¡ÕmpÝVH$ JdofUm go hmoVm h¡, Omo grIZo
H$m ñdê$n ³¶m h¡, àmUr ³¶m grIVm h¡, ³¶m| grIVm h¡ Am{X àíZm| Ho$
CÎmam| H$s d¡km{ZH$ ì¶m»¶m àñVwV H$aVm h¡& haJoZhmZ Ho$ AZwgma grIZo Ho$
{gÕmÝVm| ‘| ‘w»¶V… grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$s g¡ÕmpÝVH$ ì¶m»¶m H$s OmVr h¡
Am¡a ¶o {gÕmÝV {ZåZ{b{IV VrZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma H$s ì¶m»¶m àñVwV H$aVo h¢-
1. àmUr ³¶m| grIVm h¡?
2. àmUr H¡$go grIVm h¡?
3. àmUr ³¶m grIVm h¡?
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 79
BZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎmam| H$s ImoO ‘| H$B© ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Ed§ {dÛmZ OwQ>o Am¡a
CÝhm|Zo AnZo-AnZo à¶moJm| Ed§ AZw^y{V¶m| Ho$ AmYma na AnZo-AnZo grIZo
Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$m à{VnmXZ {H$¶m&
6.3 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ àH$ma
grIZo Ho$ {d{^ÝZ {gÕmÝVm| H$mo CZH$s àH¥${V Ho$ AZwgma Xmo dJm] ‘§o {d^³V
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV AWdm ì¶dhmadmXr {gÕmÝV
2. CÔrnZ-CÔrnZ {gÕmÝV AWdm g§kmZmË‘H$ {gÕmÝV
6.4 CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV AWdm
ì¶dhmadmXr {gÕmÝV
BZ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ AZwgma O~ ^r ì¶p³V AWdm àmUr Ho$ gm‘Zo H$moB© g‘ñ¶m
AmVr h¡ (Bgo CÔrnZ H$hVo h¢), Vmo dh CgHo$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ
AZw{H«$¶mE± H$aVm h¡& BZ AZw{H«$¶mAm| ‘| EH$ Eogr AZw{H«$¶m ^r hmoVr h¡, Omo
Cg g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ àñVwV H$aVr h¡& ì¶p³V AZoH$ à¶mgm| AWdm
AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$mo H$aVo-H$aVo Cg AZw{H«$¶m H$mo H$aVm h¡& AmJo O~ ^r CgHo$
gm‘Zo d¡gr hr g‘ñ¶m AmVr h¡, Vmo nwZ… dh {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ AZw{H«$¶mE± H$aVm
h¡, bo{H$Z erK« hr dh Cg AZw{H«$¶m H$mo H$aZo ‘| gj‘ hmoVm h¡, {Oggo Cg
g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ hmoVm h¡& Yrao-Yrao AmJo dmbo à¶mgm| ‘| ì¶p³V Cg
g‘ñ¶m Ho$ à{V ghr-ghr AZw{H«$¶m H$aZo bJVm h¡ Am¡a EH$ g‘¶ Eogm AmVm
h¡ O~ CgHo$ gm‘Zo dhr g‘ñ¶m AmVr h¡, Vmo VwaÝV dh dhr AZw{H«$¶m H$aVm
h¡ {Oggo Cg g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma g‘ñ¶m AWdm CÔrnZ
{deof Ho$ gmW g‘mYmZ AZw{H«$¶m H$m gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a Bgo hr
grIZm H$hVo h¢& O¡go-O¡go ¶h {H«$¶m ~ma-~ma XmohamB© OmVr h¡, CÔrnZ Am¡a
AZw{H«$¶m ‘| gå~ÝY Ñ‹T>Va hmoVm OmVm h¡ Am¡a grIZm ^r ñWm¶r hmoVm OmVm
h¡& Bg dJ© ‘| AmZo dmbo {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ g^r à{VnmXH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ CÔrnZ-
AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ ‘ܶ gå~ÝY H$mo grIZo H$s g§km XoVo h¢, bo{H$Z ¶h gå~ÝY H¡$go
~ZVm h¡ Bg na CZ‘| ‘V^oX h¡& Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ CÔrnZ-
AZw{H«$¶m ‘| gå~ÝY CgHo$ ~mX {XE OmZo dmbo nwZ~©bZ na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡,
³¶m|{H$ Bg nwZ~©bZ Ho$ H$maU grIZo dmbo ì¶p³V H$mo gÝVwpîQ> hmoVr h¡ Am¡a
dh Cg AZw{H«$¶m H$mo CÔrnZ Ho$ gmW gå~pÝYV H$a XoVm h¡& BZ {gÕmÝVm|
H$mo CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m nwZ~©bZ {gÕmÝV H$hVo h¢& BZ {gÕmÝVm| H$mo à^mdH$
{gÕmÝV ^r H$hVo h¢& Bg loUr ‘| Wm°Z©S>mBH$, ñH$sZa, nmdbm°d, hb Am¡a
{‘ba Ûmam à{Vnm{XV grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$mo aIm OmVm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m
 n¥îR> 80 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
{dMma h¡ {H$ CÔrnZ VWm AZw{H«$¶m gmW-gmW hmoVo h¢ Am¡a ~ma-~ma hmoVo h¢, gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$aVm h¡&
Vmo AnZo Amn hr BZHo$ ‘ܶ gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a Bgo hr grIZm Bg àH$ma h‘ nmVo h¢ {H$ CÔrnZ Am¡a AZw{H«$¶m ‘| AZw~ÝYZ H$m
H$hVo h¢& BZ {gÕmÝVm| H$mo CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m-AnwZ~©bZ {gÕmÝV ^r H$hm {Z‘m©U hr Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$m g~go ‘hÎdnyU© V϶ h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
OmVm h¡& Bg loUr ‘o§ JwWar Ed§ EoñQ²>g Ho$ {gÕmÝV à‘wI h¢& à‘wI CÔrnZ- Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo AnZo {gÕmÝV H$mo à{Vnm{XV H$aZo Hoo$ {bE ‘w{J©¶m|, {~{ëb¶m|,
AZw{H$¶m {gÕmÝV AWdm ì¶dhmadmXr {gÕmÝV {ZåZ{b{IV h¢- ‘N>{b¶m|, Hw$Îmm|, ~ÝXam| VWm ‘mZd na AZoH$ à¶moJ {H$E, naÝVw {~pëb¶m|
1. CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝY {gÕmÝV na {H$E JE à¶moJm| Ho$ AmYma na Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> H$m {gÕmÝV
2. {H«$¶m-àgyV AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m&
3. nwZ~©bZ H$m {gÕmÝV M±y{H$ à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> Ho$ Ûmam CÔrnZ (S) VWm AZw{H«$¶m (R) ‘|
4. gå~Õ à{V{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV ¶m AZwHy${bV AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV AZw~ÝY ñWm{nV {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Bg{bE ‘m¡{bH$ ê$n go Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$
5. ES>{dZ Ama. JwWar H$m gm{ÝZܶ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$mo CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝY (S-R Bond) {gÕmÝV
H$hH$a gå~mo{YV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
6.5 CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝY {gÕmÝV 6.5.1 Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ à¶moJ
CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝY {gÕmÝV Ho$ à{VnmXH$ A‘o[aH$m Ho$ à{gÕ Wm°Z©S>mBH$ ‘hmoX¶ Zo Bg {gÕmÝV H$s nwpîQ> Ho$ {bE newAm| na AZoH$ à¶moJ
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ES>dS>© Eb. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ h¡, {OÝhm|Zo gZ² 1998 ‘| AnZr à{gÕ {H$E, {H$ÝVw CZH$s à{gÕ nwñVH$ Animal Intelligence ‘| d{U©V {~ëbr
nwñVH$ Animal Intelligence ‘| AnZo A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$m CëboI {H$¶m na {H$¶m à¶moJ A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡&
h¡, O~{H$ gZ² 1913 ‘| àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Education Psychology ‘|
1. CbPZ ~m°³g à¶moJ
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$m CëboI A{YH$ ñnîQ> ê$n go {‘bVm h¡&
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ ‘hmoX¶ Zo EH$ ^yIr {~ëbr H$mo EH$ ‘ÝOyfm ‘| ~ÝX H$a {X¶m& Bg
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ ‘hmoX¶ Zo gå~ÝYdmX ê$nr {dMmaYmam H$m à{VnmXZ {H$¶m& BZHo$
‘ÝOyfm go ~mha {ZH$bZo H$m EH$ hr amñVm Wm& XadmOo Ho$ gmW EH$ brda
AZwgma gå~ÝYdmX H$m VmËn¶© h¡ {H$ CÔrnZ Ho$ gmW AZw{H«$¶m H$m gå~ÝY
bJm hþAm Wm, {OgH$mo X~mZo go hr XadmOm Iwb OmVm Wm& ‘ÝOyfm Ho$ ~mha
ñWm{nV hmoVm h¡& AV… Bgo CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV Ho$ Zm‘ go gå~mo{YV
EH$ VíVar ‘| EH$ ‘N>br H$m Qw>H$‹S>m aI {X¶m J¶m Wm& {~ëbr Zo Cg ‘ÝOyfm
{H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg {gÕmÝV H$mo A{YJ‘ H$m gå~ÝY {gÕmÝV, g§¶moOZdmX
H$m XadmOm ImobZo H$m AZoH$ ~ma à¶ËZ {H$¶m& H$^r CN>bVr, H$^r ‘ÝOyfm
{gÕmÝV, à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> H$m {gÕmÝV Am{X Zm‘m| go ^r nwH$mam OmVm h¡&
Ho$ grH$Mm| go ~mha XoIVr, H$^r ‘ÝOyfm Ho$ Aݶ ^mJm| H$mo {hbmVr& Bg àH$ma
CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝY {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZw¶m{¶¶m| ‘| dwS>dW©, nmdbm°d,
dh AZoH$ ~ma à¶ËZ H$aVr Am¡a AZoH$ ^yb H$aVr& AÝVV… AH$ñ‘mV² CgH$m
dmQ>gZ JwWar VWm hb Ho$ Zm‘ ‘hÎdnyU© h¢& BZ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m ‘mZZm h¡
n§Om brda na n‹S> J¶m Am¡a XadmOm Iwb J¶m& {~ëbr ~mha {ZH$b AmB© Am¡a
{H$ à˶oH$ {H«$¶m Ho$ nrN>o EH$ CÔrnZ hmoVm h¡, {OgH$m à^md ì¶p³V na n‹S>Vm
‘N>br Im JB©, {Oggo Cgo gÝVmof H$s àm{á hþB©& O~ ^yIr {~ëbr H$mo Xmo~mam
h¡ Am¡a Cgr Ho$ AZwê$n AZw{H«$¶m (R) hmoVr h¡& CÔrnZ àmUr na à^md S>mbVm
‘ÝOyfm ‘| ~ÝX {H$¶m J¶m, Vmo dh nhbo go H$‘ g‘¶ go ‘ÝOyfm go ~mha AmH$a
h¡, {OgHo$ n[aUm‘ ñdê$n ¶h AZw{H«$¶m (R) H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma EH$ {d{eîQ>
‘N>br Im boVr h¡& ¶h à¶moJ {~ëbr na H$B© ~ma Xmoham¶m J¶m& ha ~ma {~ëbr
CÔrnZ EH$ AZw{H«$¶m go gå~pÝYV hmo OmVm h¡ AWm©V² CÔrnZ AZw{H«$¶m Ho$
Zo ~mha {ZH$bZo ‘| erK«Vm {XImB© Am¡a AÝVV… EH$ g‘¶ Eogm Am J¶m {H$
‘ܶ ‘| AZw~ÝY hmo OmVm h¡& AV… Bg A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$mo S-R Bond
{~ëbr {~Zm ^yb {H$¶o hr gÝXÿH$ go ~mha {ZH$b Am¶r&
Theory ^r H$hH$a gå~mo{YV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo A{YJ‘ H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþE H$hm {H$ A{YJ‘ ñZm¶w
‘ÊS>b ‘| n[apñW{V¶m| Am¡a AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ ‘ܶ g§¶moJ gå~ÝYm| Ho$ ~ZZo VWm
g~{bV hmoZo H$s ~mV h¡&
CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝY {gÕmÝV H$mo gå~ÝYdmX ^r H$hm OmVm
h¡& Bg gå~ÝYdmX H$s n[a^mfm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ aoZ Zo Bg àH$ma Xr h¡ {H$
gå~ÝYdmX dh {gÕmÝV h¡, Omo g‘ñV ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶mAm| H$s n[apñW{V¶m|
VWm AZw{H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ~rM Ed§ A{O©V gå~ÝY H$m H$m¶© ‘mZVm h¡&
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$m S-R Bond Theory {gÕmÝV {ZåZ KQ>H$m| na
AmYm[aV h¡-
1. CÔrnZ H$m CnpñWV hmoZm&
2. AZw{H«$¶m H$m hmoZm&
3. CÔrnZ (S)-AZw{H«$¶m (R)-AZw~ÝY, Omo CÔrnZ Ed§ AZw{H«$¶m ‘|

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
2. ^yb-^wb¡¶m à¶moJ
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo Xÿgam à¶moJ Myhm| na {H$¶m& ^yIo Myho H$mo ^yb-^wb¡¶m Ho$ àdoe
Ûma go AÝXa H$a {X¶m OmVm Wm Am¡a H$ht na ^yb-^wb¡¶m Ho$ ~rM nZra aI
{X¶m OmVm Wm& nhbr ~ma Myhm H$m’$s g‘¶ VH$ AÝYnWm| ‘| ^Q>H$Vm ahm
Am¡a AÝV ‘| g§¶moJ de EH$ ghr amñVm {‘b J¶m, Omo Cgo {Z{X©îQ> ñWmZ VH$
nhþ±Mm gH$m& Bg na H$B© ~ma H$s JB© {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ’$bñdê$n ~mX dmbr {H«$¶mAm|
‘| H«$‘e… g‘¶ ‘| H$‘r AmB©& Myhm Yrao-Yrao AÝYnWm| ‘| ^Q>H$ H$a AÝV ‘|
ghr amñVm AnZmZm grI J¶m Am¡a Cgo ^yb-^wb¡¶m Ho$ Ûma na N>mo‹S>Zo na
dh ghr amñVm AnZmH$a VwaÝV {Z{X©îQ> ñWmZ na nhþ±M H$a nZra Im J¶m&
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo AnZo Bg à¶moJ go {ZåZ{b{IV {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbo-
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1. grIZo Ho$ {bE g~go nhbr Amdí¶H$Vm CÔoí¶ hmoVm h¡, O¡go D$na
Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| ^moOZ àmßV H$aZm&
2. CÔoí¶ Ho$ nrN>o H$moB© àoaH$ AWdm A[^àoaH$ hmoVm h¡, O¡go D$na Ho$
à¶moJ ‘| ^yI&
3. CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á Ho$ {bE H$moB© CÔrnZ hmoZm Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡, O¡go
D$na Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| ‘N>br (^moOZ)&
4. CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á Ho$ {bE AZw{H«$¶m Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡, O¡go D$na
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Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| {~ëbr H$m {nÝOao go ~mha AmZo Ho$ {bE à¶ËZ H$aZm&
5. Omo AZw{H«$¶mE± CÔoí¶ àm{á ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVr h¡, CÝh| grIZo dmbm
AnZmVm MbVm h¡ Am¡a Omo {H«$¶mE± {ZaW©H$ hmoVr h¢, CÝh| N>mo‹S>Vm
MbVm h¡, O¡go D$na Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| {~ëbr Zo {H$¶m&
6. CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á na grIZo dmbo Ho$ VpÝÌH$m VÝÌ ‘| CÔrnZ
Am¡a CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á ‘§o ghm¶H$ AZw{H«$¶m ‘| e{³Vembr gå~ÝY
ñWm{nV hmo OmVm h¡, ^{dî¶ ‘| O~ H$^r ^r grIZo dmbo Ho$ gm‘Zo
dhr CÔrnZ CnpñWV hmoVm h¡, Vmo dh CgHo$ à{V dhr AZw{H«$¶m
H$aVm h¡& Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$s ÑpîQ> go ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ‘pñVîH$ go CÔrnZ-
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AZw{H«$¶m ‘| ¶h ep³Vembr AZw~ÝY ñWm{nV hmoZm hr grIZm h¡&
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo BÝht V϶m| H$mo grIZo Ho$ CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV
Ho$ ê$n ‘| à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m& Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZo Ho$ {bE nhbr
Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡- CÔrnZ, Xÿgar AmdíH$¶Vm hmoVr h¡- AZw{H«$¶m Am¡a
Vrgar Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡- CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m ‘| JhZ gå~ÝY& h‘ OmZVo
h¢ {H$ O~ {H$gr CÔrnZ Ho$ à{V ghr AZw{H«$¶m hmoVr h¡, Vmo Cggo grIZo
dmbo H$mo gÝVwpîQ> hmoVr h¡ Am¡a dh Cg AZw{H«$¶m H$m M¶Z H$a boVm h¡& ¶h
dh pñW{V hmoVr h¡, O~ CÔrnZ AZw{H«$¶m ‘§o e{³Vembr AZw~ÝY hmo OmVm h¡&
6.5.2 Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ JwU Ed§ {deofVmE±
1. ¶h {gÕmÝV, CÔrnZ Am¡a AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ gå~ÝY H$mo grIZo H$m
AmYma^yV ñVå^ ‘mZVm h¡&
2. ¶h {gÕmÝV, {ejU H$m¶© ‘| àoaUm H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd XoVm h¡&
3. ¶h {gÕmÝV, Bg ~mV na ~b XoVm h¡ {H$ grIZm EH$ Agå~Õ
à{H«$¶m Zht h¡, ~pëH$ à˶j, J˶mË‘H$, kmZmË‘H$ VWm ^mdmË‘H$
A§Jm| H$m EH$ n§wO h¡&
4. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma, Omo ì¶{³V CÔrnZm| Am¡a AZw{H«$¶mAm| ‘§o
{OVZm A{YH$ gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$a boVm h¡, CVZm hr A{YH$ dh
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 81
~w{Õ‘mZ hmo OmVm h¡&
5. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AmYma na Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo grIZo Ho$ VrZ ‘w»¶
{Z¶‘m| H$mo à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m h¡& VËnaVm H$m {Z¶‘, Aä¶mg H$m
{Z¶‘, à^md ¶m n[aUm‘ H$m {Z¶‘&
6.5.3 Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s H${‘¶m±
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s AZoH$ Cn¶mo{JVmE± hmoVo hþE ^r BgH$s Hw$N> H${‘¶m±
h¢& ¶o {ZåZmZwgma h¢-
1. N>mÌ Ho$db à¶ËZ Ed§ ^yb Ûmam hr Zht grIVm h¡, ~pëH$ gyP Ed§
Aݶ ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmAm| Ho$ Cn¶moJ Ûmam ^r grIVm h¡&
2. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZo Ho$ {bE CÔrnZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm
hmoVr h¡, bo{H$Z N>mÌ {~Zm ~mø CÔrnZm| Ho$ ^r AZw{H«$¶m H$a
grIVm h¡&
3. Bg {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ newAm| na à¶moJ H$aHo$ {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
AV… ¶h {gÕmÝV ‘Zwî¶m| Ho$ grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m na nyU© ê$n go
bmJy Zht hmoVm h¡&
4. ¶h {gÕmÝV grIZo H$mo EH$ ¶mpÝÌH$ à{H«$¶m ‘mZVm h¡, O~{H$
‘Zwî¶ Ho$ grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ~w{Õ, VH©$, {MÝVZ Am¡a {ddoH$ Am{X
H$s ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m hmoVr h¡&
5. à¶ËZ Ed§ ^yb Ûmam grIZo ‘o| g‘¶ A{YH$ bJVm h¡&
6. ¶h {gÕmÝV A{YJ‘ Ho$ H$maUm| na àH$me Zht S>mbVm h¡&
7. Bg {gÕmÝV ‘| {Z{hV Aä¶mg Ho$ {Z¶‘ H$m àm¶… Xþén¶moJ hmoVm h¡&
8. Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m ‘mZZm h¡ {H$ {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo grIZo hoVw
{ZaW©H$ à¶mg H$s Anojm {H$gr EH$ {d{eîQ> {d{Y go grIm OmZm
A{YH$ AÀN>m h¡&
6.5.4 Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ûmam à{Vnm{XV à¶ËZ Ed§ ^yb Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm
‘hÎdnyU© h¡& gm‘mݶ OrdZ ‘| Am¡a AZoH$ AZwgÝYmZm| ‘| Bg {gÕmÝV H$m
à¶moJ hmoVm ahVm h¡& J{UV Ho$ {ejU ‘| à¶ËZ Ed§ ^yb Ûmam hr àmapå^H$
AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| H$mo J{UV {gImB© OmVr h¡& nyd© àmW{‘H$ H$jmAm| ‘| ^r Bg
{d{Y Ûmam ~mbH$m| H$moo n‹T>m¶m d {gIm¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a {gIm¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
CXmhaUmW© ewÕ Ed§ ñnîQ> {bIZo Ho$ {bE ~ma-~ma Aä¶mg H$amZm Amdí¶H$
h¡& Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo AnZr nwñVH$ EOwHo$eZ E ’$ñQ>© ~wH$ ‘| AnZo {gÕmÝV H$s
e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm Ho$ ~mao ‘| {dñVma go dU©Z {H$¶m h¡& BZ‘| go Hw$N> à‘wI
gwPmdm| H$m dU©Z àñVwV h¡-
1. H$jm Ho$ CÔoí¶ ñnîQ>V… n[a^m{fV hmoZo Mm{hE Am¡a do grIZo dmbo
H$s j‘VmAm| H$s nhþ±M Ho$ AÝXa hmoZo Mm{hE&
2. H$jm Ho$ CÔoí¶m| H$mo N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r BH$mB¶m| ‘| ~m±Q> XoZm Mm{hE, Vm{H$
{ejm{W©¶m| H$mo ghr AZw{H«$¶m H$aZo ‘| H$‘ à¶mg H$aZo n‹S>o&
3. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma [ejmWu H$m ì¶dhma ~mø nwZ~©bH$m| go
A{YH$ à^m[dV hmoVm h¡& AV… {ejH$m| H$mo Mm{hE {H$ do ~mbH$m| H$mo
ghr AZw{H«$¶m H$aZo na àe§gm Ed§ nwañH$ma Xo Am¡a JbV AZw{H«$¶m
H$mo hVmoËgm{hV H$ao&
 n¥îR> 82 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
4. H$jm H$m e¡{jH$ dmVmdaU Eogm hmoZm Mm{hE {H$ {ejmWu AnZo grIo
hþE kmZ H$m OrdZ ‘| Cn¶moJ H$a gHo$& BgHo$ {bE ¶Wmgå^d grIo
JE H$m¡ebm| Ho$ Cn¶moJ H$m Aä¶mg H$amZm Mm{hE&
5. O{Q>b {df¶m| Ed§ àH$aUm| H$mo grIZo na A{YH$ ~b Zht XoZm
Mm{hE& {OÝh| ~ÀMo AÀN>r Vah go grI gHo$, CZH$m ~ma-~ma
Aä¶mg H$amZm Mm{hE&
6. {ejH$m| H$mo à˶oH$ N>mÌ na ܶmZ XoZm Mm{hE Am¡a CgH$s
AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$m AdbmoH$Z H$a ghr AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ M¶Z ‘| gh¶moJ
XoZm Mm{hE&
7. {ejH$ ñd¶§ H$mo ¶h nVm hmoZm Mm{hE {H$ Cgo ³¶m n‹T>mZm h¡ Am¡a
H¡$go n‹T>mZm h¡& Cgo n‹T>mE OmZo dmbo kmZ H$m ~mbH$m| Ho$ nyd© kmZ go
gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$aZm Mm{hE Am¡a ^{dî¶ ‘| ~mbH$ BgH$m Cn¶moJ
H¡$go H$ao, ¶h ^r ~VmZm Mm{hE&
8. {ejH$m| H$mo CZ n[apñW{V¶m| H$m nVm bJmZm Mm{hE, {OZ‘| ~ÀMo
grI Zht nmVo&
9. {ejH$m| H$mo ¶h ^r {ZpíMV H$aZm Mm{hE {H$ CÝh| ~mbH$m| H$mo
H$m¡Z-gr AZw{H«$¶mE± {gImZr h¡ Am¡a H$m¡Z-gr AZw{H«$¶mE± Zht
{gImZr h¡&
10. ¶{X {ejH$ g‘PVo h¢ {H$ {H$gr {H«$¶m H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE EH$ hr
AZw{H«$¶m n¶m©á h¡, Vmo ~ÀMm| H$mo AZmdí¶H$ {H«$¶mE± H$aZo Ho$ {bE
‘Zm H$aZm Mm{hE&
11. {ejH$ ~mbH$m| H$mo AZw{H«$¶mE± H$aZm Cgr T>§J go {gImE±, {Og T>§J
go CÝh| CZ AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$mo ^{dî¶ ‘| XmohamZm h¡&
12. {ejH$m| H$mo Mm{hE {H$ do N>mÌm| H$mo ñdVÝÌ ê$n go H$m¶© H$aZo
H$m Adga àXmZ H$ao& CÝh| ¶h ܶmZ aIZm h¡ {H$ N>mÌ H$ht
AZmdí¶H$ g‘¶ Vmo ~~m©X Zht H$a aho h¢&
13. Bg {gÕmÝV go ¶h {d{XV hmoVm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$m| H$mo {gImZo Ho$ {bE
CZH$s ì¶{³VJV {^ÝZVmAmo§ H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIm OmZm Mm{hE&
14. ~mbH$m| Ho$ A{YJ‘ ‘| A{^d¥[Îm H$m {deof ‘hÎd hmoVm h¡& AV…
~mbH$m| Ho$ A{YJ‘ go nyd© A{YJ‘ Ho$ à{V gH$mamË‘H$ ÑpîQ>H$moU
{dH${gV {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
6.6 {H«$¶m-àgyV AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV
Bg {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ A‘o[aH$m Ho$ ~r. E’$. pñH$Za Zo {H$¶m& {H«$¶m-
àgyV AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV H$m ¶h Zm‘ Bg{bE aIm J¶m, ³¶m|{H$ ¶h Hw$N>
EH$ {H«$¶mAm| na AmYm[aV h¡, Omo {H$ {H$gr ì¶p³V H$mo H$aZr hmoVr h¢& Bg
{gÕmÝV ‘| emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ Ho$ g^r {gÕmÝV nm¶o OmVo h¢, {’$a ^r XmoZm|
‘| {^ÝZVm h¡&
nmdbm°d Ho$ emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV ‘o§ Hw$Îmo H$mo ‘oO go ^br-^m±{V
~m±Ym J¶m Wm Am¡a dh g{H«$¶ Zht Wm, {H$ÝVw pñH$Za Ho$ grIZo H$s {H«$¶m ‘o§
à¶moÁ¶ {H«$¶merb ahVo h¢& ¶hr H$maU h¡ {H$ Bg {gÕmÝV H$mo {H«$¶m-‘ybH$
AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV H$hm J¶m h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
6.6.1 pñH$Za Ho$ à¶moJ
pñH$Za Zo ewê$ ‘| àm¶mo{JH$ H$m¶© Myhm| H$mo boH$a {H$¶o& CÝh| pñH$Za no{Q>H$m
‘| aIm OmVm Wm Am¡a CÝh| ^moOZ J«hU H$aZo hoVw brda X~mZm n‹S>Vm Wm&
BgHo$ ~mX ‘| Aݶ newAm| na à¶moJ {H$¶o Am¡a {ejU ¶ÝÌm| H$mo à¶moJ ‘| {b¶m
J¶m& aoIr¶ A{^H«${‘V AZwXoeZ nyar Vah pñH$Za Ho$ Bg A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV
na AmYm[aV h¡& pñH$Za Zo gd©àW‘ AnZm à¶moJ Myhm| na {H$¶m Am¡a CgHo$
níMmV² H$~yVam| na&
pñH$Za Zo EH$ Eogr no{Q>H$m H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m, {Og‘| EH$ N>‹S> Am¡a
^moOZ Ho$ {bE EH$ VíVar Ow‹S>r hþB© Wr& CgZo EH$ ^yIo Myho H$mo Bg no{Q>H$m
‘| aIm& dh no{Q>H$m ‘| BYa-CYa Ky‘Vm Wm, O¡go hr dh N>‹S> H$mo X~mVm
^moOZ VíVar ‘| Am OmVm& O~ ^moOZ Zo Myho Ho$ Bg ì¶dhma H$m nwZ~©bZ
H$a {X¶m, Vmo dh ~ma-~ma N>‹S> H$mo X~mZo H$m H$m¶© H$aZo bJm& Myho H$mo N>‹S>
X~mZo na ^moOZ Ho$db Cgr g‘¶ CnbãY hmoVm, O~ gmW ‘| ‘rR>r Üd{Z ^r
hmoVr& Yrao-Yrao Myho Zo gm‘mݶrH$aU H$a {b¶m Am¡a dh Ho$db Cgr g‘¶ N>‹S>
X~mVm, O~{H$ ‘rR>r Üd{Z hmoVr&
pñH$Za Zo Bgr Vah Ho$ à¶moJ H$~yVam| na {H$¶o& BZ à¶moJm| H$s ‘XX
Ûmam pñH$Za {M{‹S>¶m| H$mo nwañH¥$V H$aHo$ CÝh| n[a‘m{O©V Ed§ n[ad{V©V H$aZo ‘|
g’$b hþE& ¶hm± VH$ {H$ {M{‹S>¶m± qnJ-nm|J Iob ^r IobZo bJt&
pñH$Za Zo AnZo {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma S-R gyÌ H$mo R-S gyÌ ‘|o ~Xb
{X¶m&
S-R gyÌ Ho$ AZwgma {~Zm CÎmoOH$ Ho$ AZw{H«$¶m Zht hmo gH$Vr& Bg
‘V H$m CÝhm|Zo {damoY {H$¶m& CZH$s ‘mݶVm h¡ {H$ kmV CÎmoOH$ Ho$ {~Zm
AZw{H«$¶m K{Q>V hmo gH$Vr h¡& CZHo$ AZwgma AZw{H«$¶m nhbo hmoZr Mm{hE Am¡a
CÎmoOH$ ~mX ‘| {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE, {H$ÝVw dm§{N>V AZw{H«$¶m H$m H¥${Ì‘ CÎmoOH$
Ûmam nwZ~©bZ Oê$ar h¡, AݶWm AZw{H«$¶m ‘| õmg hmoZo bJVm h¡& nwZ~©bZ
C{MV AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ níMmV² hr XoZm Mm{hE, nhbo Zht& pñH$Za Ho$ AZwgma ¶h
AZw{H«$¶m (R) hr h¡, Omo g~b hmoVr h¡, Z {H$ CÎmoOH$-AZw{H«$¶m (S-R)
~ÝYZ&
pñH$Za H$m {H«$¶m àgyV {gÕmÝV Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {Z¶‘ Ho$ AÝVJ©V M¶Z
Ed§ g§¶moOZ na AmYm[aV h¡& Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$s Vah pñH$Za Zo Xmo Vah Ho$ A{YJ‘
H$mo ‘mZm h¡, {H$ÝVw JwWar H$s ^m±{V CgZo Cg A{YJ‘ na A{YH$ ~b {X¶m
h¡, Omo {H$ n[aUm‘m| Ûmam {Z¶pÝÌV hmoVm h¡&
pñH$Za Zo ì¶dhma H$mo Xmo ^mJm| ‘| {d^³V {H$¶m h¡- AZw{H«$¶mË‘H$
Am¡a {H«$¶m àgyVmË‘H$& naånamJV ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ AZwgma CÔrnZ Ho$ A^md
‘| AZw{H«$¶m Zht hmoVr& pñH$Za Zo AZw{H«$¶m H$mo Xmo ^mJm| ‘| {d^³V {H$¶m h¡-
1. àH$me ‘| AmZo dmbr AZw{H«$¶m
2. CËgO©Z à{V{H«$¶m&
Omo AZw{H«$¶m kmV àoaH$ Ûmam àH$me ‘| bmB© OmVr h¡, CgH$mo àH$m{eV
AZw{H«$¶m H$hVo h¢& BgHo$ {dnarV Xÿgao àH$ma H$s AZw{H«$¶mE± hmoVr h¢, {OZH$m
gå~ÝY {H$gr kmV àoaH$ go Zht hmoVm& Bg Vah H$s CËgO©Z AZw{H«$¶m H$mo
{H«$¶m àgyV H$hVo h¢& naånamJV ‘mݶVm ¶h h¡ {H$ Bg àH$ma H$s AZw{H«$¶m
H$mo ^r àH$m{eV AZw{H«$¶m ñdrH$ma H$amo, {OgH$m CÎmoOH$ ^bo hr kmV Z hmo&
pñH$Za H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ {H«$¶m-àgyV ì¶dhma H$mo g‘PZo hoVw CÎmoOH$ XemAm|
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
H$m H$moB© ‘hÎd Zht h¡, ³¶m|{H$ {H«$¶m àgyV ì¶dhma CÎmoOH$ Ûmam àH$me ‘|
Zht AmVm& g{H«$¶Vm H$m {H$gr nyd© CÎmoOH$ Ho$ gmW gå~ÝY hmo gH$Vm h¡&
Eogr pñW{V ‘| ¶h {d^oXrH¥$V {H«$¶m àgyV hmo OmVm h¡&
AZw{H«$¶m H$s Vah AZw~ÝYZ ^r Xmo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢-
1. CÔrnH$ AZw~ÝYZ
2. AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝYZ
g§jon ‘| CÔrnH$ AZw~ÝYZ H$mo S VWm AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝYZ H$mo R
AZw~ÝYZ H$hm OmVm h¡&
S àH$ma Ho$ AZw~ÝYZ H$m gå~ÝY AZw{H«$¶mË‘H$ ì¶dhma go Bg{bE
hmoVm h¡ {H$ nwZ~©bZ H$m gå~ÝY CÎmoOH$ go hmoVm h¡& nmdbm°d H$m AZw~ÝYZ
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gå~ÝYr {gÕmÝV S àH$ma H$m hr h¡& pñH$Za S àH$ma Ho$ grIZo H$mo ‘hÎd
XoVo h¢& ¶h AZw~ÝYZ {H«$¶m àgyV ì¶dhma AZw~ÝYZ VWm nwZ~©bZ go Ow‹S>m
hmoVm h¡& Bggo EH$ àH$ma H$s à{V{H«$¶m hmoVr h¡, Omo {H$ nwZ~©bZ go gå~pÝYV
hmoVr h¡, Z H$s CÔrnZ go& Bg {dMma H$mo nwîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE pñH$Za Zo brda
X~mZo H$m CXmhaU àñVwV {H$¶m& brda X~mZo H$s à{V{H«$¶m H$mo ^moOZ n«ñVwV
H$aZo nwîQ> {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
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6.6.2 pñH$Za Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s H${‘¶m±
1. {H«$¶m-àgyV CÎmoOH$ AWdm CÔrnZ àgyV ‘| ^«‘ ì¶má ahVm h¡,
{OgHo$ H$maU {H«$¶m-àgyV AZw~ÝYZ Am¡a CÔrnZ àgyV AZw~ÝYZ
‘| ñnîQ> AÝVa H$aZm H${R>Z hmoVm h¡&
2. A{YJ‘ Ed§ {H«$¶mH$bmn ‘| pñH$Za H$moB© AÝVa Zht g‘PVo, O~{H$
Xÿgao ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ nwZ~©brH$aU grIZo H$s Anojm
bú¶ H$s ÑpîQ> go {H«$¶mH$bmn H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡&
3. {H«$¶m àgyV Ho$ g^r à¶moJ {Z¶pÝÌV n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| hþE& AV… BZ
{Z¶pÝÌV n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| {H$¶o J¶o à¶moJm| go CnbãY {Z¶‘ {H$g
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àH$ma grIZo H$s àmH¥${VH$ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| bmJy {H$¶o Om gH$Vo h¢&
4. {H«$¶m àgyV ‘| à¶moJm| Ho$ {df¶ new AWdm Aݶ Ord Wo& AV…
CZ na AmYm[aV {Z¶‘ grIZo H$s gm‘m{OH$ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| H¡$go
Cn¶moJr hmo gH$Vo h¢&
6.6.3 pñH$Za Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm
1. dm§{N>V AZw{H«$¶mAm| Ho$ nwZ~©brH$aU go ~mbH$m|, {deofH$a N>moQ>o
~ÀMm| H$mo àmoËgmhZ {‘bVm h¡ Am¡a do C{MV ì¶dhma H$aZo bJVo
h¢& XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ O~ ~mbH$ ‘hgyg H$aVm h¡ {H$ CgHo$ n‹T>Zo
H$s Amoa ܶmZ Zht {X¶m Om ahm, Vmo dh CXmgrZ hmo OmVm h¡&
AV… Amdí¶H$Vm ahVr h¡ {H$ {ejH$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ C{MV H$m¶© H$mo
à~bZ XoVm aho& {ejH$ {H«$¶m H$m à~bZ ‘wñH$amhQ> VWm A{YH$
A§H$ àXmZ H$aHo$, ghmZw^y{V àH$Q> H$aHo$ AWdm àe§gm H$aHo$ H$a
gH$Vm h¡& ~‹S>r H$jmAm| ‘| à~bZ AZwH«${‘V AZwXoeZ Ho$ Ûmam
{X¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Bg AW© hoVw {ejU ¶ÝÌm| H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡& H$B© ~ma XoIZo ‘| Am¶m h¡ {H$ Mm°H$boQ> Ho$ bmbM ‘|
N>moQ>o ~ÀMo ~maå~ma C{MV {bIZo Am¡a n‹T>Zo H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢ Am¡a
AÝVV… ghr {bIZm-n‹T>Zm grI OmVo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 83
2. dm§{N>V Am¡a Cn¶w³V ì¶dhma H$m nwZ~©bZ nwañH$ma Ûmam VwaÝV
H$aZm Mm{hE& Bg‘| Xoa hmoZo go à^md H$‘ hmo OmVm h¡& AܶmnH$
Ûmam J¥h-H$m¶© H$mo {ZpíMV {XZ Z XoIZo na N>mÌ CXmgrZ hmo OmVo
h¢ Am¡a Cgo H$aZm ~ÝX H$a XoVo h¢&
3. ¶h {gÕmÝV Aä¶mg Am¡a nwZamd¥{Îm H$mo ‘hÎd XoVm h¡& AV…
AܶmnH$ H$m H$Îm©ì¶ h¡ {H$ dh {ejU ‘| BZ {H«$¶mAm| H$m Cn¶moJ
H$ao&
4. AZwH«${‘V AZwXoeZ Bg {gÕmÝV na nyar Vah AmYm[aV h¡& BgHo$
AÝVJ©V N>mÌ AnZr j‘Vm Ho$ AZwgma grIVo h¢& N>mÌ V^r AJ«ga
hmoVm h¡, O~{H$ CgH$m C[MV CÎma Ûmam à~bZ hmo OmVm h¡&
5. ¶h {gÕmÝV A{^àoaUm na ~b XoVm h¡& {ejH$ H$m H$Îm©ì¶ h¡ {H$
dh ~mbH$m| H$mo {df¶-dñVw Ho$ CÔoí¶ H$mo ñnîQ> H$aHo$, CÔoí¶ ny{V©
hoVw ào[aV H$aVm aho& àoaUm àXmZ H$aZo go ~mbH$ grIZo hoVw gX¡d
VËna ahVo h¢&
6.7 nwZ~©bZ H$m {gÕmÝV
³bmH©$ Eb. hb ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ gåàXm¶ H$s ÑpîQ> go ì¶dhmadmXr h¡& dV©‘mZ
H$mb ‘| ¶h {gÕmÝV gå^dV… g~go à‘wI h¡& A‘o[aH$m Ho$ ¶ob {díd{dÚmb¶
‘| hb Zo grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m go gå~pÝYV AZoH$ à¶moJ {H$¶o& CgZo Wm°Z©S>mBH$
d dwS>dW© Ûmam {H$¶o J¶o à¶moJm| Am¡a CZ na AmYm[aV grIZo H$s ì¶m»¶m H$m
^r AmbmoMZmË‘H$ Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m& hb Zo gd©àW‘ AnZo {gÕmÝV H$s aMZm
1930 ‘| H$s& V~ ¶h bJ^J gånyU© ê$n go Ho$db EH$ gm‘mݶ à{VñWmnZ
Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ g‘mZ hr Wm& AV… hb H$m {gÕmÝV CÎmoOZm-à{V{H«$¶m H$m hr
Xÿgam ê$n Wm& O¡gm D$na ~Vm¶m Om MwH$m h¡ {H$ hb Ho$ {dMma ì¶dhmadmXr
h¢, naÝVw VH©$ d {gÕmÝV Ho$ àñVwVrH$aU ‘| hb à¶moJdmXr ‘Zmo{dkmZ go
^r A{YH$ à^m{dV h¡& hb grIZo ‘| MoVZm H$m ñWmZ Zht ‘mZVo h¢, CÝhm|Zo
grIZo H$s ì¶dhmadmXr Am¡a ¶mpÝÌH$ ì¶m»¶m CnpñWV H$s h¡& ¶m{ÝÌH$ grIZo
‘| Aä¶mg H$m {deof ‘hÎd hmoVm h¡&
hb Zo Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ûmam à{Vnm{XV n[aUm‘ à^md Ho$ {Z¶‘ VWm
nmdbm°d Ho$ gå~ÝY-à{V{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV Ho$ AmYma na hr AnZo {gÕmÝV
H$mo àñVwV {H$¶m h¡& CgZo AnZo {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ ì¶dhma Ho$ {gÕmÝV
Zm‘H$ nwñVH$ ‘| àñVwV {H$¶m J¶m& Bg {gÕmÝV H$m ZdrZ ê$n 1951 ‘|
àH$m{eV ì¶dhma Ho$ Amdí¶H$ VÎd Zm‘H$ nwñVH$ ‘| {H$¶m& CgZo nwZ~©bZ
na {deoîm ~b {X¶m& Cg g‘¶ go CgH$m {gÕmÝV nwZ~©bZ H$m {gÕmÝV
H$hbmZo bJm& hb Zo grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| Ho$db CÎmoOZm VWm à{H«$¶m na hr
~b Zht {X¶m, naÝVw grIZo dmbm| H$r ‘ZmoXem, CZH$r Amdí¶H$VmAm| VWm
bú¶m| H$mo ^r C{MV ñWmZ {X¶m&
6.7.1 {gÕmÝV H$s ì¶m»¶m
hb Zo AnZo {gÕmÝV H$s ì¶m»¶m 17 ñd¶§ {g{Õ¶m|, 17 Cn-{gÕmÝVm| VWm
133 à‘o¶ Ho$ AmYma na H$s h¡& grIZo H$s {H«$¶m H$m AmYma Amdí¶H$VmAm|
H$s ny{V© H$aVm h¡, Vmo dh Cg AmMaU AWdm ì¶dhma H$mo grI boVm h¡& hb
 n¥îR> 84 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
nwZ~©bZ ¶m g~brH$aU H$s à{H«$¶m ‘mZVo h¢, {Oggo àmUr H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm|
H$s ny{V© hmoVr h¡ VÏmm MmbH$ H$s gÝVwpîQ> hmoVr h¡& hb Zo grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m
‘| MmbH$ H$m ~hþV ‘hÎd ~Vm¶m h¡& àoaUm àmUr H$s emar[aH$, ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
Amdí¶H$VmAm| go CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡& A{^àoaUm àmUr ‘| MmbH$ H$m H$m¶© H$aVr
h¡& A{^àoaUm H$s AZwnpñW{V ‘| àmUr Hw$N> Zhr§ grI gH$Vm& A{^àoaUm Ho$
H$maU hr dh {d{eîQ> {H«$¶m H$aVm h¡& A{^àoaUm Ho$ CËnÝZ hmoZo go àmUr {H«$¶m
H$aZm àmaå^ H$a XoVm h¡& A{^àoaUm CËnÝZ hmoZo go àmUr H$s {H«$¶mE± CÔoí¶nyU©
hmo OmVr h¡& Bg àH$ma {H«$¶m H$aZo go Cgo nwañH$ma {‘bVm h¡, Vmo àmUr Cgr
{H«$¶m H$mo XmohamVm h¡& Bg àH$ma nwañH$ma àmUr ‘| CÎmoOZm VWm AZw{H«$¶m Ho$
gå~ÝY H$mo nwîQ> ¶m Ñ‹T> H$aVm h¡& ¶h nwañH$ma hr nwZ~©bZ h¡&
Bg àH$ma bú¶ àm{á go CÎmoOZm Am¡a AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ ~rM gå~ÝY Ñ‹T>
hmo OmVm h¡& Bggo àmUr Ho$ AÝXa VZmd H$‘ hmo OmVm h¡, {Oggo Cgo {d{eîQ>
AZw{H«$¶m ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡& AV… grIZo H$m H$m¶© Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V©
H$s à{H«$¶m h¡& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘| Amdí¶H$Vm H$s H$‘r, Amdí¶H$Vm ny{V© H$aZo Ho$
{bE hmoZr Mm{hE&
hb Ho$ AZwgma O~ Amdí¶H$Vm H$‘ hmo OmVr h¡, Vmo S-R Omo
Amdí¶H$Vm H$‘ hmoZo Ho$ g‘¶ àñVwV hmoVo h¢, Ñ‹T> hmo OmVo h¢& Bg àH$ma hb
n[aUm‘ H$m {Z¶‘ Am¡a gå~Õ à{V{H«$¶m Ho$ {Z¶‘ XmoZm| H$mo {‘bm XoVo h¢&
Amdí¶H$Vm H$‘ hmoZo H$m VmËn¶© hr ¶h h¡ {H$ g’$b à{V{H«$¶m hþB© h¡& g’$b
à{V{H«$¶m S-R gå~ÝY H$mo ‘O~yV ~ZmVr h¡&
6.7.2 nwZ~©bZ H$s AdñWmE±
hb Zo g~brH$aU ¶m nwZ~©bZ H$s Xmo AdñWmE± ~VmB© h¢-
1. àmW{‘H$ nwZ~©bZ
àmW{‘H$ nwZ~©bZ go VmËn¶© CZ CÎmoOZmAm| go h¡, {OZgo {H$gr àmUr H$s
Amdí¶H$Vm ‘| H$‘r Am OmVr h¡& O¡go ^moOZ Ho$ Im boZo go ^moOZ H$s
Amdí¶H$VmAm|o H$s ny{V© hmo OmVr h¢ Bg àH$ma àmUr Cg {H«$¶m H$mo XmohamVm h¡,
{Oggo Cgo ^moOZ {‘bVm h¡&
2. {ÛVr¶H$ nwZ~©bZ
ÛVr¶H$ nwZ~©bZ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| hb Zo {bIm h¡ {H$ gmdYmZr go {H$¶o J¶o
AdbmoH$Zm| Am¡a à¶moJm| Zo ‘w»¶ ê$n go CÀM Ordm| na {H$¶o J¶o AdbmoH$Zm|
Am¡a à¶moJm| Zo Eogr n[apñW{V¶m± àH$Q> H$s h¢, {OZ‘| A{YJ‘ Vmo hmoVm h¡, naÝVw
CgHo$ gmW {H$gr àmW{‘H$ Amdí¶H$Vm ‘| H$‘r Zht hmoVr&
^moOZ H$mo ^yI Ho$ ê$n ‘| {b¶m J¶m h¡, naÝVw ^moOZ {‘b OmZo na
^r O~ VH$ dh Im Zht {b¶m OmVm Am¡a hO‘ Zht hmo OmVm, V~ VH$ CgH$s
Amdí¶H$Vm ‘| H$‘r Zht hmoVr&
dñVwV… ¶h àVrV hmoVm h¡ {H$ ^yI Ho$ gÝVwîQ> hmoZo go nyd© nwZ~©bZ
hmoVm h¡& n¡gm EH$ nwZ~©bZ H$m gmYZ h¡, naÝVw Bggo à˶j ê$n go {H$gr
àmW{‘H$ Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© Zht hmoVr, O~ VH$ {H$ Bggo {H$gr MrO H$s
àm{á Zht H$a br OmVr h¡& AV… hb Zo ~Vm¶m h¡ {H$ nwZ~©bZ A{^H$aU EH$
Eogr n[apñW{V Ho$ ê$n ‘| ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡, {Og‘| Eogo CÛrnZm| H$m EH$ ¶m¡{JH$
g‘wÀM¶ hmoo {OgH$m Amdí¶H$Vm ‘| H$‘r Ho$ gmW {ZH$Q> Am¡a gwg§JV gå~ÝY
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
ahm hmo& Bgr H$mo {ÛVr¶H$ nwZ~©bZ H$hm OmVm h¡&
6.7.3 hb Ho$ à¶moJ
hb Zo EH$ Xmo ImZm| dmbm {nÝOam {b¶m& Xÿgao ImZo ‘| OmZo Ho$ {bE ~rM H$s
Xrdma ‘| EH$ gwamI Wm& EH$ ImZo ‘| Myhm aIm J¶m VWm ~rM H$s Xrdma ‘|
{dÚwV-Ymam àdm{hV H$s JB©& Bg CÎmoOH$ go Myhm AZoH$ àH$ma H$s {H«$¶mE±
H$aZo bJm, CN>b-Hy$X H$aZo bJm, {nÝOao H$s N>‹S>m| H$mo H$mQ>Zo bJm& AÝV
‘|, dh Cg N>oX Ho$ Ûmam Xÿgao ImZo ‘| Hy$X J¶m& BgHo$ níMmV² Xÿgao ImZo ‘|
{dÚwV Ymam àdm{hV H$s JB©& Eogm V~$ VH$ Xmoham¶m J¶m, O~ VH$ Myho Zo Xÿgao
ImZo ‘| Hy$XZm Zhr§ grI {b¶m& ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ Bg àH$ma H$m grIZm n[aUm‘
Ho$ {Z¶‘ Ho$ H$maU hþAm&
Xÿgao à¶moJ ‘| {~Obr H$m PQ>H$m XoZo go Xmo g¡H$ÊS> nhbo EH$ KÊQ>r
~OmB© OmVr h¡& Myhm KÊQ>r H$s AmdmO gwZH$a erK« hr Hy$XZm grI J¶m& Myhm
{~Obr H$m PQ>H$m XoZo go nyd© hr Hy$XZo bJVm h¡, ¶h grIZm gå~Õ à{V{H«$¶m
Ho$ H$maU hþAm&
6.7.4 hb Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s H${‘¶m±
1. hb grIZo H$mo à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> Ûmam grIZo H$s {d{Y¶m| VH$ hr
gr{‘V aIVo h¢&
2. hb grIZo ‘| gH$mamË‘H$ àoaUm na ~b Z XoH$a {ZfoYmË‘H$ àoaUm
na ~b XoVo h¢& N>mÌ {dÚmb¶m| ‘| Bg H$maU Zht OmVo {H$ CÝh|
OmZm hr h¡& do dhm± Hw$N> grIZo Ho$ {bE OmVo h¢, Hw$N> H$m¡Vwhb VWm
ImoO Ho$ H$maUde ^r OmVo h¢&
3. Q>m°b‘¡Z grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| nwZ~©bZ H$mo Amdí¶H$ Zht ‘mZVm&
Bg {gÕmÝV ‘| ¶h Amn{Îm CR>mB© JB© {H$ ¶{X àmUr H$s grIZo H$s
AZw{H«$¶m nwZ~©bZ go hr Ñ‹T> hmoVr h¡, Vmo H$îQ> H$s n[apñW{V ‘|
àmUr H¡$go grIVm h¡?
4. hb H$m {gÕmÝV Myhm| H$mo grIZo ‘| Mmho {H$VZm hr ghr ³¶m| Z hmo,
CgH$mo ‘mZd Ho$ grIZo ‘| ghr Zht ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡&
5. hb H$mo J{UV go A˶{YH$ ào‘ Wm& Bg{bE CgZo AnZo {gÕmÝV
Ho$ AÝVJ©V ñd¶§ {g{Õ¶m| H$s ì¶m»¶m AZmdí¶H$ ê$n go A§H$m|
‘| H$s h¡& ¶mZr CgZo AnZo {gÕmÝV H$mo ‘mÌmË‘H$ ~ZmZo H$m nyU©
à¶mg {H$¶m h¡&
6.7.5 hb Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm
1. hb H$m {gÕmÝV A{YH$ Znm-Vwbm VWm ewÕ h¡& Bg‘| A{^àoaUm|
na A{YH$ ~b {X¶m h¡, ³¶m|{H$ do àmUr H$s ‘yb Amdí¶H$VmAm|
go gå~Õ h¡&
2. hb Zo grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| Ho$db CÎmoOZm Am¡a à{H«$¶m na hr ~b
Zht {X¶m, A{nVw grIZo dmbm| H$s ‘ZmoXem, Amdí¶H$VmAm| VWm
bú¶m| H$mo ^r C{MV ñWmZ {X¶m h¡& dmñdV ‘| hb H$s ¶h g§H$ënZm
g‘H$mbrZ {ejm ‘| g~go ~‹S>m ¶moJ Xo gH$Vr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ dh H$jm
‘| {H$¶o OmZo dmbo {H«$¶mH$bmnm| H$m ~ÀMm| H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$
gmW gå~ÝY Omo‹S>Zo Ho$ {bE EH$ Vm{H©$H$ AmYma àXmZ H$aVr h¡&
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV n¥îR> 85

3. Bg {gÕmÝV H$m H$jm {ejU ‘| {deof ‘hÎd h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ¶h
{gÕmÝV ~VmVm h¡ {H$ {dÚmb¶ H$s {d{^ÝZ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| ~ÀMm| H$s
Amdí¶H$VmAm| VWm é{M¶m| na ~b {X¶m Om¶o&
4. ~mbH$m| H$s g’$bVm na CÝh| nwañH¥$V {H$¶m OmE&
5. nmR²>¶dñVw ~mbH$ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm go gå~pÝYV hmoZr Mm{hE&
6. N>mÌm| H$mo {H$gr {H«$¶m H$mo H$aZo Ho$ {bE A{^àoaUm àXmZ H$aZr
Mm{hE&
7. H$jm ‘| n‹T>mB© OmZo dmbr nmR²>¶dñVw Ho$ CÔoí¶ ñnîQ> hmoZo Mm{hE&
^moOZ XoZo go nhbo Hw$N> {XZm| VH$ KÊQ>r ~OmB©& CgHo$ ~mX CgZo ^moOZ Z
XoH$a Ho$db KÊQ>r ~OmB©& V~ ^r Hw$Îmo Ho$ ‘w±h go bma Q>nH$Zo bJr& BgH$m
H$maU ¶h Wm {H$ Hw$Îmo Zo KÊQ>r ~OZo go ¶h grI {b¶m Wm {H$ Cgo ^moOZ
{‘boJm& KÊQ>r Ho$ à{V Hw$Îmo H$s Bg à{V{H«$¶m H$mo nmdbm°d Zo gå~Õ ghO-
{H«$¶m H$s g§km Xr&

6.8 gå~Õ à{V{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV ¶m AZwHy${bV

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AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV
gå~Õ à{V{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ ê$gr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ earaemñÌr AmB©.
nr. nmdbm°d Zo 1904 ‘| {H$¶m Wm& gå~Õ à{V{H«$¶m H$m AW© h¡ Añdm^m{dH$
(~ZmdQ>r) CÔrnZ Ho$ à{V ñdm^m{dH$ (dmñV{dH$) à{V{H«$¶m ¶m AZw{H«$¶m
H$m CËnÝZ hmoZm& Bg ‘V Ho$ AZwgma grIZm EH$ AZwHy${bV AZw{H«$¶m h¡&
~Zm©S>© Ho$ eãXm| ‘| AZwHy${bV AZw{H«$¶m CÎmoOZm H$s nwZamd¥{Îm Ûmam ì¶dhma
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H$m ñdMmbZ h¡, {Og‘| CÎmoOZm nhbo {H$gr {deof AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ gmW bJr
ahVr h¡ Am¡a AÝV ‘| dh {H$gr ì¶dhma H$m H$maU ~Z OmVr h¡, Omo nhbo ‘mÌ
Hw$Îmo Ho$ g‘mZ ~mbH$ Am¡a ì¶p³V ^r gå~Õ ghO-{H«$¶m Ûmam grIVo
gmW bJr hþB© Wr&
h¢& nHo$ hþE Am‘m| ¶m {‘R>mB© H$mo XoIH$a ~mbH$m| Ho$ ‘w±h ‘| nmZr Am OmVm h¢,
^moOZ XoIH$a Hw$Îmo Ho$ ‘w±h go bma Q>nH$Zo bJVr h¡& ¶hm± ^moOZ
CëQ>r H$aZm AZoH$ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| ghO-{H«$¶m h¡, na AZoH$ ‘| ¶h gå~Õ
EH$ ñdm^m{dV CÎmoOH$ ¶m CÔrnH$ h¡ Am¡a Hw$Îmo Ho$ ‘w±h go bma Q>nH$Zm EH$
ghO-{H«$¶m ^r h¡& nhm‹S> na ~g ‘| ¶mÌm H$aVo g‘¶ Hw$N> ì¶p³V CëQ>r H$aZo
ñdm^m{dH$ {H«$¶m ¶m ghO à{H«$¶m h¡, na ¶{X {H$gr Añdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$
bJVo h¢& CZ‘| go Hw$N> Eogo ^r hmoVo h¢, {OZH$mo ¶mÌm àmaå^ hmoZo go nhbo hr
Ho$ H$maU hr Hw$Îmo Ho$ ‘w±h go bma Q>nH$Zo bJo, Vmo Bgo gå~Õ ghO-{H«$¶m
CëQ>r hmoZo bJVr h¡& Hw$N> bmoJ Xÿgam| H$mo CëQ>r H$aVo hþE XoIH$a CëQ>r H$aZo
¶m gå~Õ à{V{H«$¶m H$hVo h¢& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘|, Añdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ Ho$ à{V
bJVo h¢&
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ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ Ho$ g‘mZ hmoZo dmbr à{V{H«$¶m H$mo gå~Õ ghO-{H«$¶m
Ohm± Añdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ H$m ñWmZ J«hU H$a
H$hVo h¢& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘| Añdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ Ho$ à{V ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ Ho$
bo, dhm± ghO-à{V{H«$¶m Ûmam grIZm hmoVm h¡& ghO-à{V{H«$¶m H$m VÝÌ Bg
g‘mZ hmoZo dmbr à{V{H«$¶m H$mo gå~Õ ghO-{H«$¶m H$hVo h¢& BgHo$ AW© H$mo
AmYma na {dH${gV hmoVm h¡-
Am¡a A{YH$ ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE h‘ b¢S>b Ho$ eãXm| ‘| H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ gå~Õ
1. ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ - ñdm^m{dH$ AZw{H«$¶m
ghO-{H«$¶m ‘| H$m¶© Ho$ à{V ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ Ho$ ~Om¶ EH$ à^mdhrZ
^moOZ (UCS) - bma (UCR)
CÎmoOH$ hmoVm h¡, Omo ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ go gå~pÝYV {H$¶o OmZo Ho$ H$maU
2. Añdm^m{dH$+ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ (UCR) - ñdm^m{dH$ AZw{H«$¶m
à^mdnyU© hmo OmVm h¡&
KÊQ>r H$s AmdmO+ ^moOZ (UCS)- bma H$m Q>nH$Zm& (UCR)
O~ àmH¥${VH$ CÔrnH$ Am¡a H¥${Ì‘ CÔrnH$ AZoH$ ~ma gmW-gmW AmVo
3. AZwHy${bV CÎmoOH$ (CS)- AZwHy${bV AZw{H«$¶m (CR)
h¢, Vmo XmoZm| ‘| EH$ gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo OmVm h¡& ¶h gå~ÝY BVZm à^mdembr
UCS - Unconditioned Stimulus
hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ H¥${Ì‘ CÔrnH$ àmH¥${VH$ CÔrnH$ H$s gmar {deofVmE± J«hU H$a UCR - Unconditioned Response
boVm h¡ VWm àmH¥${VH$ CÔrnH$ H$s AZwnpñW{V ‘| Ho$db Añdm^m{dH$ CÔrnH$ CS - Conditioned Stimulus
go hr AZw{H«$¶m gå^d hmo OmVr h¡& CR - Conditioned Response

6.8.1 nmdbm°d H$m à¶moJ 6.8.2 nmdbm°d Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ JwU Ed§ {deofVmE±
gå~Õ ghO-{H«$¶m Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$m gå~ÝY eara {dkmZ go h¡& BgHo$ ‘mZZo 1. ¶h {gÕmÝV grIZo H$s ñdm^m{dH$ {d{Y ~VmVm h¡& AV… ¶h
dmbo {deof ê$n go ì¶dhmadmXr h¢& CZH$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ grIZm EH$ àH$ma ~mbH$m| H$mo {ejm XoZo ‘| ghm¶Vm XoVm h¡&
go CÔrnH$ Am¡a à{V{H«$¶m H$m gå~ÝY h¡& Bg {dMma H$mo g˶ {gÕ H$aZo Ho$ 2. ¶h {gÕmÝV ~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘mOrH$aU Am¡a dmVmdaU go CZH$m
{bE ê$gr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ nmdbm°d Zo Hw$Îmo na EH$ à¶moJ {H$¶m& CgZo Hw$Îmo H$mo gm‘§Oñ¶ ñWm{nV H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm XoVm h¡&

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 86 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
3. Bg {gÕmÝV H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ ^¶-gå~ÝYr amoJm| H$m
CnMma {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
4. g‘mO-‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ {dÛmZm| Ho$ AZwgma Bg {gÕmÝV H$m g‘yh Ho$
{Z‘m©U ‘| ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡&
5. H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma Bg {gÕmÝV H$s ghm¶Vm go ~mbH$m| ‘|
AÀN>o ì¶dhma Am¡a CÎm‘ AZwemgZ H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡&
6. H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma ¶h {gÕmÝV CZ {df¶m| H$s {ejm Ho$ {bE
~hþV Cn¶moJr h¡, {OZ‘| {MÝVZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht h¡, O¡go-
gwboI Am¡a Aja-{dݶmg&
7. pñH$Za Ho$ AZwgma gå~Õ ghO-{H«$¶m AmYma^yV {gÕmÝV h¡,
{Og na grIZm {Z^©a ahVm h¡&
6.8.3 dmQ>gZ H$m à¶moJ
CÔrnH$ AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV ‘mZd ì¶dhma ‘| ^r n[adV©Z bmVo h¢
Am¡a ¶h Om°Z ~r. dmQ>gZ d CZHo$ gh¶moJr Ûmam {H$¶o J¶o à¶moJ go {gÕ hþAm&
CÔrnH$ AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV na gZ² 1920 ‘| à{gÕ ì¶dhmadmXr
Om°Z ~r. dmQ>gZ Ed§ CZHo$ gh¶moJr amogmobr aoZmoa Ûmam Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m J¶m&
CÝhm|Zo EH$ N>moQ>o ~ÀMo Zo H¡$go g§doJmË‘H$ AZw{H«$¶m H$aZm grI {b¶m,
Bg na à¶moJ {H$¶m& CÝhm|Zo EH$ 11 ‘mh Ho$ N>moQ>o ~ÀMo Eë~Q>© na à¶moJ {H$¶m&
g~go nhbo CÝhm|Zo ~ÀMo Ho$ gm‘Zo bmoho H$s am°S> na hWm¡‹S>o go MmoQ> bJmB©, {Ogo
gwZH$a ~ÀMm ~ma-~ma S>a OmVm Wm ¶m CN>b n‹S>Vm Wm& ~ÀMo H$m ~ma-~ma
S>a OmZm EH$ AZw~ÝYZ{dhrZ AZw{H«$¶m h¡& Bgo h‘ ñdV… ào[aV à{V{H«$¶m
^r H$hVo h¢ Am¡a Bg àH$ma H$s AZw{H«$¶m H$m OÝ‘ {OgHo$ Ûmam hmoVm h¡, Cgo
AZw~ÝYZ{dhrZ CÎmoOH$ H$hVo h¢& BZ UCS XmoZm| Am¡a UCR H$m gå~ÝY
aoâbo³g AmH©$ H$hbmVm h¡& AWm©V²
AZw~ÝYZ{dhrZ CÎmoOH $" AZw~ÝYZ{dhrZ AZw{H«$¶m
UCS - VoO AmdmO " UCR - ~ÀMo H$m S>aH$a amoZm
Bg àH$ma ~ÀMo H$mo VoO AmdmO Ho$ gmW S>aH$a amoZm ZE CÎmoOH$ Ho$
gmW {ZH$Q>Vm Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ H$maU ñd¶§ CËnÝZ hþAm ì¶dhma h¡& dmQ>gZ
Ûmam Bgr à¶moJ ‘| ~ÀMo H$mo VoO AmdmO Ho$ gmW hr EH$ g’o$X IaJmoe ^r
{XIm¶m J¶m Am¡a Bgo ~ma-~ma Xmoham¶m, {Oggo AmdmO Am¡a IaJmoe ‘|
{ZH$Q> gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo J¶m Am¡a {’$a ~mX ‘| {g’©$ IaJmoe {XImE OmZo
na ^r ~ÀMm Cgr Vah go S>aH$a amoZo bJm, O¡go VoO AmdmO gwZH$a amoVm Wm,
{Oggo ¶h nVm MbVm h¡ {H$ IaJmoe (CXmgrZ CÎmoOH$) Am¡a VoO AmdmO
XmoZm| Ho$ ~rM AZw~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo J¶m&
AWm©V² CXmgrZ CÎmoOH$ Zo ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ Ho$ O¡gm hr H$m¶© {H$¶m&
Bg‘| AZw~pÝYV CÎmoOH$ Zo ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ IaJmoe Am¡a AZw~pÝYV
AZw{H«$¶m ~ÀMo H$m S>aH$a amoZm h¡& O¡go-
1. AZw~ÝYZ{dhrZ CÎmoOH$ - AZw~ÝYZ{dhrZ AZw{H«$¶m
UCS (VoO AmdmO) - UCR (~ÀMo H$m S>aH$a amoZm)
2. AZw~pÝYV CÎmoOH$ - ~ÀMo H$m S>aH$a amoZm
CS+ UCS (g’o$X IaJmoe + VoO AmdmO)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
3. AZw~pÝYV CÎmoOH$ - AZw~pÝYV AZw{H«$¶m
CS (g’o$X IaJmoe) - CR (S>aH$a amoZm)
Cn¶w©³V à¶moJ Ho$ AmYma na h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ {ZH$Q>Vm Ho$ {gÕmÝV
H$m ~ma-~ma Cn¶moJ H$aHo$ h‘ ~ÀMo ‘| IaJmoe (AZw~pÝYV CÎmoOH$) Ûmam S>a
CËnÝZ H$a gH$Vo h¢& Bgr àH$ma h‘ Aݶ AZw{H«$¶mAm| ‘| ^r ñdm^m{dH$ d
AZw~pÝYV CÎmoOH$ ‘| gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$a gH$Vo h¢&
6.8.4 {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm
Bg {gÕmÝV H$m H$m’$s e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd h¡& EH$ Hw$eb {ejH$ H$jm {ejU ‘| BgH$m
gH$mamË‘H$ Cn¶moJ H$aHo$ ~mbH$m| H$s é{M AnZo {df¶ ‘| OmJ«V² H$a gH$Vm h¡&
ghO {H«$¶m ‘| ^¶, ào‘, é{M, K¥Um Am{X CËnÝZ {H$¶o Om gH$Vo h¢& AܶmnH$
AnZo {df¶ ‘| é{M {ZåZ{b{IV VarH$m| go CËnÝZ H$a gH$Vm h¡-
1. ~mbH$m| go ghmZw^y{VnyU© ì¶dhma H$aHo$&
2. Ñí¶-lì¶ gm‘J«r O¡go- {MÌ, MmQ>©, {’$ë‘ Am{X H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$
nmR> H$mo é{MH$a ~ZmH$a&
3. J¥h-H$m¶© H$s Om±M ‘| ZH$mamË‘H$ {Q>ßnUr Z XoH$a gH$mamË‘H$
{Q>ßnUr XoZm& Ìw{Q>¶m± hmoVo hþE ^r J¥h-H$m¶© ‘| AÀN>o {~ÝXþ ImoOH$a
nhbo CZH$s àe§gm H$aZm {’$a H${‘¶m| na {Q>ßnUr H$aZm& O¡go-
¶{X {H$gr ~mbH$ H$m boI gwÝXa h¡, {H$ÝVw dV©Zr H$s Ìw{Q>¶m± H$m’$s
h¢, Vmo {ZåZ{b{IV {Q>ßnUr XoZm- AmnH$m boI gwÝXa h¡& CÎma H$mo
dV©Zr H$s Ìw{Q>¶m± gwYmH$a Am¡a ^r AÀN>m ~Zm gH$Vo h¢&
Eogm H$aZo na ~mbH$ Cg AܶmnH$ Ho$ {df¶ ‘| é{M boZo bJoJm VWm
Cg {df¶ H$mo H$‘ g‘¶ ‘| AÀN>r Vah go grI gHo$Jm& BgHo$ {dnarV ¶{X
AܶmnH$ ~mbH$ go AghmZw^y{VnyU© ì¶dhma H$aoJm VWm Jb{V¶m| na gXm
àVm{‹S>V H$aVm ahoJm, Vmo ~mbH$ Cg AܶmnH$ go VWm CgHo$ Ûmam n‹T>m¶o OmZo
dmbo {df¶ go H$VamZo bJoJm& dh H$jm go ^mJZo bJoJm& Cg‘| VZmd, ^½Zmem
Am{X CËnÝZ hmo gH$Vo h¢, {OZgo emar[aH$ amoJ ^r CËnÝZ hmo gH$Vo h¢&
6.9 ES>{dZ Ama. JwWar H$m gm{ÝZܶ
dmQ>gZ Ho$ ‘yb {dMmam| go gh‘{V àH$Q> H$aVo hþE JwWar Zo AnZo {dMmam| H$m
à{VnmXZ {H$¶m& BZH$m {dMma h¡ {H$ CÎmoOH$ VWm à{V{H«$¶m EH$ ~ma ^r EH$
gmW ¶{X K{Q>V hmo OmVr h¡, Vmo CZ‘| EH$ gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a
^{dî¶ ‘| O~ ^r dh gå~pÝYV CÎmoOH$ àñVwV hmoVm h¡, Vmo dhr à{V{H«$¶m
^r hmo gH$Vr h¡&
JwWar Zo CÎmoOH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJm| ‘| ~m±Q>m h¡- ^m¡{VH$ CÎmoOH$ VWm J{V
CÎmoOH$& JwWar Zo J{V CÎmoOH$ H$mo àmapå^H$ Ed§ ‘yb CÎmoOZm ‘mZm h¡ VWm
J{V CÎmoOH$ H$s àYmZVm H$mo ñdrH$ma {H$¶m h¡& O~ àmUr EH$ J{V H$a boVm
h¡, Vmo dhr J{V AmJo H$s J{V Ho$ {bE CÎmoOH$ H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¡& BgH$m AW©
¶h ^r h¡ {H$ J{V hr CÎmoOH$ H$mo OÝ‘ XoVr h¡& ¶hr CÎmoOH$ àXm¶H$ J{V H$hr
Om gH$Vr h¡& AV… grIZm J{V go gå~pÝYV h¡, {H«$¶m go gå~pÝYV Zht
h¡& Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$m à^md H$m {Z¶‘ J{V H$s Anojm {H«$¶m H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aVm
h¡& Bg àH$ma JwWar Zo Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ûmam grIZo Ho$ ‘yb {Z¶‘ H$s Cnojm H$aHo$
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
AmbmoMZm H$s h¡& JwWar H$m {dídmg h¡ {H$ A{YJ‘ gå~ÝYr g^r {Z¶‘m| H$mo
EH$ hr {Z¶‘ Ho$ AÝVJ©V XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡&
JwWar Zo à¶moJ n[aUm‘ na AmYm[aV ¶h {ZîH$f© kmV {H$¶m h¡ {H$
CÎmoOH$ VWm à{V{H«$¶m ‘| gå~ÝY gd©àW‘ à¶mg go hr ñWm{nV hmo OmVm h¡&
Bg àH$ma H$s ì¶m»¶m JwWar VWm hm°Q>©Z Ûmam {~ëbr na {H$¶o J¶o à¶moJ Ho$
AmYma na H$s JB© Wr& JwWar Ho$ à¶moJ go {~ëbr {Og àH$ma H$s J{V go {nÝOao
Ho$ ~mha {ZH$bH$a ImZm ImVr h¡, Aݶ à¶mgm| go dhr {H«$¶m ~ma-~ma XþhamVr
h¡, {Og {H«$¶m H$mo CgZo àW‘ ~ma H$aHo$ {nÝOao go ~mha {ZH$bH$a ImZm
àmá {H$¶m Wm& A{YJ‘ H$s g‘m{á H$s ì¶m»¶m JwWar gmhM¶© Ho$ hr AmYma na
H$aVo h¢& ¶{X CÎmoOH$ à{V{H«$¶m ‘| gmhM¶© hmo OmZo Ho$ ~mX ^r CÎmoOH$ Ho$ à{V
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H$moB© Xÿgar J{V {gIm¶r OmVr h¡, Vmo ZdrZ J{V H$mo Adamo{YV H$a XoVr h¡&
6.10 CÔrnZ-CÔrnZ {gÕmÝV AWdm
g§kmZmË‘H$ {gÕmÝV
BZ {gÕmÝVm| H$m à{VnmXZ ì¶dhmadmXr ÑpîQ>H$moU (CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m
gå~ÝY) Ho$ {damoY Ho$ ’$bñdê$n {H$¶m J¶m h¡& BZ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ à{VnmXZ
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H$aZo dmbo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ¶ÝÌdV² à{H«$¶m
Zht hmoVr, daZ² grIZm, AÝVÑ©pîQ> AWdm gyP, g‘P, VH©$, ñ‘¥{V Am¡a Aݶ
‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoVm h¡& BZ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ AZwgma grIZo H$s
n[apñW{V ‘| H$B© g‘ñ¶mE± ¶m CÔrnZ hmoVo h¢& grIZo dmbo ì¶p³V H$mo BZ
CÔrnZm| Ho$ AW© Ed§ BZ‘§o hmoZo dmbo gå~ÝYm| H$mo g‘PZm hmoVm h¡& O~ dh
BZHo$ AW© Am¡a BZ‘| hmoZo dmbo gå~ÝYm| H$mo g‘P boVm h¡, Vmo CgHo$ ‘pñVîH$
‘| g^r g‘ñ¶mAm| (CÔrnZm|) H$m EH$ g§kmZmË‘H$ Z³em {dH${gV hmo OmVm h¡
Am¡a Bgo hr gr»mZm H$hVo h¢& Bg‘| ì¶p³V H$s ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$s ^y{‘H$m
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‘w»¶ hmoVr h¡& Bg loUr ‘| dXu‘a, H$mohba, H$moâH$m, {n¶mOo, Q>m°b‘¡Z,
Cgy~ob, ~y«Za Am{X Ho$ {gÕmÝV AmVo h¢& Hw$N> à‘wI CÔrnZ-CÔrnZ {gÕmÝV
AWdm g§kmZmË‘H$ {gÕmÝV {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. gyP H$m {gÕmÝV
2. g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV
3. d¡ÊSw>am H$m gm‘m{OH$ grIZo H$m {gÕmÝV
4. H$Q>© bo{dZ H$m joÌ {gÕmÝV
5. A{YJ‘ H$m gmBZ-J¡ñQ>mëQ> {gÕmÝV
6. ~y«Za H$m A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV
6.11 gyP H$m {gÕmÝV
Bg {gÕmÝV H$mo g‘J«mH¥${V H$m {gÕmÝV, AÝVÑ©pîQ> {gÕmÝV, JoñQ>mëQ>
{gÕmÝV Am{X Zm‘m| go ^r OmZm OmVm h¡& O‘©Z ^mfm Ho$ eãX JoñQ>mëQ> H$m
AW© h¡- AmH$ma, g§aMZm AWdm à{Vê$n& Bg {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ {deofH$a
dXu‘a, H$moâH$m Am¡a H$mohba Zo {H$¶m& Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³V
AWdm àmUr {H$gr ^r à{H«$¶m H$mo gyP Ûmam grIVm h¡& gyP H$mo AÝVÑ©pîQ>
^r H$hVo h¢& O~ ^r àmUr AWdm ì¶p³V Hw$N> grIVm h¡, Vmo dh grIZo go
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 87
gå~pÝYV ha n[apñW{V Ed§ nhby H$mo g‘PZo H$s H$mo{ee H$aVm h¡& BgHo$ {bE
dh n[apñW{V Ho$ à˶oH$ nhby H$mo ZE T>§J go g‘P H$a CZHo$ ‘ܶ Amngr
gå~ÝYm| H$mo g‘PZo H$s H$mo{ee H$aVm h¡ Am¡a BZHo$ AmYma na CÝh| g§J{R>V
H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡& Bgr Xm¡amZ CgHo$ ‘pñVîH$ ‘| AMmZH$ H$moB© {dMma
H$m¢YVm h¡, {OgHo$ Ûmam dh AnZr grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo nyar H$aVm h¡& Bg
AMmZH$ H$m¢YZo dmbo {dMma H$mo gyP ¶m AÝVÑ©pîQ> H$hVo h¢& ¶h gyP AMmZH$
hmoVr h¡, CgHo$ {bE {H$gr Aä¶mg H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht hmoVr& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
’$Zm©ëS> Am¡a ’$Zm©ëS> Ho$ AZwgma -
gyP H$m VmËn¶© Bg ~mV go h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m gå~ÝYm|
Ho$ Yrao-Yrao ~ZZo go Zht hmoVm h¡, ~pëH$ CÔrnZm| Ho$ ~rM Ho$ gå~ÝYm| H$mo AMmZH$
g‘PZo go hmoVm h¡&
grIZo dmbo Ho$ AÝXa AMmZH$ CËnÝZ gyP Ûmam àmUr ghr AZw{H«$¶m
H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Bg Vah dh EH$ ~ma ‘| ghr AZw{H«$¶m H$mo H$aZm grI boVm h¡&
¶h {gÕmÝV H$mohba Ûmam {H$E JE Hw$N> à¶moJm| na AmYm[aV h¡&
H$mohba Zo H$B© Vah Ho$ newAm|, dZ‘mZwf, ~ÝXa, ‘wJu VWm Hw$Îmo na à¶moJ {H$E&
H$mohba Zo AnZo BZ à¶moJm| go {ZåZ{b{IV {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbo-
1. grIZo dmbm àmUr AWdm ì¶p³V g~go nhbo gånyU© n[apñW{V H$m
à˶jrH$aU H$aVm h¡&
2. grIZo ‘| àmUr AWdm ì¶p³V gyP H$m à¶moJ H$aVm h¡&
3. grIZo dmbm àmUr AWdm ì¶p³V Ag’$b à¶moJ Ho$ ~mX {dMma
H$aVm h¡, gmoMVm h¡ Am¡a Cgo AMmZH$ g’$b AZw{H«$¶m gyPVr h¡
Am¡a CgH$mo H$aZo Ho$ ~mX CgH$m grIZm nyU© hmoVm h¡&
4. g‘ñ¶m H$m hb EH$ à¶mg ‘| ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a H$B© à¶mgm|
Ûmam ^r&
5. gyP Ûmam grIZo ‘| àmUr AWdm ì¶p³V {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$
ì¶dhma H$aVm h¡ Am¡a à˶oH$ ì¶dhma AÝdofUmË‘H$ ì¶dhma hmoVm
h¡&
6. O~ àmUr AWdm ì¶p³V g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ
àH$ma Ho$ AÝdofUmË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$aZo Ho$ níMmV² ^r g’$b Zht
hmoVm h¡, Vmo dh Wmo‹S>r Xoa Ho$ {bE CXmg hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a {ZpîH«$¶
hmoH$a MwnMmn ~¡R> OmVm h¡&
7. H$mohba Ho$ AZwgma O~ àmUr AWdm ‘Zwî¶ bJmVma Ag’$bVm
Ho$ H$maU {ZpîH«$¶ hmoH$a ~¡R> OmVm h¡, Vmo Hw$N> g‘¶ Ho$ ~mX Cgo
AMmZH$ g‘ñ¶m H$m hb gyPVm h¡& ¶h gyP AnZo Amn Am OmVr
h¡ Am¡a dh g‘ñ¶m H$m hb H$a boVm h¡& gyP CËnÝZ hmoZo go
ì¶p³V H$mo bú¶ Am¡a Cnm¶ Ho$ ‘ܶ EH$ gå~ÝY ñnîQ> {XImB©
XoZo bJVm h¡&
8. H$mohba Zo gyP Ûmam grIo JE kmZ Ho$ ñWmZmÝVaU Ho$ JwU H$mo
naIZo Ho$ {bE EH$ narjU {H$¶m& Bggo CÝhm|Zo ¶h {ZîH$f©
{ZH$mbm {H$ gyP Ûmam grIZo H$m ñWmZmÝVaU hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma
grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m O~ gyP Ûmam hmoVr h¡, Vmo dh AMmZH$ hmoVr h¡&
H$mohba Zo BZ g~ {ZîH$fm] H$mo g§J{R>V ê$n ‘| g‘J«mH¥${V {gÕmÝV H$s
g§km Xr& Bg à{H«$¶m ‘| gyP Ûmam grIm OmVm h¡& Bg{bE Hw$N> ‘Zmodk ¡ m{ZH$ Bgo
gyP H$m {gÕmÝV H$hVo h¢ Am¡a Bg àH$ma Ho$ grIZo H$mo gyP Ûmam grIZm H$hVo h¢&
 n¥îR> 88 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
6.11.1 H$mohba Ho$ à¶moJ
H$mohba Ho$ à¶moJm| H$m {d{YdV² Aܶ¶Z H$aHo$ CgHo$ gyP ¶m AÝVÑ©pîQ> Ho$ {gÕmÝV
H$mo ñnîQ> ê$n go g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡& H$mohba Zo Q>{o Z[a’$ Ûrn ‘| N>h ^yIo dZ‘mZwfm|
H$mo EH$ bH$‹S>r Ho$ H$Q>Kao ‘| aIH$a AnZm à¶moJ àmaå^ {H$¶m& BZ N>h dZ‘mZwfm| ‘|
EH$ gdm©{YH$ ~w{Õ‘mZ dZ‘mZwf H$m M¶Z {H$¶m, {OgH$m Zm‘ H$mohba Zo gwëVmZ
aIm& H$mohba Zo AnZo A{YH$m§e à¶moJ gwëVmZ na hr {H$E& H$mohba Zo AnZo
A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$mo ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE gwëVmZ Ho$ gm‘Zo Xmo àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶m¶|
H«$‘e… N>S‹ >r g‘ñ¶m VWm ~³gm g‘ñ¶m àñVwV H$s-
1. N>‹S>r g‘ñ¶m gå~ÝYr à¶moJ
H$mohba Zo gwëVmZ Zm‘H$ dZ‘mZwf H$mo EH$ {nÝOao ‘| ~ÝX H$aHo$ Cgo nmg
EH$ ZwH$sbr N>‹S>r aI Xr VWm {nÝOao Ho$ ~mha Ho$bo BVZr Xÿa aIo {H$ dZ‘mZwf
hmW ’¡$bmH$a CÝh| àmá Z H$a gHo$& ^yIo dZ‘mZwf Zo AnZo hmW ’¡$bmH$a
Ho$bo àmßV H$aZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m, bo{H$Z dh g’$b Zht hmo gH$m& ^yI go
ì¶mHw$b dZ‘mZwf H$s ZOa H$Q>Ka ‘| aIr hþB© N>‹S>r na n‹S>r& N>‹S>r H$mo CR>mH$a
CgHo$ ghmao dh Ho$bo AnZo g‘rn ItMH$a VWm CZgo AnZr jwYm emÝV
H$aHo$ gÝVwîQ> hmo J¶m& BgHo$ níMmV² H$mohba Zo {nÝOao ‘| Xmo N>[‹S>¶m± aIr, Omo
EH$ Xÿgao ‘| {’$Q> hmoH$a bå~r hmo gH$Vr Wr& {nÝOao Ho$ ~mha A~ AnojmH¥$V
A{YH$ Xÿar na Ho$bo aIo JE& ^yIo dZ‘mZwf Zo nwZ… hmW ’¡$bmH$a Ho$bo àmá
H$aZo Mmho, bo{H$Z dh AnZo à¶mg ‘| g’$b Zht hþAm& nwZ… CgZo ~‹S>r N>‹S>r
H$mo nH$‹S>H$a Ho$bo àmßV H$aZo Mmho {’$a ^r Cgo Ho$bm| H$s àm{á ‘| g’$bVm
Zht {‘br& Ho$bo nmZo H$s ì¶mHw$bVm ‘| dh XmoZm| N>{‹S>¶m| go IobZo bJm& EH$mEH$
N>moQ>r N>‹S>r, ~‹S>r N>‹S>r ‘| {’$Q> hmo JB©, {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n N>‹S>r bå~r hmo JB©
Am¡a A~ Bg bå~r N>‹S>s H$s ghm¶Vm go dh Ho$bo nmZo ‘| g’$b hmo J¶m VWm
CÝh| ImH$a dh gÝVwîQ> hþAm& Xÿgao {XZ nwZ… dZ‘mZwf H$mo Cgr pñW{V ‘| aIm
J¶m, Vmo nm¶m J¶m {H$ dh {~Zm A{YH$ g‘¶ bJm¶o N>{‹S>¶m| H$mo Omo‹S>H$a erK«
Ho$bm| H$mo ItM boVm h¡& dZ‘mZwf Zo AnZr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ EH$mEH$ {‘br
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
gyP H$s ghm¶Vm go {H$¶m& g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ hoVw gyP {‘bZo go nhbo dZ‘mZwf
Zo {nÝOao H$s pñW{V, Ho$bo H$s Xÿar, N>‹S>r H$s bå~mB© Am{X ‘| gå~ÝY ñWm{nV
H$aHo$ gyP Ûmam g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$aHo$ bú¶ H$mo àmá {H$¶m& h‘mao A{YJ‘
‘| Bg àH$ma gyP H$m VÎd ‘w»¶ hmoVm h¡&
2. ~³gm g‘ñ¶m gå~ÝYr à¶moJ
H$mohba ‘hmoX¶ Zo ^yIo gwëVmZ Zm‘H$ {Mån¡ÝOr ¶m dZ‘mZwf H$mo EH$ {nÝOao
‘| ~ÝX H$a {X¶m& {nÝOao H$s N>V ‘| Hw$N> Ho$bo Bg àH$ma Q>m±J {XE {H$ hmW
’¡$bmZo na ^r do CgH$s nhþ±M Ho$ ~mha Wo& {nÝOao ‘| VrZ-VrZ Imbr ~³go
S>mb {XE OmVo h¡& dZ‘mZwf Ho$bm| H$mo XoIH$a CN>b-Hy$X H$a CZH$mo àmá H$aZo
H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡& dh Ho$bm| H$mo àmá H$aZo ‘| AnZo H$mo Ag’$b nmVm h¡&
ì¶mHw$bVm ‘| Hw$N> g‘¶ níMmV² dh ’$e© na n‹S>o hþE Imbr ~³gm| H$mo XoIVm h¡&
nhbo dh EH$ ~³go H$mo Ho$bo Ho$ ZrMo aIVm h¡ Am¡a Cg na M‹T>H$a Ho$bo àmá
H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡, bo{H$Z Cgo g’$bVm Zht {‘bVr h¡& Hw$N> g‘¶ ~mX
dh Xÿgam ~³gm nhbo ~³go na aIH$a Ho$bo àmá H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡, na
{’$a ^r Cgo g’$bVm Zht {‘bVr h¡& BgHo$ níMmV dh nwZ… gånyU© n[apñW{V
H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡ Am¡a AMmZH$ Vrgam ~³gm ^r Cgo {XImB© XoVm h¡& dh
Vrgao ~³go H$mo Xÿgao na aIH$a Cg na M‹T> OmVm h¡ Am¡a Ho$bo àmá H$aZo ‘|
g’$b hmo OmVm h¡& Xÿgao {XZ ^r ^yIo dZ‘mZwf H$mo Bgr pñW{V ‘| aIm OmVm
h¡, Vmo dh Ho$bm| H$mo nhbo H$s Anojm H$‘ g‘¶ ‘o§ hr àmá H$a boVm h¡&
H$mohba Ho$ Cn¶w©³V XmoZm| à¶moJm| go ¶h ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$ gyP {gÕmÝV Ho$
AÝVJ©V A{YJ‘ H$s {H«$¶m ‘pñVîH$ Ho$ Xmo ñVam| na gånm{XV hmoVr h¡-
1. à˶j kmZmË‘H$ ñVa na A{YJ‘- à˶j kmZmË‘H$ ñVa na
àmUr kmZopÝжm| H$s ghm¶Vm go g‘J« n[apñW{V H$m à˶j kmZ
hmoZo na à{V{H«$¶m H$aVm h¡, V~ dh grIVm h¡& H$mohba Ho$ ~³go
gå~ÝYr à¶moJ ‘| A{YJ‘ H$s {H«$¶m à˶j kmZmË‘H$ ñVa na
gånm{XV hmoVr h¡&
2. à˶¶mË‘H$ ñVa na A{YJ‘- à˶¶mË‘H$ ñVa na A{YJ‘ H$s
{H«$¶m ‘| ‘pñVîH$ V~ ghm¶Vm H$aVm h¡, O~ {H$gr Ho$ gm‘Zo
O{Q>b g‘ñ¶m CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡ Am¡a emar[aH$ j‘VmAm| Ho$ gmW
~w{Õ H$m ghmam boZm n‹S>Vm h¡& H$mohba Ho$ N>‹S>r gå~ÝYr à¶moJ ‘|o
A{YJ‘ H$s {H«$¶m à˶¶mË‘H$ ñVa na gånm{XV hmoVr h¡&
6.11.2 dXu‘a H$m à¶moJ
dXu‘a Zo 1880 ‘| {dkmnZmo§ Ho$ g§Ho$Vm| ‘| bmBQ> Ho$ Ky‘Zo Ho$ Ñí¶ H$m Aܶ¶Z
{H$¶m& BZ {dkmnZm| ‘| bmBQ> EH$ ñWmZ go Xÿgao ñWmZ H$s Amoa MbVr ZOa
AmVr h¡, O~{H$ dmñVd ‘| EH$ Ho$ AÝVa dmbo ~ë~ gmW ObVo h¢ Am¡a Aݶ
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
~ë~ ~ÝX hmoVo h¢& Bg àH$ma ¶{X ~ë~ 1,3,5,7, ObVo h¢, Vmo 2,4,6,8
g§»¶m dmbo ~ë~ ~ÝX hmoVo h¢& à{Vnb ~ë~m| H$m EH$ Ho$ AÝVa go ObZm Ed§
~ÝX hmoZm Eogm àH$Q> H$aVm h¡ {H$ ~ë~ H$s bmBQ> Mb ahr h¡& Bg Ñí¶ go
ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$ gånyU© {H$g àH$ma CgHo$ ^mJm| go {^ÝZVm aIVm h¡& Bg
{gÕmÝV ‘| Bg ~mV na ~b {X¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ gånyU© Ho$ JwU CgHo$ A§Jm| H$m
à˶jrH$aU H$aZo H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢ Am¡a g‘¶ H$s {deofVmAm| H$m nVm
CgHo$ {d{^ÝZ VÎdm| H$s {deofVmAm| Ûmam Zht, A{nVw CgH$s AmÝV[aH$ àH¥${V
Ûmam bJm¶m OmVm h¡&
6.11.3 à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> VWm gyP Ûmam A{YJ‘ ‘| AÝVa
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1. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> Ûmam grIZo ‘| àmUr n[apñW{V H$mo Zht g‘P nmVm
h¡, O~{H$ gyP Ûmam grIZo ‘| dh Cgo AÀN>r Vah g‘PVm h¡&
2. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> A{YJ‘ {d[Y emar[aH$ Hw$ebVm na A{YH$ ~b
XoVr h¡ O~{H$ gyP Ûmam A{YJ‘ ‘| ~m¡{ÕH$ Hw$ebVm na Omoa {X¶m
OmVm h¡&
3. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {d{Y H$m g^r à¶moJ H$a gH$Vo h¢, O~{H$ gyP {d{Y
Ho$ à¶moJ Ho$ {bE gm‘mݶ ~m¡{ÕH$ ñVa H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&
4. à¶mg Am¡a Ìw{Q> {d{Y Ûmam g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo ‘| g^r
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emar[aH$ A§Jm| H$m {Z¶moOZ Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡, O~{H$ gyP {d{Y ‘|
grIZm à˶jrH$aU na {Z^©a hmoVm h¡&
5. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {d{Y ‘| ì¶p³V H$s ÑpîQ> bú¶ na ahVr h¡ VWm
{H«$¶m bú¶ àm{á H$s Va’$ hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ gyP {d{Y ‘| MoVZ
{H«$¶mAm| H$s Anojm AMoVZ ‘Z A{YH$ {H«$¶merb hmoVm h¡&
6. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {d{Y ‘| XjVm Yrao-Yrao AmVr h¡, O~{H$ gyP {d{Y
‘| XjVm EH$mEH$ {‘b OmVr h¡&
7. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {d{Y Aä¶mg Am¡a n[al‘ na {Z^©a h¡, O~{H$ gyP
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{d{Y ‘| g‘ñ¶m H$m hb AMmZH$ àmá hmoVm h¡&
8. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {d{Y Aä¶mg àoaUm VWm g§doXZ na {deof ê$n go
{Z^©a h¡, O~{H$ gyP {d{Y à˶jrH$aU na {Z^©a h¡&
9. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> Ûmam grIZo ‘| à˶oH$ g‘ñ¶m Ho$ CnpñWV hmoZo na
Z¶o {gao go à¶ËZ H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& gyP Ûmam kmZ H$m ñWmZmÝVaU
A{YH$ gå^d h¡ VWm àmUr gm‘mݶrH$aU VWm {ddoXrH$aU H$aZo
‘| g‘W© hmoVm h¡&
6.11.4 gyP Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s {deofVmE±
1. ¶h {gÕmÝV dZ‘mZwf na à¶moJ H$aHo$ à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m J¶m h¡,
{Og‘| Hw$N> ~w{Õ hmoVr h¡ Am¡a gyP hmoVr h¡& Bg{bE ¶h {gÕmÝV
‘Zwî¶ Ho$ grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m H$aVm h¡& {H$gr ^r
Am¶w Ho$ ‘Zwî¶m| ‘| ~w{Õ hmoVr h¡, gyP hmoVr h¡ Am¡a do àm¶… gyP
Ûmam hr grIVo h¢&
2. ¶h {gÕmÝV {H$gr ^r dñVw, pñW{V AWdm {H«$¶m Ho$ CgHo$ nyU©
ê$n ‘| à˶jrH$aU na ~b XoVm h¡& {H$gr ^r Am¶w Ho$ ‘Zwî¶ {H$gr
^r dñVw, pñW{V AWdm {H«$¶m H$m à˶jrH$aU àm¶… CgHo$ nyU©
ê$n ‘| hr H$aVo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 89
3. ¶h {gÕmÝV nyU© go A§e H$s Amoa MbH$a grIZo na ~b XoVm h¡,
à˶jrH$aU nyU© H$m, kmZ CgHo$ EH$-EH$ A§e H$m& Bg àH$ma
grIm hþAm kmZ ñnîQ> Ed§ ñWm¶r hmoVm h¡&
4. ¶h {gÕmÝV g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ na ~b XoVm h¡& Bggo VrZ bm^ hmoVo
h¢- nhbm ¶h {H$ Bg {d{Y go gyP AWdm g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ go
grIm hþAm kmZ ñWm¶r hmoVm h¡, Xÿgam ¶h {H$ Bg {d{Y go grIo
hþE kmZ H$m Xÿgar n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| à¶moJ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a
Vrgam ¶h {H$ Bg {d{Y go grIZo dmbo AnZo OrdZ ‘| AmZo dmbr
g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m hb H$aZo ‘| g’$b hmoVo h¢&
5. gyP H$m ~w{Õ go gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& A{YH$ ~w{Õ dmbo àm{U¶m| ‘| gyP
A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& gmW hr gyP Ûmam grIZo ‘| ‘Zwî¶m| Ho$ nyd© Ho$
AZw^dm| H$m ^r à^md n‹S>Vm h¡, na BgH$m ¶h AW© H$Xm{n Zht h¡
{H$ A{YH$ AZw^dr H$s gyP ^r A{YH$ hmoVr h¡&
6.11.5 gyP Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s H${‘¶m±
1. à˶oH$ kmZ H$mo gyP Ûmam Zht grIm Om gH$Vm& BgHo$ gmW hr
à˶oH$ g‘¶ ^r ì¶p³V gyP Ûmam Zht grI gH$Vm&
2. grIZo ‘| Ho$db gyP hr H$m‘ Zhr§ XoVr, BgHo$ gmW hr AZwHy$b
n[apñW{V¶m± ^r Amdí¶H$ h¢& N>‹S>r, ~m°³g, gr‹T>r Am{X n[apñW{V
H$m {hñgm h¡&
3. ¶h {gÕmÝV grIZo ‘| n[apñW{V H$s ì¶m»¶m Zht H$aVm&
4. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma g‘ñ¶m g‘mYZ Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJr gmYZ
hmoZo Amdí¶H$ h¢, bo{H$Z grIZm H$^r-H$^r {~Zm gmYZm| Ho$ ^r
hmoVm h¡&
5. ¶h {gÕmÝV à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> H$mo ‘mݶVm Zht XoVm, bo{H$Z grIZo
H$s Bg à{H$¶m ‘| àmaå^ Vmo à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> go hr hmoVm h¡&
6. grIZo Ho$ {bE Ho$db gyP hr Zht, Aä¶mg Ed§ AZw^y{V ^r
Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡&
7. Bg {gÕmÝV Ûmam à{Vnm{XV {Z¶‘m| Ho$ AZwgma à˶oH$ àH$ma H$m
A{YJ‘ Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& O¡go- {bIZm, n‹T>Zm, ~mobZm
Am{X&
8. gyP {gÕmÝV na ~hþV go ~mø H$maH$ à^md S>mbVo h¢& BZ H$maH$m|
‘o§ Hw$N> H«$‘e… emar[aH$ j‘Vm, Am¶w, d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVmE±,
d§emZwH«$‘ VWm A{YJ‘ H$s XemE± Am{X h¢&
9. ¶h {gÕmÝV newAm| VWm N>moQ>o ~ÀMm| na bmJy Zht hmoVm h¡&
10. Hw$N> {dÛmZm| H$m ‘mZZm h¡ {H$ AMmZH$ g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ g§¶moJ
H$s ~mV h¡, AÝVÑ©pîQ> H$s Zht&
6.11.6 gyP Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm
1. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma, grIZm nyU© go A§e H$s Amoa hmoVm h¡&
AV… {ejH$m| H$mo Mm{hE {H$ do ~mbH$m| H$mo {gImVo g‘¶ gånyU©
n[apñW{V H$mo gm‘Zo aIo Am¡a CÝh| AnZr gyP Ûmam grIZo Ho$
{bE àmoËgm{hV H$ao&
2. {ejH$m| H$mo ~ÀMm| H$s Am¶w, n[an³dVm Ed§ ~w{Õ Ho$ AZwê$n hr
CZHo$ gm‘Zo g‘ñ¶m àñVwV H$aZr Mm{hE&
 n¥îR> 90 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
3. {ejH$m| H$mo n‹T>mVo g‘¶ {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE VËna Am¡a
grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ Xm¡amZ CÝh| g‘¶-g‘¶ na àmoËgm{hV H$aVo
ahZm Mm{hE&
4. gyP Am¡a ~w{Õ ‘| gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& Bg{bE ~ÀMm| H$s nmR²>¶gm‘J«r
H$m {Z‘m©Êm H$aVo g‘¶ CZHo$ ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg H$m ܶmZ aIZm
Mm{hE&
5. gyP H$m gå~ÝY n[an³dVm go ^r hmoVm h¡& Bg{bE nmR²>¶M¶m© H$m
{Z‘m©U H$aVo g‘¶ CZH$s Am¶w Ed§ n[an³dVm H$m ܶmZ aIZm
Mm{hE&
6. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZo ‘| ~ÀMm| H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m|
O¡go- H$ënZm, VH©$, {MÝVZ VWm gå~ÝY XoIZo H$s ep³V Am{X
H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
7. ¶h {gÕmÝV ¶m{ÝÌH$ VarH$m| go grIZo H$m IÊS>Z H$aVm h¡, O¡go-
aQ>Zm&
8. Bg {gÕmÝV H$m Cn¶moJ A§H$J{UV, aoImJ{UV, {dkmZ, ì¶mH$aU
Am{X {df¶m| H$s {ejm ‘| ^br-^m±{V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
9. ¶h {gÕmÝV N>mÌm| Ho$ grIZo ‘| ì¶{³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$mo ‘hÎd
XoVm h¡&
10. ¶h {gÕmÝV N>mÌm| ‘| AÝVÑ©pîQ> ¶m gyP n¡Xm H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$
hmoVm h¡&
11. ¶h {gÕmÝV N>mÌm| ‘| grIZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm na ~b XoVm h¡&
12. ¶h {gÕmÝV {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m nyU© hb àñVwV H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$
{gÕ hmoVm h¡&
13. ¶h {gÕmÝV {df¶ dñVw H$m gm‘mݶrH$aU H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm
h¡&
14. ¶h {gÕmÝV EH$ n[apñW{V ‘| grIo hþE kmZ H$m Xÿgar n[apñW{V
‘| ñWmZmÝVaU H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm h¡&
15. ¶h {gÕmÝV H$bm, g§JrV Am¡a gm{h˶ H$s {ejm ‘| A{YH$ Cn¶moJr
h¡&
16. ¶h {gÕmÝV AZw^dm| Ho$ g§JR>Z Ed§ nyU©Vm na ~b XoVm h¡&
17. ¶h {gÕmÝV {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m àñVwVrH$aU Am§{eH$ ê$n go Z
H$aHo$, ~{ëH $g‘J« ê$n go H$aZo na ~b XoVm h¡&
18. ¶h {gÕmÝV aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶m] ‘| A{YH$ ghm¶Vm Xo gH$Vm h¡&
19. ¶h {gÕmÝV N>mÌm| Ûmam grIr OmZo dmbo gm‘J«r H$mo N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE
CÔoí¶nyU© VWm N>mÌm| Ho$ ñVa Ho$ AZwHy$b ~Zm¶o OmZo na ~b XoVm
h¡&
20. Bg {gÕmÝV go ì¶mdhm[aH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m hb àmá {H$¶m Om
gH$Vm h¡&
6.12 g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV
pñdg ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {n¶mOo ‘yb ê$n go àmUr {dkmZ Ho$ {deofk Wo, naÝVw
AmJo MbH$a CÝhm|Zo Y‘© Ed§ Xe©Z H$m JhZ Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m Am¡a Xe©Z H$s
kmZ ‘r‘m§gm VWm àmUr {dkmZ Ho$ ~rM gå~ÝYm| H$s ImoO H$s, {OgZo CÝh|
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
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àJʶ
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ~Zm {X¶m& CÝhm|Zo ¶yamon H$s AZoH$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ à¶moJembmAm| ‘|
H$m¶© {H$¶m& CÝhm|Zo g§{H«$¶m ’«$mÝg ‘| {~Zo Ho$ gmW ^r H$B© df© VH$ H$m¶© {H$¶m
Wm& CÝhm|Zo ~w{Õ Ho$ {df¶ ‘| Mbr Am ahr nyd©YmaUm {H$ ~w{Õ OÝ‘OmV hmoVr
h¡, H$m IÊS>Z {H$¶m Am¡a ~mb{H«$¶mAm| H$m ~‹S>r ~marH$s go Aܶ¶Z H$a Bg
n[aUm‘ na nhþ±Mo {H$ O¡go-O¡go ~ÀMo H$s Am¶w ~‹T>Vr OmVr h¡ Am¡a CgH$m
H$m¶© joÌ ~‹T>Vm OmVm h¡, d¡go-d¡go CgH$s ~w{Õ H$m ^r {dH$mg hmoVm OmVm
h¡& CÝhm|Zo ñnîQ> {H$¶m {H$ ~ÀMm àmaå^ ‘o§ gab à˶¶m| H$mo hr J«hU H$aVm
h¡, naÝVw O¡go-O¡go ~‹S>m hmoVm OmVm h¡, H${R>Z go H${R>ZVa à˶¶m| H$mo J«hU
H$aZo bJVm h¡& hm±, ¶h ~mV Adí¶ h¡ {H$ BZ g~go grIZo Ho$ {bE Cn¶w³V
dmVmdaU Ed§ {H«$¶mE± Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¢&
{n¶mOo Zo ñnîQ> {H$¶m {H$ grIZm H$moB© ¶mpÝÌH$ {H«$¶m Zht h¡ O¡gm
{H$ Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Am¡a nmdbm°d Am{X gå~ÝYdmXr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ‘mZm h¡, naÝVw
¶h EH$ ~m¡{ÕH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, gåà˶¶ {Z‘m©U H$s à{H«$¶m h¡ Am¡a ¶h gåà˶¶
{Z‘m©U ~ÀÀmm| H$s Am¶w Ho$ AZwgma gab gåà˶¶m| go H${R>Z gåà˶¶m| Ho$
H«$‘ ‘| hmoVm h¡, ~ÀMm| H$m ‘pñVîH$ O¡go-O¡go {dH${gV hmoVm OmVm h¡, CZ‘|
gab go AnojmH¥$V O{Q>b à˶¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U Ed§ CZH$s Cn¶mo{JVm H$s j‘Vm
{dH${gV hmoVr OmVr h¡& Bgo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ à˶¶$ {Z‘m©U H$m {gÕmÝV H$hVo
h¢& CÝhm|Zo AmJo ñnîQ> {H$¶m {H$ ~mbH$m| ‘| dmñV{dH$Vm Ho$ {df¶ ‘| {MÝVZ
H$aZo H$s ep³V Z Ho$db CZHo$ n[an³dVm ñVa na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡ Am¡a Z
Ho$db CZHo$ AZw^dm| na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡, A{nVw BZ XmoZm| H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m
Ûmam {ZYm©[aV hmoVr h¡& Bgo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ^mfm ‘| AÝV…{H«$¶mdmXr {dMmaYmam
H$hVo h¢&
6.12.1 {gÕmÝV Ho$ gåà˶¶
1. AZwHy$bZ
{n¶mOo Zo gd©àW‘ ¶h ~mV ñnîQ> H$s {H$ ~ÀMm| ‘§o AnZo n¶m©daU Ho$ gmW
g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo H$s OÝ‘OmV àd¥[Îm hmoVr h¡, {Ogo AZwHy$bZ H$hVo h¢& CZHo$
AZwgma ~mbH$ àmaå^ go hr n¶m©daU Ho$ gmW AZwHy$bZ H$aZo bJVm h¡&
{n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma AZwHy$bZ H$s à{H«$¶m Xmo Cnà{H«$¶mAm| ‘| hmoVr h¡- EH$
AmË‘gmË‘rH$aU Am¡a Xÿgar g‘m¶moOZ& AmË‘gmË‘rH$aU EH$ Eogr à{H«$¶m
h¡, {Og‘| ~mbH$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE nyd© grIr ¶moOZmAm| ¶m ‘mZ{gH$
à{H«$¶mAm| H$m ghmam boVm h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV g‘m¶moOZ Eogr à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo
nyd© ‘| grIr ¶moOZm ¶m ‘mZ{gH$ n«{H«$¶mAm| go H$m‘ Z MbZo na g‘m¶moOZ
Ho$ {bE H$s OmVr h¡&
2. gmå¶YmaU
gmå¶YmaU go {n¶mOo H$m VmËn¶© EH$ Eogr à{H«$¶m go h¡, {OgHo$ Ûmam ~mbH$
AmË‘gmË‘rH$aU Am¡a g‘m¶moOZ H$s à{H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ~rM gÝVwbZ H$m¶‘ H$aVm
h¡& {n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma O~ ~ÀMo Ho$ gm‘Zo H$moB© ZB© g‘ñ¶m CnpñWV hmoVr
h¡, Vmo Cg‘| g§kmZmË‘H$ AgÝVwbZ CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡, {Ogo Xÿa H$aZo Ho$ {bE
dh AmË‘gmË‘rH$aU ¶m g‘m¶moOZ ¶m ¶o XmoZm| à{H«$¶mE± H$aZm àmaå^ H$a
XoVm h¡& {n¶mOo Zo ¶h ñnîQ> {H$¶m h¡ {H$ gmå¶YmaU H$s à{H$¶m ~ÀMm| Ho$ nyd©
AZw^dm| na hr {Z^©a Zht H$aVr, A{nVw CZH$s emar[aH$ n[an³dVm na ^r
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV n¥îR> 91

{Z^©a H$aVr h¡& OmVr h¡ Am¡a EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ gmW g‘pÝdV hmoVr h¡& BZ AZw{H«$¶mAm|
3. g§ajU H$mo à‘wI Bg{bE H$hm OmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$$ ¶o ~ÀMm| Ho$ eara H$s
g§ajU go {n¶mOo H$m VmËn¶© n¶m©daU ‘| n[adV©Z VWm pñWaVm BZ XmoZm| H$mo à‘wI AZw{H«$¶mE± hmoVr h¢ Am¡a BÝh| d¥Îmr¶ Bg{bE H$hm OmVm h¡,
nhMmZZo Ed§ g‘PZo H$s j‘Vm VWm {H$gr dñVw Ho$ ñdê$n ‘| n[adV©Z H$mo Cg ³¶m|{H$ BÝh| ~ma-~ma XmohamVo h¢& Bg AdñWm VH$ Ho$ ~ÀMo AnZo
AZw^dm| H$mo {~Zm ^¶ Ho$ A{^춳V H$aVo h¢&
dñVw Ho$ VÎd ‘| n[adV©Z go AbJ H$aZo H$s j‘Vm go h¡&
3. Jm¡U d¥Îmr¶ AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$s AdñWm - ¶h AdñWm 4 ‘mh go 6
4. g§kmZmË‘H$ g§aMZm ‘mh VH$ H$s AdñWm hmoVr h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMo dñVwAm| H$mo
{n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma g§kmZmË‘H$ g§aMZm go VmËn¶© ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ g§JR>Z ñne© H$aZo Am¡a BÝh| BYa-CYa H$aZo H$s AZw{H«$¶mE± H$aVo h¢ Am¡a
go h¡& gmW hr Hw$N> Eogr AZw{H«$¶mE± H$aVo h¢, {OZgo CÝh| gwI {‘bVm
5. ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m h¡& 6 ‘mh Ho$ hmoVo-hmoVo ~ÀMo XoIr JB© dñVw Ho$ A^md ‘| ^r CgHo$
hmoZo H$mo OmZZo bJVo h¢&

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{n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma ‘mZ{gH$ g§{H«$¶m go VmËn¶© ~mbH$ Ûmam g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ
Ho$ {bE {H$E OmZo dmbo {MÝVZ go h¡& 4. Jm¡U ñH$s‘oQ>mo Ho$ g‘Ýd¶ H$s AdñWm - ¶h AdñWm 8 ‘mh go 12
‘mh VH$ H$s AdñWm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMm CÔoí¶ Am¡a CgH$mo
6. ñH$såg
àmá H$aZo Ho$ gmYZ ‘| AÝVa H$aZo bJVm h¡ Am¡a gmW hr AnZo
{n¶mOo Zo ì¶dhmamo| Ho$ CZ g§J{R>V n¡Q>Zm] H$mo ñH$såg H$s g§km Xr h¡, {OÝh|
go ~‹S>m| H$s {H«$¶mAm| H$m AZwH$aU H$aZo bJVm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘|
gabVm go Xmoham¶m Om gHo$& ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ ñH$såg ‘mZ{gH$ g§{H«$¶m H$m ~ÀMo Omo ñH$s‘m grIVo h¢, CZH$m gm‘mݶrH$aU ^r H$aZo bJVo h¢&
A{^ì¶p³V ê$n h¡& 5. V¥Vr¶ d¥Îmr¶ AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$s AdñWm - ¶h AdñWm 12 ‘mh go
7. ñH$s‘m 18 ‘mh VH$ H$s AdñWm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMo dñVwAm| Ho$ JwUm|
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ñH$s‘m go {n¶mOo H$m VmËn¶© EH$ Eogr ‘mZ{gH$ g§aMZm go h¡, {OgH$m H$mo à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> Ûmam grIH$a OmZVo h¢&
gm‘mݶrH$aU {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& 6. ‘mZ{gH$ g§¶moJ Ûmam ZE gmYZm| H$s ImoO H$s AdñWm - ¶h
8. {dHo$ÝÐU AdñWm 18 ‘mh go 24 ‘mh VH$ H$s AdñWm h¡& Bg AdñWm
{dHo$ÝÐU go {n¶mOo H$m VmËn¶© {H$gr dñVw Ho$ {df¶ ‘| dñVw{ZîR> T>§J go gmoMZo ‘| ~ÀMo XoIr JB© dñVw H$s AZwnpñW{V ‘| ^r CgHo$ ApñVËd H$mo
g‘PZo bJVo h¢&
H$s j‘Vm go h¡& {n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma ~mbH$ ‘| Bg j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg 2 df© H$s
Am¶w ‘| ewê$ hmo OmVm h¡& 2. àmH²$ g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm
{n¶mOo Zo g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s ÑpîQ> go 2 gmb go 7 gmb H$s AdñWm H$mo
6.12.2 g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s AdñWmE± àmH²$ g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm H$hm h¡& Bg AdñWm H$mo {n¶mOo Zo {ZåZ{b{IV Xmo
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{n¶mOo Zo g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo ‘w»¶ ê$n go Mma H$mbm| ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m Cn AdñWmAm| ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡-
h¡- 1. àmH²$ gåà˶mË‘H$ Ad{Y - ¶h Ad{Y 2 df© go 4 df© H$s hmoVr
1. g§doXr noer¶ AdñWm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMo AnZo BX©-{JX© H$s dñVwAm| Am¡a àm{U¶m|,
2. àmH²$ g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm dñVwAm| Am¡a eãXm| ‘| gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$aZo bJVo h¢& do ¶h g~
3. ‘yV© g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm àm¶… AZwH$aÊm Ed§ Iob Ûmam grIVo h¢& {n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma 4 df©
4. Am¡nMm[aH$ g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm VH$ H$s AdñWm Ho$ ~ÀMo g^r {ZOud dñVwAm| H$mo gOrd àm{U¶m|
1. g§doXr noer¶ AdñWm Ho$ ê$n ‘| boVo-g‘PVo h¢& Bgo CÝhm|Zo OrddmX H$s g§km Xr h¡&
Bg AdñWm ‘| hmoZo dmbo g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s Xÿgar {deofVm
{n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma OÝ‘ go Xmo df© VH$ H$s Am¶w ‘| ~mbH$ AnZr BpÝжm| Ûmam
¶h hmoVr h¡ {H$ ~ÀMo AnZo {dMma H$mo ghr ‘mZVo h¢ Am¡a do Hw$N>
àmW{‘H$ AZw^d àmá H$aVo h¡§& {n¶mOo Zo Bg H$mb H$mo g§doXr noer¶ àmW{‘H$
Eogm g‘PVo h¢ {H$ gmar Xþ{Z¶m± CZHo$ BX©-{JX© hr h¡& Bgo {n¶mOoo
AdñWm H$hm h¡& {n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma OÝ‘ go 2 df© VH$ ~mbH$ H$m g§kmZmË‘H$
Zo AmË‘Ho$pÝÐVm H$s g§km Xr h¡&
{dH$mg {ZåZ{b{IV N>h CnAdñWmAm| ‘| hmoVm h¡-
2. AÝVX©eu AdñWm - ¶h AdñWm 4 df© go 7 df© VH$ MbVr h¡&
1. ghO {H«$¶mAm| H$s AdñWm - ¶h AdñWm OÝ‘ go 30 {XZ VH$
Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ^mfm grIZo bJVo h¢ Am¡a {MÝVZ Ed§ VH©$
H$s AdñWm hmoVr h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$db ghO {H«$¶mE±
H$aZo bJVo h¢, naÝVw CZHo$ {MÝVZ Ed§ VH©$ ‘| H$moB© H«$‘~ÕVm Zht
H$aVm h¡& BZ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| {H$gr ^r dñVw H$mo ‘w±h ‘§o boH$a MygZo H$s
hmoVr& O¡go do 2 # 2 = 4 Vmo g‘PVo h¢, naÝVw 42 = 2 H¡$go hþAm,
{H«$¶m g~go A{YH$ à~b hmoVr h¡&
¶h Zhr§ g‘PVo h¢& 6 df© H$s Am¶w nyar H$aVo-H$aVo ~mbH$m| ‘| ‘yV©
2. à‘wI d¥Îmr¶ AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$s AdñWm - ¶h AdñWm 1 go 4 ‘mh
à˶¶m| Ho$ gmW-gmW A‘yV© à˶¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U ^r hmoZo bJVm h¡&
VH$ H$s hmoVr h¡& 1 ‘mh go 4 ‘mh VH$ Ho$ ~ÀMm| H$s ghO {H«$¶mE±
Hw$N> gr‘m VH$ CZH$s AZw^y{V¶m| Ûmam n[ad{V©V hmoVr h¡, XmohamB©
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 92 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
3. ‘yV© g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm
{n¶mOo Zo 7 df© go boH$a 11 df© VH$ H$s Am¶w/AdñWm H$mo ‘yV© g§{H«$¶mË‘H$
AdñWm H$hm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMo A{YH$ ì¶mdhm[aH$ Ed§ ¶WmW©dmXr hmoVo
h¢& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMm| ‘| VH©$ Ed§ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg
hmoZo bJVm h¢& do ‘yV© g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ g‘mYmZ H$mo Ty>±‹T>Zo bJVo h¢, naÝVw A‘yV©
g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ {df¶ ‘| Zht gmoM nmVo& Bg AdñWm Ho$ ~ÀMo dñVwAm| H$mo CZHo$
JwUm| Ho$ AmYma na H«$‘~Õ H$aZo bJVo h¢ Am¡a dJuH¥$V H$aZo bJVo h¢, naÝVw
Bg AdñWm Ho$ ~ÀMm| Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| H«$‘~ÕVm Zht hmoVr h¡&
4. Am¡nMm[aH$ g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm
¶h AdñWm 12 df© H$s Am¶w go d¶ñH$ hmoZo VH$ H$s AdñWm h¡& 12 df© Ho$
hmoVo hmoVo ~ÀMm| H$m ‘pñVîH$ n[an³d hmoZo bJVm h¡, CZHo$ {MÝVZ ‘| H«$‘~ÕVm
AmZr ewê$ hmo OmVr h¡ Am¡a O¡go-O¡go CZH$s Am¶w ~‹T>Vr OmVr h¡ Am¡a CZHo$
AZw^d ~‹T>Vo OmVo h¢, d¡go-d¡go CZH$s g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s j‘Vm ^r ~‹T>Vr
OmVr h¡& Bgo {n¶mOo Zo Am¡nMm[aH$ gåà˶¶ {MÝVZ H$s g§km Xr h¡& {n¶mOo
Ho$ AZwgma Bg Am¶w Ho$ ~ÀMo àVrH$mË‘H$ eãXm|, ê$nH$m| Ed§ Cn‘mZm| H$m
Ame¶ ^r g‘PZo bJVo h¢ Am¡a A‘yV© à˶¶m| Ho$ {Z‘m©Êm ‘| D±$Mr-D±$Mr C‹S>mZ
^aZo bJVo h¢& {n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma à˶¶ {Z‘m©U H$s ¶h {H«$¶m AZdaV ê$n go
‘Zwî¶ Ho$ OrdZ ^a MbVr h¡, naÝVw BgH$m àH$ma Ed§ ñVa CgH$s {ejm Ed§
AZw^dm| na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡&
6.12.3 {n¶mOo Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV H$s
{deofVmE±
1. {n¶mOo Ho$ Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZm EH$ H«${‘H$ Ed§ Amamohr
à{H«$¶m h¡& A~ ¶h ~mV g^r ñdrH$ma H$aVo h¢&
2. {n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma grIZo Ho$ {bE n¶m©daU Am¡a {H«$¶m ‘yb
Amdí¶H$VmE± hmoVr h¢& AmO ¶o ~mV ^r g^r ñdrH$ma H$aVo h¢&
3. {n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ ImoO H$aZo H$s e{³V
CZH$s O¡{dH$ n[an³dVm, AZw^d Ed§ BZ XmoZm| H$s AÝV…{H«$¶mAm|
Ûmam {ZYm©[aV hmoVr h¡&
4. {n¶mOo Ho$ Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ~mbH$m| Ho$ A‘yV© {MÝVZ na
CZH$s {ejm H$m à^md hmoVm h¡& {ZåZ {ejm ñVa Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$m
A‘yV© {MÝVZ H$‘ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a CÀM {ejm ñVa Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$m
A‘yV© {MÝVZ H$m’$s D±$Mm hmoVm h¡&
5. {n¶mOo Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma Am¡nMm[aH$ g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm Ho$
~mX ~mbH$ H$s gånyU© ~m¡{ÕH$ e{³V H$m {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a
dh AnZr ~m¡{ÕH$ j‘VmAm| Ho$ à¶moJ go g‘ñ¶mAm|o H$m g‘mYmZ
H«$‘~Õ Ed§ Vm{H©$H$ T>§J (d¡km{ZH$ T>§J) go H$a gH$Vm h¡&
6.12.4 {n¶mOo Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV H$s H${‘¶m±
1. {n¶mOo Zo AnZo Bg {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ ~ÀMm| H$s {H«$¶mAm|
H$m AdbmoH$Z H$aZo Ho$ AmYma na {H$¶m h¡& AV… ¶h {gÕmÝV
ì¶{³V{ZîR> A{YH$ Am¡a dñVw{ZîR> AnojmH¥$V H$‘ h¡&
2. {n¶mOo H$m ¶h {gÕmÝV Bg YmaUm na AmYm[aV h¡ {H$ ‘Zwî¶ Ho$
eara Ho$ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ A§Jm| H$s Vah CgH$s ~w{Õ H$m {dH$mg ^r
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
Yrao-Yrao hmoVm h¡, O~{H$ ¶h ~mV AnZo ‘| nyU© ê$n go g˶ Zht
h¡& {Ogo {n¶mOo ~w{Õ H$m {dH$mg H$hVo h¢, dh dñVwV… ~m¡{ÕH$
j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg h¡&
3. ¶h {gÕmÝV ~ÀMm| Ho$ Ho$db g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aVm
h¡, CgHo$ H$m¡ebmË‘H$ Ed§ ^mdZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s ì¶m»¶m Zht
H$aVm&
4. ¶h {gÕmÝV g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| ^r Ho$db à˶¶ kmZ Ho$
{dH$mg H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aVm h¡, AV… ¶h AYyam h¡&
5. {n¶mOo H$m ¶h ‘mZZm h¡ {H$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg EH$ {deof H«$‘ ‘|
hmoVm h¡& ¶h ^r AnZo ‘| nyU© ê$n go g˶ Zhr§ h¡&
6. {n¶mOo Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ì¶{³V Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$m
CgH$s O¡{dH$ n[an³dVm go grYm gå~ÝY h¡, bo{H$Z H$B© à¶moJm|
Ed§ emoYm| Zo BgHo$ {dnarV n[aUm‘ {XE h¢&
7. {n¶mOo Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ‘yV© g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm go nhbo
~mbH$ Vm{H©$H$ Ed§ H«$‘~Õ {MÝVZ Zhr§ H$a gH$Vm h¡, bo{H$Z H$B©
emoY H$m¶m] Ho$ n[aUm‘ ¶h Xem©Vo h¢ {H$ ~mbH$ Bg AdñWm go nhbo
Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ H$a gH$Vo h¢&
6.12.5 {n¶mOo Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$
CnmXo¶Vm
1. {n¶mOo Zo ~ÀMm| Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo {d{dY lo{U¶m| ‘|
{d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡& CZHo$ AZwgma {H$gr ^r Am¶w Ho$ {bE nmR²>¶H«$‘
H$m {Z‘m©U CZHo$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg Ed§ à˶¶ {Z‘m©U Ho$ AmYma
na H$aZm Mm{hE&
2. ¶h {gÕmÝV Bg ~mV na ~b XoVm h¡ {H$ ~ÀMm| H$mo ñd{H«$¶m Ûmam
grIZo Ho$ Adga XoZo Mm{hE&
3. {n¶mOo Zo {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| AZwH$aU Ed§ Iob H$s {H«$¶m Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo
ñnîQ> {H$¶m& AV… {ejH$m| H$mo AZwH$aU Ed§ Iob {d{Y go n‹T>mZm-
{gImZm Mm{hE&
4. ¶h {gÕmÝV ¶h ñnîQ> H$aVm h¡ {H$ 11 df© H$s AdñWm nyar H$aVo-
H$aVo ~ÀÀmm| ‘| g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg hmoZo bJVm
h¡& AV… 11 df© go ~‹S>o ~ÀMm| H$mo n‹T>mZo-{gImZo Ho$ {bE g‘ñ¶m
g‘mYmZ {d{Y H$m à¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE&
5. grIZo ‘| àJ{V Z H$aZo dmbo N>mÌm| H$mo XÊS> Zht XoZm Mm{hE&
6. {n¶mOo Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma MmbH$ Am¡a A{^àoaUm A{YJ‘ Ed§
{dH$mg Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡& AV… {ejH$m| H$mo {ejU-A{YJ‘
à{H«$¶m ‘| BZH$m C{MV à¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE&
7. {n¶mOo Zo ~w{Õ H$m ‘mnZ CgHo$ ì¶mdhm[aH$ Cn¶moJ (dmVmdaU Ho$
gmW AÝV…{H«$¶m) H$s j‘Vm Ho$ ê$n ‘| {H$¶m h¡& AV… ~w{Õ narjUm|
Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘| ì¶mdhm[aH$ ê$n ‘| à¶moJ go gå~pÝYV {H«$¶mAm| H$m
Cn¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE&
8. {n¶mOo Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ kmZ go {ejH$ Ed§ A{^^mdH$ ~mbH$m|
H$s VH©$ Ed§ {dMmaUm e{³V H$s àH¥${V H$mo CZH$s AbJ-AbJ
AdñWmAm| ‘| g‘P Ed§ nhMmZ gH$Vo h¢&
 àJʶ
9. {n¶mOo Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ~mbH$m| H$mo n‹T>mZo-{bImZo Ho$ {bE
Eogo AZw^d Ed§ A{YJ‘ gm‘J«r àñVwV H$aZr Mm{hE, {OÝh| do
AmË‘gmV H$a gHo$ Am¡a AmJo Ho$ Aܶ¶Z Ho$ {bE MwZm¡Vr Ho$ ê$n
‘| gm‘Zo AmE&
10. {n¶mOo Ho$ Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZm ~mbH$ Ho$ ñd¶§ Am¡a
CgHo$ n¶m©daU go AÝV…{H«$¶m Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoVm h¡& AV… {ejH$m|
Ed§ A{^^mdH$m| H$mo ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE C{MV Ed§ àoaUmXm¶H$ dmVmdaU
H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm Mm{hE&
6.13 d¡ÊSw>am H$m gm‘m{OH$ grIZo H$m {gÕmÝV
à{gÕ A‘o[aH$Z ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Ab~Q>© d¡ÊSw>am Zo {H$gr ì¶p³V Ûmam Aݶ
ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m {ZarjU H$a CZHo$ O¡gm ì¶dhma AnZo ñd^md ‘|
bmZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE EH$ ge³V ‘mܶ‘ Ho$ ê$n ‘| ñdrH$ma
{H$¶m& CÝhm|Zo Xÿgam| Ho$ ì¶dhma Ho$ {ZarjU Ûmam grIZo H$mo ‘m°S>qbJ H$s g§km
Xr h¡& grIZo ‘| àojU AWdm {ZarjU Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo ñdrH$ma H$a d¡ÊSw>am Zo
grIZo Ho$ EH$ ZE {gÕmÝV H$mo à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m, {Ogo d¡ÊSw>am H$m gm‘m{OH$
grIZo H$m {gÕmÝV H$hm OmVm h¡& {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ H$aVo hþE d¡ÊSw>am
Zo H$hm -
h‘ n¶m©daU ‘| CnbãY {H$gr CÔrnZ Ho$ à{V {~Zm gmoMo g‘Po AZw{H«$¶m Zhr§
H$aVo& h‘ h‘mao Mmam| Amoa {dÚ‘mZ n¶m©daUr¶ VÎdm| ‘| go gyP Ed§ nyd© H$s AZw^y{V¶m|
Ho$ AmYma na Hw$N> H$m M¶Z H$aVo h¢ Am¡a ¶h H$m¶© h‘ h‘mao Mmam| Amoa ahZo dmbo
ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ ì¶dhmam| H$m {ZarjU H$a CZH$m AZwH$aU H$a H$aVo h¢& Bg àH$ma h‘
àojU Ûmam grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo nyam H$aVo h¢&
d¡ÊSw>am Zo AnZo {gÕmÝV H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVo hþE H$hm {H$ ‘mZd H$m
ì¶dhma g§kmZmË‘H$, ì¶dhmamË‘H$ VWm n¶m©daUr¶ {ZYm©aH$m| Ho$ ~rM gVV²
AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m à{V’$b hmoVm h¡& CÝhm|Zo ñnîQ> {H$¶m {H$ ‘mZd {H«$¶m ‘| VrZ
H$maH$m| H$m nañna à^md h‘oem n‹S>Vm h¡& ¶o H$maH$ {ZåZ{b{IV h¢ -
1. ~mø dmVmdaU
2. g§kmZmË‘H$ Ed§ AmÝV[aH$ KQ>ZmE±
3. ì¶dhma
¶o VrZm| EH$-Xÿgao na {Z^©a hmoVo h¢ VWm EH$-Xÿgao H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo
h¢& ~mø dmVmdaU ‘| CnpñWV CÔrnZ (Aݶ ì¶{³V¶m| H$m ì¶dhma) Am¡a
ì¶{³V Ho$ dmñV{dH$ ì¶dhma Ho$ ‘ܶ AmÝV[aH$ g§kmZmË‘H$ Mam| H$s ‘hÎdnyU©
^y{‘H$m hmoVr h¡&
6.13.1 d¡ÊSw>am Ho$ à¶moJ
d¡ÊSw>am Zo EH$ à¶moJ {H$¶m, {Og‘| EH$ d¶ñH$ ì¶p³V Ûmam Hw$N> ~ÀMm| Ho$
gm‘Zo EH$ VrZ-Mma ’$sQ> bå~r Jw{‹S>¶m, {Ogo ~mo~ Jw{‹S>¶m H$m Zm‘ {X¶m, H$mo
CN>mbVo hþE, ‘maVo hþE Ed§ CgHo$ à{V AmH«$m‘H$Vm H$aVo hþE {XIbm¶m J¶m&
O~ BZ ~ÀMm| H$mo Cg Jw{‹S>¶m Ho$ gmW AHo$bm N>mo‹S> {X¶m J¶m, Vmo XoIm J¶m
{H$ CZHo$ Ûmam ^r d¡gm hr AmH«$m‘H$ ì¶dhma Cg Jw{‹S>¶m Ho$ gmW {H$¶m J¶m&
Hw$N> ~ÀMm| H$mo Q>r.dr. na Eogo hr AmH«$m‘H$ Ñí¶ {XImE JE, Vmo ¶o ~ÀMo, {OZ
~ÀMm| Zo AmH«$m‘H$ Ñí¶ Zht XoIo, go A{YH$ AmH«$m‘H$ ì¶dhma H$aVo XoIo JE&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV n¥îR> 93
d¡ÊSw>am Zo AnZo emoY Ed§ à¶moJm| Ho$ AmYma na ¶h ñnîQ> {H$¶m {H$
‘m°S>b Ho$ VrZ H$maH$ A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVo h¢-
1. ‘m°S>b H$s {deofVmE±
2. àojH$ H$s {deofVmE±
3. ì¶dhma Ho$ nwañH$ma n[aUm‘&
‘m°S>b Ed§ àojH$ H$s {deofVmAm| Ho$ gmW ‘m°S>b Ho$ ì¶dhmam| H$m
AZwH$aU H$aZo Ho$ ~mX {‘bZo dmbo nwañH$ma na ‘m°S>qbJ H$s à{V{H«$¶m hmoVr h¡&
Bg àH$ma àojU Ûmam grIZm gm‘m{OH$ grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$m AmYma
h¡& Bg {gÕmÝV Ûmam ¶h ñnîQ> {H$¶m J¶m {H$ Omo ^r h‘ grIVo h¢, dh Xÿgam|
H$mo XoIZo Am¡a gwZZo Ho$ níMmV² AZwH$aU Ûmam A{O©V H$a grIVo h¢& ~mbH$
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AnZr àmapå^H$ AdñWm go hr Xÿgam| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m gyú‘Vm go {ZarjU H$aVo
h¢& {OZHo$ ì¶dhma H$m ~mbH$ A{YH$Va {ZarjU H$aVo h¢, do hmoVo h¢-CZHo$
‘mVm-{nVm, n‹S>mg o r, AܶmnH$ Am¡a g‘mO Ho$ ~wOJw © bmoJ Am{X& BZ {ZarjUm| Ho$
’$bñdê$n ~mbH$ CÝht H$m AZwH$aU H$aVo h¢& Bg {gÕmÝV H$m AÀN>m CXmhaU
AmOH$b h‘ {H$emoam| Ed§ ¶wdmAm| ‘§o XoI gH$Vo h¢& A{YH$Va {H$emoa Ed§ ¶wdm
{’$ë‘m| ‘| Am¡a {dkmnZm| ‘| Omo Hw$N> ^r XoIVo h¢ CÝht H$m AZwH$aU AnZo OrdZ
‘| H$aVo h¢& {’$ë‘m| Ed§ {dkmnZm| Ho$ ‘m°S>ëg, CZHo$ {bE àoaUmXm¶r ì¶p³V hmoVo
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h¢& do CÝht H$s Vah ^mfm H$m à¶moJ H$aVo h¢, H$n‹S>o nhZVo h¢, Am¡a CÝht H$s Vah
{eîQ>mMma Ed§ ì¶dhma H$aVo h¢& BZ g^r CXmhaUm| go Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo
g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡& V¡aZm grIZm, ‘moQ>a~mBH$ MbmZm, ‘o{S>H$b Ho$ N>mÌm| Ûmam
gO©ar H$aZm, [ano¶[a¨J H$m H$m‘ grIZm Am¡a XþH$mZ na H$m‘ H$aZm Am{X g~
AZwH$aU Ûmam hr à^mdnyU© T>J§ go grIm OmVm h¡& àojU Ûmam grIZo ‘| ì¶{³V
H$mo ñdmZw^dm| Ed§ à˶j grIZo H$s VwbZm ‘| A{YH$ Adga {‘bVo h¢& Bg H$maU
Bggo à^mdr T§J go grIZm gånÝZ hmo nmVm h¡&
Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma gm‘m{OH$ grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| {H$gr ‘m°S>b
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H$mo XoIH$a CgHo$ ì¶dhma H$m AZwH$aU H$aZm Ed§ ^{dî¶ ‘| Cgo XmohamZo Ho$
{bE AnZo ì¶dhma ‘| AmË‘gmV H$a boZm hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Bg àH$ma ì¶p³V
grIVm h¡& Bg grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| gm‘mݶV… {ZåZm§{H$V nXm| H$m AZwgaU
{H$¶m OmVm h¡-
1. ì¶dhma na ܶmZ XoZm Am¡a g‘PZm
Bg nX ‘| ì¶p³V AnZo ‘m°S>b Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m {ZarjU H$aVm h¡ AWdm grIZo
dmbo H$mo {H$gr ‘m°S>b Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m {ZarjU H$am¶m OmVm h¡& ¶hm± ¶m Vmo
gånyU© ì¶dhma AWdm {H$gr {deof nhby go gå~pÝYV ì¶dhma grIZo dmbo
H$m ܶmZ AmH${f©V H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Yrao-Yrao grIZo dmbm Bgr ì¶dhma na
ܶmZ Ho$pÝÐV H$aZo bJVm h¡&
2. ì¶dhma H$mo ¶mX H$aZm
Bg na grIZo dmbo Zo Omo Hw$N> ^r {ZarjU Ûmam XoIm, g‘Pm, Cgo AnZr
ñ‘¥{V ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ à{VÀN>m¶mAm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| A§{H$V H$a boVm h¡&
3. ñ‘¥{V H$mo {H«$¶m ‘| bmZm
Bg nX na grIZo dmbm n¶m©daU ‘| d¡gr n[apñW{V CËnÝZ hmoZo na AWdm
ñd¶§ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$ {bE ‘m§J hmoZo na ñ‘¥{V ‘| A§{H$V Cg ì¶dhma H$m
AZwH$aU H$aVm h¡&
 n¥îR> 94 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
4. ì¶dhma Ho$ ~mX nwZ~©bZ
Bg A{ÝV‘ nX na AZwH$aU {H$E JE ì¶dhma H$mo gH$mamË‘H$ nwZ~©bZ {X¶m
OmVm h¡, Vm{H$ grIZo dmbm [Zar[jV ‘m°S>b Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo ^{dî¶ ‘| ^r AnZo
ì¶dhma Ûmam àX{e©V H$a gHo$&
grIZo Ho$ BZ nXm| H$mo EH$ CXmhaU Ho$ Ûmam ñnîQ> {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
~r.ES>. H$jm ‘| {df¶mܶmnH$ AnZo {df¶ ‘| CgHo$ Ûmam {Z{‘©V ‘m°S>b nmR> H$mo
N>mÌmܶmnH$m| Ho$ gm‘Zo gå~pÝYV H$jm Ho$ N>mÌm| H$mo AmXe© ê$n ‘| n‹T>mVm h¡&
N>mÌmܶmnH$ AnZo AܶmnH$ H$s à˶oH$ {H«$¶m Ed§ ì¶dhma H$m {ZarjU H$aVo h¢&
{ZarjU Ho$ níMmV² do AܶmnH$ H$s à˶oH$ {H«$¶m O¡g- o àíZ nyN>Zo H$m VarH$m,
ghm¶H$ {ejU gm‘J«r H$mo àX{e©V H$aZo H$s {d{Y, N>mÌm|o H$mo g{H«$¶ aIZo H$s
{H«$¶m Am¡a {df¶ dñVw H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo H$s VH$ZrH$ Am{X H$mo AnZo ñ‘¥{V nQ>b
na A§{H$V H$a boVo h¢& VËníMmV² O~ do ñd¶§ H$jm ‘| AnZm nmR> n‹T>mVo h¢, Vmo
do CZ g^r {H«$¶mAm| H$mo d¡go hr XmohamZo H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢ Am¡a O~ AܶmnH$
CZH$s nmR> ¶moOZm S>m¶ar ‘| Cg nmR> na AZwH$y b {ZX}e {bIVm h¡, Vmo do CÝht
{H«$¶mAm| H$mo AmJo Ho$ nmR> ‘| ^r XmohamZo H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢&
Bg àH$ma ‘m°S>qbJ à{H«$¶m Ûmam grIZo H$s {d{Y grIZo Ho$ {bE Ed§
ì¶dhma ‘| AÀN>r AmXVm| Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© ê$n go ghm¶H$ {gÕ hmoVr
h¡ Am¡a ì¶p³V AWdm N>mÌ Ho$ à˶oH$ ì¶dhma Am¡a {H«$¶m H$mo AZwH$aU Ûmam
dm§{N>V {Xem àXmZ H$aVr h¡&
6.13.2 gm‘m{OH$ grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s {deofVmE±
1. ¶h {gÕmÝV ì¶{³V Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m AZwH$aU H$a grIZo na ~b
XoVm h¡&
2. ¶h {gÕmÝV CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ ‘ܶ g§kmZmË‘H$ AmÝV[aH$ Mam|
H$s CnpñW{V H$mo ‘mݶVm XoVm h¡&
3. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZo dmbm CZ ì¶dhmam| H$mo hr grIVm
h¡, {OZ na CgH$m ܶmZ OmVm h¡ Am¡a {OZgo dh à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&
4. gm‘m{OH$ grIZo H$s gånyU© à{H«$¶m ‘| {ZarjU, ñ‘¥{V nQ>b na
A§H$Z, AZwH$aU Ed§ nwZ~©bZ H$s à{H«$¶mE± gpå‘{bV hmoVr h¢&
5. ì¶p³V AnZo OrdZ ‘| A{YH$m§e ì¶dhma Bg {gÕmÝV Ûmam {ZX}
{eV {d{Y go hr grIVm h¡&
6.13.3 d¡ÊSw>am Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s H${‘¶m±
1. Bg {gÕmÝV H$s g~go ~‹S>r H$‘r ¶h h¡ {H$ {gImZo Ho$ {bE AmXe©
‘m°S>b H$mo CnpñWV H$aZm ‘wpíH$b H$m‘ h¡&
2. ì¶p³V Ho$ AZwH$aU Ûmam g^r ì¶dhma Zht grIo Om gH$Vo&
6.13.4 d¡ÊSw>am Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$
CnmXo¶Vm
1. ¶h {gÕmÝV n¶m©daU ‘| CnbãY ì¶p³V, {H«$¶m AWdm KQ>Zm Am{X
H$m AZwH$aU H$a grIZo na ~b XoVm h¡& AV… {dÚmb¶m| ‘| n¶m©daU
Eogm CËnÝZ H$aZm Mm{hE {H$ ~mbH$ CÝh| XoI H$a grIo gHo$$&
2. àYmZmܶmnH$ Ed§ AܶmnH$ H$mo ñd¶§ H$mo EH$ ‘m°S>b Ho$ ê$n ‘|
àñVwV H$aZm Mm{hE, Vm{H$ N>mÌ CZH$m AZwH$aU H$a AÀN>o ì¶dhma
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
H$mo grI gHo$&
3. AܶmnH$ N>mÌm| H$mo ñdVÝÌVmnyd©H$ {ZarjU Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$ao&
4. N>mÌm| Ho$ {hV Ho$ {bE AܶmnH$m| H$mo H$^r-H$^r Eogr ~ZmdQ>r
n[apñW{V¶m± n¡Xm H$aZr Mm{hE, Omo AZwH$aU Ûmam grIZo ‘|
ghm¶H$ {gÕ hmo gHo$&
5. {dÚmb¶m| ‘| AZwH$aUr¶ nmR²>¶ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| H$m Am¶moOZ H$aZm
Mm{hE&
6. N>mÌ Q>r.dr. Ed§ {dkmnZm| ‘| H$m¡Z go H$m¶©H«$‘m| H$mo XoIVm h¡, Bg
na AܶmnH$m| H$mo ܶmZ XoZm Mm{hE Ed§ AÀN>o AZwH$aUr¶ H$m¶©H«$‘m|
H$mo XoIZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aZm Mm{hE&
6.14 H$Q>© bo{dZ H$m joÌ {gÕmÝV
Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ à{VnmXH$ H$Q>© bo{dZ h¢& H$mohba Am¡a H$moâH$m Ho$ gmW H$m¶©
H$aZo Ho$ níMmV² bo{dZ O‘©Zr N>mS‹o >H$a A‘o[aH$m Mbo J¶o& CZH$m {gÕmÝV grIZo
Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ AÝVJ©V AmVm h¡& H$Q>© bo{dZ Ho$ joÌr¶ {gÕmÝV H$m
{dH$mg grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ ê$n ‘| Zht hþAm h¡, ~pëH$ CgZo AnZo {gÕmÝV
Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s EH$ àUmbr àñVwV H$s h¡, {Ogo joÌr¶ ‘Zmo{dkmZ,
Vbê$n ¶m g{Xe ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$hVo h¢& dñVwV… joÌ {gÕmÝVm| H$m à{VnmXZ
gmhM¶© {gÕmÝVm| H$s à{V{H«$¶m Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n hþAm h¡&
bo{dZ H$m joÌr¶ {gÕmÝV nyUm©H$ma {gÕmÝV Ho$ hr g‘mZ h¡, naÝVw ¶h
WmoS‹ >m-gm {^ÝZ h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ¶h AZw^d Ho$ ñWmZ na ì¶dhma H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd
XoVm h¡ VWm ‘mZdr¶ A{^àoaU na ^r ~b XoVm h¡& H$Q>© bo{dZ Zo AnZo ‘V H$m
AmYma dmVmdaU ‘| ì¶p³V H$s pñW{V H$mo ~Vm¶m& bo{dZ Zo OrdZ-ñWb Ho$
AmYma na ì¶p³V Ho$ AZw^dm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$s h¡& CgHo$ AZwgma OrdZ-ñWb
dh dmVmdaU h¡, {Og‘| ì¶p³V ahVm h¡ Am¡a {Oggo à^m{dV hmoVm h¡& {H$gr
ì¶p³V H$m ¶h OrdZ-ñWb ‘Zmodk ¡ m{ZH$ ep³V¶m| na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡& bo{dZ Ho$
AZwgma grIZm H$moB© AZmoIr {H«$¶m Zht h¡& CgZo ~Vm¶m {H$ grIZo H$s {H«$¶m H$mo
g‘PZo Ho$ {bE h‘| Ho$db ¶h g‘PZm hmoVm h¡ {H$ OrdZ-ñWb H$m Zd g§JR>Z
{H$g àH$ma hmoVm h¡ VWm ‘Zmodk ¡ m{ZH$ g§gma H$s g§aMZm {H$g àH$ma hmoVr h¡&
AV… grIZm h‘mao AZw^dm| ¶m OrdZ-ñWb H$s g§aMZm ‘| n[adV©Z bmZo go
hmoVm h¡& bo{dZ Zo AmJo ~Vm¶m {H$ dmñVd ‘|, grIZm dmVmdaU H$m g§JR>Z h¡&
H$Q>© bo{dZ Zo AnZo ‘V H$m AmYma dmVmdaU ‘| ì¶p³V H$s pñW{V
H$mo ~Vm¶m& CgHo$ AZwgma ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ {bE ì¶p³V H$s
pñW{V H$mo CÔoí¶m| go gå~pÝYV ‘mZ{MÌ ‘| {ZYm©[aV H$aZo Ed§ à¶ËZm| H$s
OmZH$mar Amdí¶H$ h¡&
6.14.1 {gÕmÝV H$s ì¶m»¶m
¶h {gÕmÝV ‘Zwî¶ VWm CgHo$ grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo {Zanoj ¶m ¶mpÝÌH$ Zht
‘mZVm h¡, daZ² gmno{jH$ AWm©V EH$-Xÿgao go gå~pÝYV ‘mZVm h¡& ¶h {gÕmÝV
AZw^d Ho$ ñWmZ na ì¶dhma H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd XoVm h¡ VWm àoaUmAm| Am{X H$m
A{YH$ à¶moJ H$aVm h¡& bo{dZ Zo AnZo {gÕmÝV H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo ‘| J{UV Ho$
nm[a^m{fH$ eãXm|, O¡g-
o joÌ’$b, OrdZ {dñVma, Vbê$n, ep³V, do³Q>a Am{X H$m
à¶moJ {H$¶m h¡& grIZo H$s ì¶m»¶m ^r bo{dZ Zo ì¶p³V, dmVmdaU, ~mYmE±, ~mYmAm|
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
na {dO¶ VWm CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aHo$ H$s h¡& bo{dZ Ho$ ‘VmZwgma grIZo
H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| H$moB© {d{MÌ ~mV Zht h¡& A{YJ‘ ¶m grIZo H$mo ñnîQ> ê$n go g‘PZo
Ho$ {bE BVZm hr g‘PZm n¶m©á hmoJm {H$ OrdZ {dñVma {H$g àH$ma nwZ… ì¶dpñWV
hmoVm h¡ Am¡a {H$g àH$ma ‘Zmodk ¡ m{ZH$ g§gma H$s g§aMZm hmoVr h¡&
bo{dZ Ho$ {gÕmÝV ‘§o ^Ëg©Zm, bú¶ VWm AdamoYH$ à‘wI VÎd h¢&
{H$gr ì¶p³V H$mo bú¶ H$s àm{á Ho$ {bE AdamoYH$ H$mo nma H$aZm Amdí¶H$
h¡& ¶h AdamoYH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ AWdm ^m¡{VH$ hmo gH$Vm h¡& O¡gm {H$ D$na
g§Ho$V {X¶m Om MwH$m h¡& bo{dZ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$m {dH$mg grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$
ê$n ‘| Zht hþAm h¡& BgH$m {dH$mg A{^àoaUm Am¡a à˶jrH$aU Ho$ {gÕmÝV
Ho$ ê$n ‘| hþAm h¡, Bg{bE bo{dZ grIZo H$s {H«$¶m ‘| àoaUm VWm à˶jrH$aU
www.praganya.org
na ~b XoVo h¢& à˶jrH$aU H$m AW© h¡ {H$ H$moB© ì¶p³V {H$gr n[apñW{V H$mo
{H$g àH$ma XoIVm h¡& ì¶p³V {H$gr bú¶ ¶m CÔoí¶ go ào[aV hmoVm h¡& bú¶
àm¶… YZmË‘H$ Am¡a G$UmË‘H$ ep³V¶m| go n[anyU© hmoVo h¢&
ì¶p³V YZmË‘H$ ep³V go ào[aV hmoH$a bú¶ H$s Amoa AJ«ga hmoVm h¡
Am¡a G$UmË‘H$ ep³V Cgo grIZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aVr h¡& ì¶p³V H$mo bú¶ VH$
nhþM± Zo Ho$ ‘mJ© ‘| AZoH$ AdamoYH$ {‘bVo h¢, {Oggo dh gabVm go bú¶ H$s
àm{á Zht H$a nmVm& Bg{bE bú¶ VH$ nhþM± Zo Ho$ {bE BZ AdamoYH$m| H$mo Xÿa
www.praganya.org
H$aZm Amdí¶H$ hmo OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma OrdZ-ñWb H$s g§aMZm ¶m ì¶dñWm
~Xb OmVr h¡& AV… Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ grIZm
OrdZ-ñWb H$m nwZgªJR>Z h¡& OrdZ-ñWb ‘| ì¶p³V Am¡a bú¶ Ho$ ~rM Ho$
AdamoYH$m| H$mo Xÿa H$aZo Ho$ {bE ì¶p³V ‘| AÝVÑ©pîQ> ¶m gyP H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
Bg àH$ma ¶h grIZo H$m bú¶ gyP {gÕmÝV ^r H$hm OmVm h¡&
{ZåZ {MÌ go ¶h ~mV ñnîQ> hmo OmEJr-
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~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 95
{MÌ ‘o§ ì¶p³V AnZo bú¶ H$mo àmá H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡, naÝVw
CgHo$ ‘mJ© ‘| EH$ ¶y AmH$ma H$s ~mYm CnpñWV h¡& dh Bg ~mYm Ho$ H$maU
AnZo bú¶ H$mo àmá H$aZo ‘| Ag‘W© h¡& Bgr ~rM ‘mZd H$s AÝVÑ©pîQ>
CgHo$ OrdZ {dñVma ‘| n[adV©Z bmVr h¡ VWm CgHo$ ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z
H$aHo$ dmVmdaU ‘| EH$ g§JR>Z CËnÝZ H$aVr h¡ VWm A~ dh Bg g‘ñ¶m
H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo$ Ho$ {bE ¶y Ho$ Iwbo {gao go M³H$a H$m ‘mJ© ~ZmVm h¡ Am¡a
AnZo bú¶ H$mo àmá H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma bo{dZ d CgHo$ g‘W©H$m| H$m H$hZm
h¡ {H$ grIZo ‘| H$moB© ZdrZ AWdm {d{^ÝZ g‘ñ¶m Zht h¡& ¶h Vmo OrdZ
{dñVma H$s nwZ… g§aMZm ‘mÌ H$m {df¶ h¡& ¶{X h‘ g§aMZm Ho$ ‘w»¶ {Z¶‘
AWdm OrdZ-{dñVma Ho$ à~ÝY H$mo hb H$a gH$Vo h¢, Vmo h‘ ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s
g^r ‘hÎdnyU© g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo g‘P gH|$Jo VWm CZHo$ AmYma na A{YJ‘ H$mo
^r g‘P gH|$Jo&
6.14.2 joÌ {gÕmÝV Ho$ à‘wI AmYma
H$Q>© bo{dZ Ho$ joÌ {gÕmÝV Ho$ Hw$N> ‘hÎdnyU© à˶¶ Bg àH$ma h¡-
1. joÌ
bo{dZ Ho$ AZwgma joÌ H$m VmËn¶© ‘mZd Ho$ Cg gånyU© ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ OJV² go
h¡, {Og‘| dh ahVm h¡ VWm {H$gr g‘¶ {deof ‘| ^«‘U H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ g§gma ‘| ì¶p³V ñd¶§, CgHo$ {dMma, V϶, YmaUmE±, H$ënZmE±,
{dídmg Ed§ AmemE± g~ Hw$N> Am OmVr h¡& ¶h joÌ à˶oH$ ì¶p³V Ho$ {bE
AbJ hmoVm h¡& O¡go- EH$ ZjÌ doÎmm joÌ H$m à¶moJ Vmam| Ho$ {bE H$aVm h¡,
^m¡{VH$emñÌr na‘mUw g§aMZm Ho$ Aܶ¶Z Ho$ {bE Am{X&
2. OrdZ {dñVma
OrdZ {dñVma H$m Ame¶ Cg dmVmdaU go h¡, {Og‘| ‘Zwî¶ h¡ Am¡a Cg
dmVmdaU H$m à^md ì¶p³V na {ZaÝVa n‹S>Vm ahVm h¡& dmVmdaU go VmËn¶©
àmH¥${VH$, gm‘m{OH$ VWm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ dmVmdaU go h¡, {Og‘| ì¶p³V bJmVma
g§Kf© H$aVm ahVm h¡ Am¡a Cggo à^m{dV hmoVm ahVm h¡& ‘mZd H$s AnZr Hw$N>
Amdí¶H$VmE± hmoVr h¡, Hw$N> ¶mo½¶VmE± hmoVr h¢, Hw$N> gr‘mE± hmoVr h¢ Am¡a CZ
g~Ho$ Mmam| Amoa CgH$m dmVmdaU hmoVm h¡ VWm ¶h dmVmdaU OrdZ-{dñVma
H$s gr‘m go {Kam hmoVm h¡& bo{dZ OrdZ-{dñVma H$s g§aMZm Ho$ {bE BZ g^r
H$mo ~am~a ‘hÎd XoVo h¢&
3. ì¶p³V
bo{dZ Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³V ¶m ‘mZd H$mo CgH$s ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| hr
g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡& ì¶p³V H$m Ame¶ ‘pñVîH$ ¶m eara ¶m XmoZm| go hr Zht
h¡& ¶h g§Ho$V H$aVm h¡ ‘¢, ‘oam, ‘wPo Am{X& à˶oH$ ì¶p³V H$s AnZr Hw$N>
Amdí¶H$VmE± hmoVr h¢, Omo CgHo$ ì¶dhma H$s {Xem {ZYm©[aV H$aVr h¢ VWm ¶h
{Xem ì¶p³V H$mo bú¶ H$s Amoa ‘mo‹S> XoVr h¡, Omo ì¶p³V ‘| VZmd ^a XoVr h¡&
ì¶p³V O~ VH$ AdamoYm| H$mo nma H$aHo$ bú¶ VH$ Zht nhþ±M OmVm, V~ VH$
dh ~am~a à¶ËZerb ~Zm ahVm h¡&
4. ~mø AmdaU
¶h AmdaU ì¶p³V Ho$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ dmVmdaU Ho$ ~mha Mmam| Amoa ahVm h¡&
¶h àmUr go gå~pÝYV dmVmdaU Ho$ CZ njm| go {Z{‘©V hmoVm h¡, {OZH$m
 n¥îR> 96 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
à˶jrH$aU ì¶p³V ñd¶§ Zht H$a nmVm, {H$ÝVw Cg ì¶p³V H$m Aܶ¶Z
H$aZo dmbo bmoJ CZH$m à˶jrH$aU H$a gH$Vo h¢, Xÿgao eãXm| ‘|, g‘ñV
A‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ V϶m| H$m dh {‘lU, Omo OrdZ {dñVma Ho$ Mmam| Amoa {Kam
ahVm h¡, ~mø AmdaU H$hbmVm h¡& BgHo$ AÝVJ©V ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ emar[aH$ VWm
gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU Ho$ do ^mJ AmVo h¢, Omo g‘¶ {deof ‘| ì¶p³V Ho$ OrdZ-
{dñVma Ho$ A§J Zht hmoVo, bo{H$Z H$^r A§J hmo gH$Vo h¢& ¶h ì¶p³V H$s
ì¶mdhm[aH$ gå^mdZmAm| H$mo gr{‘V H$aVm h¡&
5. Vbê$n
joÌ {gÕmÝV H$mo Vbê$n {gÕmÝV ^r H$hVo h¢& Vbê$n H$m ¶h à˶¶ aoImJ{UV
go {b¶m J¶m h¡& H$Q>© bo{dZ Zo J{UV Ho$ AmYma na ‘mZd ì¶dhma H$mo g‘PmZo
H$m à¶mg {H$¶m h¡& Vbê$n ‘| Xÿar d AmH¥${V H$m H$moB© ‘hÎd Zht hmoVm AWm©V²
BgH$m bå~B©, Mm¡‹S>mB© VWm ‘moQ>mB© go H$moB© gå~ÝY Zht hmoVm h¡, ~pëH$ Bg‘|
AÝXa, ~mha VWm gr‘m Ho$ à˶¶m| H$s {ddoMZm H$s OmVr h¡& Vbê$n aoImJ{UV
H$s ÑpîQ> go d¥Îm, XrK©d¥Îm, g‘ ¶m {df‘ ~hþ^wOm| ‘| H$moB© AÝVa Zht hmoVm&
nmZr H$s EH$ ~yÝX VWm n¥Ïdr XmoZm| hr Vbê$n H$s ÑpîQ> go EH$ g‘mZ g‘Po
OmVo h¢& Vbê$n CÔoí¶ VWm CZH$s àm{á Ho$ ‘ܶ ~mYmAm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| ì¶p³V
H$s pñW{V H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVm h¡&
6. g{Xe
g{Xe H$m à˶¶ ^m¡{VH$ emñÌ go {b¶m J¶m h¡& ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| g{Xe EH$ ~b
H$m à{V{Z{YËd H$aVm h¡, Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo bú¶ H$s Amoa AWdm
bú¶ go Xÿa OmZo H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVm h¡& g{Xe ‘| EH$ {deof {Xem ‘| OmZo
H$s àd¥{Îm hmoVr h¡ VWm ¶h ep³V Ed§ {Xem XmoZm| H$mo A{^춳V H$aVm h¡&
ep³V Ed§ {Xem {‘bH$a àoaH$ H$mo ep³V àXmZ H$aVr h¡& Bg àH$ma g{Xe
‘| VrZ ~mV| {Z{hV hmoVr h¢- {Xem, ep³V VWm à¶moJ {~ÝXþ& g{Xe ¶h ^r
A{^춳V H$aVm h¡ {H$ {H$g n[apñW{V ‘| ³¶m hmoZo dmbm h¡ AWdm ³¶m hmo
ahm h¡& gmW hr, ¶h OrdZ-{dñVma Ho$ {d{^ÝZ àXoem| H$s H$f©U ep³V¶m| H$mo
^r 춳V H$aVm h¡&
7. H$f©U ep³V
OrdZ-{dñVma Ho$ {H$gr joÌ ¶m àXoe ‘| Xmo àH$ma H$s ep³V¶m± hmoVr h¢,
{OÝh| AmH$f©U VWm à{VH$f©U ep³V¶m± H$hVo h¢& ¶o ep³V¶m± gH$mamË‘H$ VWm
ZH$mamË‘H$ Xmo àH$ma H$s hmoVr h¢& Bg ep³V¶m| ‘| {Xem VWm n[aUm‘ XmoZm|
hmoVo h¢& O~ H$moB© ì¶p³V {H$gr dñVw Ho$ à{V AmH${f©V hmoVm h¡, V~ h‘ H$hVo
h¢ {H$ Cg dñVw ‘| AmH$f©U ep³V h¡ Am¡a BgHo$ {dnarV, O~ H$moB© ì¶p³V
{H$gr dñVw go Xÿa hQ>Vm h¡, V~ h‘ H$hVo h¢ {H$ Cg dñVw ‘| {dH$f©U ep³V h¡&
H$f©U ep³V Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ¶hr {dMma ‘m¡[ag. Eb. {~½Jr Zo ^r 춳V {H$¶o h¢&
8. AdamoY
¶h dmVmdaU H$m EH$ J˶mË‘H$ nhby h¡, Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ bú¶ ¶m CÔoí¶ VH$
nhþ±MZo Ho$ ‘mJ© ‘| Am I‹S>m hmoVm h¡ VWm CgHo$ AmJo ~‹T>Zo H$s J{V H$mo AdéÕ
H$a XoVm h¡& g§jon ‘|, ì¶p³V H$mo AnZo bú¶ VH$ nhþ±MZo ‘| AZoH$ g‘ñ¶mAm|
Ed§ AdamoYm| H$m gm‘Zm H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& ¶{X ì¶p³V H$mo BZ AdamoYm| H$mo Xÿa
H$aZo hoVw A{^àoaUm {‘bVr ahr, Vmo dh AnZo bú¶ H$mo AmgmZr go àmá H$a
boVm h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV pñW{V ‘| dh ¶m Vmo AnZm bú¶ hr ~Xb boVm h¡
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
AWdm hVme, {Zame Ed§ Hw$ÊR>m H$m {eH$ma hmo OmVm h¡& ~ma-~ma H$s g’$bVm
go ì¶p³V H$s AmH$m§jm H$m ñVa D$na CR>Vm h¡ VWm ~ma-~ma Ag’$b hmoZo
na AmH$m§jm H$m ñVa ZrMo {JaVm h¡&
9. ÛÝÛ
Eogm g‘Pm OmVm h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V Ho$ OrdZ joÌ ‘| Eogo CnjoÌ ^r hmoVo h¢, {OZ‘|
{H$ EH$ hr g‘¶ ‘| {d{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ H$f©U g{H«$¶ hmoVo h¢& {deofH$a Cg
n[apñW{V ‘| O~ AmH$f©U Am¡a {dH$f©U CËnÝZ H$aZo dmbr XmoZm| ep³V¶m±
g‘mZ hmo& Eogr pñW{V ‘| ÛÝÛ H$m CËnÝZ hmoZm ñdm^m{dH$ hr h¡& bo{dZ Zo ÛÝÛ
VrZ àH$ma Ho$ ~Vm¶o h¢- nhbm, dh ÛÝÛ {Og‘| XmoZm| ep³V¶m± gH$mamË‘H$ hmo&
O¡go- {H$gr ì¶p³V H$mo ~¢H$ ‘| ³bH©$ {Z¶w³V H$a {b¶m OmE Am¡a Eb.AmB©.
gr. ‘| ^r& Xÿgam, dh ÛÝÛ {Og‘| XmoZm| ep³V¶m± ZH$mamË‘H$ hmo& O¡go- AmJo
Hw$Am±, nrN>o ImB©& Vrgam, dh ÛÝÛ {Og‘| EH$ ep³V gH$mamË‘H$ d EH$
ZH$mamË‘H$ hmo& O¡go- EH$ N>moQ>r b‹S>H$s AmBgH«$s‘ ^r ImZm MmhVr h¡ Am¡a
Cgo Bg ~mV H$m ^r S>a h¡ {H$ H$ht Cgo OwH$m‘ Z hmo Om¶o&
6.14.3 H$Q>© bo{dZ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s H${‘¶m±
1. bo{dZ Zo AnZo {gÕmÝV H$s ì¶m»¶m J{UV Ho$ n[a^m{fV eãXm|,
O¡go- joÌ’$b, OrdZ {dñVma, Vbê$n, ep³V, gÝVwbZ, do³Q>a
Am{X Ho$ Ûmam H$s h¡& dmñVd ‘| BZ g~ eãXm| H$mo g‘PZm ~‹S>m
H${R>Z h¡&
2. Bgr àH$ma ¶h {gÕmÝV grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s Vah {dH${gV Zht
hþAm, daZ² A{^àoaUm Ed§ à˶jrH$aU Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ ê$n ‘| gm‘Zo
Am¶m, naÝVw BVZm Adí¶ h¡ {H$ bo{dZ AnZo Bg {gÕmÝV H$m
Cn¶moJ grIZo H$s n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| ^r H$aZm MmhVm h¡&
3. Bg {gÕmÝV ‘| ì¶p³V H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd {X¶m J¶m h¡ VWm dh
gånyU© dmVmdaU Ho$ à^md go AnZm ì¶dhma àX{e©V H$aVm h¡,
naÝVw ³¶m dmVmdaU hr g~go A{YH$ à^mdembr h¡? ì¶p³V H$s
Hw$N> AmÝV[aH$ BÀN>mE±, Amdí¶H$VmE± ^r Cgo ì¶dhma H$aZo H$mo
ào[aV H$aVr h¢&
4. dmñVd ‘| ¶h {gÕmÝV ‘mZdr¶ A{^àoaUm Ho$ Aܶ¶Z go gå~pÝYV
h¡&
5. ¶h {gÕmÝV AZw^d Ho$ ñWmZ na ì¶dhma H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd XoVm h¡&
6.14.4 H$Q>© bo{dZ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm
H$Q>© bo{dZ Ho$ joÌ {gÕmÝV H$mo {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| A˶ÝV ‘hÎdnyU© ‘mZm J¶m
h¡& Bg {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV {~ÝXþAm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘|
AmgmZr go g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. ¶h {gÕmÝV {ejm VWm ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ úmoÌ ‘| à^mdr T>±J go
Cn¶moJ ‘| bm¶m OmVm h¡& ì¶p³VËd H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZo VWm g‘mO
‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s ÑpîQ> go Bg {gÕmÝV H$m ‘hÎd Am¡a ^r A{YH$
~‹T> OmVm h¡&
2. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZm OrdZ joÌ H$mo {d^o{XV ~ZmZo H$s
à{H«$¶m h¡& {d^oXrH¥$V OrdZ Ho$ úmoÌ go h‘mam Ame¶ ¶h h¡ {H$ OrdZ
joÌ Ho$ AÝVJ©V AZoH$ N>mQo >-
o N>mQo >o joÌ Ed§ àXoe g‘m{hV ahVo h¢&
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
3. Bg {gÕmÝV H$m {ejU ‘| {deof ‘hÎd h¡& Bg ÑpîQ> go {ejH$ H$mo
Mm{hE {H$ dh grIZo Ho$ {bE C{MV dmVmdaU àñVwV H$ao VWm
N>mÌm| Ho$ gå‘wI Ano{jV ì¶mdhm[aH$ CÔoí¶m| H$m ñnîQ>rH$aU ^br
àH$ma H$ao, Vm{H$ CÝh| AmgmZr go àmá {H$¶m Om gHo$&
4. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma {ejH$ H$mo ~hþV hr à^mdH$mar T>§J go
{dÚmWu, CgHo$ dmVmdaU, CgH$s Amdí¶H$VmAm|, é{M¶m|,
ÑpîQ>H$moUm|, gr‘mAm|, j‘VmAm| Ed§ Aݶ gå~ÝYm| H$mo ~Iy~r
g‘PZm Mm{hE& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘|, {ejH$ H$mo {dÚmWu Ho$ OrdZ joÌ
H$mo nyar Vah go g‘PZm Mm{hE&
5. {ejH$m| H$mo Eogo à¶mg H$aZo Mm{hE, {Oggo {H$ N>mÌm| Ho$ à˶jrH$aU
H$m joÌ {dñV¥V hmo Am¡a OrdZ joÌ Am¡a A{YH$ bå~m Mm¡‹S>m hmoVm
www.praganya.org
Om¶& gmW hr {dÚmWu H$s grIZo go gå~pÝYV AmH$m§jmAm| H$mo ^r
D±$Mm CR>mZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m Om¶o&
6. {ejU-A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m àmaå^ H$aZo go nyd© N>mÌm| Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$
ñdmñ϶ Ho$ ~mao ‘| ^r {ejH$ H$mo OmZH$mar àmá H$a boZr Mm{hE&
CgH$m ¶h ha gå^d à¶mg hmoZm Mm{hE {H$ N>mÌ hVmem, Hw$ÊR>m,
{Zamem, VZmd Am{X go Xÿa aho AݶWm Eogr n[apñW{V ‘| N>mÌ go
dm{ÝN>V A{YJ‘ H$s Anojm H$aZm {ZamYma hr gm[~V hmoJm&
www.praganya.org
7. A{^àoaUm, A{YJ‘ H$s EH$ A{Zdm¶© eV© h¡& H$hm ^r J¶m h¡ {H$
{OVZm AÀN>m A{^àoaU, CVZm hr AÀN>m grIZm& ¶h {gÕmÝV
Bgr{bE {ejU ‘| A{^àoaUm Ho$ ‘hÎd na ~b XoVm h¡& A{^àoaUm
hr N>mÌm| Ho$ grIZo H$s {Xem ‘| CËgmh, ܶmZ Ed§ é{M H$m g‘w{MV
{dH$mg H$aVr h¡&
8. ¶h {gÕmÝV Bg ~mV na ~hþV A{YH$ ~b XoVm h¡ {H$ H$jm H$m
dmVmdaU N>mÌm| H$s grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo ~hþV A{YH$ à^m{dV
H$aVm h¡& AV… ¶h na‘ Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ H$jm H$m ^m¡{VH$ dmVmdaU,
www.praganya.org
O¡go- àH$me, dm¶w Am{X CÀM ñVa H$m ~Zm¶m Om¶o& gmW hr
N>mÌm| ‘o§ nañna gh¶moJ, ñZoh Am{X H$s ^mdZmE± {dH${gV H$a
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ dmVmdaU H$m ^r {Z‘m©U {H$¶m Om¶o&
9. ¶h {gÕmÝV N>mÌm| H$s aQ>Zo H$s àH¥${V H$m {damoY H$aVm h¡ VWm
BgHo$ ñWmZ na CZ‘| AÝVÑ©pîQ> Ho$ {dH$mg na ~b XoVm h¡& gmW
hr N>mÌm| Ho$ ‘pñVîH$ ‘| kmZ H$mo R>±ygZo H$m à¶mg Zht H$aZm Mm{hE,
~pëH$ AmYw{ZH$ {ejU à{d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ H$a Cgo gwJ«mø ~ZmZo
H$m à¶mg H$aZm Mm{hE&
10. ¶h {gÕmÝV ì¶p³V H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd XoVm h¡& AV… {ejm ‘| N>mÌm|
Ho$ ñd H$mo ‘hÎd {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE& O~ VH$ N>mÌ ñd¶§ AnZr
Amdí¶H$VmAm|, j‘VmAm|, H${‘¶m|, dmVmdaU Ed§ CÔoí¶m| go n[a{MV
Zht hmoJm, V~ VH$ dh Z Vmo à^mdr ì¶dhma hr H$a nmEJm Am¡a Z
hr Ano{jV A{YJ‘ àmá H$a gHo$Jm&
11. ¶h {gÕmÝV AdamoYm| Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo ñdrH$ma H$aVm h¡& bo{dZ Ho$
AZwgma ì¶p³V AmH$f©U Ho$ H$maU bú¶ VH$ nhþ±MZo Ho$ {bE g~go
N>moQ>m VarH$m AnZm gH$Vm h¡, O¡go {H$ narjm ‘| ZH$b H$aZm&
Bg{bE OrdZ joÌ ‘| AdamoY H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& XÊS> H$s pñW{V
‘| ì¶p³V n[apñW{V go nbm¶Z H$a gH$Vm h¡& AV… ì¶p³V H$mo
Cgr joÌ ‘| aIZo Ho$ {bE ge³V AdamoYm| H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 97
12. {H$gr {H«$¶m H$s nwZamd¥{Îm g§kmZmË‘H$ g§aMZm Am¡a Amdí¶H$Vm
go CËnÝZ VZmd XmoZm| ‘| n[adV©Z bmVr h¡& n[aUm‘V… bú¶ H$s
AmH$f©U ep³V ‘| n[adV©Z Am OmVm h¡& H$f©U H$B© àH$ma go
n[ad{V©V hmoVo h¢, O¡go- AmH$f©U ¶w³V bú¶ AnZm AmH$f©U Imo
gH$Vo h¢& ¶{X ~ma-~ma Cgr {H«$¶m H$mo Xmoham¶m Om¶o, Vmo àmUr
V¥{á H$s AdñWm VH$ nhþ±M OmVm h¡, Xÿgao, ‘ybV… AZmH$f©U bú¶
AmH$f©U ¶w³V ~Z OmVo h¢, O¡go- nhbo gm§p»¶H$s ~war bJVr Wr,
bo{H$Z Aä¶mg go ag AmZo bJm VWm Vrgao, bú¶ H$m MwZmd
ì¶p³V H$s g’$bVm ¶m Ag’$bVm go gå~pÝYV nyd© AZw^dm| Ûmam
à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&
13. H$m¡Z-gr MrO ñ‘¥{V ‘| ahoJr, Bg gå~ÝY ‘| ^r bo{dZ Zo AnZo
{dMma gw{ZpíMV {H$¶o h¢, O¡go- Eogr MrO|, {OÝh| nyam H$aZo go
H$moB© à¶moOZ {gÕ Zht hmoVm, do ^yb OmVo h¢, AYyao H$m¶© nyao H$a
{X¶o J¶o H$m¶m] H$s Anojm A{YH$ ¶mX ahVo h¢ VWm Eogo H$m¶© Omo
H$B© Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© H$aVo h¢, do CZ H$m¶m] H$s Anojm Omo
Ho$db EH$ hr Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© H$aVo h¢, A{YH$ ¶mX ahVo h¢&
6.15 A{YJ‘ H$m gmBZ-J¡ñQ>mëQ> {gÕmÝV
Bg ‘V H$m à{VnmXZ Q>m°b‘¡Z Zo {H$¶m Wm& Q>m°b‘¡Z Ho$ Bg {gÕmÝV H$m
AmYma nyUm©H$madmX h¡& Q>m°b‘¡Z H$s ‘mݶVm h¡ {H$ ‘mZd H$m ì¶dhma CÔoí¶nyU©
hmoVm h¡& A{YJ‘ Ho$ {M• VWm AmemAm| H$mo dh A{YH$ ‘hÎd XoVm h¡& CgHo$
AZwgma CÔrnZ ‘| AW© Cgr g‘¶ CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡, O~{H$ dh ì¶p³V
H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Am¡a CÔoí¶ ny{V© ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢& Q>m°b‘¡Z H$m ¶h ‘V
à¶moOZdmXr ‘Zmo{dkmZ na AmYm[aV h¡& ¶h à¶moOZ H$mo {H$gr {H«$¶m H$mo
grIZo H$m Ho$ÝÐ {~ÝXþ ‘mZVo h¢& Or. boñQ>a EÊS>agZ Ho$ AZwgma- Q>m°b‘¡Z Ho$
{gÕmÝV ‘o§ Ho$db J{V¶m| H$m hr A{YJ‘ Zht àmá {H$¶m OmVm h¡, ~pëH$ {M•m|
¶m AmemAm| H$m A{YJ‘ ^r àmá {H$¶m OmVm h¡& H«${‘H$ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| J{V¶m±
EH$ O¡gr Zht ‘mZr Om gH$Vr& A{YJ‘H$Vm© n[apñW{V H$mo à˶j go ‘mnVm
h¡ Am¡a BZ à˶j kmZm| Ho$ AZwgma hr AZw{H«$¶m H$aVm h¡& ¶h ‘mZm OmVm h¡
{H$ BZ à˶j kmZm| go VpÝÌH$m gå~ÝYr gh-gå~ÝY hmoVo h¢, naÝVw CZH$m
ñdê$n A^r kmV Zht h¡, {H$ÝVw Q>m°b‘¡Z Am¡a Aݶ bmoJm| Zo Bg g§H$ënZm H$mo
A{^춳V H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$ VpÝÌH$m H$s aMZm ‘| H$hr {M•m|, AmemAm| Am¡a
bú¶m| Ho$ à˶j kmZ Ho$ gmW gh gå~ÝY {dÚm‘mZ h¡, EH$ eãX H$m à¶moJ
{H$¶m J¶m h¡, ¶h eãX h¡ g§kmZmË‘H$ aMZm, Omo A~ ^r nyar Vah go ñnîQ>
ê$n go d{U©V Zht {H$¶m J¶m, {H$ÝVw ¶h ì¶dhma na AmYm[aV EH$ AZw‘mZ h¡&
Q>m°b‘¡Z Ho$ {gÕmÝV ‘o§ kmZmË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$mo ‘hÎd {X¶m J¶m h¡&
Q>m°b‘¡Z H$m ‘V CÔoí¶mË‘H$ ì¶dhma na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡& Bg ‘V H$mo BZ Zm‘m|
go ^r nwH$mam OmVm h¡-
1. {M• J¡ñQ>mëQ> {gÕmÝV
2. gå^mdZm {gÕmÝV
3. kmZmË‘H$ {gÕmÝV
ES>dS>© gr. Q>m°b‘¡Z Zo AnZo {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ newAm| VWm ‘Zwî¶m|
‘| CÔoí¶mË‘H$, àoaH$, ¶wÕ H$s Amoa VWm Hw$N> {Z~ÝYm| ‘| {H$¶m h¡& Q>m°b‘¡Z Zo
 n¥îR> 98 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
ì¶dhma H$mo J«m‘mUw {db¶Z VWm AmU{dH$ H$s ^m±{V g‘Pm h¡& BgH$m AmYma
ñZm¶w, ‘m±gno{e¶m± VWm J«pÝW¶m± h¢& AZoH$ {M• A{YJ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ C^aVo h¢,
Bg{bE Q>m°b‘¡Z H$m {gÕmÝV Ho$ {M• nyUm©H$ma ‘V ^r H$hm J¶m h¡&
Q>m°b‘¡Z H$m ¶h ‘V A{YJ‘ Ho$ {M•m| Ho$ Ad~moY na ~b XoVm h¡& ¶o
{M• H$s Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© H$aVo h¢& CÔoí¶m| H$mo àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE amñVm|,
{d{Y¶m| Am{X H$m kmZ XoVm h¡& ì¶p³V O~ {H$gr ^r {H«$¶m H$m A{YJ‘ H$aVm
h¡, Vmo g~go nhbo dh g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ hoVw AZoH$ VÎd EH$Ì H$aVm h¡&
BZ VÎdm| Ho$ AZwê$n h‘ à{V{H«$¶m H$aVo h¢& A{YJ‘ H$m AW© {d[^ÝZ CÔrnZ
Ho$ gå~ÝYm| H$mo nhMmZZm h¡& ì¶p³V H$s à{V{H«$¶m H$m AmYma AmemAm| Ed§
CÔoí¶m| H$m à˶jrH$aU h¡&
6.15.1 gmBZ-J¡ñQ>mëQ> {gÕmÝV H$s {deofVmE±
1. ¶h {gÕmÝV g§kmZmË‘H$ aMZm na ~b XoVm h¡& Bg‘| {M• Amem
VWm bú¶m| H$m {Zdoe hmoVm h¡&
2. ^m¡{VH$ {dkmZ ‘| J«m‘mUw H$m {deof ‘hÎd h¡& ¶hr AZwH$aU
‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| ^r {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
3. grIZo dmbm AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$m A{YJ‘ CÔrnZm| Ho$ à˶j kmZ Ho$
ê$n ‘| H$aVm h¡&
4. ì¶dhma H$m n[aUm‘ bú¶ H$s ny{V© hmoVm h¡&
6.15.2 gmBZ-J¡ñQ>mëQ> {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm
Q>m°b‘¡Z H$m ‘V {ejm ‘| H${Vn¶ YmaUmAm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aVm h¡& ¶Ú{n
AܶmnH$ g§kmZmË‘H$ aMZm, {M• Am{X eãXm| H$m à¶moJ Vmo Zht H$aVo, naÝVw
AܶmnZ Ho$ g‘j BgH$m ³¶m AW© h¡, ³¶m g‘Po Am{X dm³¶m| H$m à¶moJ
Q>m°b‘¡Z Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s nwpîQ> H$aVo h¢& Q>m°b‘¡Z Ho$ AZwgma, CZ bmoJm| H$m
ì¶dhma Omo A{YJ‘ àmá H$aVo h¢, J{V¶m| H$s Aݶ VpÝÌH$m ûm¥§Ibm àX{e©V
Zht H$aVm, ~pëH$ ¶h àX{e©V H$aVm h¡ {H$ ì¶dhma ‘| ~w{Õ H$m¶© H$aVr h¡&
1. AܶmnH$ H$mo Mm{hE {H$ dh N>mÌm| H$mo A{YJ‘ H$s OmZo dmbr {H«$¶m
Ho$ CÔoí¶ àm{á Ho$ gmYZ Am{X H$m ñnîQ>rH$aU H$a Xo&
2. ¶{X N>mÌm| Ho$ g‘j CÔoí¶ ñnîQ> h¡, Vmo do {H$gr {H«$¶m Ho$ A{YJ‘
‘| A{YH$ é{M b|Jo& AܶmnH$ H$mo Mm{hE {H$ dh H$jm Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$
Am¡a emar{aH$ ñVa VWm AmH$m§jmAm| H$m ܶmZ aIo&
6.16 ~y«Za H$m A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV
{n¶mOo Ho$ {dMmam| Ho$ AZwJm‘r VWm {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ àdV©H$ Ho$ ê$n
‘| Oo. Eg. ~y«Za H$m Zm‘ {deof ê$n go CëboIZr¶ h¡& ~y«Za Zo ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg
go gå~Õ ZdrZ gåà˶¶m| H$s CX²^mdZm H$s&
grIZo hoVw Bg nmR>-¶moOZm ‘| ~y«Za Ûmam {dH${gV à{V‘mZ (‘m°S>b)
1956 ‘| àñVwV {H$¶m J¶m Wm& BgH$m à¶moJ nmR>-¶moOZm gåàofU à˶¶-
{Zîn{Îm à{V‘mZ gyMZm àH$aU ‘| à‘wI òmoV Ho$ ê$n ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
AmJ‘Z VH©$ Ho$ {dH$mg hoVw ¶h à{V‘mZ {deof Cn¶moJr h¡& ~y«Za VWm Aݶ
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo AnZo emoYm| Ho$ Ûmam ¶h OmZZo H$m à¶ËZ {H$¶m {H$ ‘mZd
AnZo à˶¶m| H$s aMZm H¡$go H$aVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ AZwgma n¶m©daU ‘| dñVwAm|
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
Ho$ nañna gå~ÝYm| VWm gmÑí¶ H$mo {H$g àH$ma XoIVm h¡&
6.16.1 gåà˶¶
~y«Za Zo AnZo J«ÝW Towards Theory of Instruction ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV
gåà˶¶ àH$Q> {H$E h¢-
1. ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg
~y«Za Zo ~m¡{ÕH$ [dH$mg Ho$ {ZåZm§{H$V VrZ MaU ¶m AdñWmE± ~VbmB© h¢-
1. ì¶dñWmnH$s¶ AdñWm - Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ {~Zm ~mobo {H«$¶mE±
H$aVm h¡, O¡go- KwQ>Zm| Ho$ ~b MbZm, {H$gr dñVw H$mo nH$‹S>Zo hoVw
hmW-n¡a {hbmZm Am{X&
2. ‘yVm©dñWm - Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ‘yV© ê$n ‘| kmZ àmá H$aVm h¡&
dh ì¶dñWmnH$s¶ AdñWm ‘| à˶jrH$aU Ûmam {H«$¶mE± H$aVm h¡,
O~{H$ Bg AdñWm ‘| dh à˶jrH$aU Ûmam ‘yV© H$ënZm H$a AnZo
n¶m©daU H$m kmZ àmá H$aVm h¡&
3. àVrH$mË‘H$ AdñWm - Bg AdñWm ‘| ^mfm H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡
VWm ^mfm {M•m| d g§Ho$Vm| Ho$ Ûmam CZH$m gå~ÝY dñVwAm| d {dMmam|
go Omo‹S>m OmVm h¡& ¶h ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg H$s ApÝV‘ ¶m CÀMV‘
AdñWm h¡, {Og‘| ~mbH$ AnZo AZw^dm| H$mo ^mfm go gå~Õ H$aVm
h¡& Bg àH$ma ~y«Za Zo ~mbH$ Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg Ho$ nyd© ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
{gÕmÝVm| H$s ZB© ì¶m»¶m H$a CÝh| ñnîQ> {H$¶m, {Oggo {ejm-joÌ
‘| {ejU-A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m H$mo à^mdr ~ZmZo ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘br h¡&
2. ImoOnyU© A{YJ‘
~y«Za Zo Xÿgam gåà˶¶ ImoOnyU© A{YJ‘ H$m {X¶m, {OgHo$ AZwgma {eúmm ‘|
AÝdofU {d{Y H$m ‘hÎd ñnîQ> {H$¶m J¶m& ~y«Za Zo ~Vbm¶m {H$ AÝdofU ¶m
ImoO {d{Y go ~mbH$ ‘| g¥OZerbVm H$s d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡ VWm CgH$s ñ‘¥{V,
{MÝVZ d {ZU©¶ ep³V H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
3. gåà˶¶ {Z‘m©U
gåà˶¶ {Z‘m©U H$m {dH$mgdmXr ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| gdm©{YH$ ‘hÎd h¡& ~y«Za Zo
~Vbm¶m {H$ gåà˶¶ {Z‘m©U e¡edmdñWm go hr Amaå^ hmo OmVm h¡ VWm Yrao-
Yrao gåà˶¶m| Ho$ g§JR>Z ‘| gm‘§Oñ¶ CËnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡& gåà˶¶m| go hr
g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& {ejm ‘| BZH$m {deof ‘hÎd h¡&
4. ^mfm {dH$mg
~y«Za Zo ~mbH$ Ho$ ^mfm-{dH$mg gå~ÝYr gåà˶¶ H$mo ñnîQ> {H$¶m& ^mfm H$m
{dH$mg àVrH$mË‘H$ ê$n ‘| hmoVm h¡& ^mfm {dMmam| H$mo gwJ‘ ~Zm XoVr h¡& ^mfm
{dH$mg na gm§ñH¥${VH$aU H$m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& ^mfm go ~mbH$ Ho$ {dMmam| H$m
‘m¡{IH$sH$aU hmoVm h¡& {ejm ‘| BZ {dMmam| H$m gXþn¶moJ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
5. ‘yb A{YJ‘
‘yb A{YJ‘ H$m AW© ZdrZ gåà˶¶ Ed§ VH©$ dm³¶m| H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡& BZHo$
kmZ H$s gdm}Îm‘ {d{Y AÝdofU {d{Y h¡&
Cnamo³V {dMmam| go ~y«Za Zo {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m
VWm {ejm-joÌ ‘| ZdrZ gåà˶¶m| Ho$ AZwà¶moJ H$m ‘mJ© Imobm& ~m¡{ÕH$
{dH$mg H$s AdñWmE± ñnîQ> H$a {ejU ‘| CZH$m ‘hÎd ~Vbm¶m& gåà˶¶
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV n¥îR> 99

{Z‘m©U ‘| ImoOnyU© A{YJ‘ VWm ^mfm {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo g‘Pm H$a
{ejU H$mo à^mdr ~ZmZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m& ~y«Za Zo BZ {dMmam| go {ejH$
Aä¶mgmW© àíZ
{ejU-A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m H$mo à^mdnyU© d gwJ‘ ~ZmZo ‘| ghm¶Vm H$s VWm
g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg hoVw ZdrZ à¶moJm| H$s àoaUm Xr&
1. à{V{H«$¶m H$m {dbmon hmoZm {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gHo$ ~mX A{YH$
6.16.2 ~y«Za Ho$ {ejU {gÕmÝV H$s {deofVmE± H${R>Z h¡?
1. A{YJ‘ AmYm[aV - {ejU H$m gX¡d A{YJ‘ AmYm[aV hmoZm& (1) Am§{eH$ nwZ~©bZ (2) {ZaÝVa nwZ~©bZ
2. kmZ H$s g§aMZm - kmZ AWdm {df¶dñVw H$m {Z¶moOZ A{YJ‘ H$mo (3) XÊS> (4) ‘m¡{IH$ ^Ëg©Zm
gab ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmE&
3. VmaVå¶Vm - {df¶dñVw VWm A{YJ‘ AZw^dm| ‘| H«$‘~ÕVm hmo& 2. grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm g~go Á¶mXm ‘hÎdnyU© h¡?
(1) ~ÀMo H$s AmZwd§{eH$Vm (2) grIZo H$s e¡br

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4. nwZ~©bZ - nwañH$ma, XÊS> Am{X go {ejU ‘| nwZ~©bZ {H$¶m Om¶o&
(3) ~ÀMm| H$m narjm n[aUm‘ (4) ~ÀMo H$s Am{W©H$ {ñW{V
6.16.3 ~y«Za Ho$ {ejU {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm 3. nwZ~©bZ H$m {gÕmÝV ........... go gå~pÝYV h¡&
1. {ejU {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ H$maU {ejm H$m Am¶moOZ H$jm-H$j ‘| ~mbH$m| (1) nmdbm°d (2) Wm°Z©S>mBH$
H$s Am¶w Ed§ kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$ AmYma na {H$¶m OmZo bJm& (3) H$moh²b~J© (4) {ñH$Za
2. ~mbH$m| H$mo H$jm-H$j ‘| {X¶m OmZo dmbm kmZ nyd© A{YJ‘ na
AmYm[aV hmoZm Mm{hE& 4. grIZo H$m dh {gÕmÝV Omo nyU© ê$n go Am¡a Ho$db AdbmoH$Zr¶
3. ~mbH$ {gÕmÝV H$m AZwgaU H$aVm h¡& AV… ~mbH$ H$mo g{H«$¶ ì¶dhma na AmYm[aV h¡, grIZo Ho$ ........... {gÕmÝV go gå~Õ h¡&
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aIZm Mm{hE, g{H«$¶Vm go ~mbH$ OëXr grIVm h¡& (1) {dH$mgdmXr (2) ì¶dhmadmXr
4. ~mbH$ dñVwAm| H$m àVrH$m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| AdbmoH$Z H$a grIVm h¡& (3) aMZmdmXr (4) g§kmZdmXr
5. ~y«Za Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ûmam kmZ H$s g§aMZm na ~b {X¶m&
5. grIZo Ho$ AÝVÑ©pîQ> {gÕmÝV H$mo {H$gZo ~‹T>mdm {X¶m?
6. nmR²>¶H«$‘ {Z‘m©U Ed§ VmaVå¶Vm&
(1) JoñQ>mëQ> {gÕmÝVdmXr (2) ì¶dhmadmXr
7. nwZ~©bZ H$m A{YJ‘ ‘hÎd ~y«Za H$s XoZ h¡& (3) aMZmdmXr (4) g§kmZdmXr
8. {ejm ‘| AZwImoO A{YJ‘ H$m à{VnmXZ ~y«Za Ûmam {H$¶m J¶m&
9. ‘mZ{gH$ ñVa Ho$ AZwHy$b ZdrZ {ejU H$m¡ebm| H$m {dH$mg H$aZm 6. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm grIZo H$m joÌ h¡?
Mm{hE& (1) ì¶mdgm{¶H$ (2) AmZw^{dH$
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10. {ejm joÌ ‘| AZw^dm| Ho$ AmYma na hr Aä¶mg H$admZm Mm{hE& (3) ^mdmË‘H$ (4) AmܶmpË‘H$
11. ~y«Za Ho$ {ejU {gÕmÝV Zo ~mb-‘Zmo{dkmZ ¶m ~mb-{dH$mg H$mo
ZB© {Xem àXmZ H$s 7. gyP H«${‘H$ VWm H«$‘~Õ hmoVr h¡& ¶h {H$gZo H$hm h¡?
(1) H$mohba Zo (2) dXu‘a Zo
**************
(3) H$moâH$m Zo (4) S>§H$a Zo
AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AܶmnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB© H$a
aho h¢ Vmo Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr H$jm 8. Amhm AZw^d grIZo Ho$ {H$g {gÕmÝV go gå~{ÝYV h¡?
Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm h¡ Vmo (1) à¶ËZ Ed§ ^yb {gÕmÝV go
H¥$n¶m H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|& (2) gyP {gÕmÝV go
UPTET - 95301 43210 (3) àdV©Z AZwHy$bZ {gÕmÝV go
MP Samvida - 95302 43210 (4) AZwHy$bZ {gÕmÝV go ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
BTET - 95302 43210 nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
UTET - 72209 29294 9. à^md àgma H$m gå~ÝY h¡- h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
JTET - 72209 29239 (1) gyP {gÕmÝV go www.praganya.org
HTET - 72209 29266 (2) à¶ËZ VWm ^yb {gÕmÝV go na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
CGTET - 72209 28969
(3) ³bm{gH$s AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV go
HPTET - 72209 28535
(4) àdV©Z AZwHy$bZ {gÕmÝV go

AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$ nong©,
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
‘m°S>b nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go ‘mJ©Xe©Z
(1) (2) (4) (2) (2) (2) (4) (2) (2)
{H$¶m OmEJm, Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm àmá H$a gH|$&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 100 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
10. A{YJ‘ Ho$ g§H$bH$ (Eclectic) {gÕmÝV H$o à{VnmXH$ Wo- 18. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| H$m¡Zgm ^ybZo H$m {gÕmÝV h¡?
(1) J¡½Zo (2) Q>m°b‘¡Z (1) à{VñnYm©Ë‘H$ AdamoY (2) àVrnH$mar AdamoY
(3) {ñH$Za (4) hm°b (3) à{V~mo{YV AdamoY (4) à{VÀN>m{¶V AdamoY

11. O~ nyd© H$m A{YJ‘ ZB© pñW{V¶m| Ho$ grIZo H$mo {~ëHw$b à^m{dV Zht 19. dmQ>gZ VWm aoZa Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| AZw~pÝYV AZw{H«$¶m H$m¡Zgr Wr?
H$aVm, Vmo ¶h ........... H$hbmVm h¡& (1) CObm Myhm (2) S>a
(1) A{YJ‘ H$m eyݶ ñWmZmÝVaU (3) AmdmO (4) CObm amoE±Xma H$moQ>
(2) A{YJ‘ H$m {Zanoj ñWmZmÝVaU
(3) A{YJ‘ H$m gH$mamË‘H$ ñWmZmÝVaU 20. {H$g ‘Zmd¡km{ZH$ Zo A춳V A{YJ‘ H$m à˶¶ {X¶m?
(4) A{YJ‘ H$m ZH$mamË‘H$ ñWmZmÝVaU (1) Q>m°b‘¡Z (2) bo{dZ
(3) d¡ÊSw>am (4) {ñH$Za
12. ì¶dhma H$m H$aZm nj ........... ‘| AmVm h¡&
(1) grIZo Ho$ J{VH$ (H$moZo{Q>d) joÌ 21. {M•/g§Ho$V A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV {H$ggo gå~{ÝYV h¡?
(2) grIZo Ho$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ joÌ (1) g§kmZmË‘H$Vm (2) ì¶dhmadmX
(3) grIZo Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ joÌ (3) g§kmZmË‘H$ nyU©H$ma (4) àH$m¶©dmX
(4) grIZo Ho$ ^mdmË‘H$ joÌ 22. A{YJ‘ H$m Vbê$n {gÕmÝV {X¶m-
13. grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| ñH¡$’$mopëS>¨J ........... H$s Amoa g§Ho$V (1) Q>m°b‘¡Z Zo (2) bo{dZ Zo
(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (4) dmQ>gZ Zo
H$aVm h¡&
(1) AZwê${nV {ejH$ 23. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h Xem©Vm h¡ {H$ Amno{jV ì¶dhma
(2) nyd© A{YJ‘ H$s nwZamd¥{Îm
Ho$ g{ÝZH$Q> gH$mamË‘H$ à{V{H«$¶m VWm nwZ~©bZ Ho$ ’$bñdê$n
(3) grIZo ‘| d¶ñH$m| Ûmam AñWmB© gh¶moJ
ì¶dhmamË‘H$ {dH$mg {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡?
(4) {dÚm{W©¶m| Ûmam H$s JB© Jb{V¶m| Ho$ H$maUm| H$m nVm bJmZm
(1) emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ (2) dmÚ AZw~ÝYZ
14. nmdbm°d Ûmam Hw$Îmo na {H$E JE à¶moJ ‘| Añdm^m{dH$ CÔrnH$ (3) Am°naoÝQ> AZw~ÝYZ (4) gm‘m{OH$ AZw~ÝYZ
{ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go H$m¡Z Wm? 24. àmMrZ AZw~ÝYZ H$mo .......... ^r H$hm OmVm h¡&
(1) KÊQ>r H$s AmdmO (2) ^moOZ (1) Z¡{‘{ÎmH$ AZw~ÝYZ (2) {H«$¶m-àgyV AZw~ÝYZ
(3) bma òmd H$aZm (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) nmdbm°{d¶Z AZw~ÝYZ (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
15. nmdbm°d Ûmam Hw$Îmo na {H$¶o JE à¶moJ ‘| AZw~pÝYV CÔrnH$ H$m¡Z Wm? 25. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZw~ÝYZ H$m {gÕmÝV {H$gH$s XoZ ‘mZm OmVm h¡?
(1) KÊQ>r H$s AmdmO (1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ (2) nmdbm°d
(2) bma òmd H$aZm (3) {ñH$Za (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(3) ^moOZ
(4) ñd¶§ nmdbm°d 26. S-R gå~ÝY nmE OmVo h¢- ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
(1) naånamJV g‘m¶moOZ ‘| h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
16. nmdbm°d Ho$ AZw~ÝYZ à¶moJ ‘|- (2) {H«$¶merb g‘m¶moOZ ‘| àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(1) nhbo ^moOZMyU©, BgHo$ ~mX Üd{Z CnpñWV H$s J¶r Wr& www.praganya.org
(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {gÕmÝV ‘| na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
(2) nhbo Üd{Z, VËníMmV ^moOZMyU© àñVwV {H$¶m J¶m Wm& (4) BZ g^r ‘| S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
(3) ^moOZ Ed§ Üd{Z XmoZm| gmW-gmW àñVwV {H$¶o J¶o Wo&
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘o§ go H$moB© Zht 27. R-R VWm R-S gå~ÝY XmoZm| hr {dÚ‘mZ hmoVo h¢-
(1) naånamJV g‘m¶moOZ ‘|
17. nmdbm°d Zo grIZo Ho$ AZw~ÝY-à{V{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ (2) {H«$¶merb g‘m¶moOZ ‘|
........... na à¶moJ H$aHo$ {H$¶m Wm& (3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {gÕmÝV ‘|
(1) IaJmoe (2) Myho (4) BZ g^r ‘|
(3) Hw$Îmo (4) {~ëbr

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.
(1) (1) (3) (3) (2) (1) (2) (2) (2) (2) (1) (3) (2) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV n¥îR> 101

28. S àH$ma H$m AZw~ÝYZ ³¶m hmoVm h¡? 36. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g {ejm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo A{^àoaU Ed§ A{YJ‘
(1) naånamJV AZw~ÝYZ Ho$ ~rM gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$aVo hþE ¶h H$hm {H$ A{^àoaU go CËnÝZ
(2) {H«$¶merb AZw~ÝYZ {H«$¶merbVm hr grIZo Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm¶r h¡?
(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$m {gÕmÝV (1) H$mohba Zo (2) {ñH$Za Zo
(4) ¶o g^r (3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (4) dwS>dW© Zo
29. AZw~ÝYZ à¶moJ ‘| Ho$db AZw~pÝYV CÔrnH$ (Üd{Z) Ho$ CnpñWV 37. grIZo Ho$ CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV Ho$ ‘w»¶ à{VnmXH$ H$m¡Z h¢?
H$aZo na hmoZo dmbr AZw{H«$¶m H$mo ³¶m H$hVo h¢? (1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ (2) nmdbm°d
(1) AZmZw~pÝYV AZw{H«$¶m (2) AZw~pÝYV AZw{H«$¶m (3) H$mohba (4) {ñH$Za
(3) Aì¶ñV AZw{H«$¶m (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘§o go H$moB© Zht
38. grIZo H$s Ag’$bVmAm| H$m H$maU, g‘PZo H$s Ag’$bVmE± h¢& ¶h

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30. nånamJV AZw~ÝYZ H$m {gÕmÝV {ZåZ ‘| go {H$gZo à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m Wm? H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡? ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
(1) nmdbm°d Zo (2) {ñH$Za Zo (1) nmdbm°d H$m nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (4) BZ g^r Zo h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
(2) {ñH$Za H$m àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(3) ‘g}b H$m www.praganya.org
31. H$m¶m©Ë‘H$ AZw~ÝYZ Ho$ à{VnmXH$ Wo- na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
(4) dwS>dW© H$m S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
(1) nmdbm°d (2) {ñH$Za
(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ (4) BZ g^r Ho$ 39. O~ {H$gr {H«$¶m H$mo ~ma-~ma Xmoham¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo Añdm^m{dH$
CÔrnH$ ^r dhr à{V{H«$¶m XoZo bJVm h¡ Omo ñdm^m{dH$ CÔrnH$ XoVm
32. A{YJ‘ Ho$ à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma, grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m
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h¡& ¶h A{YJ‘ H$m {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV h¡?

‘| ì¶{³V Jb{V¶m± H$a gH$Vm h¡, {H$ÝVw ~ma-~ma {H$E JE à¶mgm|
(1) AÝVÑ©pîQ> {gÕmÝV
Ho$ ~mX dh grIZo ‘| g’$b hmo OmVm h¡& Bg {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ (2) emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV
{H$gZo {H$¶m? (3) AZwH$aU H$m {gÕmÝV
(1) nmdbm°d Zo (2) Q>m°b‘¡Z Zo (4) AZw^dOݶ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV
(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (4) H$moh²b~J© Zo
40. A{YJ‘ Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ejmempñ̶m| Ed§ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo {d{dY àH$ma
33. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go A{YJ‘ ‘| H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h ~VmVm h¡ {H$ Hw$N> H$s n[a^mfmE± Xr h¢& BZ n[a^mfmAm| Ho$ AZwgma A{YJ‘ ..........
n‹T>m¶m OmE AWdm Hw$N> grIZo Ho$ {bE H$hm OmE, Vmo Cgo AnZo g‘J« MbZo dmbr EH$ {ZaÝVa à{H«$¶m h¡&
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ê$n ‘| hr ~ÀMm| Ho$ gm‘Zo àñVwV {H$¶m OmE? (1) OrdZ n¶©ÝV (2) {H$emoamdñWm VH$
(1) AÝVÑ©pîQ> ¶m gyP H$m {gÕmÝV (3) d¥ÕmdñWm VH$ (4) ¶wdmdñWm VH$
(2) g{H«$¶ AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV
(3) AZwH$aU {gÕmÝV 41. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo dm§{N>V
(4) à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {gÕmÝV ñdê$n VWm {Xem àXmZ H$aZo ‘| {ejH$m| H$s ghm¶Vm H$aVm h¡?
(1) AÝVÑ©pîQ> {gÕmÝV
34. grIZm {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m h¡& ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡? (2) à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> H$m {gÕmÝV
(1) JoQ²>g H$m (2) dwS>dW H$m
(3) AZwH$aU {gÕmÝV
(3) {ñH$Za H$m (4) H$mohba H$m
(4) AZw^dOݶ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV
35. A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ EH$ MaU Ho$ ê$n ‘| N>mÌm| H$s Ìw{Q>¶m| H$m nVm 42. A{YJ‘ H$m H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h ~VmVm h¡ {H$ grIZo hoVw H$m¶© H$mo
bJmZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$mo {ZåZ{b[IV ‘| {H$gH$s OmZH$mar gdm©{YH$ XmohamZm Amdí¶H$ h¡?
Amdí¶H$ h¡? (1) à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> H$m {gÕmÝV
(1) A{YJ‘ H$s d¡H$pënH$ AdYmaUmE± (2) emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ H$m {gÕmÝV
(2) A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$ (3) AZw^dOݶ A{YJ‘ H$m {gÕmÝV
(3) A{YJ‘H$Vm© H$s gm‘m{OH$-Am{W©H$ {ñW{V (4) AZwH$aU H$m {gÕmÝV
(4) Cnamo³V g^r

28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.
(2) (2) (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (2) (2) (1) (3) (2) (1) (2) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 102 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV àJʶ
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43. A{YJ‘ Ho$ {H$g {gÕmÝV Ho$ AmYma na ~mbH$ ‘| ^¶, ào‘ Ed§ K¥Um 51. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm CXmhaU A{YJ‘ H$mo àX{e©V H$aVm h¡?
Ho$ ^md AmgmZr go CËnÝZ {H$E Om gH$Vo h¢? (1) hmW Omo‹S>H$a AܶmnH$ H$m A{^dmXZ H$aZm
(1) AZw^dOݶ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV (2) ñdm{XîQ> ^moOZ XoIH$a ‘w±h ‘| bma H$m AmZm
(2) AÝVÑ©pîQ> {gÕmÝV (3) M‹T>Zm, ^mJZm Ed§ ’|$H$Zm, VrZ go nm±M df© H$s AdñWm ‘|
(3) emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV (4) BZ‘| go g^r
(4) à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> H$m {gÕmÝV
52. AÝVÑ©pîQ> AWm©V² gyP Ho$ Ûmam grIZo H$m {gÕmÝV J¡ñQ>mëQ>dmXr
44. {H$gr CÔrnZ Ho$ {ZaÝVa {XE OmZo go ì¶dhma ‘| hmoZo dmbm AñWm¶r ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$s XoZ h¡& ¶h {gÕmÝV {H$gHo$ {bE gdm©{YH$ Cn¶moJr
n[adV©Z H$hbmVm h¡- h¡?
(1) Aä¶ñVVm (2) A{YJ‘ (1) ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE (2) Vrd«~w{Õ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE
(3) AñWm¶r A{YJ‘ (4) A{^àoaUm (3) nmJbm| Ho$ {bE (4) AZn‹T>m| Ho$ {bE

45. ì¶dhma ‘| hmoZo dmbo ñWm¶r n[adV©Z, Omo Aä¶mg Ho$ H$maU hmoVo h¢, 53. A{YJ‘ H$m H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ho$ {d{^ÝZ A§Jm| Ho$ EH$sH$aÊm
H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡- na Omoa XoVm h¡?
(1) grIZm (2) gmoMZm (1) CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV
(3) {H«$¶m H$aZm (4) H$ënZm H$aZm (2) gå~ÝY-AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV
(3) J¡ñQ>mëQ> {gÕmÝV
46. J¡½Zo {ZåZ ‘| go {H$ggo gå~pÝYV h¡? (4) Cnamo³V g^r
(1) A{YJ‘ H$m loUrH«$‘ (2) A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
(3) A{YJ‘ H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z (4) A{YJ‘ H$m à~ÝYZ 54. AÝVÑ©pîQ> Ûmam A{YJ‘ H$m à{VnmXZ {H$¶m J¶m-
(1) J¡ñQ>mëQ> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ûmam (2) OrZ {n¶mOo Ûmam
47. Am§{eH$ nwZ~©bZ- (3) nmdbm°d Ûmam (4) dmBJmoËñH$s Ûmam
(1) gVV² nwZ~©bZ H$s Anojm A{YH$ à^mdr hmoVm h¡&
(2) gVV² nwZ~©bZ H$s Anojm H$‘ à^mdr hmoVm h¡& 55. ^yb Am¡a à¶mg Ûmam A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ {ZåZ ‘| go
(3) dmñV{dH$ H$jm H$j ‘| AZwà¶w³V Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm& {H$gZo {H$¶m Wm?
(4) newAm| H$mo à{e{jV H$aZo ‘| gdm©{YH$ H$m¶© H$aVm h¡& (1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (2) h|JmQ>r Zo
(3) H$mohba Zo (4) {n¶mOo Zo
48. A{^àoaUm Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ AZwgma, EH$ {ejH$ .......... Ho$ Ûmam
grIZo H$mo g§d{Õ©V H$a gH$Vm h¡& 56. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo A{YJ‘ H$m AZw~{ÝYV
(1) {dÚm{W©¶m| go dmñV{dH$ AnojmE± aIZo AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ {H$¶m?
(2) AnojmAm| H$m EH$ê$n ñVa aIZo (1) nmdbm°d Zo (2) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo
(3) {dÚm{W©¶m| go {H$gr àH$ma H$s AnojmE± Z aIZo (3) bm°¶S> ‘m°J©Z Zo (4) Ebo³OoÊS>a Zo
(4) {dÚm{W©¶m| go ~hþV CÀM AnojmE± aIZo
57. JoñQ>mëQ>dm{X¶m| Ho$ AZwgma AÝVÑ©pîQ> H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¡-
49. EH$ {dÚmWu JwUZ Ho$ gdmbm| H$mo hb H$aZm grIVm h¡& dh AnZo Omo‹S> (1) ~w{Õ
Ho$ nyd© kmZ H$m à¶moJ H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ A{YJ‘ AÝVaU H$mo (2) g‘ñ¶m H$s aMZm
³¶m H$hm OmVm h¡? (3) à˶jrH$aU
(1) YZmË‘H$ AÝVaU (2) j¡{VO AÝVaU (4) C³V g^r
(3) D$Üd© AÝVaU (4) {Ûnmpíd©H$ AÝVaU
58. H$mohba Zo AnZm A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV à{Vnm{XV H$aZo Ho$ {bE à¶moJ
50. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgr {deofVm n[an³dVm H$mo A{YJ‘ go AbJ H$aVr h¡? {H$¶m-
(1) ¶h EH$ ñdm^m{dH$ à{H«$¶m h¡& (1) Ab~Q>© Zm‘H$ ~ÝXa na
(2) ¶h Aä¶mg na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡& (2) Ab~Q>© Zm‘H$ {Mån¢Or na
(3) ¶h àoaH$m| na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡& (3) gwëVmZ Zm‘H$ ~ÝXa na
(4) ¶h OrdZ n¶©ÝV MbZo dmbr à{H«$¶m h¡& (4) gwëVmZ Zm‘H$ {Mån¢Or na

43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.
(3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (3) (2) (4) (2) (3) (1) (1) (1) (4) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV n¥îR> 103

59. N>… dZ‘mZwf d Ho$bm| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m Wm- 70. EH$ ~mbH$ Zo EH$ Hw$Îmo H$mo S>ÊS>o go ‘maH$a ^Jm {X¶m& A~ O~ ^r
(1) H$mohba Zo (2) {ñH$Za Zo Hw$Îmm ~mbH$ H$mo XoIVm h¡, Vmo VwaÝV ^mJ OmVm h¡& Hw$Îmo H$s ¶h grIZo
(3) JwS> Zo (4) S>o{dg Zo H$s {H«$¶m {H$g àH$ma H$s h¡?
(1) AZwH$aU àd¥{Îm Ûmam grIZm
60. gyP dmñV{dH$ pñW{V H$m AmH$pñ‘H$, {ZpíMV Am¡a VmËH$m{bH$ kmZ (2) gå~Õ ghO {H«$¶m Ûmam grIZm
h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡- (3) gyP Ûmam grIZm
(1) H$mohba H$m (2) pñH$Za H$m (4) à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> Ûmam grIZm
(3) JwS> H$m (4) S>o{dg H$m
71. ì¶dhma ‘| CÎmamoÎma AZwHy$bZ H$s à{H«$¶m hr A{YJ‘ h¡& ¶h {H$gZo
61. {H$gr AmJÝVwH$ Ho$ AmZo na XadmμOm ImobZo Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo Amn ³¶m H$hm?
H$h§oJo? (1) dwS>dW© Zo (2) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo

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(1) {H«$¶mË‘H$ ì¶dhma (2) Am°naoÝQ> ì¶dhma (3) B©. E. nrb Zo (4) {ñH$Za Zo
(3) à{V{H«$¶mË‘H$ ì¶dhma (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
72. ~mbH$m| ‘| A{YJ‘ gå~ÝYr ¶mo½¶mVmAm| H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡-
62. JoñQ>mëQ>dm{X¶m| Zo n[apñW{V Ho$ ghr à˶jrH$aU H$mo ³¶m H$hm h¡? (1) AmË‘m{^ì¶p³V go
(1) àm˶{jH$ ñW¶© (2) àm˶{jH$ gwajm (2) aMZmË‘H$ {H«$¶mH$bmnm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go
(3) AÝVÑ©pîQ> (4) àm˶{jH$ gVH©$Vm (3) AmË‘ ‘§WZ go
(4) gh¶moJmË‘H$ H$m¶m] go
63. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Wo-
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(1) {~«Q>oZ Ho$ (2) A‘o[aH$m Ho$ 73. n¶©dojU A{YJ‘ BZ‘| go {H$gH$s XoZ h¡?
(3) ^maV Ho$ (4) ê$g Ho$ (1) {ñH$Za (2) dmQ>gZ
(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ (4) d¡ÊSw>am
64. {ñH$Za Zo Z¡{‘{ÎmH$ AZw~ÝYZ gå~ÝYr à¶moJ {H$g na {H$¶m Wm?
(1) {~ëbr na (2) Myho na 74. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g A{YJ‘ àUmbr ‘| ‘mZd ‘pñVîH$ H$m g~go
(3) Hw$Îmo na (4) ~ÝXa na
A{YH$ à¶moJ hmoVm h¡?
65. Z¡{‘{ÎmH$ AZw~ÝYZ H$mo Aݶ {H$g Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡? (1) AZwH$aU (2) AZw~ÝYZ
(1) emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ (2) nmdbm°{d¶Z AZw~ÝYZ (3) à¶ËZ Am¡a ^yb (4) AÝVÑ©pîQ>
(3) àmMrZ AZw~ÝYZ (4) {H«$¶m-àgyV AZw~ÝYZ
75. EH$ pñW{V ‘| A{YJ‘ Ho$ Xÿgar pñW{V Ho$ A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo
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66. {ZåZ{b{IV ¶w½‘m| ‘| go Ag˶ ¶w½‘ H$m¡Zgm h¡? H$m ³¶m Zm‘ h¡?
(1) {ñH$Za-Myhm (2) Wm°Z©S>mBH$-{~ëbr (1) à{ejU AÝVaU (2) gånmofU
(3) nmdbm°d-Hw$Îmm (4) H$mohba-H$~yVa (3) AZw~ÝYZ (4) AZwH$aU

67. Eogo ì¶dhma, Omo kmV Ed§ {ZpíMV CÔrnH$m| Ûmam hmoVo h¢, CÝh| H$hVo h¢- 76. Q>m°b‘¡Z Zo grIZo H$mo {H$Z XmoZm| Ho$ ~rM gmhM¶© ñWm{nV hmoZm ‘mZm
(1) K{Q>V ì¶dhma (2) à{VH¥$V ì¶dhma h¡?
(3) à˶j ì¶dhma (4) Aà˶j ì¶dhma (1) CÔrnH$-AZw{H«$¶m (2) AZw{H«$¶m-AZw{H«$¶m
(3) 1 d 2 XmoZm| (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘§o go H$moB© Zht
68. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| {~ëbr Ho$ {bE nwañH$ma ñdê$n Wm-
(1) CbPZ ~m°³g (2) à¶moJH$Vm© 77. AÝVÑ©pîQ> H¡$go hmoVr h¡?
(3) ^moOZ (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht (1) AmH${ñ‘H$ (2) Yrao-Yrao
(3) A{Z{íMV (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
69. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ à¶ËZ Ed§ Ìw{Q> {gÕmÝV ‘| {H$g na {deof ~b Zht
{X¶m J¶m h¡? 78. ³bm{gH$s AZw~ÝYZ H$m àdV©H$ H$m¡Z h¡?
(1) àoaUm (2) Aä¶mg (1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ (2) {ñH$Za
(3) g‘P (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘§o go H$moB© Zht (3) hb (4) nmdbm°d

59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78.
(1) (3) (2) (3) (2) (2) (4) (4) (2) (3) (3) (2) (4) (2) (4) (4) (1) (1) (1) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 104 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
79. A{YJ‘ H$m gåàofU hmoVm h¡, O~ g‘mZVm hmo- Hy$Q>- A B C D
(1) grIZo dmbm| ‘| (2) qbJm| ‘|
(1) 3 1 2 4
(3) C‘« dJ© ‘| (4) H$m¶m] ‘|
(2) 2 4 1 3
80. A{YJ‘ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| {ZåZ ‘§o go g~go ‘hÎdnyU© ³¶m h¡? (3) 4 1 2 3
(1) ì¶ñV {dÚmb¶ H$m¶©H«$‘ (2) A{YH$ nmR²>¶ nwñVH|$
(4) 1 4 3 2
(3) A{YJ‘ CËào[aV dmVmdaU (4) CËgwH$ ‘mVm-{nVm
88. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
81. S>rdr grIZo H$m AmYma {H$go ‘mZVo Wo?
1. CÔrnZ VWm nwZ~©bZ ñdVÝÌ Ma h¢&
(1) {H«$¶mAm| H$mo (2) AmË‘m H$mo
2. AZw{H«$¶m EH$ Am{lV Ma h¡&
(3) ~w{Õ H$mo (4) kmZopÝжm| H$mo
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
82. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$m‘ {ejU A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m ‘| g~go nhbo {H$¶m (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
OmVm h¡? (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
(1) CÔoí¶m| H$m {ZYm©aU (2) aUZr{V¶m| H$m M¶Z 89. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
(3) CÔoí¶ {bIZm (4) H$m¶© {díbofU
1. H$mohba Zo AÝVÑ©pîQ> Ûmam A{YJ‘ Ho$ joÌ ‘| AZoH$ à¶moJ {H$E&
83. JoñQ>mëQ> ñHy$b Am’$ gmBH$mobm°Or Ho$ àUoVm h¢- 2. H$mohba Ho$ à¶moJm| Zo ¶h {gÕ H$a {X¶m {H$ new ‘| AÝVÑ©pîQ> CËnÝZ
(1) H$mohba (2) {ñH$Za hmoZo go nyd© g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g^r A§Jmo| Ho$ ‘ܶ gå~ÝY ñnîQ> hmo OmVm h¡,
(3) noñQ>mbm°Or (4) dmQ>gZ V^r dh CZH$m nwZJ©R>Z H$a gH$Vm h¡&
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/ h¢?
84. h‘ H$aHo$ grIVo h¢& ¶h {H$gZo H$hm? (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(1) S>m°. ‘og Zo (2) ¶mo³‘ Zo (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
(3) H$mobog{ZH$ Zo$ (4) {gångZ Zo
90. hb H$m nwZ~©bZ {gÕmÝV à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m J¶m Wm?
85. g{H«$¶ AZw~ÝYZ AZw{H«$¶m H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV ê$n ‘| àñVwV {H$¶m (1) df© 1915 ‘| (2) df© 1916 ‘|
OmVm h¡- (3) df© 1917 ‘| (4) df© 1918 ‘|
(1) CÔrnZ " AZw{H«$¶m " nwZ~©bZ
(2) CÔrnZ " nwZ~©bZ " AZw{H«$¶m
91. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
1. AÝVÑ©pîQ> {gÕmÝV Ho$ g‘W©H$ ‘w»¶ ê$n go O‘©Zr Ho$ JoñQ>mëddmXr
(3) AZw{H«$¶m " CÔrnZ " nwZ~©bZ
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ h¢&
(4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
2. AÝVÑ©pîQ> Ûmam A{YJ‘ H$s {dMmaYmam Ho$ d¡km{ZH$m| H$m {dMma h¡ {H$
86. A{YJ‘ H$m gmB‘Z-JoñQ>mëQ> {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ {H$¶m h¡- ì¶p³V à¶ËZ Am¡a ^yb Ûmam Zht grIVm&
(1) am°~Q>© J¡½Zo Zo (2) Q>m°b‘¡Z Zo Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(3) dmQ>gZ Zo (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
87. gw‘o{bV H$s{OE-
gyMr I gyMr II 92. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
1. AÝVÑ©pîQ> Ûmam A{YJ‘ H$s {d{Y Ûmam grIZo ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ à¶mg {H$¶m
A. ~w{Õ 1. AÝVÑ©pîQ> H$m gå~ÝY àmUr H$s OmVm h¡&
~w{Õ go hmoVm h¡& 2. AÝVÑ©pîQ> Ûmam A{YJ‘ H$s {d{Y Ûmam ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ A{V[a³V new ^r grI
B. AZw^d 2. ^yb ‘| à¶ËZ Adí¶ hmoVm h¡& gH$Vo h¢&
C. à˶jrH$aU 3. g‘ñ¶m H$m nyU©ê$noU à˶jrH$aU Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
D. à¶mg VWm Ìw{Q> 4. AÝVÑ©pîQ> Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ‘hÎdnyU©
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
^y{‘H$m

79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92.
(3) (3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (2) (4) (3) (3) (1) (3) (1)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
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 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV n¥îR> 105

93. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- 99. {ZåZ H$WZm| ‘| go H$m¡Zgm A{YJ‘ H$m gyÌ Zht h¡?
1. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ AZwgma {Og H$m¶© H$mo H$aZo go ì¶p³V H$mo gÝVmof {‘bVm (1) gab go H${R>Z H$s Amoa
h¡, Cgo dh ~ma-~ma H$aVm h¡& (2) {d{eîQ> go gm‘mݶ H$s Amoa
2. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ AZwgma O~ EH$ pñW{V Am¡a AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ ‘ܶ EH$ (3) ‘yV© go A‘yV© H$s Amoa
n[adV©Zr¶ g§¶moJ ~ZVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ gmW hr ¶m CgHo$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n (4) kmV go AkmV H$s Amoa
gÝVmofOZH$ AdñWm n¡Xm hmoVr h¡, Vmo Cg g§¶moJ H$s e{³V ~‹T> OmVr
h¡& 100. {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| nmE OmZo dmbr A{YJ‘ e¡{b¶m| ‘| {^ÝZVm H$m H$maU
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? hmo gH$Vm h¡-
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 (1) {dÚmWu Ho$ g‘mOrH$aU H$s à{H«$¶m
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2 (2) {dÚmWu Ûmam AnZmB© OmZo dmbr {MÝVZ H$s ¶wp³V¶m±
(3) n[adma H$m Am{W©H$ ñVa

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94. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- (4) ~mbH$ H$m nmbZ-nmofU
1. AZw~ÝYZ AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV ¶mpÝÌH$sH$aU na ~b XoVm h¡&
2. àm¡‹T> VWm n[an³d ‘Zwî¶ na Bg {gÕmÝV H$m à^md Zht n‹S>Vm& 101. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm nmdbm°{d¶Z AZw~ÝYZ ‘| Amdí¶H$ Zht
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘§o H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? h¡?
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 (1) à~bZ (2) gm‘r߶
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2 (3) AmZwf§{JH$Vm (4) CËg{O©V AZw{H«$¶m

95. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- 102. {ñH$Za Ho$ AZwgma ^mfm H$s Adm{ßV hmoVr h¡-
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1. AZw~ÝYZ AZw{H«$¶m Yrao-Yrao ñd^md ~Z OmVr h¡& ñd^md H$m OrdZ (1) AZwH$aU Ûmam
‘| ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡& (2) g§kmZmË‘H$ à{V{Z{YËd Ûmam
2. AZw~ÝYZ-AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV H$s ghm¶Vm go ~mbH$m§o ‘| AÀN>r (3) CÔrnH$-AZw{H«$¶m à{V‘mZ Ûmam
A{^d¥{Îm¶m± {dH${gV H$s Om gH$Vr h¢& (4) ³bm{gH$s AZw~ÝYZ Ûmam
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 103. H$moB© ^r àm¶mo{JH$ g§{H«$¶m, {Oggo {H$gr à{V{H«$¶m Ho$ K{Q>V hmoZo H$s
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2 gå^mì¶Vm ~‹T> OmVr h¡, H$mo ............ H$hVo h¢&
(1) à~bZ (2) g§Ho$V
96. grIZo ¶m A{YJ‘ eãX ‘| dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© (3) Amdí¶H$Vm (4) àUmoXZ
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Ho$ {bE ì¶dhma ‘| hmoZo dmbo g^r àH$ma Ho$ n[adV©Z g{å‘{bV h¢&
Cnamo³V H$WZ {H$ggo gå~pÝYV h¡? 104. CZ CÔrnZ Ho$ à{V, Omo AZw~pÝYV CÔrnZm| Ho$ g‘ê$n hmoVo h¢, {H$ÝVw
(1) qH$½gbo Ed§ J¡ar go (2) JmS>©Za ‘’$s© go H$^r CZHo$ gmW ¶wp½‘V Zht hþE, AZw~pÝYV AZw{H«$¶m XoZo H$s àd¥{Îm
(3) dmQ>gZ go (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht H$mo ........... H$hVo h¢&
(1) {d^oXZ (2) AZw{H«$¶m gm‘mݶrH$aU
97. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ nwZ~©bZ {gÕmÝV H$s {ejm ‘| (3) CÔrnZ gm‘mݶrH$aU (4) {d{H$aU
Cn¶moJ Ho$ AmVm h¡?
(1) Bg {gÕmÝV ‘| Bg ~mV na ~b {X¶m OmVm h¡ {H$ {d{^ÝZ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| 105. d¡ÊSw>am Ho$ àojUmË‘H$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm
~ÀMm| H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| na ܶmZ {X¶m OmE& EH$ KQ>H$ Zht h¢?
(2) g’$bVm àmßV H$aZo na ~mbH$m| H$mo nwañH$ma {X¶m OmE& (1) ñWmZmnÝZ nwZ~©bZ (2) à{V‘mZ
(3) H$jm ‘| n‹T>mB© OmZo dmbr dñVw Ho$ CÔoí¶ ñnîQ> hm|& (3) g§H$oV (4) àbmo^H$
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
106. {H«$¶m àgyV A{YJ‘ Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| AYmoàXÎm ‘| go H$m¡Z EH$ ~o‘ob
98. grIZm H$s n[a^mfm g~go AÀN>r ............ Ho$ AW© ‘| Xr OmVr h¡& nX h¡?
(1) ì¶dhma n[adV©Z (2) ì¶dhma n[adO©Z (1) {dñVmaU (2) g§M{¶V à{VdV©
(3) Cn¶w©³V XmoZm| (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) nwZ~©bZ AZwgyMr (4) àVrH$ {‘Vì¶{¶Vm

93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106.
(3) (3) (3) (2) (4) (3) (2) (1) (3) (4) (1) (3) (4) (1)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 106 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
107. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘o§ go H$m¡Z {H«$¶m àgyV AZw~ÝYZ Ho$ ‘yb ‘ÝVì¶ H$m 115. ^yb^wb¡¶m ‘| Myhm| na Q>m°b‘¡Z Ûmam {H$¶o J¶o à¶moJ H$m CÔoí¶ Aܶ¶Z
dU©Z H$aVm h¡? H$aZm Wm-
(1) Cn¶w³V n[a{ñW{V¶m| ‘| H$moB© àmUr H$moB© ^r AZw{H«$¶m H$aZm grI (1) {H«$¶m àgyV AZw~ÝYZ A{YJ‘ H$m
gH$Vm h¡& (2) à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> A{YJ‘ H$m
(2) àmUr CZ AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$mo {ZJ©V H$aZm grI boVo h¢, Omo CZHo$ {b¶o (3) A춳V A{YJ‘ H$m
A{YH$V‘ bm^H$maH$ hmo& (4) ³bm{gH$s AZw~ÝYZ A{YJ‘ H$m
(3) ì¶dhmam| H$m ê$nm§H$Z CZHo$ AnZo n[aUm‘m| Ûmam hmoVm h¡&
(4) ì¶{³V Ho$db V^r grIVo h¢, O~ do grIZm MmhVo h¢& 116. {Og {ejU-dH«$ ‘| Aä¶mg VWm grIZo H$s ‘mÌm Ho$ ~rM gå~ÝY
~Vbm¶m OmVm h¡, Cgo H$hm OmVm h¡-
108. {ñH$Za Ûmam à{Vnm{XV AZw~ÝYZ H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡- (1) CËnmXZ dH«$ (2) H$mb dH«$
(1) Q>mB©n-Eg AZw~ÝYZ (2) Q>mB©n-Ama AZw~ÝYZ (3) Ìw{Q> dH«$ (4) Eg-AmH$mar¶ dH«$
(3) Q>mB©n-~r AZw~ÝYZ (4) Q>mB©n-E AZw~ÝYZ
117. {Og {ejU-dH«$ go ¶h nVm Mbo {H$ {ejU H$s J{V àmaå^ ‘| Vrd«
109. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ûmam {H$¶o JE à¶moJm| ‘| nhobr ~m°³g H$m Cn¶moJ H$m’$s hmoVr h¡, naÝVw ~mX Ho$ à¶mgm| ‘| ‘ÝX hmo OmVr h¡, Cgo H$hm OmVm h¡-
{H$¶m J¶m Wm& {Og ~m°³g H$m Cn¶moJ grIZo Ho$ à¶moJm| ‘| H$m’$s (1) g‘mZ-{ZînmXZ dH«$
{H$¶m J¶m h¡, dh h¡- (2) dÕ©‘mZ {ZînmXZ dH«$
(1) H$~yVa ~m°³g (2) {ñH$Za ~m°³g (3) õmg-{ZînmXZ dH«$
(3) Ho$ba ~m°³g (4) BZ‘| go Hw$N> ^r Zht (4) Eg-AmH$mar¶ {ZînmXZ dH«$

110. hb Ûmam à{Vnm{XV {gÕmÝV {Z‘m©U H$s {d{Y H$mo ³¶m H$hm OmVm h¡? 118. {Og {ejU-dH«$ go ¶h nVm Mbo {H$ {ejU J{V àmaå^ Ho$ à¶mgm|
(1) H$mën{ZH$ {ZJ‘ZmË‘H$ {d{Y ‘§o Yr‘r h¡, naÝVw ~mX Ho$ à¶mgm| ‘| ~‹T> ahr h¡, Vmo Bg Vah Ho$ dH«$
(2) H$mën{ZH$ AmJ‘ZmË‘H$ {d{Y H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡- ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
(3) Vm{H©$H$ {d{Y (1) CËnmXZ dH«$ nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
(4) {M• grIZm {d{Y (2) Eg-AmH$mar¶ dH«$ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(3) dÕ©‘mZ {ZînmXZ dH«$ www.praganya.org
111. hb Ho$ Ûmam à{Vnm{XV grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV ‘| SHR H$mo ‘O~yV H$aZo (4) õmg {ZînmXZ dH«$
na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
Ho$ {bE Oê$aV n‹S>Vr h¡-
(1) nwZ~©bZ H$s (2) AÝVZm}X H$s 119. {ejU-dH«$ Ho$ {Og ^mJ go ¶h nVm MbVm h¡ {H$ Aä¶mg XoZo Ho$ ~mX
(3) àmoËgmhZ H$s (4) BZ‘| go {H$gr H$s ^r Zht ^r {ejU J{V ‘| n[adV©Z Zht hmoVm h¡, Cgo H$hm OmVm h¡-
(1) nR>ma (2) ‘ܶ ñ’w$aU
112. hb Ûmam à{Vnm{XV grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV, {OZH$m CÝhm|Zo 1952 B©. ‘| (3) A{ÝV‘ ñ’w$aU (4) àma{å^H$ ñ’w$aU
g§§emoYZ {H$¶m Wm, ‘|-
(1) Hw$b 17 A[^J¥hrV VWm 15 Cnà‘o¶ h¢& 120. {Og grIZo ‘| eara Ho$ {H«$¶mË‘H$ A§Jm| H$s ^y{‘H$m g§doXr A§Jm| go
(2) Hw$b 15 A{^J¥hrV VWm 17 Cnà‘o¶ h¢& VwbZmË‘H$ ê$n go A{YH$ hmoVr h¡, Cgo H$hm OmVm h¡-
(3) Hw$b 17 A{^J¥hrV Ed§ 133 Cnà‘o¶ h¢& (1) empãXH$ grIZm
(4) Hw$b 15 A{^J¥hrV Ed§ 133 Cnà‘o¶ h¢& (2) J˶mË‘H$ grIZm
(3) g§doXr-J˶mË‘H$ grIZm
113. grIZo Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ {H$¶m J¶m Wm- (4) BZ‘| go Hw$N> ^r Zht
(1) H$mohba Ûmam (2) Q>m°b‘¡Z Ûmam
(3) dXu‘a Ûmam (4) BZ‘| go {H$gr Ho$ Ûmam ^r Zht 121. H$mohba Ho$ ~m°³g gå~ÝYr g‘ñ¶m Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| dZ‘mZwf Ho$bo H$mo
Bg{bE àmßV H$a boVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$-
114. empãXH$ grIZo Ho$ à¶moJm| ‘| {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go {H$gH$m Cn¶moJ Zht
(1) dh ~m°³g na M‹T> J¶m Wm&
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡? (2) Cg‘| gyP {dH${gV hmo J¶r Wr&
(1) ^moOZ Ed§ nmZr H$m d§MZ (2) XÊS>
(3) dh ^yIm Wm&
(3) R>mog nwañH$ma (4) S>a
(4) dh Ho$bo H$mo H$m’$s ngÝX H$aVm Wm&
107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121.
(2) (2) (2) (1) (1) (3) (2) (1) (3) (4) (3) (3) (1) (3) (2)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
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122. {ejmWu Omo nhbo grI MwHo$ h¢, CgH$s nwZamd¥{Îm Am¡a à˶mñ‘aU ‘| H$‘ H$a Xr JB©& AÝV ‘| amOy H$s JmoX ‘| IaJmoe H$mo aIm J¶m Am¡a
{ejm{W©¶m| H$s ‘XX H$aZm ‘hÎdnyU© h¡, ³¶m|{H$- amOy IaJmoe go IobZo bJm& ¶h à¶moJ CXmhaU h¡-
(1) ZB© OmZH$mar H$mo nyd© OmZH$mar go Omo‹S>Zm grIZo H$mo g‘¥Õ ~ZmVm h¡& (1) à¶ËZ Ed§ Ìw{Q> {gÕmÝV H$m
(2) nyd© nmR>m| H$mo XmohamZo H$m ¶h EH$ à^mdr VarH$m h¡& (2) emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV H$m
(3) ¶h {ejm{W©¶m| H$s ñ‘¥{V H$mo ~‹T>mVm h¡, {Oggo grIZm gwÑ‹T> hmoVm h¡& (3) {H«$¶m àgyV AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV H$m
(4) ¶h {H$gr ^r H$jmZwXoeZ Ho$ {bE EH$ gw{dYmOZH$ ewê$AmV h¡& (4) BZ‘| go g^r

123. gyP {gÕmÝV Ho$ ~mao ‘| {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ g˶ h¡? 128. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
(1) Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZo H$s {H«$¶m Yrao-Yrao hmoVr h¡& 1. ‘mZd A{YJ‘ VWm à{ejU ‘| g{H«$¶ AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV H$m Cn¶moJ
(2) Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZo Ho$ {bE Aä¶mg H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr à^mdembr T>§J go {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ à¶moJ go N>mÌm|
h¡& ‘| Ano{jV ì¶dhma n[adV©Z {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

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(3) Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZo ‘| JV AZw^d ‘hÎdnyU© Zht hmoVm h¡& 2. g{H«$¶ AZw~ÝYZ Ho$ AmYma na {ñH$Za Zo à{ejU à{V‘mZ H$m {dH$mg
(4) Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZo Ho$ {bE nwZ~©bZ Amdí¶H$ h¡& {H$¶m h¡, {OgH$m ‘w»¶ bú¶ ì¶dhma n[adV©Z h¡&
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
124. AZw^dOݶ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ Cn¶mo{JVm {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| (1) Ho$db 1
go H$m¡Zgr hmo gH$Vr h¡? (2) H$dob 2
(1) ¶h {gÕmÝV ~VmVm h¡ {H$ grIZm g^r Vah go EH$ CÔoí¶nyU© Am¡a (3) 1 Am¡a 2
bú¶moÝ‘wI à{H«$¶m h¡& (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
(2) ¶h {gÕmÝV ~VmVm h¡ {H$ O~ Hw$N> n‹T>m¶m OmE AWdm Hw$N> grIZo Ho$
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{bE H$hm OmE, Vmo Cgo AnZo g‘J« ê$n ‘| hr ~ÀMm| Ho$ gm‘Zo àñVwV 129. H$WZ (A) YZmË‘H$ CÔrnZ àñVwV {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo CgHo$
{H$¶m OmE& n[aUm‘ñdê$n A{YJ‘ AZw{H«$¶m A{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘| àH$Q> hmoVr h¡&
(3) N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo dm§{N>V ñdê$n VWm {Xem àXmZ H$aZo ‘| ¶h H$maU (B) {ñH$Za Ho$ {gÕmÝV ‘| AZw{H«$¶m CÔrnZ Ho$ gå~ÝY H$mo ‘hÎd
{gÕmÝV {ejH$m| H$s ghm¶Vm H$aVm h¡& Zht {X¶m OmVm h¡& ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ
(4) Bg {gÕmÝV H$s ghm¶Vm go N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE A{YJ‘ òmoVm| Ed§ g§gmYZm| Hy$Q>- níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr
H$s ì¶dñWm H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡& (1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¡& OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ
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(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| JbV h¡§&
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(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡& go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
H$m g‘¶ H$m’$s bå~m hmo, Vmo ³¶m hmoJm? (4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
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(1) AZw~pÝYV AZw{H«$¶m H$s e{³V H$‘Omoa hmo OmEJr&

(2) AZw~pÝYV AZw{H«$¶m H$s e{³V ~‹T> OmEJr& 130. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
(3) àmUr CS H$s nhMmZ R>rH$ T>§J go Zht H$a nmEJm& 1. hb Ho$ AZwgma àUmoXZ ep³V, àUmoXZ H$m AZw^d H$aVm h¡, V~ AZoH$
(4) àmUr CS VWm UCS ‘§o ñnîQ> AÝVa Zht H$a nmEJm& àH$ma Ho$ CÔrnH$ CËnÝZ hmoVo h¢&
2. CÔrnZ ì¶p³V H$mo CÔoí¶ VH$ nhþ±MmZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢&
126. ‘mZd grIZm ‘| àe§gm VWm ’$Q>H$ma Ho$ VwbZmË‘H$ Aܶ¶Zm| go Hw$N> Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
V϶ gm‘Zo Am¶o h¢& BZ‘| go {H$go g~go ‘hÎdnyU© ‘mZm J¶m h¡? (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(1) àe§gm go {ZînmXZ ‘| d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡& (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
(2) ’$Q>H$ma go {ZînmXZ ‘| õmg hmoVm h¡&
(3) àe§gm VWm ’$Q>H$ma Ho$ n‹S>Zo dmbo à^md à˶j Z hmoH$a BZ A{^àoaH$m| 131. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
H$mo àXmZ H$aZo dmbo VWm àmßV H$aZo dmbo ì¶{³V Ho$ Amngr gå~ÝY 1. hb Ho$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$m AmYma nwZ~©bZ h¡&
na {Z^©a H$aVo h¡& 2. hb Zo Bg {dMma H$s nwpîQ> Ho$ {bE {ZJ‘Z àUmbr H$m à¶moJ Zht {H$¶m&
(4) BZ‘| go {H$gr H$mo ^r g~go ‘hÎdnyU© Zht ‘mZm J¶m h¡ Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(1) Ho$db 1
127. amOy IaJmoe go S>aVm Wm& ewê$ ‘| IaJmoe H$mo amOy go H$m’$s Xÿa aIm (2) Ho$db 2
J¶m& AmZo dmbo {XZm| ‘o ha amoO IaJmoe Am¡a amOy Ho$ ~rM H$s Xÿar (3) 1 Am¡a 2
(4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131.
(1) (3) (4) (1) (3) (2) (3) (3) (3) (1)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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132. H$WZ (A) hb Zo Myhm| na à¶moJ {H$E&
H$maU (R) hb Ho$ AZwgma CÔrnZ VWm AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ ‘ܶ gå~ÝY àUmoXZ
Am¡a nwañH$ma na {Z^©a h¡&
Hy$Q>- AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AܶmnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB© H$a
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¡§& aho h¢ Vmo Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr H$jm
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| JbV h¢& Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm h¡ Vmo
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(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡& UPTET - 95301 43210
MP Samvida - 95302 43210
133. nm±M df© H$m amOy AnZr {I‹S>H$s Ho$ ~mha Vy’$mZ H$mo XoIVm h¡& {~Obr BTET - 95302 43210
M‘H$Vr h¡ Am¡a H$‹S>H$Zo H$s AmdmO AmVr h¡& amOy emoa gwZH$a UTET - 72209 29294
CN>bVm h¡& ~ma-~ma ¶h KQ>Zm hmoVr h¡& {’$a Hw$N> Xoa empÝV Ho$ JTET - 72209 29239
níMmV² {~Obr H$‹S>H$Vr h¡& amOy {~Obr H$s JO©Zm gwZH$a CN>bVm h¡& HTET - 72209 29266
CGTET - 72209 28969
amOy H$m CN>bZm grIZo Ho$ {H$g {gÕmÝV H$m CXmhaU h¡? HPTET - 72209 28535
(1) emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ (2) {H«$¶m àgyV AZw~ÝYZ
(3) à¶ËZ Ed§ ^yb (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$ nong©,
134. EH$ H$m°boO OmZo dmbr b‹S>H$s Zo ’$e© na H$moQ> ’|$H$Zo H$s AmXV S>mb ‘m°S>b nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go ‘mJ©Xe©Z
br h¡& b‹S>H$s H$s ‘m± Zo Cggo H$hm {H$ H$‘ao go ~mha OmAmo Am¡a H$moQ> {H$¶m OmEJm, Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm àmá H$a gH|$&
H$mo Iy±Q>r na Q>m±Jmo& b‹S>H$s AJbr ~ma Ka ‘| àdoe H$aVr h¡, H$moQ> H$mo
hmW na aIH$a Ab‘mar H$s Va’$ Om H$a H$moQ> H$mo Iy±Q>r na Q>m±J XoVr
h¡& ¶h CXmhaU h¡-
(1) ûm¥§IbmJV A{YJ‘ H$m
(2) CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m A{YJ‘ H$m
(3) à˶¶ A{YJ‘ H$m àJʶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ à˶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET,
(4) BZ‘| go g^r MP Samvida, BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET,
HPTET) Ho$ {bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡&
135. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$go Eg-AmH$mar¶ {ejU-dH«$ H$s {deofVm H$hm
‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp
OmEJm?
No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$ ³bmg J«wn ¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m Aݶ ñQ>S>r
(1) àma{å^H$ à¶mgm| ‘| {ejU J{V ‘| Vrd«Vm Am¡a {’$a ~mX Ho$ à¶mgm| ‘§o
Jw«n ‘| Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘| ‘m°S>b nona ^ooO {XE OmE±J|&
‘ÝXVm
(2) àma{å^H$ à¶mgm| ‘§o {ejU J{V ‘| ‘ÝXVm Am¡a {’$a ~mX Ho$ à¶mgm| ‘|
UPTET - 95301 43210
Vrd«Vm
MP Samvida - 95302 43210
(3) àma{å^H$ à¶mgm| ‘| {ejU J{V ‘§o ‘ÝXVm, {’$a ~mX Ho$ à¶mgm| ‘| BTET - 95302 43210
Vrd«Vm Am¡a {’$a ApÝV‘ Hw$N> à¶mgm| ‘| ‘ÝXVm UTET - 72209 29294
(4) àmaå^ go AÝV VH$ Ho$ à¶mgm| ‘| {ejU J{V bJ^J g‘mZ hmoZm JTET - 72209 29239
HTET - 72209 29266
******* CGTET - 72209 28969
HPTET - 72209 28535

132. 133. 134. 135.

(1) (1) (1) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
Aܶm¶ 7
~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
7.1 àñVmdZm
A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝVm| Zo gX¡d {dkmZ {ejU-A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV {H$¶m h¡&
{ejU gm‘J«r H$m {dH$mg Ed§ à¶moJ ^r A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝVm| go à^m{dV hþE h¢&
ES>Joa S>ob Ûmam {dH${gV AZw^d e§Hw$ BZ à¶mgm| H$m ÚmoVH$ h¡&
{ÛVr¶ ‘hm¶wÕ Ho$ níMmV² VWm A³Qy>~a 1957 ‘| ê$g Ho$ àW‘
ñnyV{ZH$ Ho$ níMmV² {dkmZ {ejU ‘| A{YJ‘ ‘Zmo{dkmZ na A{YH$ ~b {X¶m
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OmZo bJm& Bg à{d{Y ‘| ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| VWm {ejm{dXm| Zo ~mbH$ {H$g àH$ma
{MÝVZ H$aVo h¢ VWm {H$g àH$ma grIVo h¢? H$mo OmZZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m VWm
¶h ñdrH$mam J¶m {H$ gåà˶¶ {dH$mg Amdí¶H$ h¢, {Og‘| N>mÌ Ho$ÝÐ-{~ÝXþ
h¡& àmo. ~r. E’$. pñH$Za, àmo. OrZ {n¶mOo, àmo. Om°Z S>rdr VWm àmo. Amgw~ob
H$m ¶moJXmZ gamhZr¶ h¡&
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7.2 ~mbH$ {H$g àH$ma {MÝVZ H$aVo h¢?
^JdmZ Zo ‘Zwî¶ H$mo Omo ~hþV go daXmZ {X¶o h¢, CZ‘| {MÝVZ-à{H«$¶m H$m
‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡& Bg {MÝVZ à{H«$¶m Ho$ H$maU hr ‘Zwî¶ Aݶ àm{U¶m| go
loîR> h¡& Aݶ àm{U¶m| H$s Anojm, ‘mZd-OrdZ A{YH$ JhZ h¡& Bg {MÝVZ
à{H«$¶m Ho$ H$maU hr ì¶p³V dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ ~Zm¶o aI gH$Vm
h¡ Am¡a AnZo OrdZ Ho$ CÔoí¶m| H$s ny{V© H$a gH$Vm h¡& {dÛmZm| H$m H$WZ h¡
{H$ {MÝVZ, gmoMZo H$s EH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo {H$gr g‘ñ¶m Ho$ H$maU àmaå^
hmoVr h¡ Am¡a g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ VH$ ~am~a MbVr ahVr h¡& ‘Zwî¶ H$m {MÝVZ
www.praganya.org
{OVZm g‘w{MV hmoJm, CVZm CgH$m ì¶dhma ^r g‘w{MV hmoJm Am¡a dh OrdZ
‘| g’$bVm àmá H$aoJm& Bg{bE ¶h {ZVmÝV Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ {dÚmb¶ Ho$
{d{^ÝZ {df¶m| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ~mbH$-~m{bH$mAm| H$s {MÝVZ ep³V H$m {dH$mg
{H$¶m OmE&
7.2.1 {MÝVZ H$m AW©
X¡{ZH$ ~mobMmb H$s ^mfm ‘| {MÝVZ H$m AW© gmoMZo, g‘PZo, H$ënZm H$aZo,
{dMma-{d‘e© H$aZo Am{X go {b¶m OmVm h¡, naÝVw ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| {MÝVZ Ho$
BVZo AñnîQ> ê$n go H$m‘ Zht Mb gH$Vm& {MÝVZ EH$ O{Q>b ‘mZ{gH$
à{H«$¶m h¡, CgH$mo grIZo, ñ‘aU, H$ënZm Am{X go AbJ H$aZm H${R>Z h¡&
S´>oda Zo {MÝVZ H$mo ‘Z H$s {H«$¶m H$hm h¡& CgZo$ {MÝVZ Am¡a {dMma
‘| AÝVa H$aVo hwE H$hm h¡ {H$ {MÝVZ EH$ ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, O~{H$ {dMma,
‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m Ho$ g‘¶, ‘Z H$s {df¶-dñVw h¡& AVEd {MÝVZ go VmËn¶©
h¡ ‘Z Ho$ gm‘Zo à˶¶m| H$m AmZm-OmZm, naÝVw {XdmñdßZ ¶m ‘Zmo{dbmg Am¡a
dmñV{dH$ {MÝVZ ‘| AÝVa h¡& {XdmñdßZ ¶m ‘Zmo{dbmg ‘o§ à˶¶ AñWm¶r
¶m j{UH$ hmoVo h¢& {MÝVZ EH$ g{H«$¶ à{H«$¶m h¡, {Og‘| ‘Z, EH$ {deof
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 109
à¶moOZ Ho$ {bE à˶¶m| H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV H$aVm h¡& Bgo h‘ EH$ CXmhaU Ûmam
ñnîQ> H$aVo h¢-
draoída AnZo n[adma Ho$ gmW Jwê$ e§H$amMm¶© H$m àdMZ gwZZo OmVo
h¢& do AnZr H$moR>r Ho$ Cg H$‘ao ‘| Vmbm bJmH$a OmVo h¢, Omo ~mha Ho$ ~am‘Xo
‘| IwbVm h¡& nrN>o go g‘mMma nÌ dmbm AmVm h¡ Am¡a ~am‘Xo ‘§o g‘mMma-nÌ
S>mbH$a ’$mQ>H$ ~ÝX H$aHo$ Mbm OmVm h¡& dmng bm¡Q>Vo g‘¶, g‘mMma-nÌ
XoZo dmbm ‘mJ© ‘| CÝh| {‘b OmVm h¡ Am¡a ~VmVm h¡ {H$ g‘mMma-nÌ VWm
amîQ´>-Y‘© Zm‘H$ n{ÌH$m ~am‘Xo ‘| S>mb Am¶m h¡& AnZr H$moR>r ‘| nhþ±MZo na,
do XoIVo h¢ {H$ ~am‘Xo ‘| Z Vmo g‘mMma-nÌ h¡ Am¡a Z hr amîQ´>-Y‘©& A~ EH$
g‘ñ¶m I‹S>r hmo OmVr h¡- Am{Ia g‘mMma-nÌ H$mo H$m¡Z bo J¶m? nhbo Vmo
H$^r Eogm hþAm Zht Wm& g‘ñ¶m H$m CnpñWV hmo OmZm {MÝVZ à{H«$¶m H$s
àW‘mdñWm h¡&
A~ draoída nmg-n‹S>mog go nyN>Vm h¡ {H$ H$ht CÝhm|Zo g‘mMma-nÌ
Vmo Zht XoIm Cg {XZ a{ddma Wm Am¡a nmg-n‹S>mog dmbo Ka na hr Wo& ¶h
‘mby‘ H$aZo Ho$ {bE nmg-n‹S>mog go nyN>Zm {H$ g‘mMma-nÌ H$m¡Z bo J¶m?
¶h {MÝVZ H$s {ÛVr¶mdñWm h¡&
BgH$o ~mX dh {nN>bo AZw^dm| H$m ܶmZ H$aZo bJVm h¡& dh gmoMZo
bJVm h¡ {H$ AmOH$b J‘u H$s Nw>[Ŷm± h¢& ñHy$bm| Ho$ ~‹S>o-~‹S>o b‹S>Ho$ Kam| ‘|
KwgH$a ’$b Vmo‹S>m H$aVo h¢& H$ht ¶h CZH$m H$m‘ Vmo Zht? CZH$m n‹S>mogr
CZgo A³ga g‘mMma-nÌ ‘m±Jm H$aVm h¡& hmo gH$Vm h¡ {H$ dh g‘mMma-nÌ
‘m±JZo Am¶m hmo Am¡a CÝh| ~am‘Xo ‘| XoIH$a, CÝh| CR>mH$a bo J¶m hmo& ¶h
{MÝVZ H$s V¥Vr¶mdñWm h¡&
VËníMmV² dh AnZo {nN>bo AZw^dm| Ho$ AmYma na EH$ AZw^d MwZ
boVm h¡& AnZo nwamZo AZw^dm| Ho$ AmYma na draoída H$m ¶h {ZpíMV ‘Z
hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ hmo Z hmo g‘mMma-nÌ H$s ¶h Mmoar CgHo$ n‹S>mogr Zo H$s h¡&
A~ CgH$s g‘ñV MoîQ>mE± Bg {ZîH$f© Ho$ AZwgma hmoVr h¢& ¶h {MÝVZ H$s
MVwWm©dñWm h¡&
Cn¶w©³V CXmhaU go ¶h ñnîQ> hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ {MÝVZ EH$ g{H«$¶
à{H«$¶m h¡ Am¡a Bg‘| ‘Z EH$ {deof à¶moOZ Ho$ {bE à˶¶m| H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV
H$aVm h¡&
Bg bå~o CXmhaU go ¶h ñnîQ> hmo J¶m hmoJm {H$ {MÝVZ g‘ñ¶m go
àmaå^ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ g‘mYmZ go g‘má hmoVm h¡& O~ VH$ gwbPmd Z
{ZH$bo ¶m O~ VH$ ì¶p³V g‘mYmZ {ZH$mbZo Ho$ à¶ËZ ‘| WH$ Z OmE, V~
VH$ {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m MbVr ahVr h¡& Bg àH$ma g‘ñ¶m Ho$ A^md ‘| {MÝVZ
Zht hmo gH$Vm& ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ OrdZ ‘| g‘ñ¶mE± ~am~a Am¶m H$aVr h¢ Am¡a CgH$mo
{MÝVZ Ûmam CZH$m g‘mYmZ {ZH$mbZm n‹S>Vm h¡&
 n¥îR> 110 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
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7.2.2 {MÝVZ H$s n[a^mfmE±
{MÝVZ ³¶m h¡, BgHo$ {bE {d{^ÝZ {dÛmZm| Zo BgH$mo H$B© àH$ma go n[a^m{fV
{H$¶m h¡& ZrMo Hw$N> n[a^mfmE± Xr Om ahr h¢-
1. S>rdr Ho$ AZwgma
{MÝVZ g{H«$¶, g§b½ZnyU© Ed§ gmdYmZrnyU© {dMma H$aVm h¡& ¶h {H$gr {dídmg
¶m AZw‘m{ZV kmZ ¶m CgHo$ AmYmam| VWm àH$me ‘| {H$Ýht {ZîH$fm] na nhþ±MVm h¡&
2. am°g Ho$ AZwgma
{MÝVZ g§kmZmË‘H$ gÝX^© ‘| EH$ ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m h¡&
3. H$mbog{ZH$ Ho$ AZwgma
{MÝVZ à˶¶m| H$m nwZgªJR>Z h¡&
4. dmaoZ Ho$ AZwgma
{MÝVZ ì¶p³V Ho$ gm‘Zo g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE CËnÝZ AmXem©Ë‘H$
g‘ñ¶m h¡, Omo àH¥${V ‘| àVrH$mË‘H$ h¡ VWm ì¶p³V H$mo g{H«$¶ ~ZmVr h¡, {Oggo
à^m{dV hmoH$a Hw$N> gr‘m VH$ à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> go dh àVrH$mË‘H$ àH$ma H$s à˶¶mË‘H$
à{H«$¶m H$aVm h¡&
5. Pm Ho$ AZwgma
{MÝVZ EH$ {H«$¶merb à{H«$¶m h¡, {Og‘| ‘pñVîH$ {dMmam| H$s J{V H$m {Z¶ÝÌU
VWm {Z¶‘Z gmoÔoí¶ ê$n go H$aVm h¡&
6. pñH$Za Ho$ AZwgma
g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ go VmËn¶© h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V Ho$ {ZU©¶ ¶m CgHo$ nyd©H$WZ Z¶o,
‘m¡{bH$, CX²^yV VWm d¡¶p³VH$ h¢& g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVH$ dh hmoVm h¡, Omo Z¶o joÌ
ImoOVm h¡, Z¶o {ZarjU H$aVm h¡, Z¶o nyd©H$WZ H$aVm h¡ VWm Z¶o {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbVm
h¡&
7. doboÝQ>mBZ Ho$ AZwgma
{MÝVZ eãX H$m à¶moJ Cg {H«$¶m Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡, {Og‘| ûm¥§Ibm~Õ {dMma
{H$gr bú¶ ¶m CÔoí¶ H$s Amoa A{dam‘ J{V go àdm{hV hmoVo h¢&
8. ao~Z© Ho$ AZwgma
{MÝVZ, BÀN>m-gå~ÝYr à{H««$¶m h¡, Omo {H$gr AgÝVmof Ho$ H$maU àmaå^ hmoVr h¡
Am¡a à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> Ho$ AmYma na MbVr hþB© Cg ApÝV‘ pñWV na nhþ±M OmVr h¡,
Omo BÀN>m H$mo gÝVwîQ> H$aVr h¡&
9. Hw«$O Ho$ AZwgma
{MÝVZ EH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo OrdZ H$s {H$gr Aݶ à{H«$¶m H$s ^m±{V
MbVr ahVr h¡&
10. Oo. nr. {Jb’$moS©> Ho$ AZwgma
{MÝVZ àVrH$mËåH$ ì¶dhma h¡, Omo g^r àH$ma Ho$ à{VñWmnZ go gå~pÝYV hmoVo h¢&
BZ n[a^mfmAm| Ho$ AmYma na h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ {MÝVZ dh
‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, {OgHo$ Ûmam ‘Zwî¶ {H$gr g‘ñ¶m Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm|
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
na {dMma H$aHo$ Cg g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ VbmeVm h¡& gab eãXm|, {H$gr
^r g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ H$aZo hoVw {dMma H$aZo dmbr ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m H$mo hr
{MÝVZ H$hVo h¢&
7.2.3 {MÝVZ H$s {deofVmE±
1. {MÝVZ ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m {Z{hV hmoVr h¡&
2. {MÝVZ H$m H$moB© EH$ ‘mܶ‘ hmoVm h¡& ¶h ‘mܶ‘ ^mfm ¶m
àVrH$mË‘H$ ì¶dhma hmo gH$Vo h¢&
3. {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE {H$gr-Z-{H$gr àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶m H$m hmoZm
Amdí¶H$ h¡& O~ VH$ H$moB© g‘ñ¶m Zht hmoJr, {MÝVZ ^r Zht
hmoJm&
4. {MÝVZ ‘| à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> Ho$ VÎd {Z{hV ahVo h¢&
5. {MÝVZ ñWyb go gyú‘ H$s Amoa MbVm h¡&
6. {MÝVZ ‘| {díbofU VWm g§íbofU H$s ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m ahVr h¡&
7. {MÝVZ ‘| à˶jrH$aU Z hmoH$a à‘wI ê$n go {dMma VWm àVrH$
hmoVo h¢&
8. {MÝVZ A˶ÝV hr O{Q>b à[H«$¶m h¡, {H$ÝVw Bg‘| g§kmZmË‘H$ nj
H$m AnojmH¥$V A{YH$ ‘hÎd hmoVm h¡&
7.2.4 {MÝVZ Ho$ àH$ma
1. à˶jmË‘H$ {MÝVZ
à˶jmË‘H$ {MÝVZ H$m gå~ÝY h‘mar kmZopÝжm| go hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$m
{MÝVZ A{YH$Va newAm| ¶m ~mbH$m| ‘| nm¶m OmVm h¡& kmZopÝжm| go gå~pÝYV
kmZ H$mo hr à˶j kmZ H$hm OmVm h¡& AmewVmof Xg df© H$m ~mbH$ h¡& dh
Hw$Îmm| H$mo XoIVo hr nËWa ‘maZo bJVm h¡& A~ O~ ^r Amgnmg Ho$ Kam| Ho$ Hw$Îmo
Cgo XoIVo h¢, Vmo S>aH$a ^mJZo bJVo h¢& AnZo {nN>bo AZw^dm| Ho$ AmYma na
Hw$Îmo gmoMVo h¢ {H$ AmewVmof CÝh| nËWa ‘maZo Am ahm h¡&
Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| Z Vmo dñVwAm| Ho$ JwUm| Am¡a Zm‘m| H$mo OmZZo
H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡ Am¡a Z hr Cg‘o§ H$ënZmAm| ¶m à˶¶m| H$m H$moB© ñWmZ
hmoVm h¡&
2. H$ënZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ
Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| à˶oH$ dñVw H$m A^md hmoVm h¡, naÝVw Bg H$‘r
H$s ny{V© H$ënZm Ûmam H$a br OmVr h¡& D$na d{U©V à˶jmË‘H$ {MÝVZ H$m
gå~ÝY dV©‘mZ go ahVm h¡, naÝVw H$ënZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ ^{dî¶ go gå~pÝYV
hmoVm h¡& Bg‘| ñ‘¥{V H$m à‘wI hmW hmoVm h¡& H$ënZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ ‘|, ñ‘¥{V
Ho$ AmYma na VWm nydm©Zw^dm| H$s n¥îR>^y{‘ ‘| ì¶p³V ¶m dñVw go gå~pÝYV
‘mZ{gH$ à{V‘mAm| H$m àmXþ^m©d hmoVm h¡& H${dVm Ho$ {nVmOr gmo‘ZmW J¶o Wo,
Vmo CgHo$ {bE ‘mbm bmE Wo& A~ O~ ^r do Xÿgao ZJa OmVo h¢, Vmo H${dVm ZB©
‘mbm H$s H$ënZm H$aZo bJVr h¡& CgHo$ {MÝVZ ‘| Xmo ‘mZg à{V‘mE± C^aVr
h¡- EH$ CgHo$ {nVmOr H$s Am¡a Xÿgar ‘mbm H$s&
3. à˶¶mË‘H$ {MÝVZ
à˶¶mË‘H$ {MÝVZ H$m AmYma à˶¶ hmoVo h¢& à˶¶m| H$mo gyú‘ {dMma H$hm Om
gH$Vm h¡& à˶¶ ^mfm Ho$ gmW-gmW MbVo h¢& eãX Am¡a à˶¶ H$mo AbJ-
 àJʶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
AbJ Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm& EH$ O¡go nXmWm] Am¡a CZHo$ JwUm| H$m kmZ, {OZ
{deof eãXm| go hmoVm h¡, CÝh| à˶¶ H$hVo h¢& O~ ~mbH$ {~ëbr eãX H$m
CÀMmaU H$aVo h¢, Vmo CZHo$ {MÝVZ ‘| H$moB© {deof {~ëbr Z hmoH$a g‘ñV
{~ëbr Om{V VWm CgHo$ JwU hmoVo h¢&
à˶¶ Xmo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢- EH$ Vmo do à˶¶ {OZH$m gå~ÝY ì¶p³V
H$s kmZopÝжm| go h¡, O¡go- {~ëbr, Jm¶, ‘Zwî¶, ‘moa, VmoVm Am{X& Xÿgao
àH$ma Ho$ à˶¶m| H$m gå~ÝY JwUm| go hmoVm h¡, O¡go- X¶m, ݶm¶, gÀMmB©,
H$R>moaVm Am{X&
4. Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ
¶h gdm}ÀM àH$ma H$m {MÝVZ hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| H$moB© ì¶p³V
{d{^ÝZ {dMmam| H$m à¶moJ {H$gr {d{eîQ> bú¶ H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIH$a H$aVm h¡&
‘Zwî¶ Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| EH$ Xÿgar dñVw ¶m KQ>Zm Ho$ ‘ܶ gå~ÝY
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ñWm{nV H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡&
5. {ZX}{eV {MÝVZ
{ZX}{eV {MÝVZ go A{^àm¶ ì¶p³V Ho$ Ûmam {H$gr {d{eîQ> ¶m bú¶m| H$s àm{á
Ho$ {bE {H$¶o OmZo dmbo {MÝVZ go hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| ì¶p³V H$m
ì¶dhma CgHo$ OrdZ Ho$ kmV Ed§ ñnîQ> bú¶m| go {ZX}{eV hmoVm h¡&
6. A{ZX}{eV {MÝVZ
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Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| ‘Zwî¶ {H$gr ñnîQ> CÔoí¶ Am¡a bú¶ Ho$ {~Zm hr
{ZX}{eV hþE {MÝVZ à{H«$¶m H$mo Omar aIVm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$m {MÝVZ àm¶…
{Xdm ñdßZm|, ñdVÝÌ gmhM¶m], H$ënZm H$s C‹S>mZ O¡gr A{ZX}{eV KQ>ZmAm|
go n[aMm{bV hmoVm h¡&
7. namd{V©V {MÝVZ
‘Zwî¶ OrdZ Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm| Am¡a CZ‘| {H$¶o OmZo dmbo ì¶dhma à{V‘mZm|
H$mo gmW©H$ ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE Bg àH$ma H$m {MÝVZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ¶h EH$ CÀM
ñVar¶ {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘mZr OmVr h¡& Bg {MÝVZ Ho$ Ûmam H$moB© ^r ì¶p³V
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AnZo O{Q>b H$m¶m] ¶m g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m g‘mYmZ H$aVm h¡& Bg‘| nyd© AZw^dm| H$m
à¶moJ H$aVo hþE EH$ Z¶o T>§J go AmZo dmbr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
7.2.5 {Oå~mS>m} Ed§ ê$H$ Ho$ AZwgma {MÝVZ Ho$ àH$ma
{Oå~mS>m} Ed§ ê$H$ Ho$ AZwgma {MÝVZ Ho$ Xmo ‘w»¶ àH$ma ~Vbm¶o J¶o h¢, Omo
{ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. ñdbr {MÝVZ
¶h {MÝVZ H$ënZmË‘H$ {dMmam| Am¡a {Xdm-ñdßZm| na AmYm[aV hmoVm h¡,
{Og‘| {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ Zht hmo nmVm& ¶h Ho$db »¶mbr nwbm~
~ZmZm O¡gm hr h¡&
2. ¶WmW©dmXr {MÝVZ
Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ H$m gå~ÝY dmñV{dH$ n[apñW{V¶m| ¶m KQ>ZmAm| go hr
hmoVm h¡, {OgH$s ghm¶Vm go ì¶p³V {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$a gH$Vm
h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ¶WmW©dmXr {MÝVZ Ho$ VrZ ^mJ ~Vm¶o h¢, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV
h¢-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 111
1. A{^gmar {MÝVZ - Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| ì¶p³V {H$gr Xr JB©
n[apñW{V ¶m dñVw-pñW{V ‘| V϶m| Ho$ AmYma na hr g‘ñ¶m H$m
g‘mYmZ {ZH$mbVm h¡& Bgo {ZJ‘ZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ ^r H$hVo h¢& Bg‘|
g‘ñ¶m H$m {ZpíMV g‘mYmZ {ZH$mbm OmVm h¡&
2. g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ - Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| ì¶p³V Xr JB©
n[apñW{V ‘| nm¶o J¶o V϶m| Ho$ gmW AnZo ÑpîQ>H$moU Ho$ AmYma na
Z¶o V϶m| H$mo Omo‹S>H$a g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s Amoa ~‹T>Vm h¡& Bg‘|
g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE Z¶o V϶m| H$m gO©Z {H$¶m OmVm
h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ H$mo AmJ‘ZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ ^r H$hVo h¢&
3. AmbmoMZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ - Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| ì¶p³V {H$gr ^r
KQ>Zo dmbr KQ>Zm Ho$ à{V AmbmoMZmË‘H$ ÑpîQ>H$moU aIVm h¡& dh
CnpñWV n[apñW{V ¶m KQ>Zm H$s dmñV{dH$Vm H$mo Om±M naIH$a
hr ñdrH$ma H$aVo h¢& Bg‘| dñVw, KQ>Zm ¶m V϶ H$s gÀMmB© H$mo
CgHo$ JwUm| d Xmofm| H$s naI H$aZo Ho$ ~mX ñdrH$ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
JoñQ>mëQ>dmXr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ‘¡³g dXu‘a Zo AnZo {gÕmÝV ‘| VrZ
àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ H$s ~mV H$s h¡&
7.2.6 {MÝVZ Ho$ gmYZ
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ AZwgma {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m {ZåZ gmYZm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go VoOr
go hmoVr h¡-
1. à{V~moYZ
{MÝVZ H$s {H«$¶m H$mo à{V~moYZ Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go CÎmoOZm {‘bVr h¡& O¡go- ¶{X
H$moB© AܶmnH$ {H$gr ~mbH$ H$mo {H$gr go PJ‹S>Vo hþE XoIVm h¡, Vmo dh AnZo
AZw^dm| go CgHo$ ì¶dhma H$m Aܶ¶Z H$a gHo$Jm Am¡a CgH$s PJ‹S>Zo H$s
AmXV H$mo gwYma gHo$Jm&
2. à{V‘m
à{V‘m {MÝVZ H$m EH$ à‘wI gmYZ h¡& ì¶p³V Ho$ nyd© AZw^d à{V‘mAm| Ho$
ê$n ‘| {dÚ‘mZ ahVo h¢& ¶o à{V‘mE± BVZr ep³Vembr hmoVr h¢ {H$ BZ‘| VWm
à˶j ‘| ~hwV H$‘ AÝVa ahVm h¡& O¡go- ¶{X ~mbH$ Ka ‘| ~¡R>m-~¡R>m AnZr
H$jm Ho$ ~mao ‘| {MÝVZ H$aVm h¡, Vmo dh AܶmnH$, ‘oO, Hw$gu, í¶m‘nÅ,
ghnmR>r Am{X H$s EH$ AñnîQ> ‘mZ{gH$ nwZéËn{Îm H$aVm h¡, {Ogo à{V‘m H$hm
OmVm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m nhbo Eogm ‘mZZm Wm {H$ {MÝVZ ‘| ì¶p³V {H$gr
àH$ma H$s à{V‘m H$m à¶moJ Zht H$aVm, naÝVw AmYw{ZH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ à¶moJm|
Ûmam ¶h ñnîQ> hmo MwH$m h¡ {H$ {MÝVZ ‘| à{V‘mE± hmoVr h¢& BZ à{V‘mAm| ‘|
A{YH$m§eV… ÑpîQ> à{V‘mE± hmoVr h¡, naÝVw H$^r-H$^r K«mU à{V‘mE± ¶m ldU
à{V‘mE± Am{X ^r hmoVr h¢&
3. à˶¶
à˶¶ {MÝVZ H$m ‘hÎdnyU© AmYma h¡& à˶oH$ KQ>Zm ¶m dñVw H$m à˶¶ ì¶p³V
Ho$ ‘Z ‘| hmoVm h¡, Omo {MÝVZ à{H«$¶m ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm h¡& O¡go- ¶{X {H$gr
N>mÌ go nyN>m OmE {H$ Mma n¡a, EH$ ny±N>, aå^mZm, XÿY XoZo dmbm nmbVy Am{X
JwUm| Ho$ AmYma na CgHo$ ‘Z ‘| H$m¡Zgr AdYm ¶m à˶¶ AmVm h¡& BZ JwUm| Ho$
AmYma na N>mÌ EH$ gm‘mݶ {ZîH$f© na nhþ±MVm h¡- Jm¶& ¶hm± na Jm¶ à˶¶
H$m CXmhaU h¡& ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ à˶¶ Ho$ AmYma na hr dñVwAm| H$m dJuH$aU
 n¥îR> 112 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
{H$¶m OmVm h¡ VWm à˶¶ go {MÝVZ ‘| H$‘ g‘¶ bJVm h¡& Bgr go {MÝVZ
^yV, ^{dî¶ VWm dV©‘mZ ‘o§ ì¶má hmo OmVm h¡&
4. ^mfm
{MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ì¶p³V ^mfm Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ñd¶§ go ~mVMrV H$aVm h¡,
Bg{bE {MÝVZ H$mo AmÝV[aH$ ^mfU ^r H$hm OmVm h¡& {d{^ÝZ à¶moJm| Ûmam ¶h
ñnîQ> hþAm h¡ {H$ {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aVo g‘¶ {MÝVZ H$aZo dmbo
ì¶p³V H$s dmJrÝÐr¶ O¡go Or^ VWm ñda ¶ÝÌ ‘| Hw$N> noer¶ g§Hw$MZ hmoVo
h¢& O¡go- ì¶p³V AnZo Amn go ~mob ahm hmo& Hw$N> ì¶p³V {MÝVZ Ho$ g‘¶
Omoa-Omoa go ^r ~mobVo h¢& AV… ^mfm {MÝVZ H$m EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© gmYZ h¡&
5. g§Ho$V Ed§ {M•
{MÝVZ ‘| g§Ho$V Ed§ {M• ^r ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢& O~ g§Ho$V {H$gr MoVZ ¶m
{H«$¶mË‘H$ AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ {bE CÔrnZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$m¶© H$aVm h¡, Vmo Bgo {M•
H$hVo h¢& AV… {M• ì¶p³V H$mo CÎmo{OV H$aHo$ {MÝVZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV
H$aVm h¡&
6. gyÌ
gyÌ {MÝVZ ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢& EH$ N>moQ>o gyÌ ‘| ì¶mnH$ AW© {Z{hV hmoVm h¡&
{dkmZ VWm J{UV ‘| {MÝVZ H$mo gyÌm| Ho$ ghmao hr {dH${gV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
7.2.7 {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE AZwHy$b n[apñW{V¶m±
1. ge³V àoaUm
{MÝVZ ‘| àoaUm H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& àoaUm Ho$ A^md ‘| ì¶dpñWV Am¡a
{Z¶pÝÌV {MÝVZ gå^d Zht h¡& O¡gm {H$ nhbo ~Vbm¶m Om MwH$m h¡ {H$
{MÝVZ ‘| {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$mo gwbPm¶m OmVm h¡& Bg g‘ñ¶m H$mo gwbPmZo H$s
àoaUm {OVZr ge³V ¶m g~b hmoJr, Cg {df¶ H$m {MÝVZ H$aZo ‘| ‘pñVîH$
CVZm hr A{YH$ à¶ËZerb hmoJm& H$hmdV h¡ {H$ Ohm± Mmh h¡, dhm± amh h¡&
Mmh {OVZr A{YH$ hmoJr, amh Ty>±‹T>Zo H$m {MÝVZ ^r CVZm hr A{YH$ hmoJm Am¡a
amh {ZH$mbo {~Zm ì¶p³V H$^r M¡Z Zht nm gH$Vm& àoaUm go CËgmh ~Zm ahVm
h¡ Am¡a WH$mZ erK« Zht AmVr& àoaUm go {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ ep³V H$m
g§MmbZ AmgmZr go Zht hmo nmVm h¡&
2. ܶmZ Am¡a é{M
ܶmZ Am¡a é{M {MÝVZ ‘| ghm¶H$ AdñWmE± h¢& {Og {df¶ ‘| AmnH$s é{M
{~ëHw$b Zht h¡ Cg {df¶ ‘| àm‘m{UH$ {MÝVZ hmoZm Agå^d Zht, Vmo H${R>Z
Adí¶ h¡& é{M Ho$ A^md ‘| Cg na ܶmZ Zht bJm¶m Om gH$Vm& BgHo$
{dnarV, {Og {df¶ ‘| AmnH$s é{M h¡ Cg‘| ܶmZ ñdm^m{dH$ ê$n go bJ
OmVm h¡ Am¡a {MÝVZ ^r ñdm^m{dH$ ê$n go hmoZo bJVm h¡& O¡go- ¶{X Amn
H$mo J{UV H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘o§ é{M h¡, Vmo AmnH$mo CZHo$ {MÝVZ ‘| AmZÝX
Am¶oJm, CZ‘| AmnH$m ܶmZ bJoJm Am¡a Amn AmgmZr go CZ‘| àJm‹T> {MÝVZ
H$a gH|$Jo&
3. gVH©$Vm Am¡a bMrbmnZ
gVH©$Vm Am¡a bMrbmnZ ^r àm‘m{UH$ {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE AZwHy$b n[apñW{V¶m±
h¢& gVH©$Vm go {MÝVZ ‘| Jb{V¶m± Am¡a hoËdm^mg Zht AmZo nmVo& bMrbonZ
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
go é{‹T>dm{XVm Am¡a AÝY{dídmg go ~Mmd hmoVm h¡& gVH©$ ahZo go ì¶p³V
Z¶o-Z¶o Cnm¶m| Am¡a {d{Y¶m| na ^r Ñ[îQ> aIVm h¡ Am¡a Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>Zo na
CZH$m {MÝVZ ‘| g‘w{MV Cn¶moJ H$aVm h¡& gVH©$ ì¶p³V {MÝVZ ‘| ghm¶H$
g§Ho$Vm|, à¶moJm|, {M•m| Am¡a gyÌm| Ho$ ghr AWm] H$mo VwaÝV g‘P OmVm h¡ Am¡a
CZH$m Cn¶moJ H$aVm h¡& {MÝVZ ‘| g‘ñ¶m H$m gwbPmd ImoOZm hmoVm h¡& AV…
Cg‘| Bg ~mV Ho$ {bE gVH©$ ahZm n‹S>Vm h¡ {H$ H$moB© JbVr Z hmo OmE Am¡a
H$moB© ~mV Ny>Q> Z OmE& Bg‘| gVH©$Vm H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& {MÝVZ H$s g‘ñ¶m
H$mo gwbPmZo ‘| ¶{X EH$ {dH$ën go H$m‘ Zht {ZH$bVm, Vmo Cgo N>mo‹S>H$a Xÿgam
{dH$ën J«hU H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& Bg‘| bMrbonZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma
{MÝVZ ‘| gVH©$Vm Am¡a bMrbmnZ XmoZm| hr ghm¶H$ h¢&
4. ~w{Õ H$m {dñV¥V joÌ
~w{Õ H$m {dñV¥V joÌ ^r {MÝVZ ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm h¡& {MÝVZ ‘| AÝVÑ©pîQ>,
nyd©ÑpîQ> Am¡a níMmV²ÑpîQ> ~‹S>r ghm¶H$ hmoVr h¢& BZHo$ {bE ~w{Õ Ho$ joÌ Ho$
n¶m©á {dH$mg H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& {MÝVZ ‘| g‘ñ¶m Ho$ gwbPmd Ho$ {bE
Cg g‘ñ¶m Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm| Am¡a CZHo$ nañna gå~ÝYm| na ÑpîQ> aIZm
Amdí¶H$ h¡& BZ g~Ho$ {bE ~w{Õ Ho$ {dñV¥V joÌ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡&
5. g‘¶ H$s gr‘m H$m H$R>moa Z hmoZm
{MÝVZ Z| g‘¶ bJVm h¡& O~ {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m hb {H$¶m Om ahm hmo,
Vmo Cg‘| g‘¶ H$s gr‘m H$R>moa Zht hmoZr Mm{hE& gr‘m H$R>moa hmoZo na
{MÝVZ ñdm^m{dH$ ê$n go Zht hmo nmVm Am¡a Aàm‘m{UH$ hmo OmVm h¡& gr‘m
Ho$ A˶{YH$ H$‘ hmoZo na Am¡a A˶{YH$ H$R>moa hmoZo na {MÝVZ H$^r ^r
àm‘m{UH$ Zht hmo gHo$Jm& ¶{X {MÝVZ H$m {df¶ Aé{MH$a hmo, Vmo CgH$s
gr‘m {ZYm©[aV H$s Om gH$Vr h¡, naÝVw ¶h gr‘m ^r H$R>moa Zht hmoZr Mm{hE&
amoMH$ g‘ñ¶m ‘| g‘¶ {ZYm©[aV H$aZm ì¶W© h¡, ³¶m|{H$ Cg‘| ì¶p³V ñd¶§
^agH$ à¶mg H$aVm h¡&
6. J^uH$aU
J^uH$aU ^r {MÝVZ ‘| EH$ AZwHy$b n[apñW{V h¡& ¶{X {MÝVZ ‘| {H$gr
g‘ñ¶m H$m H$moB© hb Z {ZH$b ahm hmo Am¡a ~ma-~ma Ag’$bVm {‘b ahr hmo,
Vmo AÀN>m ¶h h¡ {H$ CgH$mo Hw$N> Xoa Ho$ {bE ñW{JV H$a {X¶m OmE& Bggo O~
Amn Am¡a H$m‘m| ‘| bJo ah|Jo, V~ ‘pñVîH$ Cg g‘ñ¶m H$mo goVm ahoJm Am¡a
O¡go goZo go AWdm J^uH$aU go AÊS>o ‘| ~ÀMm V¡¶ma hmo OmVm h¡, Cgr àH$ma
Bg ‘mZ{gH$ J^uH$aU go g‘ñ¶m H$m gwbPmd {ZH$mbZm AmgmZ hmoJm& goZo
H$s à{H«$¶m ³¶m h¡, BgHo$ {df¶ ‘| A^r {ZpíMV ê$n go Hw$N> kmV Zht hmo
gH$m h¡, naÝVw ¶h X¡{ZH$ AZw^d H$s ~mV h¡ {H$ O~ g‘ñ¶m H$mo Bg àH$ma
N>mo‹S> {X¶m OmVm h¡, V~ H$^r-H$^r AH$ñ‘mV² CgH$m hb AnZo Amn g‘P
‘| Am OmVm h¡ AWdm Cg na {’$a {MÝVZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo CgH$m hb
{ZH$mbZo ‘| AmgmZr hmoVr h¡, naÝVw J^uH$aU H$m AW© g‘ñ¶m go ^mJZm ¶m
CgHo$ gwbPmd Ho$ {bE n¶m©á gm‘J«r EH${ÌV H$aZo go ^mJZm Zht h¡, ³¶m|{H$
Eogr Xem ‘| J^uH$aU ì¶W© h¡& AV… J^uH$aU H$m bm^ V^r hmoVm h¡, O~{H$
g‘ñ¶m H$m ^br àH$ma {MÝVZ H$aZo Ho$ ~mX CgH$mo N>mo‹S> {X¶m J¶m hmo&
 àJʶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
7. g§doJ
g§doJmË‘H$ Xem ‘| {MÝVZ Zht hmo gH$Vm& ^¶, H«$moY, ào‘ Am{X g§doJ h¡& AV…
{MÝVZ Ho$ {bE g§doJ-‘wp³V Mm{hE&
8. ^mfm
^mfm Ho$ {~Zm {MÝVZ H$m {dH$mg Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm& AV… ì¶p³V H$m ^mfm
{dH$mg {OVZm OëXr hmo gHo$, AÀN>m h¡&
9. à˶¶
à˶¶m| Ho$ {~Zm ^r {MÝVZ gå^d Zht h¡& Bg{bE à˶¶mË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s Amoa
{deof ܶmZ {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
10. gm‘m{OH$ gånH©$
ì¶p³V g‘mO goo ~hþV Hw$N> J«hU H$aVm h¡& ^mfm H$m kmZ ^r ì¶p³V H$mo
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gm‘m{OH$ gånH©$ Ûmam hmoVm h¡& gm‘m{OH$ gånH©$ Ûmam N>mÌm| H$s {MÝVZ-
à{H«$¶m CÝZV hmoVr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ CÝh| {MÝVZ H$s ZdrZ {XemE± àmá hmoVr h¢&
11. à˶jmZw^d
{OZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo ñWyb nXmWm] H$m à˶jmZw^d hmoVm h¡, CZH$s {MÝVZ j‘Vm
A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& EH$ H$ݶm AnZr nmR²>¶-nwñVH$ ‘| ‘moa go gå~pÝYV nmR>
n‹T>Vr h¡& A~ O~ VH$ dh ‘moa H$mo XoI Zht boVr, V~ VH$ dh ‘moa Ho$ ~mao
‘| {MÝVZ H$a hr Zht gH$Vr&
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7.2.8 {MÝVZ Ho$ {df¶ ‘| ñnr¶a‘¡Z Ho$ {Z¶‘
{MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m EH$ O{Q>b à{H«$¶m hmoVr h¡& ¶h à{H«$¶m O{Q>b hmoZo Ho$ gmW
hr gmW {Z¶{‘V ^r hmoVr h¡& Bg à{H«$¶m H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo Ho$ {bE EH$ à{gÕ
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ñnr¶a‘¡Z Zo Hw$N> {Z¶‘ à{Vnm{XV {H$¶o Wo-
1. gå~ÝYm| H$m n¥W³H$sH$aU
ñnr¶a‘¡Z H$m {MÝVZ H$m àW‘ {Z¶‘ gå~ÝYm| H$m n¥W³H$sH$aU h¡& Bg {Z¶‘
Ho$ AZwgma {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| O~ ì¶p³V Ho$ gå‘wI AZoH$ dñVwE°§ CnpñWV
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hmoVr h¢, Vmo CZ‘o§ Hw$N> gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$a {bE OmVo h¢& ¶o gå~ÝY {ZH$Q>Vm,
AmH$ma VWm Xÿar Am{X na {Z^©a ahVo h¢& BZ gå~ÝYm| H$mo dmñV{dH$ gå~ÝY
‘mZm OmVm h¡& ñnr¶a‘¡Z Ho$ AZwgma BZ dmñV{dH$ gå~ÝYm| na {ZåZ{b{IV
~mVm| H$m {deof à^md n‹S>Vm h¡-
1. JwU - à˶oH$ dñVw Ho$ AnZo JwU hmoVo h¢& BZ JwUm| Ho$ gmW Cg
dñVw H$m EH$ {d{eîQ> gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& O¡go- Z‘H$ EH$ dñVw
h¡ VWm Z‘H$sZ hmoZm BgH$m JwU h¡& Bg pñW{V ‘| Z‘H$ VWm
Z‘H$sZnZ ‘| EH$ dmñV{dH$ gå~ÝY ‘mZm OmEJm& Bg gå~ÝY H$mo
{H$gr ^r pñW{V ‘| AbJ Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
2. H$mbJV gå~ÝY - EH$ Aݶ àH$ma H$m gå~ÝY H$mbJV gå~ÝY
hmoVm h¡& Hw$N> dñVwAm| AWdm V϶m| Ho$ ~rM H$mbJV gå~ÝY ^r
nm¶m OmVm h¡& O¡go- 9.30 na ñHy$b àmaå^ hmoVm h¡& Bg pñW{V
‘| 9.30 ~OZo VWm ñHy$b Ho$ àmaå^ hmoZo ‘| EH$ H$mbJV gå~ÝY
ñWm{nV hmo OmVm h¡&
3. ñWmZJV gå~ÝY - H$mbJV gå~ÝY H$s hr ^m±{V ñWmZJV
gå~ÝY H$m ^r EH$ {d{eîQ> gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& Hw$N> dñVwAm| ‘|
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 113
ñWmZJV gå~ÝY ^r nm¶m OmVm h¡& ¶h gå~ÝY ^r EH$ àH$ma go
A{^ÝZ gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& O¡go- ‘oO Am¡a Hw$gu ‘| ñWmZJV gå~ÝY
hmoVm h¡& ¶o XmoZm| dñVwE± EH$ gmW nm¶r OmVr h¡&
4. H$m¶©-H$maU gå~ÝY - Hw$N> dñVwAm| AWdm V϶m| Ho$ ‘ܶ H$m¶©-
H$maU gå~ÝY ^r nm¶m OmVm h¡& BZ dñVwAm| ‘| go ¶{X EH$ H$m¶©
hmoVr h¡, Vmo Xÿgar CgH$m H$maU& O¡go- ~’©$ VWm R>ÊS>H$ Ho$ ~rM
nañna H$m¶©-H$maU gå~ÝY h¡& Bgr àH$ma AmJ Ed§ J‘u ‘| ^r
H$m¶©-H$maU gå~ÝY h¡&
5. dñVwJV gå~ÝY -¶h ^r EH$ àH$ma go A{^ÝZ gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡&
O¡go- ~mOma VWm XþH$mZ, dm{Q>H$m VWm ’y$b H$m Amngr gå~ÝY
dñVwJV gå~ÝY hr H$hbmEJm&
6. {Z‘m©UmË‘H$ gå~ÝY - Hw$N> dñVwE± {H$gr Aݶ gm‘J«r go ~Zr
hmoVr h¡& BZ dñVwAm| VWm gå~pÝYV gm‘J«r Ho$ ~rM Omo gå~ÝY
hmoVm h¡, Cgo {Z‘m©UmË‘H$ gå~ÝY H$hm OmVm h¡& O¡go- H$n‹S>o VWm
dñÌ, bH$‹S>r VWm ’$ZuMa, H$m±M VWm {Jbmg Ho$ ‘ܶ {Z‘m©UmË‘H$
gå~ÝY hr h¡&
7. Aݶ gå~ÝY - {d{^ÝZ dñVwAm| Ed§ V϶m| Ho$ ~rM Cn¶w©³V d{U©V
gå~ÝYm| Ho$ A{V[a³V Hw$N> Aݶ gå~ÝY ^r nmE OmVo h¢, {OZH$m
dU©Z ñnr¶a‘¡Z Zo {H$¶m h¡& ¶o ‘mZ{gH$ gå~ÝY hmoVo h¢, BÝh|
{dMmamË‘H$ gå~ÝY ^r H$hm OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ ‘w»¶ gå~ÝY
h¢- g‘mZVm H$m gå~ÝY, g‘rnVm H$m gå~ÝY, nyd©nj VWm {ZîH$f©
H$m gå~ÝY VWm {Z¶moOZmË‘H$ gå~ÝY&
2. gh gå~ÝYm| H$m n¥W³H$sH$aU
H$^r-H$^r V϶ H$mo gå~ÝYm| Ho$ g§Ho$V Ho$ Ûmam àñVwV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg
pñW{V ‘| gh-gå~ÝYm| H$m n¥W³H$sH$aU hmo OmVm h¡& O¡go- ¶{X H$hm OmE
{H$ AmJ Ja‘ hmoVr h¡ VWm ~’©$? Vmo {Zñg§Xoh ê$n go CÎma {‘boJm R>ÊS>r&
Bgr àH$ma ¶{X H$hm OmE, {H$ Mm¶ Ja‘ hmoVr h¡ VWm e~©V? Vmo ñdV… CÎma
{‘boJm R>ÊS>m& ¶h CÎma gh-gå~ÝYm| Ho$ n¥W³H$sH$aU H$m hr n[aUm‘ h¡&
7.2.9 {MÝVZ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
{MÝVZ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| Xmo {gÕmÝV àM{bV h¢& BÝh| Ho$ÝÐr¶ {gÕmÝV VWm noer¶
AWdm ñZm¶w{dH$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZVo h¢& BZ {gÕmÝVm| H$m dU©Z g§jon
‘| àñVwV h¡-
1. Ho$ÝÐr¶ {gÕmÝV
{MÝVZ H$m Ho$ÝÐr¶ {gÕmÝV àmMrZ {gÕmÝV h¡& Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ¶h
‘mZm OmVm h¡ {H$ {MÝVZ à{H«$¶m ‘pñVîH$ na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡& ‘pñVîH$ Ho$
CÀM Ho$ÝÐ O~ {MÝVZ Ho$ AmYma na O{Q>b g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m {ZdmaU H$aVo h¢
V~ ¶hr H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE ‘pñVîH$ H$s {H«$¶mE± Amdí¶H$
h¢& Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AÝVJ©V emar[aH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$mo H$moB© àYmZVm Zht Xr J¶r
h¡& Bg {dMmaYmam ‘| H$hm J¶m h¡ {H$ {MÝVZ Ho$ g‘¶ emar[aH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$m
nyU©V… A^md ahVm h¡& {MÝVZ Ho$ Ho$ÝÐr¶ {gÕmÝV H$mo BVZm g‘W©Z Zht {‘bm
h¡, {OVZm ñZm¶w{dH$ AWdm noer¶ {gÕmÝV H$mo {‘bm h¡&
 n¥îR> 114 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
2. noer¶ AWdm ñZm¶w{dH$ {gÕmÝV
Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ¶h ñdrH$ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡ {H$ {MÝVZ Ho$ g‘¶
‘pñVîH$ H$s {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ A{V[a³V emar[aH$ {H«$¶mE± ^r hmoVr h¢& ì¶dhmadmXr
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Bg {gÕmÝV H$mo g‘W©Z XoVo h¢& à{gÕ ì¶dhmadmXr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
dmQgZ Zo Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ g‘W©Z ‘| AZoH$ à¶moJ àñVwV {H$E h¢& BZHo$
AZwgma {MÝVZ Ho$ g‘¶ ñda¶ÝÌ ‘| {H«$¶m hmoVr h¡& Bgr AmYma na BÝhm|Zo
{MÝVZ H$mo ‘m¡Z dmUr H$hH$a nwH$mam h¡& ñda¶ÝÌ H$s BZ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ gmW
hr gmW Aݶ emar[aH$ {H«$¶mE± ^r hmoVr h¡& dV©‘mZ g‘¶ ‘| {MÝVZ Ho$ g‘¶
emar[aH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$mo A§{H$V H$aZo Ho$ {bE {dÚwV {d{Y H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m J¶m
h¡& ñZm¶w-noer¶ {H«$¶mAm| H$mo OmZZo Ho$ {bE O¡H$~gZ Ho$ à¶moJ A{V gamhZr¶
h¡& J¡ëdoZmo‘rQ>a Ho$ ‘mnZ H$m ^r Bg {gÕmÝV H$mo g‘W©Z àmá h¡& ‘¡³g Ho$
à¶moJ ^r {MÝVZ Ho$ g‘¶ ñZm¶w{dH$ noer¶ {H«$¶mAm| H$mo g‘W©Z XoVo h¢&
7.2.10 {MÝVZ VWm g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ
g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ g‘¶ O~ ì¶p³V {MÝVZ H$aVm h¡, Vmo {MÝVZ H$s
¶h AdñWm VH©$g§JV hmoVr h¡& g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ ‘| ì¶p³V {d{^ÝZ àH$ma go
{MÝVZ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ hb H$aZo ‘| AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ gmYZ OwQ>mZo Ho$
à¶mg H$aVm h¡& O~ VH$ g‘ñ¶m H$m hb Zht {ZH$b OmVm h¡, dh {ZaÝVa
Cgr Ho$ {df¶ ‘| gmoMVm ahVm h¡& g‘ñ¶m Ho$ hb Ho$ g‘¶ Bg {MÝVZ Ho$
à^m{dV ê$n H$mo VH©$ H$hm OmVm h¡&
g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V Ho$ ñdê$n H$r ì¶m»¶m H$aVo hþE {d{^ÝZ ‘Zmodk
¡ m{ZH$m|
Zo AnZo {dMma àñVwV {H$E h¢& gm‘mݶ ê$n go g‘ñ¶m H$s àH¥${V H$mo n[a^m{fV
H$aVo hþE H$hm J¶m h¡ {H$ O~ H$^r ^r àmUr AnZo H$mo Eogr CÎmoOH$ pñW{V ‘|
nmVm h¡ {H$ {Og‘| Cgo {d{dY àH$ma Ho$ CÎmoOH$ g§H$o V {‘bVo h¢ Am¡a {d{^ÝZ
à{V{H«$¶mE± H$aZo na ^r AnZo bú¶ VH$ Zht nhþM± nmVm h¡& Om°ZgZ Zo g‘ñ¶m
H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþE {bIm h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m H$s CËn{Îm Cg g‘¶ hmoVr h¡, O~
ì¶p³V {H$gr bú¶ VH$ nhþM± Zo Ho$ {bE A{^ào[aV hmo, naÝVw CgHo$ àmapå^H$
à¶ËZ bú¶ H$s àm{á ‘| ghm¶H$ hmo OmVo hmo& EpÝS´>¶mO Zo g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V
H$m {díbofU {ZåZ{b{IV nm±M ^mJm| H$mo boH$a {H$¶m h¡-
1. àmUr Ho$ g‘j EH$ ¶m A{YH$ bú¶ hmoVo h¢&
2. àmUr H$mo {d{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ CÎmoOH$ g§Ho$V {‘bVo h¢&
3. àmUr {d{dY àH$ma H$s à{V{H«$¶mE± H$aVm h¡&
4. g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V H$m à˶oH$ g§Ho$V Cg n[apñW{V ‘| hmoZo dmbr
AbJ-AbJ à{V{H«$¶mAm| Ho$ gmW nyd© AZw^d Ho$ H$maU {d{^ÝZ
àH$ma H$s Vrd«Vm Ho$ gmW grIm OmVm h¡&
5. àmUr H$mo Ìw{Q>nyU© VWm g˶ à{V{H«$¶mAm| H$m kmZ hmo OmVm h¡&
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$m ñdê$n new VWm ‘mZd XmoZm| ‘| hr {‘bVm
h¡& {ZåZ H$mo{Q> Ho$ new ^r AnZo CÔoí¶ H$s ny{V© hoVw g‘ñ¶m H$m
g‘mYmZ H$aVo h¢& O¡go- Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ûmam {H$¶m J¶m {~ëbr na
à¶moJ, H$mohba H$m dZ‘mZwf VWm ~r.E’$. pñH$Za H$m Myho na {H$¶m
J¶m à¶moJ& ¶o g^r g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| AmVo h¢& ‘mdaa
Zo Z¡{‘{ÎmH$ AZw~ÝYZ H$mo g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s g§km Xr h¡, naÝVw
new-OJV ‘| gmYmaU g‘ñ¶m H$m hr hb hmo gH$Vm h¡& O{Q>b
g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ ‘mZd OJV ‘| hr gå^d h¡& ‘mZd H$s Vm{H©$H$
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
ep³V H$mo hr g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ H$m gmYZ H$hm J¶m h¡&
Vm{H©$H$ ep³V ‘| ì¶p³VJV {^ÝZVmE± ^r XoIr OmVr h¢& Hw$N> ì¶p³V
Xÿgam| H$s Anojm O{Q>b g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo OëXr hb H$a boVo h¢& BgH$m à‘wI
H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ CZ‘| O{Q>b g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo hb H$aZo H$s {deof ¶mo½¶Vm hmoVr
h¡& g‘ñ¶m H$m hb ^r EH$ ñVa na gå^d Zht& ‘mZd VWm new-OJV XmoZm| ‘|
hr g‘ñ¶m gå~ÝYr {d{^ÝZ ñVa {‘bVo h¢& ‘mZd-OJV ‘| g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ
Ho$ {ZåZ ñVa XoIo OmVo h¢-
1. g‘ñ¶m H$s CnpñW{V&
2. g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘PZm&
3. g‘ñ¶m Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| gyMZm EH$Ì H$aZm VWm CÝh| ì¶d[ñWV
H$aZm&
4. nyd©H$ënZm H$m ‘yë¶-{ZYm©aU H$aZm&
5. g‘mYmZ H$mo à¶moJ ‘| bmZm&
7.2.11 {ejH$ Ûmam ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ H$m {dH$mg
H«$mo VWm H«$mo H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ g’$b OrdZ¶mnZ Ho$ {bE ñnîQ> {MÝVZ H$s
¶mo½¶Vm Amdí¶H$ h¡& AVEd AܶmnH$ H$mo Bg ~mV H$m à¶mg H$aZm Mm{hE {H$
~mbH$m| H$s {MÝVZ ep³V H$m {dH$mg hmo& ~mbH$ H$s {MÝVZ ep³V H$m {dH$mg
H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Cnm¶ H$m‘ ‘| bmE Om gH$Vo h¢-
1. AܶmnH$ H$mo ~mbH$m| H$mo Bg ~mV H$m àmoËgmhZ XoZm Mm{hE {H$ do
{MÝVZ H$ao VWm AnZo {dMma IwbH$a àH$Q> H$ao&
2. H$m¡Vyhb Am¡a é{M BZ XmoZm| H$m ~mb-{MÝVZ H$s ÑpîQ> go ~‹S>m
‘hÎd h¡& {ejH$ ~mbH$m§o H$s BZ àd¥{Îm¶m| H$mo gXm OmJ«V² aIo&
3. ~mbH$m| H$mo CÎmaXm{¶ËdnyU© H$m¶© gm¢no OmZo Mm{hE, Vm{H$ do {MÝVZ
Ho$ {bE ào[aV hmo&
4. Bg ~mV H$m à¶mg {H$¶m OmE {H$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ ^mfm kmZ ‘| d¥{Õ
hmoVr aho, ³¶m|{H$ ^mfm H$m {MÝVZ H$s ÑpîQ> go ~‹S>m ‘hÎd h¡&
5. {ejm ~mbH$m| H$mo g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘PZo VWm g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ
H$s {Xem ‘| àmoËgm{hV H$ao& ‘agob H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m H$s
OmZH$mar VWm CgHo$ g‘mYmZ H$s ImoO-¶hr {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m
h¡ Am¡a ¶hr grIZo H$s ^r à{H«$¶m h¡&
6. AܶmnH$ H$mo {ejU Ho$ g‘¶ VWm narjm ‘| Eogo àíZ ~mbH$m| go
nyN>Zo Mm{hE, Omo CÝh| {MÝVZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$ao&
7. {MÝVZ H$m ‘w»¶ AmYma kmZ h¡, AVEd AܶmnH$ H$mo ~mbH$m| H$m
kmZ {dH${gV H$aZm Mm{hE&
8. AܶmnH$ H$mo Bg ~mV H$m à¶mg H$aZm Mm{hE {H$ ~mbH$ V϶m|
H$mo aQ>o Zht& aQ>Zo H$s àd¥{Îm {MÝVZ Ho$ ‘mJ© ‘| g~go ~‹S>r ~mYm h¡&
9. VH©$, dmX-{ddmX VÏmm g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ BZgo ~mbH$ {MÝVZ
H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV hmoVo h¢, Bg{bE {dÚmb¶m| ‘| ~mbH$m| H$mo BZ
~mVm| H$m Adga {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
10. {ZarjU, AZw^d Am¡a à¶moJ ¶o g^r ~mbH$ H$s {MÝVZ ep³V H$mo
{dH${gV H$aVo h¢& AVEd AܶmnH$m| H$mo ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE Eogr dñVwE±
OwQ>mZr Mm{hE VWm CÝh| Eogo ñWmZm| ‘| bo OmZm Mm{hE, Ohm± do
{ZarjU, AZw^d VWm à¶moJ H$a gHo$&
 àJʶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
11. AܶmnH$ H$mo AnZo {df¶ H$m AÀN>m kmZ hmoZo na hr N>mÌm| H$mo
dh Cg {df¶ H$mo R>rH$ àH$ma g‘Pm gH$Vm h¡& {df¶ H$m kmZ
XoVo g‘¶ N>mÌm| H$s {MÝVZ ep³V Ho$ {dH$mg na {ejH$ H$mo ܶmZ
XoZm Mm{hE&
12. {ejH$ H$mo n[apñW{V¶m± CËnÝZ H$aHo$ N>mÌm| H$mo {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE
A{^ào[aV H$aZm Mm{hE&
7.2.12 {MÝVZ à{H«$¶m
{MÝVZ à{H«$¶m H$m {ZåZ{b{IV Mma gmonmZm| ‘| {díbofU H$aHo$ AÀN>o T>§J go
g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. {H$gr bú¶ H$s Amoa CÝ‘wI hmoZm
ì¶p³V Ho$ gå‘wI O~ H$moB© g‘ñ¶m CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡, V~ dh Cg g‘ñ¶m H$m
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g‘mYmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {MÝVZ H$aVm h¡& {MÝVZ H$m bú¶ g‘ñ¶m H$mo Xÿa
H$aZm hmoVm h¡&
2. bú¶ àm{á Ho$ {bE à¶mg H$aZm
{MÝVZ ‘| ì¶p³V AnZo bú¶ H$mo àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE à¶mgaV ahVm h¡& CgH$m
à¶mg hmoVm h¡ {H$ erK«m{VerK« g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ hmo OmE&
3. nyd© AZw^dm| H$m ñ‘aU H$aZm
{MÝVZ ‘| ì¶p³V AnZo nwamZo AZw^dm| H$m nwZ… ñ‘aU H$aVm h¡, {Oggo CZHo$
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AmYma na dh dV©‘mZ g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo ‘| g‘W© hmo gHo$&
4. nyd© AZw^dm| H$mo dV©‘mZ g‘ñ¶m go g§¶mo{OV H$aZm
O~ ì¶p³V AnZo nyd© AZw^dm| Ho$ AmYma na dV©‘mZ g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ
ImoOZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡, V~ CgHo$ gå‘wI g‘ñ¶m Ho$ AZoH$ gå^m{dV
g‘mYmZ CnpñWV hmoZo bJVo h¢&
7.2.13 øyOmoO Ho$ AZwgma {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m
øyOmoO Ho$ AZwgma {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ Mma gmonmZ h¡, {OZH$m g§{já {ddaU
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{ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
1. g‘ñ¶m H$m AmH$bZ
{MÝVZ g‘ñ¶m Ho$ CËnÝZ hmoZo go àmaå^ hmoVm h¡& ‘yV© VWm A‘yV© g‘ñ¶mE±
{Okmgm Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go {MÝVZ H$m Amaå^ H$aVr h¢& Bg nX ‘| ‘yV© go A‘yV©
H$s Amoa ~‹T>m OmVm h¡&
2. gå~pÝYV V϶m| H$m g§H$bZ
g‘ñ¶m H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ ~mX CZ V϶m| H$mo EH$Ì {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Omo g‘ñ¶m H$m
H$maU ImoOZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢& V϶m| Ho$ g§H$bZ ‘| àoaUm H$m ^r ‘hÎd hmoVm h¡&
3. {ZîH$f© na nhþ±MZm
V϶m| H$m g§H$bZ H$a CZH$m {díbofU {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg {díbofU go {H$gr
{ZîH$f© na nhþ±Mm OmVm h¡&
4. {ZîH$f© H$m narjU
{MÝVZ go àmá n[aUm‘m| H$m narjU H$a CZH$s Om±M H$s OmVr h¡& Bggo
{MÝVZ H$s d¡YVm VWm {dídgZr¶Vm H$s narjm hmo OmVr h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 115
7.2.14 {MÝVZ H$m e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd
g’$b OrdZ Ho$ {bE {MÝVZ A˶ÝV Amdí¶H$ h¡& {MÝVZ dñVwV… ì¶p³V
H$s dh ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶m h¡, Omo Cgo Aݶ ì¶p³V¶m| go loîR> ~ZmVr h¡& e¡{jH$
AWdm ì¶mdgm{¶H$ joÌm| ‘| g’$bVm àmá H$aZo ‘| ì¶p³V H$s {MÝVZ ep³V
H$m ‘hÎdnyU© ¶moJXmZ ahVm h¡& AV… AܶmnH$m| H$mo ~mbH$m| H$s {MÝVZ ep³V
H$mo {dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ ¶Wmgå^d à¶mg H$aZo Mm{hE& à˶jrH$aU, {dñV¥V
AZw^d, à˶¶-{Z‘m©U, ^mfm {dH$mg, {dMma A{^ì¶p³V Am{X H$mo àmoËgm{hV
H$aHo$ AܶmnH$ ~mbH$m| H$s {MÝVZ ep³V Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ghm¶Vm H$a gH$Vo
h¢& ~mbH$m| H$s {Okmgm ep³V H$mo OmJ«V² H$aHo$ CZ‘| ܶmZ VWm é{M H$m
{dH$mg H$aHo$, àoaUm àXmZ H$aHo$, Xm{¶Ëd gm¢nH$a, dmX-{ddmX Ho$ Adga
àXmZ H$aHo$ VWm CZ‘| aQ>ÝV ñ‘aU H$r AmXV H$mo Xÿa H$aHo$ ^r ~mbH$m| H$s
{MÝVZ ep³V H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
7.3 NmÌ {H$g àH$ma grIVo h¢?
AZwXoemË‘H$ à{H«$¶m ‘| {dkmZ {ejH$ {d{dY g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m gm‘Zm H$aVo
h¢ Am¡a N>mÌm| Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| H${R>ZVm go g’$bVm {‘bVr h¢&
¶{X {ejH$ ¶h OmZ gHo$ {H$ N>mÌ {H$g àH$ma grIVo h¢, Vmo N>mÌm| H$s
~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg à{d{Y gab ~Z gHo$Jr& gmW hr gmW N>mÌ ¶h g‘P
gHo$ {H$ gyMZm H$mo {H$g àH$ma A{O©V {H$¶m Om¶o, Vmo AZwXoeZ gab hmo
gHo$Jm& N>mÌm| H$mo ñ‘¥{VH$aU Ho$ ñWmZ na gåà˶¶, gm‘mݶrH$aU, g‘ñ¶m
g‘mYmZ H$m¡eb VWm ‘yë¶ {ZYm©aU aUZr{V A{O©V H$aZr h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$
CÀM ñVar¶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE N>mÌm| VWm {dkmZ {ejH$m| H$mo kmZ H$s àm{á
H$s à{H«$¶m g‘PZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& N>mÌ kmZ H$m gwa{jV ^ÊS>maU H$a gHo$,
Amdí¶H$VmZwgma CgH$m à˶mñ‘aU H$a gHo$& Am¡a Cn¶w³V à¶moJ H$a gHo$,
Bgo à^mdr {ejU A{YJ‘ à{d{Y ‘mZm Om¶oJm& ¶{X N>mÌ A{O©V kmZ Ed§
H$m¡eb H$m à¶moJ ZdrZ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| H$a gHo$, Vmo ¶h EH$ CÎm‘ A{YJ‘
hmoJm& N>mÌm| H$mo {ddoMZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ A{O©V H$aZm hmoJm {Og‘| dh kmZ,
H$m¡eb H$m C{MV à¶moJ H$a gHo$&
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo g‘¶-g‘¶ na à¶moJ Am¡a AZw^d go ¶h OmZZo
H$m à¶mg {H$¶m h¡ {H$ N>mÌ H¡$go grIVm h¡? Am¡a CgHo$ {bE Hw$N> {gÕmÝV
{dH${gV {H$¶o h¢, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. {Z{‘©VdmX/kmZ g§aMZmdmX
2. AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘
3. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ
4. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ
5. ImoO
7.4 {Z{‘©VdmX/kmZ g§aMZmdmX
{Z{‘©VdmX H$s CËn{Îm g§kmZmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ joÌ go hþB© h¡& {Z{‘©VdmXr à{V‘mZ
OrZ {n¶mOo, bod dmBJmoËñH$s, Oo. Eg. ~«Zy a, hmadS>© JmS>Z© a VWm ZobgZ JwS>gZo
Ho$ H$m¶m} na AmYm[aV h¡& Om°Z S>rdr Ho$ AZw^d Ed§ {MÝVZ H$m ‘hÎd Ed§ {ejm
 n¥îR> 116 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| go gå~pÝYV {dMmam| H$m {Z{‘©VdmX na à^md h¢& Bg gÝX^©
‘| A{YJ‘ dh à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo {H$gr ì¶dñWm H$m Bg{bE ê$nmÝVa H$aVr h¡
{H$ {H$gr g‘pîQ> go {b¶o {H$¶o J¶o H$m¶m] Ho$ nadVu {ZînmXZ H$mo ݶyZm{YH$
An[adV©Zr¶ ê$n go gwYmam Om gHo$& {Z{‘©VdmX ‘| à˶oH$ N>mÌ H$s g{H«$¶Vm go
nyd© kmZ Ed§ ZdrZ kmZ H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m go kmZ H$s g§aMZm hmoVr h¡&
7.4.1 {Z{‘©VdmX H$m AW©
{Z{‘©VdmX EH$ Eogm {gÕmÝV h¡, Omo ¶h ‘mZVm h¡ {H$ kmZ H$m g§kmZr àm{U¶m|
Ho$ ~mha ApñVËd Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡, kmZ dmñV{dH$Vm/¶WmW© H$s g§aMZm h¡&
{Z{‘©VdmX H$s ‘w»¶ ‘mݶVm ¶h h¡ {H$ kmZ ~mha dñVwJV dmñV{dH$Vm ‘|
{dÚ‘mZ Zht h¡& kmZ grIZo dmbo N>mÌ Ûmam ‘Z hr ‘Z g§a{MV {H$¶m OmVm
h¡& grIZo dmbm N>mÌ O~ {H$gr ZdrZ pñW{V Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| AmVm h¡, Vmo CgHo$
nmg nyd© kmZ hmoVm h¡, Omo nwamZo AZw^dm| na AmYm[aV h¡, CgHo$ gånH©$ ‘|
AmVm h¡& ZdrZ kmZ H$s g§aMZm nyd© kmZ Ho$ EH$sH$aU go hmoVr h¡&
{Z{‘©VdmX nyd© A{YJ‘ Ed§ Z¶o A{YJ‘ H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go à˶oH$ N>mÌ
Ho$ Ûmam kmZ H$s g§aMZm Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo ~b XoVm h¡&
{Z{‘©VdmX EH$ {gÕmÝV h¡ {Og‘| N>mÌ H¡$go grIVo h¢, ñnîQ> {H$¶m OmVm
h¡& {Z{‘©VdmX ‘| N>mÌ A˶ÝV d¡¶p³VH$ T>J§ go kmZ H$m g{H«$¶ ê$n go g¥OZ Ed§
nwZJ©R>Z H$aVo h¢& BgHo$ {bE N>mÌ BZ AñWm¶r ~m¡{ÕH$ g§ê$nm§o H$mo gm‘m{OH$-
gm§ñH¥${VH$ gÝX^m] ‘| K{Q>V AnZo Am¡nMm[aH$ e¡j{UH$ AZw^dm|, ݶyZm{YH$
d¡¶p³VH$ {gÕmÝV VWm ~moY Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$m¶© H$aZo dmbo Aݶ AZoH$
à^mdm| na AmYm[aV H$aVm h¡& ¶h g‘ñV {H«$¶m ñnîQ> H$aVr h¡ {H$ OmZZo dmbo
H$s ì¶m»¶mË‘H$ AÝV…{H«$¶m VWm AmZw^m{dH$ V϶ Ûmam g§gma H$mo OmZm OmVm h¡&
{Z{‘©VdmX AZoH$ A{YJ‘ n[aàoú¶mo§ H$m g§íbofU h¡& {~«Q>oZ, AmñQ´>o{b¶m,
ݶyOrb¡ÊS> VWm A‘o[aH$m ‘| emoYH$Vm©Am| Zo Eo{Vhm{gH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m|, Xme©{ZH$m|
VWm emoYH$Vm©Am§§o Ho$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝVm| VWm {d{Y¶m| H$s gh{H«$¶m H$mo AmYw{ZH$
~Zm¶m h¡& {Z{‘©VdmXr {gÕmÝV ‘| Om°Z S>rdr Ho$ grYo AZw^d Ed§ {MÝVZ, ~«yZa
Ho$ {d{eîQ> AZw^d Ûmam {Z{‘©V Cn¶w³V ‘mZ{gH$ g§aMZmAm| na ~b XoZm
Am{X gpå‘{bV h¡& {Z{‘©VdmX Ho$ g‘W©Z ‘| AZoH$ emoY à‘mU h¢& {Z{‘©VdmX
Zo g‘ñV ^mfm Aܶ¶Z H$mo {~«Q>oZ ‘| à^m{dV {H$¶m h¡& BgH$m à^md J{UV
{ejU, {dkmZ {ejU na ^r h¡&
{Z{‘©VdmX Ho$ ~moY Ho$ {bE ‘Zmo{dkmZ, kmZ ‘r‘m§gm VWm Xe©Z Am{X
H$m Aܶ¶Z Amdí¶H$ h¡, ³¶m|{H$ {Z{‘©VdmXr {gÕmÝV ‘| BZH$s ‘w»¶ ^y{‘H$m h¡&
7.4.2 {Z{‘©VdmX Ho$ àH$ma
{ejm{dXm| Zo bJ^J ~mah {Z{‘©VdmXr {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ ‘moS²>¶yb H$s ì¶m»¶m H$s h¡,
{OZH$m AmYma ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ed§ kmZ-‘r‘m§gm h¡& {ejm ‘| {Z{‘©VdmX {gÕmÝV
Ho$ Xmo ‘yb àmê$n h¡-
1. {n¶mOo H$m g§kmZmË‘H$ {Z{‘©VdmX
OrZ {n¶mOo H$m H$m¶© g§kmZmË‘H$ {Z{‘©VdmX H$m AmYma h¡, {Og‘| {H$g àH$ma
{ejmWu d¡¶p³VH$ ê$n go AnZo g§gma ‘| ~m¡{ÕH$ g§aMZmAm| H$mo ñdrH$maVo h¢?
Bg‘| ì¶p³V AHo$bm AW© {ZH$mbVm h¡& {ejH$m| H$mo N>mÌm| ‘| {d{eîQ> H¥$˶m|
Ûmam H${R>ZmB© àñVwV H$aVo hþE g§kmZmË‘H$ n[adV©Z H$aZm Mm{hE&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
2. gm‘m{OH$ {Z{‘©VdmX
gm‘m{OH$ {Z{‘©VdmX ‘| ¶h ñdrH$mam J¶m h¡ {H$ kmZ Ho$ d¡¶p³VH$ Ed§
gm‘m{OH$ Xmo ^mJ h¢ Am¡a BÝh| {H$gr ^r AW©nyU© ê$n ‘§o AbJ go Zht XoIm
Om gH$Vm& ì¶p³V Xÿgam| H$s CnpñW{V ‘| kmZ H$s g§aMZm H$aVm h¡, Omo
n¶m©daU H$mo ^mfm, nyd© {ZYm©[aV gåà˶¶ VWm kmZ g¥OZ H$aZo Am¡a Cgo
naIZo H$s ñdrH¥$V {d{Y¶m| go {Z¶pÝÌV H$aVo h¢& AZoH$ {ejm{dX² g§kmZmË‘H$
Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ {Z{‘©VdmX n[aàoú¶ Ho$ Cn¶moJr g§íbofU na ~b XoVo h¢ VWm
¶h ñdrH$maVo h¢ {H$ kmZ H$s g§aMZm d¡¶p³VH$ ê$n go hmoVr h¡ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$
‘ܶñWVm go ñdrH$mar OmVr h¡&
Bg‘| Xmo à{d{Y¶m± h¢-
1. pñW{V kmZ
2. gm‘m{OH$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ kmZ&
¶o XmoZm| à{d{Y¶m± n¶m©daU Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| AW©nyU© EH$sH¥$V A{YJ‘
A{YJ‘ Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo àYmZVm XoVr h¢& pñW{V kmZ {Z{‘©VdmX ‘| ¶h nhMmZVo
h¢ {H$ N>mÌ gm‘m{OH$ n¶m©daU ‘| kmZ H$m ê$nmÝVaU H$aVo h¢ VWm Bg AÝV…
{H«$¶m go XmoZm| N>mÌ Ed§ n¶m©daU ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡& gm‘m{OH$ gm§ñH¥${VH$
kmZ {Z{‘©VdmX AW©nyU© EH$sH¥$V A{YJ‘ H$mo Ho$pÝÐV H$aVm h¡& ¶h à{d{Y
AW©nyU© H$m¶moª Ho$ {dH$mg na ~b XoVr h¡& BZ‘| AZoH$ {df¶m| H$mo gpå‘[bV
H$aHo$ à¶moJ ‘| bmVo h¢&
7.4.3 {Z{‘©VdmX go CËnÝZ e¡{jH$ {gÕmÝV
{Z{‘©VdmX go AZoH$ e¡[jH$ {gÕmÝVm| H$s ì¶wËn{Îm hþB© h¡, Hw$N> e¡{jH$ {gÕmÝV
{ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. AZwXoeZ H$m ‘w»¶ CÔoí¶ gåà˶¶ {dH$mg Ed§ JhZ ~moY h¡&
AZwXoeZ H$m AW© ‘mÌ H$m¡eb Ed§ ì¶dhma {dH$mg Zht h¡&
2. A{YJ‘ {Z{‘©VdmXr à{H«$¶m h¡, {Ogo N>mÌm| H$mo nyam H$aZm h¢& N>mÌ
g{H«$¶ {dÚmWu h¡& {ejm{dXm| H$m H$m¶© N>mÌm| H$mo dh Adga CnbãY
H$amZm h¡, {OZgo N>mÌ kmZ H$m {Z‘m©U H$a gHo$&
3. N>mÌm| ‘| g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ gå~pÝYV àmg§{JH$ ~moY Ho$ {Z‘m©U Ho$
{bE {ejH$m| H$mo AW©nyU© à‘m{UH$ {H«$¶mE± CnbãY H$amZm h¡&
4. {df¶-dñVw Am¡a A{YJ‘ à{d{Y XmoZm| H$m {MÝVZ gdm}n[a h¡&
5. gh¶moJr g‘yh Ûmam N>mÌm| Ho$ ~moY H$m narjU {H$¶m Om¶o VWm
{d{eîQ> g‘ñ¶m gå~pÝYV ~moY H$mo ~‹T>m¶m Om¶o&
6. {ejH$m| Ûmam N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE ZdrZ kmZ, Omo H$jm ‘| n‹T>m¶m J¶m h¡
VWm N>mÌm| Ho$ {dJV AZw^dm| ‘| gwñnîQ> gå~ÝY Omo‹S>m Om¶o& {ejH$
nmR> AWdm BH$mB© Ho$ ‘w»¶ gåà˶¶m| VWm {ddoMZmË‘H$ {~ÝXþAm|
H$m gå~ÝY gmam§e Ûmam, Aä¶mg Ûmam ~Zm¶o aIo&
7. nyd© kmZ Omo N>mÌ A{YJ‘ pñW{V ‘| Cn¶moJ ‘| bmVo h¢, gX¡d
gåà˶¶mË‘H$ ~moY H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¢, Bg nyd© kmZ H$mo nydm©J«h,
gab {gÕmÝV, d¡H$pënH$ T>m±Mm VWm {dMma ^«mpÝV H$hVo h¢&
8. {ejH$m| H$mo nydm©J«h Ûmam N>mÌm| Ho$ {MÝVZ H$mo MwZm¡Vr XoZr Mm{hE&
9. {Z[‘©VdmX nyd©kmZ Ho$ AZw^d Ho$ narjU na ~b XoVm h¡&
10. {Z{‘©VdmX H$m ‘yb {gÕmÝV h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V g{H«$¶ hmoH$a AnZo kmZ
H$s, g§aMZm H$s, ZdrZ kmZ H$s AnZo nyd© kmZ go VwbZm H$ao,
 àJʶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
{Oggo ZdrZ ~moY H$a gHo$&
11. AZoH {ejm{dX² {Z{‘©VdmX H$mo {dH$ën Ho$ ê$n ‘| boVo h¢, O¡go-
{Z{‘©VdmX H$s kmZ ‘r‘m§gm {df¶{ZîR>dmX H$m {dH$ën h¡& {Z{‘©VdmX
N>mÌ-Ho$pÝÐV h¡, Omo {ejH$-Ho$pÝÐV H$jm H$m {dH$ën h¡ VWm
e¡j{UH$ gÝX^© ‘| BgH$m ‘hÎd ~b A{YJ‘ H$s ImoO {d{Y¶m| na
h¡, Omo AZwXoemË‘H$ A{YJ‘ H$m {dH$ën h¡&
7.4.4 EH$ {Z{‘©VdmX àmê$n
{Z{‘©VdmX ‘| JhZ ~moY H$m à¶mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡& {ejm{dXm| H$m ‘V h¡ {H$
g‘ñV ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| CZH$m ñd¶§ H$m ~moY hmoVm h¡ VWm O~ VH$ do ñd¶§ Ho$
{bE g§aMZm Zht H$aVo, CÝh| {dídmg Zht hmoVm& EboZ VWm ~oH$Z (1994)
Ho$ AZwgma {Z{‘©VdmXr {gÕmÝV na AmYm[aV A{YJ‘ {ejU ‘m°S>b ~Zm¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡& N>mÌm| H$mo AÝdofU Ho$ {bE gw{dYmE± CnbãY H$am¶|, Vm{H$ do
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gm‘J«r H$mo ñd¶§ à¶moJ ‘| bm gHo$& CZgo àíZ nyN>o Am¡a N>mÌm| H$mo Cn¶moJr Ed§
CËnmXH$ àíZ nyN>Zo Ho$ {bE à[aV H$ao& N>mÌm| H$mo CZH$s ì¶m»¶m ‘| g§aMZm
hoVw CZHo$ {dMmam| ‘| g‘mZVm Ed§ AÝVa na {MÝVZ H$aZo Xo VWm CZHo$ {dMmam|
‘| gå~ÝYm| H$s g§aMZm H$aZo Xo& N>mÌm| Ho$ n¶m©daU, Q>o³Zmobm°Or Ho$ à¶moJ Ho$
{dMmam| H$mo ì¶mnH$Vm Xo, {Og‘| {dkmZ à{d{Y¶m±, H$m¡eb Ho$ à¶moJ na ~b
hmo& Bggo N>mÌm| Ho$ {MÝVZ H$mo àmoËgmhZ {‘boJm& CZHo$ {dMmam| VWm {MÝVZ
H$m¡ebm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| CÝho ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo Xo&
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7.4.5 {ejU {H«$¶mE±
N>mÌm| H$mo AÝdofU hoVw àmoËgmhZ Xo, g‘yh gh¶moJ, àíZ nyN>Zo na ~b Xo&
N>mÌm| go AÝV…{H«$¶m, CZHo$ {dMma OmZo, CÝh| gåà˶¶ g§aMZm ‘| gh¶moJ
Xo& ^m¡{VH$, ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶mAm| Ûmam N>mÌm| H$mo {dMmam| H$m {dñVma H$aZo Xo&
{dkmZ à{d{Y H$m¡ebm| Ho$ à¶moJ na ~b Xo& N>mÌm| Ho$ {dkmZ à{d{Y H$m¡ebm| Ho$
ñdm{‘Ëd Ed§ {dMmam| Ho$ n[adV©Z H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$ao& Bg‘| VËH$mb hmoZo dmbo
à¶moJm| na ~b Xo&
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7.4.6 {Z{‘©VdmX EH$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ àUmbr Ho$ ê$n ‘|
{Z{‘©VdmXr {ejU ‘§o {dkmZ {ejH$ {Z{‘©VdmXr {gÕmÝV Ho$ à¶moJ Ho$ {bE N>mÌm|
H$mo gh¶moJ Xo gH$Vo h¢& gm‘mݶV… {dkmZ {ejH$ kmZ g§aMZm gabrH$aU
H$aZo dmbm ì¶p³V h¡ Am¡a {ZåZ{b{IV ^y{‘H$m go dh N>mÌm| H$mo ~moY g§aMZm
‘| ghm¶Vm Xo gH$Vm h¡, {Og‘| H$jm ‘| hmoZo dmbr n[apñW{V¶m| H$mo g‘PZm
hmoJm, {OZgo kmZ H$m g¥OZ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a nwZ… g§aMZm hmoVr h¡-
1. gd©àW‘ N>mÌm| H$mo ¶h ñdrH$maZm hmoJm {H$ do kmZ H$m g¥OZ H$a
gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a ¶h g‘PZm hmoJm {H$ kmZ CZHo$ ~mha {dÚ‘mZ Zht
h¡& {ejH$ H$mo ¶h ñdrH$maZm h¡ {H$ O~ N>mÌ g§gma H$mo g‘P aho
h¢, Vmo do ZdrZ kmZ H$m g¥OZ H$a aho h¢& ¶{X N>mÌm| H$mo ~m¡{ÕH$
Adga {‘b|Jo, Vmo do {df¶dñVw H$mo g‘P|Jo Am¡a ñd¶§ ~moY A{O©V
H$ao§Jo& Bg à{H«$¶m ‘| {ejH$ EH$ ‘mJ©Xe©H$, àoaUm XoZo dmbm,
Adga CnbãY H$amZo dmbm, N>mÌm| Ho$ gmW ~moY {dH${gV H$aZo
dmbm ghm¶H$ h¡& N>mÌ {ejH$ Ho$ gmW AÝV…{H«$¶m Ûmam gåà˶¶,
eãXmdbr VWm Iob aUZr{V¶m| H$mo àmá H$aVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 117
2. ¶h ‘hÎdnyU© h¡ {H$ N>mÌ {H$g àH$ma {df¶dñVw H$mo H$m‘ ‘§o bmVo
h¢& N>mÌ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ à{d{Y Ûmam M¶{ZV gåà˶¶m| H$mo OmZZo
H$m à¶mg H$aVo hþE CZH$mo g‘P nmVo h¢& ¶h EH$ ~m¡{ÕH$ {H«$¶m h¡,
{Og‘| {df¶dñVw EH$sH¥$V h¡&
3. N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE {df¶dñVw Ed§ Cgo OmZZo H$s à{d{Y XmoZm| ‘hÎdnyU© h¢&
A{YH$ g‘¶ VH$ H$m¶©aV ahZo go ~moY hmoVm h¡& {dkmZ ‘| ge³V
gåà˶¶ M¶Z N>mÌm| H$mo ~moY ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoJm& {Z{‘©VdmXr A{YJ‘
XrK©H$mbrZ g{H«$¶Vm na ~b XoVm h¡, {Og‘| g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ {d{Y
H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m J¶m h¡& Bg {d{Y ‘| N>mÌ à‘mU EH${ÌV H$ao VWm
CZH$s ì¶m»¶m H$ao& {ejH$ H$s ^y{‘H$m N>mÌm| H$mo gw{dYmE± CnbãY
H$amZm h¡& N>mÌm| ‘| nyd© kmZ H$mo AmYma ‘mZH$a ZdrZ kmZ H$mo A{O©V
H$aZm ‘hÎdnyU© h¡, {Og‘| ImoO AmYm[aV àíZ, {H«$¶mE± gpå‘{bV
h¢ AWm©V² {ejH$ CÀM H$m¡eb àmá A{YJ‘ gabrH$aU H$aZo dmbm
h¡& {Z{‘©VdmXr g§ñH¥${V ‘| {ejH$ Am¡a N>mÌ nmañn[aH$ ~mVMrV go
grIVo h¢ VWm N>mÌm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z CZHo$ {ZînmXZ na AmYm[aV h¡,
Bg{bE {Z{‘©VdmXr H$jm H$mo EH$ g§ñH¥${V ñdrH$mam J¶m h¡&
7.5 AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘
A{YJ‘ AZw^d Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go K{Q>V hmoVm h¡& ~mbH$ H$m g§gma, {deof ê$n go
àmW{‘H$ embm ‘|, g§doXr-J˶mË‘H$ g§gma hmoVm h¡& dh CZ dñVwAm| ‘| é{M
boVm h¡, {OÝh| dh XoI gH$Vm h¡, gwZ gH$Vm h¡, ñne© H$a gH$Vm h¡, {OZH$m
ñdmX bo gH$Vm h¡, {Z¶mo{OV H$a gH$Vm h¡, ~Zm gH$Vm h¡, H$a gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a
Om±M H$a gH$Vm h¡ AWm©V² à¶moJ H$a gH$Vm h¡& Omo AZw^d ~mbH$ Ho$ VwaÝV
H$ë¶mU go gå~pÝYV Zht hmoVo AWdm g‘¶ Am¡a Xÿar Ho$ AmYma na XÿañW
hmoVo h¢, CZ AZw^dm| ‘| ~mbH$ H$s é{M Zht ahVr& ‘mܶ{‘H$ ñHy$b ñVa H$s
AdñWm ‘| ¶o é{M¶m± n[ad{V©V hmo gH$Vr h¢, {H$ÝVw AZw^d H$s Amdí¶H$Vm
à‘wI ‘hÎd H$s hr ~Zr ahVr h¡& ~mbH$ Ho$ Amapå^H$ dfm] ‘| AZw^d H$s
gdm©{YH$ Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘ H$mo AZw^d Ûmam grIZm
¶m AZw^d go grIZm Ho$ ê$n ‘| n[a^m{fV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
7.5.1 AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘ H$s àH¥${V
AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘ H$s àH¥${V H$m {ZYm©aU {ZåZ{b{IV H$maH$m| go hmoVm h¡-
1. H$aHo$ grIZm
BgHo$ AÝVJ©V H$m¶© H$aZo Am¡a à˶j AZw^d H$mo ‘hÎd {X¶m OmVm h¡&
à¶moJembm H$m¶©, IobHy$X à{ejU, d¥jmamonU Am{X BgHo$ AZoH$ CXmhaU
{XE Om gH$Vo h¢&
2. X¡{ZH$ AZw^d Ho$ Ûmam ì¶p³VJV A{YJ‘
A{YJ‘ Ho$ AÝVJ©V ì¶p³V H$m AnZo AZw^dm| H$s {deofVmAm|, àmê$nm| Am¡a
n[aUm‘m| go AdJV hmoZm AmVm h¡&
3. AmZw^{dH$ gm‘m{OH$ g‘yh à{H«$¶mE±
AZw^d Ûmam grIZo H$m {dñVma, gm‘m{OH$ H$m¡ebm| Ho$ grIZo VH$ {H$¶m
J¶m h¡&
 n¥îR> 118 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
4. H$jm ‘| AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘
g‘yh à{H«$¶m J{V{d{Y¶m| go, {Og‘| H$B© ZdrZ AÝVd£¶p³VH$ H$m¶©H$bmn
gpå‘{bV hmoVo h¢; H$jm A{YJ‘ g§d¥Õ hmoVm h¡& ^y{‘H$m A{^Z¶, Iob d
AZwê$nU VWm ‘yë¶ Aä¶mg Am{X go A{YJ‘H$Vm© H$mo R>mog AZw^d àmá hmoVo
h¢, {OgHo$ àH«$‘U Ho$ níMmV² g§kmZmË‘H$ n[adV©Z Vmo hmoVm hr h¡, gmW hr
A{^d¥{Îm Ed§ ì¶dhma ‘| ^r n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡&
Aݶ H$m¶©H$bmnm| ‘| lì¶-Ñí¶ gmYZm| H$m BñVo‘mb, H$bm, ZmQ>H$,
g§JrV, Z¥Ë¶ Am¡a Iob gpå‘{bV h¢&
7.5.2 H$m°~ Ho$ AZwgma AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘ H$s AdñWmE±
H$m°~ Zo AZwgma AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘ H$r Mma AdñWmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. R>mog ì¶p³VJV AZw^d&
2. Cg AZw^d H$m àojU Am¡a ‘ZZ&
3. A‘yV© AdYmaUmE± Am¡a gm‘mݶrH$aU&
4. g{H«$¶ à¶moJrH$aU AWm©V² ZdrZ pñW{V¶m| ‘| gm‘mݶrH$aU H$m narjU&
Bg Mma AdñWr¶ MH«$ H$mo EH$ CXmhaU Ûmam g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¢-
O~ gXu ‘| ~ÀMo H$mo R>ÊS> bJVr h¡, V~ ‘m± Cgo ñdoQ>a nhZZo Ho$ {bE XoVr h¡&
Cgo ñdoQ>a go J‘u {‘bVr h¡& CgH$s R>ÊS> H$‘ hmoVr h¡& ¶h R>mog AZw^d H$s
nhbr AdñWm h¡& ñdoQ>a, em°b Am{X J‘© H$n‹S>m| go ~ÀMm Bg V϶ H$m àojU
H$aVm h¡& ¶h Xÿgar AdñWm& CgHo$ àojU go Cgo gm‘mݶrH$aU ‘| ghm¶Vm
{‘bVr h¡ {H$ J‘© H$n‹S>o R>ÊS> H$‘ H$aVo h¢ ¶h Vrgar AdñWm h¡& ApÝV‘
AdñWm dh h¡, O~ ~ÀMm J‘© H$n‹S>m| Ho$ gmW à¶moJ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a AnZo Hw$Îmo
Ho$ Mmam| Amoa J‘© H$n‹S>m bnoQ>Vm h¡&
EH$ {ejH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| h‘| AZw^d Bg àH$ma Am¶mo{OV H$aZo Mm{hE,
{Oggo ~mbH$ H$mo AZw^d H$s Mmam| AdñWmAm| go {ZH$bZo Ho$ Adga {‘bo&
BZ‘| go H$moB© EH$ AdñWm ghr ê$n go A{YJ‘ H$m {Z‘m©U Zht H$aVr&
7.5.3 A{YJ‘ H$mo gwJ‘ ~ZmZo dmbo AZw^d
1. CX²^mgZ
XoIZm, àojU H$aZm, gy±KZm, ñdmX MIZm, ñne© H$aZm, ܶmZ go XoIZm,
à{V{H«$¶m H$aZm, nhMmZZm&
2. gh^m{JVm
àojU, {ddoMZm H$aZm, AÝdofU H$aZm, AmH$bZ H$aZm, g§H$ënZm H$aZm,
{ZXo{eV H$aZm, Aܶ¶Z H$aZm, AZw‘m{ZV H$aZm, g§Mm{bV H$aZm, H«$‘~Õ
H$aZm, g§J«h H$aZm, à{Vê${nV H$aZm, n[a^m{fV H$aZm, gwZZm&
3. A{^kmZ
gmhM¶© ñWm{nV dJuH$aU H$aZm, dJuH¥$V H$aZm, ì¶m»¶m H$aZm, à¶moJ H$aZm,
‘mZ{MÌU, AZw‘m{ZV H$aZm, AZwà¶wp³V, nhMmZ, AÝdofU H$aZm, {bIZm,
{MÌ ~ZmZm, n[aH$ënZm {Z‘m©U, MmQ>© ~ZmZm, n‹T>Zm, gyMZm Ho$ {bE àojU&
4. AmÝVarH$aU (ì¶m»¶m)
{díbofU H$aZm, VwbZm H$aZm ¶m g§jonU, ImoO~rZ H$aZm ({ZJ‘Z {ZîH$f©U),
{d^oXZ H$aZm, gm‘mݶrH$aU, JhZ N>mZ~rZ, ñWmZmÝVaU&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
5. {dñVmaU
gåàofU, àX{e©V H$aZm, àñVwVrH$aU, A{^ào[aV H$aZm&
7.5.4 AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE e¡j{UH$ H$m¶©Zr{V¶m±
AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘ Ho$ CÔoí¶m|o H$s àm{á Ho$ {bE ~mbH$m| H$mo dm§{N>V Adga
àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$mo {ejU-H$m¶©Zr[V {Z¶mo{OV H$aZr Mm{hE&
bo³Ma/ì¶m»¶mZ {d{Y¶m| H$s OJh A{YH$ AÝV{H«©$¶mË‘H$ ¶m H$m¶©H$bmnm|
na AmYm[aV {d{Y¶m± à¶moJ H$aZr Mm{hE& EH$-Va’$m gåàofU Ho$ ñWmZ na
XmoVa’$m AWdm ~hþVa’$m gåàofU H$m à¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE& {ejU gmYZm|/
gm‘J«r H$mo H$‘ H$aHo$ A{YJ‘ gmYZm|/gm‘J«r H$mo à¶w³V H$aZm Mm{hE&
do H$m¶©Zr{V¶m± AnZmZr Mm{hE {OZgo {dÚmWr© H$m g§gma ‘| Am‘Zm-
gm‘Zm hmo gHo$& BgHo$ ~mX MMm©, ñnîQ>rH$aU Ed§ {ddoMZm Ho$ {bE n¶m©á g‘¶
XoZm Mm{hE& ^y{‘H$m A{^Z¶ Iob, AZwê$nU, Aä¶mg O¡gr H$m¶©Zr{V¶m±,
AZw^d àmá H$aZo, ‘hgyg H$aZo Am¡a ‘hÎd g‘PZo Ho$ Adga àXmZ H$aVr h¢&
à¶moJembm H$m¶©, joÌ-^«‘U, MMm©E±, ZmQ>H$sH$aU, go[‘Zma VWm n[a¶moOZmE±,
do {d[Y¶m± h¢ {OZgo {dÚmWu A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶mAm| ‘| g{H«$¶ ^mJrXma hmoVm h¡
Am¡a AnZo A{YJ‘ H$mo A{YH$ MwZm¡VrnyU©, AmZÝX‘¶ Am¡a gmhgnyU© ~ZmVm h¡&
AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘ H$mo à^mdr ~ZmZo hoVw {ejH$ Ûmam {ejU ‘| ImoO
à{ejU ‘m°S>b Ed§ AdYmaUm CnbpãY ‘m°S>b H$m à¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE& ñd¶§
AZw^d H$aHo$ N>mÌ ~ohVa VarHo$ go grI nmVo h¢& {d{^ÝZ {H«$¶mH$bmn, Omo
{dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m ‘| g{H«$¶ ^mJrXma ~ZmVo h¢, CÝh| g§d{Õ©V
AZw^d ^r àXmZ H$aVo h¢& AV… {ejU ‘o§ Eogo H$m¶©H$bmnm| H$m Am¶moOZ Adí¶
{H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE& Bggo N>mÌ é{Mnyd©H$ {ejU à{H«$¶m ‘| g{H«$¶ ahVo hþE
A{YJ‘ H$a gH|$Jo&
7.6 g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam H$jm ‘| N>mÌm| H$mo AW©nyU© A{YJ‘ CnbãY H$amZm
gå^d h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$mo {ejm H$m A˶ÝV AmemOZH$ ZdmMma
ñdrH$mam J¶m h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ N>mÌm| H$mo gyMZm g§J{R>V H$aZo Ho$ {bE
à˶j Ñí¶ àñVwV H$aVo h¢&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ EH$ g§{H«$¶ A{YJ‘ gmYZ h¡ Am¡a {d{^ÝZ
ê$n go BgH$m à¶moJ {ejU ‘| gå^d h¡, O¡go-{Z¶moOZ, {ejU, g§emoYZ
VWm ‘yë¶m§H$Z& AmO g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$mo {ejU ‘| EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© A{V
g§kmZmË‘H$ CnH$aU ñdrH$mam J¶m h¡& Bg Aܶm¶ ‘| g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$m
AW©, {dH${gV H$aZo H$s {d{Y VWm H$jm ‘| BgHo$ à¶moJ na n[aMMm© H$s JB© h¡&
~moY EH$ ¶mo½¶Vm h¡ {Og‘| {H$gr gåà˶¶, {dMma AWdm g‘ñ¶m H$s
àH¥${V, ‘hÎd Ed§ ì¶m»¶m H$s g‘P Am¡a CgH$m ñnîQ> gånyU© d¡Mm[aH$ kmZ
H$s CnbãYVm hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¢& g§{já ‘| ~moY g‘P H$s ¶mo½¶Vm h¡&
~moY, nyd© A{O©V kmZ H$mo ZdrZ AZw^dm| Ed§ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘|o à¶moJ
‘| bmZo H$s CnbpãY h¡& ~moY, N>mÌm| ‘| d¡¶[³Vd$ Ed§ n¶m©daUr¶ AZwHy$bVm
H$mo gj‘ ~ZmVm h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam ~moY A{O©V H$aZm EH$ e¡{jH$
ZdmMma h¡& {OgHo$ Ûmam AW©nyU© A{YJ‘ A{O©V H$aVo h¡& AW©nyU© A{YJ‘ ‘|
 àJʶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
N>mÌ AZwXoeZ Ho$ H$maU nyd© kmZ H$m ZdrZ kmZ go gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$aVo h¡&
Bg à{H«$¶m ‘| N>mÌ ZdrZ AW© àmá H$aVo h¢& ¶h Cg {dMma H$m ~moY h¡& Bg
à{H«$¶m go kmZ ‘| gVV² d¥{Õ hmoVr h¢, {Og‘| nyd© kmZ go ZdrZ kmZ g§¶moOZ
~ZVm h¡& ’$bñdê$n Bg à{H«$¶m ‘| aQ>Zo na H$‘ ~b hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ~moY gab
hmoVm h¡& {ejm H$m AW© N>mÌm| H$mo grIZo ‘| ZdrZ AW© Ty>±‹T>Zm h¡, {Ogo h‘
AW©nyU© A{YJ‘ H$hVo h¢& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam grIZo ‘| VrZ àH$ma Ho$
kmZ H$m à¶moJ hmoVm h¡- V϶, gåà˶¶ Ed§ gm‘mݶrH$aU&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam {ejU ‘| gwYma gå^d h¡ Am¡a N>mÌm| ‘|
{dÚ‘mZ {dMma ^«mpÝV¶m| H$mo Xÿa {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Bg joÌ ‘| emoYH$Vm©
{Z{‘©VdmX ‘| g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$s CËn{Îm XoIVo h¢, {Oggo ¶h {d{XV hmoVm
h¡ {H$ N>mÌ ñd¶§ H$s ì¶p³VJV {d{eîQ>Vm go gåà˶¶m| H$m ~moY H$aVo h¢&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {dH${gV H$aZo H$mo ~moY Ho$ {bE EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© {ZX}emË‘H$
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aUZr{V ñdrH$mam J¶m h¡& {ejU ‘| ~moY H$s {d{dY aUZr{V¶m| H$mo à¶moJ ‘|
bm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& O¡go-grIZo Ho$ {bE boIZ, g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ~ZmZm,
~moY Ho$ {bE dmMZ, {MÌm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZm, g‘yh H$m¶© Ûmam ì¶m»¶m VWm
{MÌm| Ed§ ‘m°S>b Ûmam gåà˶¶ ñnîQ> H$aZm&
ì¶p³V H$s ¶mo½¶Vm VWm {MÝVZ, à{d{Y¶m| H$s OmZH$mar VWm CgH$m|
‘m°[ZQ>a H$aZm hr A{V-g§kmZ h¡& EH$ A{V g§kmZr ì¶p³V AnZo {MÝVZ Ed§
A{YJ‘ na {dMma H$aHo$ CZ‘| Amdí¶H$ n[adV©Z H$a boVm h¡& Bg àH$ma dh
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AZdaV g’$bVm àmá H$aVm h¡& AV… A{V-g§kmZ g’$b ì¶p³V¶m| go Ow‹S>m
hþAm h¡& ñd-{Z¶‘Z BgH$m ‘hÎdnyU© H$m¡eb h¡&
ñd¶§ Ho$ {MÝVZ AWdm A{YJ‘ H$s OmZH$mar H$s ¶mo½¶Vm H$mo
A{Vg§kmZ H$hVo h¢, Omo ñd-{Z^©aVm Ed§ g¥OZmË‘H$Vm Ho$ ZdrZ nj {XImVo
h¢& Bg‘| CÎm‘ {MÝVZerb ì¶p³V AnZo {MÝVZ ‘| gwYma bm gH$Vo h¢, ³¶m|{H$
dh {d{Y ñd¶§ na bmJy hmoVr h¡& ¶h {MÝVZ H$mo Xÿgao ñVa na bo OmVr h¡&
ñd-{Z¶‘Z EH$ Eogm H$m¡eb h¡, Omo g~ na (ñd¶§ na ^r) bmJy hmoVm h¡& Amn
AnZo Ûmam àñVwV ì¶m»¶m H$mo ‘m°[ZQ>a H$a gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a Cg‘| dm§{N>V gwYma
www.praganya.org
H$a gH$Vo h¢& ñd-{Z¶‘Z EH$ g§kmZmË‘H$ H$m¡eb h¡, {OgH$mo à‘wIVm go
^mdZmË‘H$ ‘Z…pñW{V H$m ^mJ ñdrH$mam J¶m h¡& Bg‘| gOJVm go ñd¶§ H$s
g§kmZmË‘H$ à{H«$¶mAm| H$mo ‘m°[ZQ>a H$a gH$Vo h¢& Bg‘| ghH$m¡eb, O¡go-ñd-
narjU Ed§ ñd-gwYma gpå‘{bV h¡&
{ejH$ H$mo N>mÌmo§ ‘| ñd-A[YJ‘ H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV H$aZo H$m CÎmaXm{¶Ëd
{dH${gV H$aZm Mm{hE& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘|, A{V g§kmZ H$m¡eb VWm aUZr{V H$s
OmZH$mar N>mÌm| H$mo XoZr Mm{hE, {Oggo N>mÌ ñd¶§ H$s g§kmZmË‘H$ {H«$¶mAm|
H$mo ‘m°[ZQ>a H$a gHo$& Bg àH$ma Ho$ H$m¡eb nmR²>¶M¶m© Ho$ {H$gr ^r àH$aU
‘| {dH${gV {H$¶o Om gH$Vo h¢& Bg àH$ma Ho$ Hw$N> H$m¡eb {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. ñd-àíZ H$aZm
2. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {dH${gV H$aZm
3. ñd-‘yë¶m§H$Z
7.6.1 g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$m AW©
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ EH$ AmboIr {MÌ àUmbr h¡, {Oggo gåà˶¶m| Ho$ gh-
gå~ÝY H$m ~moY hmoVm h¡& gZ² 1960 Ho$ XeH$ ‘| Omogo’$ S>r. ZmodH$ Zo H$mZ}b
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 119
{díd{dÚmb¶ ‘| g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ VH$ZrH$s H$m Aܶ¶Z àmaå^ {H$¶m Wm&
CZH$m H$m¶© S>o{dS> Amgw~ob Ho$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝVm| na AmYm[aV h¢, {Og‘|
ZdrZ gåà˶¶ grIZo Ho$ {bE nyd©kmZ Ho$ ‘hÎd na ~b {X¶m J¶m h¡& ZmodH$
Ho$ AZwgma AW©nyU© A{YJ‘ ‘| ZdrZ gåà˶¶m| H$m AmË‘rH$aU VWm g§¶moOZ
CnpñWV g§kmZmË‘H$ aMZmAm§o ‘| gpå‘{bV h¡& ZmodH$ (1977, 1984) Zo
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {dH${gV H$aZo H$s {d{Y H$mo ñnîQ> {H$¶m h¡, {Og‘| N>mÌ
àm¶mo{JH$ H$m¶© H$aVo hþE {d{^ÝZ gåà˶¶m| ‘| gh-gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$a gHo$&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ EH$ àH$ma H$m Xmo Am¶m‘r AmboIr aoIm{MÌ h¡, Omo {d{^ÝZ
gåà˶¶m| ‘| gh-gå~ÝY Omo‹S>Vm h¡&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ boIm{MÌ Ûmam kmZ H$mo àñVwV H$aZo H$s VH$ZrH$
h¡& kmZ aoIm{MÌ gåà˶¶m| H$s ûm¥§IbmAm| ‘| J«pÝW¶m± VWm H${‹S>¶m± EH$b
AWdm Xmo {XemË‘H$ hmo gH$Vr h¡& gåà˶¶m| Ed§ H${‹S>¶m| H$mo loÊrm~Õ {H$¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡, O¡g-ghMa, {d{eîQ> AWdm A{Z¶{‘V AWdm AñWm¶r Am{X&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ nyU© {dH${gV hmoZo na EH$ boIm{MÌ X¥í¶ h¡, Omo {H$gr
àH$aU AWdm {df¶ na g¥OZ H$aZo dmbo H$m {MÝVZ àñVwV H$aVm h¡&
{H$gr ì¶p³V Ûmam kmZ {H$g àH$ma g§J{R>V {H$¶m OmVm h¢, Eogr
pñW{V H$mo g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam àñVwV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ‘m{Q>©Z (1994)
Ho$ AZwgma, g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ g§kmZmË‘H$ g§aMZm Ho$ {Û-Am¶m‘r {MÌU
h¢, Omo {H$gr {df¶ AWdm àH$aU Ho$ gåà˶¶m| H$s loUr~ÕVm VWm AÝV…
gå~ÝY {XImVo h¢& ¶h àX{e©V H$aVo h¢ {H$ ì¶p³V {H$g àH$ma kmZ H$mo
g§J{R>V H$aVm h¡&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþE gåà˶¶ A‘yV© YmaUmE±
h¢& Xÿgar Amoa g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ¶h Kmo{fV H$aZo dmbo AmboIr {ZX}eZ h¢
{H$ H$moB© EH$b gåà˶¶ Cgr loUr Ho$ Aݶ gåà˶¶m| H$o gmW {H$g àH$ma
gå~pÝYV h¢ ?
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ, {OÝh| AmWu g¶wO Am¡a ‘mZg ‘mZ{MÌ Ho$ ê$n ‘|
ämr ‘mZm OmVm h¢, {ejmWu Ho$ gåà˶¶m| Ho$ ~rM g§¶moOZm| Am¡a gå~ÝYm| Ho$
~moY H$mo AmaoIr¶ ê$n ‘| {Zê${nV H$aZo H$m EH$ VarH$m h¡&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {H$gr {df¶ AWdm kmZ Ho$ joÌ Ho$ boIm{MÌr¶
‘mZ{MÌ h¢, {OZgo {d{^ÝZ gåà˶¶m| H$m gh-gå~ÝY Xem©¶m OmVm h¡&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ‘w»¶ {dMmam| H$m X¥í¶ CXmhaU h¢& EH$ g§H$ënZm
‘mZ{MÌ {d{dY AYrZñW gån«Ë¶¶mo H$m AZwH«${‘H$ gå~ÝYr AYrZñW
(à‘wI,) gåà˶¶m| go {XImVo h¢& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ d¡¶p³VH$ N>mÌ Ûmam
a{MV kmZ H$s {dbjU g§aMZmE± h¢&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {dMmam|/gåà˶¶m| H$m gh-gå~ÝY {XImVo h¢,
{Oggo g‘ñV gåà˶¶m| H$mo EH$ gmW g‘J«Vm ‘| XoIZo ‘| gabVm ahVr h¡&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {d{^ÝZ {dMmam| ‘| Ñí¶ {MÌ ñWm{nV H$aHo$ CZHo$
g§¶moOZ H$mo g‘PZo ‘| ghm¶Vm H$s VH$ZrH$ h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ AmnH$mo -
1. {dMmam| ‘| g§¶moOZ XoIZo Ho$ {bE
2. {dMmam| H$mo kmZ go Omo‹S>Zo Ho$ {bE
3. {dMmam| H$mo Vm{H©$H$ T>§J go g§J{R>V H$aZo Ho$ {bE EH$ {d{Y h¡&
‘mZ{MÌ EH$ JwÀN>o H$s Vah {XImB© XoVo h¢ Am¡a {dMmam| Ho$ gh-gå~ÝY
H$mo {XImVo h¢& ZmodH$ (1993) Ho$ AZwgma-
 n¥îR> 120 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
EH$ g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ dh {Û-Am¶m‘r gyMZm à{V{Z{Y h¡, Omo Xmo AWdm Xmo go
A{YH$ gåà˶¶m| ‘| gh-gå~ÝY {XImVo h¢&
O~ N>mÌ EH$ AYrZñW (à‘wI) gåà˶¶ Ho$ Amgnmg kmZ go
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ~ZmVo h¢, Vmo do ZdrZ AÝVÑ©pîQ> àmá H$aVo h¢& ¶h {dMma
ZmodH$ Ed§ Jmo{dZ (1984) Ûmam g‘W©Z àmá h¡& CZH$m ‘V h¡ {H$ N>mÌ Ed§
{ejH$ EH$ ZdrZ gh-gå~ÝY H$mo nhMmZVo h¢, Omo CÝhm§Zo o nhbo Zht XoIm Wm&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ à˶oH$ Am¶w Ho$ N>mÌ H$mo {gIm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡
Am¡a BgHo$ Ûmam N>mÌm| H$r ¶mo½¶VmAm| O¡go {dMmam| H$m {Z¶‘Z Ed§ àñVwVrH$aU
‘§o d¥{Õ hmoVr (pñQ>H$, 1987) h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {dkmZ, ^mfm {ejU ‘|
à¶moJ ‘| {b¶o J¶o h¢&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ~ZmZm EH$ à{d{Y h¡, {Og‘| AmnHo$ A{YJ‘ Am¡a
~moY Ho$ {bE kmZ H$s d¥{Õ H$m g§JR>Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {H$gr
{df¶ ‘| EH$ {MÌ aoIm h¡, {Og‘| {dMmam| H$m g§JR>Z H$aZm Am¡a gh-gå~ÝY
{XImZm h¡&
7.6.2 g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ³¶m| {dH${gV {H$¶o OmE?
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ EH$ àH$ma H$m kmZ {MÌU H$aZm h¡& Om°ZgZ VWm J«o~moñH$s
(1993) H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ g§aMZmË‘H$ kmZ H$mo EH$ {^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ kmZ Ho$
ê$n ‘| XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡&
g§aMZmË‘H$ kmZ H$mo A{YH$Va EH$ àH$ma Ho$ gåà˶¶ ‘mZ{MÌ ‘|
{M{ÌV {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Omo Ñí¶ ê$n go (ñnîQ>V¶m) Cg kmZ nj Ho$ {dMmam|
Ho$ gh-gå~ÝY H$m dU©Z H$aVo h¢& Bg àH$ma kmZ H$mo ñnîQ> ê$n go gåà˶¶
‘mZ{MÌ Cg kmZ nj H$m D$nar Ñí¶ {XImVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ J«pÝW ‘mÌ g§Ho$V
eãX {XImVo h¢ Am¡a A{YH$ ì¶m»¶m Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ AZoH$ CÔoí¶mo§ Ho$ {bE à¶moJ ‘| bm¶o OmVo h¢-
1. ZdrZ {dMma {dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ {bE&
2. O{Q>b g§aMZmAm| H$r ê$naoIm ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE&
3. O{Q>b {dMmam| Ho$ gåàofU Ho$ {bE&
4. ZdrZ Ed§ nyd© kmZ H$mo EH$sH¥$V H$aHo$ ñnîQ>Vm go grIZo Ho$ {bE&
5. ~moY ‘| ghm¶Vm Ho$ {bE&
6. {dMma ^«mpÝV Ho$ {ZXmZ Ho$ {bE&
7.6.3 g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ gmonmZ
ao eoZoS>a Ho$ AZwgma h‘ g~ {H$gr Z {H$gr {dMma H$m ‘mZ{MÌ AnZo ‘pñVîH$
‘| CËnÝZ H$aVo h¢& O~ h‘mao ‘Z ‘| g§doXZm hmo, Vmo h‘ {dídmg‘V ~ZmZm
àmaå^ H$a XoVo h¢& ¶h {dH${gV {H$¶m hþAm ‘V h‘mam AnZm hmoVm h¡ VWm
^mfm Ûmam Cgo Xÿgam| Ho$ gmW ~m±Q>Vo h¢& Bg à{H«$¶m H$mo g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$hm
J¶m h¡& ¶h ‘mÌ {dH${gV ‘V H$mo {Zê${nV H$aVm h¡, {Oggo h‘ Bgo A{YH$
AÀN>m g‘P gHo$ Am¡a à¶moJ ‘| bm gHo$&
EH$ g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ gånyU© {df¶ Ho$ {bE, EH$ BH$mB© Ho$ {bE
AWdm EH$ àH$aU Ho$ {bE {dH${gV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ
{dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$mobhZ Am¡a ³bmH©$ (1990) Zo AZoH$ gmonmZ ñnîQ>
{H$¶o h¢-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
1. {Og {df¶ AWdm àH$aU na g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {dH${gV H$aZm
h¡, CgH$m ì¶mnH$ Aܶ¶Z H$s{OE& Cg‘| go 10-15 gåà˶¶m|
H$m M¶Z H$s{OE VWm CZ‘| go Ho$ÝÐr¶ {dMma (gåà˶¶) H$mo
nhMm{Z¶o& ¶h Ho$ÝÐr¶ {dMma Aݶ gåà˶¶m| go AW©nyU© T>§J go
gå~pÝYV h¡ AWm©V² gd©àW‘ g‘ñV gåà˶¶m| Ho$ Zm‘ {b{I¶o&
CXmhaU- àH$me g§íbofU, amgm¶{ZH$ D$Om©, gm¡a D$Om©, hao
nm¡Yo H$m h[aV bdH$, àH$m{eH$ nX, Ob, hmBS´>moOZ, H$m~©Z S>mB
Am°³gmBS>, AàH$m{eH$ nX&
2. BZ gåà˶¶m| Ho$ Abmdm ¶{X H$moB© {d{eîQ> V϶ (CXmhaU), Omo
N>mÌm| Ho$ grIZo Ho$ {bE A{Zdm¶© h¡ Cgo ^r {b{IE&
3. M¶{ZV gåà˶¶m| H$s Vm{bH$m ‘| go AYrZñW (à‘wI) gåà˶¶
H$mo nhMmZo Am¡a g~go D$na {bIo& CXmhaU- àH$me g§íbofU&
4. AYrZñW gåà˶¶ Ho$ ZrMo àW‘ ñVa Ho$ AYrZñW gåà˶¶m|
H$mo ì¶dpñWV H$ao& Bg ñVa na g§¶moOZ AWdm Omo‹S>Zo dmbo eãX,
O¡go- XoVm h¡, àH$ma, BZ‘| go h¡, H$a gH$Vm h¡ Am{X H$m à¶moJ
H$ao, {OZgo à‘wI gåà˶¶ Ed§ AYrññW gåà˶¶m| ‘| Cn¶w³V
gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo gHo$&
5. EH$ ~ma g‘mZ gåà˶¶m| H$s nhMmZ hmoZo Ho$ ~mX AYrZñW
gåà˶¶m| H$mo ì¶dpñWV H$aZm àmaå^ H$a Xr{OE, Omo Bggo D$na
Ho$ ñVa Ho$ gåà˶¶m| go grYo Ow‹S>o hþE h¢& Bg àH$ma EH$ nXmZwH«$‘
~ZmBE&
6. gåà˶¶m| Ho$ Mmam| Amoa n[a{Y It{M¶o VWm g‘mZ, AYrZñW
gåà˶¶m| ‘| gh-gå~ÝY {XImZo Ho$ {bE AZwàñW aoImE± Ir§M|&
BZH$mo Omo‹S>Zo dmbo eãXm| H$mo aoImAm| Ho$ D$na {bI {Oggo BZH$m
gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo gHo$& ¶h gå~ÝY EH$ {gÕmÝV ~ZmVo h¢&
7. g‘ñV ‘mZ{MÌ Ho$ Mmam| Amoa H$‘ go H$‘ Koao ~Zm¶o VWm ‘w»¶
Aܶ¶Z {~ÝXþAm§o H$m gÝVwbZ ~Zm¶o aIo&
7.6.4 g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ‘| C^aZo dmbo Hw$N> g§kmZmË‘H$
ñdê$n
1. emImE±
EH$ {dMma nmg Am¡a Xÿa Ho$ gå~pÝYV {dMmam| H$mo {‘bmZo Ho$ {bE AZoH$
emImAm§o ‘| {d^m{OV hmo gH$Vm h¡&
2. Vra Ho$ {ZemZ
{d{^ÝZ emImAm| go {dMma Omo‹S>Zo Ho$ {bE Amn Vra Ho$ {ZemZ H$m à¶moJ H$a|Jo&
3. g‘yhrH$aU
¶{X H$B© emImE± gå~pÝYV {dMma h¢, Vmo Amn g‘ñV joÌ na Mmam| Amoa Jmobm
~ZmZm Mmh|Jo&
7.6.5 A{YJ‘ {ejU ‘| g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$m ‘hÎd Ed§
bm^
1. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam AW©nyU© A{YJ‘ gå^d h¡&
2. {dkmZ ‘| g§H$ënZm ‘mZ[MÌ {Z¶moOZ Am¡a {ejU Ho$ gmYZ h¢&
 àJʶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
3. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ à˶mñ‘aU ‘| ghm¶H$ h¡&
4. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam N>mÌ ‘yë¶m§H$Z gå^d h¡&
5. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam {dMma ^«mpÝV¶m| H$m {ZXmZ hmoVm h¡&
6. {dkmZ AZwXoeZ gwYma ‘| g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Cn¶moJr h¡, A{YJ‘
{ejU ‘| BZHo$ Ûmam CÎm‘Vm AmVr h¡&
7. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam {d{eîQ> gåà˶¶m| ‘| nmañn[aH$ gå~ÝYm|
Ho$ VH©$ AWdm H$maU OmZZo H$m Adga {‘bVm h¡&
8. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$jm ‘| AZwXoeZ H$mo {Xem XoVo h¢ Am¡a Cg g‘¶
¶h ‘mJ© ‘mZ{MÌ H$m H$m¶© H$aVo h¢&
9. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ N>mÌm| Ho$ ܶmZ H$mo Ho$pÝÐV H$aZo VWm {df¶ H$m
ì¶mnH$ ê$n XoIZo Ho$ {bE A{J«‘ ì¶dñWmnH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| ‘mJ©Xe©Z
H$aVo h¢&
10. O~ {df¶ Ho$ M¶{ZV AÝVa gå~pÝYV gåà˶¶m| na AmYm[aV
www.praganya.org
nmR> ¶moOZm hmoVr h¢, Vmo g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Eogo nmR> {dH$mg ‘|
ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢&
11. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ go grIZo na H$‘ go H$‘ {dMma ^«m{ÝV¶m± hmoVr
h¢& ¶h g˶ h¡ {H$ N>mÌm| ‘| {dMma ^«mpÝV Am‘ nmB© OmVr h¡ Am¡a
EH$ ~ma ~ZZo Ho$ níMmV² bå~o g‘¶ VH$ ~Zr ahVr h¡& O~ N>mÌ
kmZ g§aMZm H$aVo h¢, Cg g‘¶ {dMma ^«mpÝV¶m± ~ZVr h¢, {OZH$m
‘w»¶ H$maU AnyU© kmZ VÏmm Ìw{Q>nyU© ì¶m»¶m AWdm JbV AZw^d
www.praganya.org
H$aZm h¡&
12. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam kmZ H$m bå~o g‘¶ VH$ R>hamd VWm
‘yë¶m§H$Z gå^d h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {dH${gV H$aZm N>mÌ H$s
kmZ pñW{V H$mo Xem©Vm h¡ VWm aoImAm| H$m ~ZmZm CgHo$ R>hamd
Am¡a n[adV©Z H$mo ~VbmVm h¡& ¶h ~moY H$m n[aMm¶H$ h¡&
13. O~ N>mÌ AYrZñW gåà˶¶ Ho$ Amgnmg Ho$ kmZ go EH$ g§H$ënZm
‘mZ{MÌ H$s g§aMZm H$aVo h¢, Vmo do EH$ ZdrZ AÝVÑpîQ> àmá H$aVo
h¢& Bg AdYmaUm H$mo ZmodH$ Ed§ Jmo{dZ (1984) Ûmam g‘W©Z {X¶m
J¶m h¡- N>mÌ Ed§ {ejH$ ¶h ñdrH$maVo h¢ {H$ g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ
www.praganya.org
à{H«$¶m ‘| do gåà˶¶mo§ ‘| CZ gå~ÝYm| H$mo XoIVo h¢, Omo nhbo H$^r
Zht XoIo&
14. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ~ZmZo go A{YJ‘ gab ~ZVm h¡ Ed§ ~moY
{dH${gV H$aVm h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ‘| nmR²>¶-gm‘J«r ‘pñVîH$
nQ>b na A§{H$V hmo OmVr h¡, Omo à^mdr ~moY H$m n[aMm¶H$ h¡&
7.6.6 g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ho$ CXmhaU
¶h ‘mZm J¶m h¡ {H$ ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ‘pñVîH$ ‘§o VrZ {^ÝZ, {H$ÝVw gå~pÝYV gyMZm
à{d{Y ñVa h¢g§doXr, AënH$mbrZ Ed§ XrK©H$mbrZ& g§doXr ñ‘¥{V XoIZo,
gwZZo Ed§ Aݶ kmZopÝжm| go àmá hmoVr h¢, Omo AënH$mbrZ ñ‘¥{V ^ÊS>ma ‘|
ñWmZmÝV[aV H$a Xr OmVr h¡& g§doXr ñ‘¥{V gyMZm bJ^J EH$ goH$ÊS> Ho$ {bE
¶mX ahVr h¡ VWm AënH$mbrZ ñ‘¥{V gyMZm bJ^J 30 goH$ÊS> VH$ VWm
XrK©H$mbrZ g‘¥{V Hw$N> {‘ZQ> Ho$ {bE AWdm OrdZ-n¶©ÝV à˶mñ‘aU Ho$
{bE h¡& ‘w»¶ MwZm¡Vr h¡, ZdrZ kmZ H$mo {H$g àH$ma XrK©H$mbrZ ñ‘¥{V ‘| {b¶m
Om¶o Omo Am¡a ZdrZ kmZ A{YJ‘ H$m gabrH$aU H$a gHo$& ¶h gå^d h¡ ¶{X
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 121
ZdrZ kmZ H$mo M¡Vݶ go, nyd© kmZ go AWdm {dÚ‘mZ gåà˶¶m| H$mo g§¶moOZm|
go Omo‹S> gH|$& ¶hm± ¶h OmZZm Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ gåà˶¶ VWm g§¶moOZ ³¶m h¢
? gåà˶¶ KQ>ZmAm| AWdm dñVwAm| ‘| EH$ gwì¶dpñWV {H«$¶m h¡, Omo {H$gr
g§Ho$V AWdm àVrH$ go Cëbo{IV hmoVm h¡& g§¶moOZ AWdm ¶moOH$ eãX Xmo
AWdm A{YH$ gåà˶¶m| ‘| EH$ {d{eîQ> gh-gå~ÝY h¡, O¡go- Kmg har h¡
Am{X& ¶{X gåà˶¶m| ‘| AW©nyU© g§¶moOZ Ûmam gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo gHo$, Vmo
gåà˶¶ AW© ‘| d¥{Õ H$aVo h¢, O¡go- S>r.EZ.E. ‘| AmZwd§{eH$ gyMZm h¡&
N>mÌm| H$m| gåà˶¶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {d{Y Ûmam
gå^mdZmE± ~‹T>r h¢& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {gImZo hoVw-
1. gab gåà˶¶ H$m M¶Z H$ao, O¡go-n¶m©daU&
2. à‘wI gåà˶¶ Ho$ Amgnmg gm‘mݶ gåà˶¶ {bIo, O¡go-
gm‘m{OH$ n¶m©daU AWdm ~mYm dmbm n¶m©daU&
3. BZH$mo aoImAm| go Omo‹S>o Am¡a ¶moOH$ eãXm| go Zm‘m§{H$V H$ao, O¡go-
¶h BgH$m EH$ ^mJ h¡ AWdm Aݶmoݶm{lV h¡&
4. Bg àH$ma N>mÌ {d{^ÝZ gåà˶¶m| H$m AW©nyU© gå~ÝY XoI gH|$Jo&
5. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ¶h àX{e©V H$aZo ‘| g‘W© h¡ {H$ {H$g àH$ma
A{YH$Va g{ÝZdoeZ, d[aîR> A{YJ‘ àJ{Verb {d^oXrH$aU VWm
g‘mH$bZmË‘H$ g‘mYmZ H$m¶© H$aVo h¢&
7.7 g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ
~mbH$ ‘| BÀN>mAm| H$m OÝ‘ hmoVm h¡& ¶o BÀN>mE± {Zîà¶moOZ Zht hmoVr h¢& à˶oH$
BÀN>m H$m H$moB© Z H$moB© bú¶ Adí¶ hmoVm h¡& h‘ AnZr BÀN>m H$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE
Cg bú¶ ¶m CÔoí¶ VH$ nhþ±MZm MmhVo h¢, {H$ÝVw AZoH$ ~mYmAm| Ho$ H$maU
g‘ñ¶m H$m OÝ‘ hmoVm h¡& g‘ñ¶m n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþE ‘mWwa Zo {bIm h¡ {H$
g‘ñ¶m Cg n[apñW{V H$mo H$hVo h¢, {OgHo$ {bE ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ nmg nhbo go V¡¶ma
H$moB© à{H«$¶m Zht hmoVr& O~ h‘ H${R>ZmB¶m| na {dO¶ àmá H$aHo$ bú¶ VH$
nhþ±M OmVo h¢, Vmo Bgr H$mo g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$hVo h¢&
AmBOoZH$ Ho$ ‘VmZwgma g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmmZ dh à{H«$¶m h¡, {Og‘|
àmW{‘H$ n[apñW{V¶m| (g§kmZmË‘H$) go àmaå^ H$a dm§pN>V bú¶ VH$ nhþ±MZm
Ano{jV h¡& CÔrnZ pñW{V ‘| O~ àmUr AZw{H«$¶mE± H$aZo na ^r bú¶ VH$
Zht nhþ±M nmVm, Eogr pñW{V ‘§o ¶h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ àmUr gm‘mݶ
pñW{V ‘| Zht h¡&
lr ‘mWwa Zo {bIm h¡ {H$ H${R>ZmB¶m| na {dO¶ àmá H$aZo H$m T>§J
¶m g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m, Omo Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© ‘| ~mYm nhþ±MmVr h¡, hb hr
g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$hbmVm h¡& g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ ~mao ‘| pñH$Za Zo
{bIm h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ {H$gr bú¶ H$s àm{á ‘| ~mYm nhþ±MmVr h¡, hb
hr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$hbmVm h¡& g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ ~mao ‘| pñH$Za Zo
{bIm h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ {H$gr bú¶ H$s àm{á ‘| ~mYm S>mbVr àVrV
hmoVr H${R>ZmB¶m| na {dO¶ nmZo H$s à{H«$¶m h¡& ¶h ~mYmAm| Ho$ ~mdOyX g‘§OZ
H$aZo H$s à{H«$¶m h¡&
ñQ>mZbo J«o Ho$ AZwgma g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ dh à{Vê$n h¡, {OgHo$ ^rVa
g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ Am¡a VH©$ hmoVm h¡& A‘yV© BÀN>mAm| go CËnÝZ VZmd ì¶p³V
H$mo A{YH$V‘ à¶ËZ H$aZo H$mo ào[aV H$aVm h¡& ãboAa, OmoÝg VWm {gångZ
 n¥îR> 122 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
Ho$ AZwgma g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$m A{^àm¶ h¡ {H$ h‘ do {d{Y¶m± grIo, {OZHo$
Ûmam h‘ {d{dY àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo hb H$a gHo$&
AV… gma ê$n ‘| h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$m ‘Vb~
Eogr {d{Y¶m| H$m kmZ àmá H$aZm h¡, {OZHo$ à¶moJ go h‘ AmJm‘r OrdZ ‘|
AmZo dmbr g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo hb H$a gHo$&
g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V ‘| Omo AZw{H«$¶mE± hmoVr h¡, Cg‘| Hw$N> {deofVmE±
nm¶r OmVr h¢& AV… {deofVmAm| H$m dU©Z Om°ÝgZ Zo Bg àH$ma {H$¶m h¡-
1. àmUr H$m ì¶dhma bú¶ H$s Amoa hmoVm h¡ VWm Cg ì¶dhma ‘|
{ZaÝVaVm XoIZo H$mo {‘bVr h¡&
2. bú¶ àm{á Ho$ ~mX ì¶dhma ‘| {ZaÝVaVm g‘má hmo OmVr h¡&
3. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| àmUr {d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s AZw{H«$¶mE± H$aVm h¡&
4. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVmE± nmB© OmVr h¢&
5. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ g‘¶ àmUr àW‘ ~ma A{YH$ g‘¶ boVm h¡
VWm nwZamd¥{Îm Ho$ g‘¶ H$‘ g‘¶ boVm h¡ VWm ¶h g‘¶ KQ>Vm
Mbm OmVm h¡&
6. {MÝVZ H$m EH$ {d{eîQ> ê$n g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ì¶dhma h¡&
A{YJ‘ Am¡a g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ì¶dhma ‘| ^oX H$aVo hþE S>§H$Z Zo
~Vm¶m {H$ A{YJ‘ Aä¶mg Ed§ à~bZ Ho$ H$maU AZw{H«$¶m H$s XjVm ‘§o
d¥{Õ h¡, O~{H$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ {H$gr O{Q>b pñW{V ‘| ghr AZw[H«$¶m H$m
Am{dîH$ma h¡& Bg àH$ma g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ g¥OZmË‘H$ A{YJ‘ ì¶dhma h¡,
³¶m|{H$ g¥OZmË‘H$Vm à˶oH$ A{YJ‘ ì¶dhma ‘| Zht {‘bVr h¡&
7.7.1 g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ ñVa
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ Xmo ñVa H$ho Om gH$Vo h¢, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. gab ñVa
gab ñVa H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m g‘mYmZ, Cg g‘¶, {~Zm {H$gr àH$ma H$s
H${R>ZmB© Ho$ hmo OmVm h¡, O¡go J‘u bJZo na {~Obr H$m n§Im Imob XoZm Am¡a
CgH$s hdm ‘| ~¡R>Zm&
2. O{Q>b ñVa
O{Q>b ñVa H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m hb VmËH$m{bH$ ê$n go Zht hmoVm& BgHo$ hb
Ho$ {bE H$B© ~mYmAm| H$mo nma H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& O¡go- ‘éñWb ‘| qgMmB© H$s
g‘ñ¶m Eogr hr h¡& ‘éñWb ‘| Ob H$hm± go bm¶m Om¶o? ZXr {H$VZr Xÿa h¡?
³¶m dhm± go Zha bmB© Om gH$Vr h¡? Cg na {H$VZm 춶 hmoJm? B˶m{X
H$B© ~mYmAm| H$mo nma H$aHo$ hr Bg O{Q>b ñVa H$s g‘ñ¶m H$m hb {H$¶m Om
gH$Vm h¡&
7.7.2 g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s {d{Y¶m±
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s AZoH$ {d{Y¶m± h¡, {OZH$m dJuH$aU H$aVo g‘¶ pñH$Za
Zo ~Vm¶m h¡ {H$ Hw$N> {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ newAm| Ho$ Ûmam ‘w»¶V… hmoVm h¡ Am¡a
Hw$N> CÀM ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm dmbr {d{Y¶m± h¢, {OZH$m à¶moJ {MÝVZ Ed§ VH©$-
ep³V go gwgpÁOV ‘mZd Ho$ Ûmam hmoVm h¡& ¶hm± XmoZm| hr {d{Y¶m| H$m {ddaU
àñVwV h¡-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
1. {~Zm grIo Ed§ AmXV Ho$ AZwgma g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ
Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ {ZåZ H$mo{Q> Ho$ new Ed§ H$sQ>-nV§Jm| Ho$ Ûmam {H$¶m OmVm
h¡& ¶o AnZr Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© dmVmdaU go Z H$aHo$ ñd¶§ H$s OÝ‘OmV
àd¥{Îm¶m| Ho$ AmYma na H$aVo h¢& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘| H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ¶o AnZr
BÀN>mAm| H$mo ¶mpÝÌH$ VarHo$ go nyam H$aVo h¢& new {H$gr ^r n[apñW{V ‘|
AnZr BÀN>m ny{V© Ho$ {bE {~Zm grIo {ZpíMV T>§J go AZw{H«$¶m H$aVo h¢, O¡go-
‘Yw‘³Ir H$mo ^moOZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm ’y$bm| H$s gwJÝY Ho$ à{V CZH$s ^mdmË‘H$
à{V{H«$¶m Ûmam nyar hmoVr h¡& Bgr àH$ma IVao go ~MZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm eÌw H$mo
S>§H$ ‘maH$a nyar hmoVr h¡, {Oggo A³ga ñd¶§ ‘Yw‘³Ir H$s ^r ‘¥Ë¶w hmo OmVr
h¡, {H$ÝVw H${R>ZmB¶m| Ho$ à{V Bg àH$ma H$s ghO {H«$¶mE± V~ VH$ g’$b Zht
hmoVr h¢, O~ VH$ H${R>ZmB¶m± gmYmaU hmoVr h¢& H${R>ZmB¶m| Ho$ O{Q>b hmoZo na
¶o ghO à{V{H«$¶mE± {d’$b hmo OmVr h¢& {~Zm grIo ì¶dhma go g‘ñ¶m H$m hb
{ZH$mbZm Om{V H$mo Or{dV aIZo H$s ÑpîQ> go Cn¶moJr h¡, {H$ÝVw ¶h Amdí¶H$
Zht h¡ {H$ ì¶p³VJV ê$n go ^r ¶h {d{Y Cn¶moJr hmo&
2. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {d{Y go g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ
g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ ‘| à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {d{Y H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE Wm°Z©S>mBH$
H$m {~ëbr na {H$¶m J¶m à¶moJ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡& CgZo EH$ ^yIr {~ëbr H$mo EH$
{nÝOao ‘| ~ÝX H$a {X¶m Am¡a CgHo$ nmg ^moOZ go ^ar ßboQ> aI Xr& {~ëbr
{nÝOao Ho$ XadmOo go hmoH$a hr ~mha Am gH$Vr Wr, Omo {H$ EH$ añgr Ho$
ItMZo na hr Iwb gH$Vm Wm& Bg à¶moJ ‘| ^yI à¶moOZ Wm, {nÝOao Ho$
~mha aIr ßboQ> CgH$m bú¶ Wm Am¡a g‘ñ¶m H$m hb añgr ItMH$a XadmOm
ImobZm Wm& {~ëbr Zo ^moOZ àmá H$aZo Ho$ CÔoí¶ go {nÝOao Ho$ ~mha {ZH$bZo
Ho$ g^r à¶mg {H$¶o& AH$ñ‘mV² CgHo$ nÝOo go añgr [I§M JB© Am¡a XadmOm
Iwb J¶m& g‘ñ¶m Ho$ hb hmoZo na CgZo ^moOZ àmá H$aHo$ AnZr BÀN>m nyar
H$s& Xÿgar ~ma {~ëbr H$mo nwZ… {nÝOao ‘| ¶h OmZZo Ho$ CÔoí¶ go ~ÝX {H$¶m
{H$ CgZo XadmOm ImobZm grI {b¶m ¶m Zht& Xÿgar ~ma CgZo nhbr dmbr
{H«$¶mAm| H$s nwZamd¥{Îm H$s, bo{H$Z EH$ à¶mg H$aZo na XadmOm Imob {b¶m&
AÝV ‘| {~ëbr Zo {nÝOao ‘| OmVo hr añgr ItMH$a XadmOm Imob {b¶m Am¡a
~mha Am JB©& Bg à¶moJ go ñnîQ> hþAm {H$ OmZda à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {d{Y go
g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ Ty>±‹T>Vo h¢&
3. AÝVÑpîQ> Ûmam g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ
àm{U¶m| Ho$ Ûmam g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYZ Ho$ {bE AÝVÑpîQ> {d{Y H$m ^r à¶moJ {H$¶m
OmVm h¡& Bg V϶ H$mo {gÕ H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$mohba Zo A’«$sH$m Ho$ npíM‘r VQ>
Ho$ {ZH$Q> EH$ Ûrn na {Mån¡pÝO¶m| na à¶moJ {H$¶m& Bg à¶moJ ‘| EH$ {nÝOao
H$s N>V go Ho$bo bQ>H$m¶o, Omo {Mån¡ÝOr H$s nhþ±M go nao Wo VWm Cg {nÝOao ‘|
Xmo ~³go ^r aIo J¶o& Ho$bo àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {Mån¡ÝOr Zo CZ ~³gm| H$mo EH$
Ho$ D$na EH$ aIH$a Am¡a CZ na M‹T>H$a Ho$bo àmá H$a {b¶o& Xÿgao à¶moJ ‘|
{nÝOao Ho$ ~mha Ho$bo aIo J¶o Am¡a {nÝOao ‘| {Mån¡ÝOr VWm Xmo N>‹S>m| H$mo aIm
J¶m& {Mån¡ÝOr Ho$bm| VH$ nhþ±MZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm ahm, {H$ÝVw Ho$bo àmá Zhr§
H$a gH$m& ~mX ‘| N>‹S>m| go IobVm ahm& AH$ñ‘mV² CgZo XmoZm§o N>‹S>m| H$mo Omo‹S>
{b¶m& BgHo$ ~mX CgZo Cg N>‹S> go Ho$bo ItMH$a àmá {H$¶o& H$mohba Zo H$hm
{H$ new gyP ¶m AÝVÑpîQ> Ho$ H$maU Ho$bo àmá H$a gH$m& BZ à¶moJm| go ñnîQ>
 àJʶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
hmoVm h¡ {H$ new à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> AWdm gyP go g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aVm h¡&
BZ {d{Y¶m| H$m Cn¶moJ àmUr H$s ~w{Õ VWm bú¶ Am¡a gmYZhrZ gå~ÝYm| na
{Z^©a H$aVm h¡&
4. dm³¶mË‘H$ ^mfm {d{Y
Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ ‘mZd Ho$ Ûmam {H$¶m OmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ‘mZd ‘| hr ^mfm H$m
Cn¶moJ H$aZo H$s j‘Vm {dÚ‘mZ hmoVr h¡& ‘mZd ‘| hr ¶h ep³V hmoVr h¡ {H$
dh AnZo AVrV Ho$ AZw^dm| H$m nwZJ©R>Z H$a gH$Vm h¡& BZ AVrV Ho$ AZw^dm|
Ho$ AmYma na CZ n[aUm‘m| H$m nyd© H$WZ H$a gH$Vm h¡, Omo A^r K{Q>V Zht
hþE h¢& dm³¶mË‘H$ ^mfm g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s ÑpîQ> go gånyU© gä¶Vm H$m
AmYma h¡& ^mfm ‘mZd Ho$ nmg Eogm ep³Vembr gmYZ h¡, {OgHo$ ‘mܶ‘ go
dh AnZo AZw^dm| H$mo AJbr nr‹T>r VH$ hñVmÝV[aV H$a gH$Vm h¡& O~ ^mfm
H$mo ‘Z hr ‘Z ‘| ~mobH$a à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo Bg AdñWm H$mo {MÝVZ
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H$hVo h¢& pñH$Za Zo {bIm h¡ {H$ {MÝVZ H$m AW© h¡ {H$ dm³¶mË‘H$ ^mfm H$m
Cn¶moJ, Mmho dh ñnîQ> ê$n go ~mobr OmVr hmo, Mmho AñnîQ> ê$n go, Mmho ~mobr
hþB©, Mmho {b{IV Am¡a Mmho g§Ho$VmË‘H$&
5. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y
AmO ‘mZd Zo BVZr ~m¡{ÕH$ àJ{V H$a br h¡ {H$ dh g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘|
d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y H$m à¶moJ H$aVm h¡& d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y H$m à¶moJ ‘mZd Ûmam
www.praganya.org
d¡km{ZH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ gmW-gmW ì¶p³VJV g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ {b¶o
^r {H$¶m OmVm h¡& pñH$Za Zo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {d{Y Ho$ ~mao ‘| {bIm h¡ {H$ ¶h
EH$ Eogr à{H«$¶m h¡, {Ogo ~w{Õ‘mZ ì¶p³V H${R>Z Am¡a O{Q>b g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m
g‘mYmZ H$aVo hþE Cn¶moJ ‘| bmVo h¢&
S²>¶ydr Zo AnZr nwñVH$ How We Think ‘| gZ² 1911 ‘|
g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nXm| H$m dU©Z {H$¶m h¡& Bgr H$mo g‘ñ¶m
g‘mYmZ H$s d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y H$hVo h¢& S²>¶ydr Zo AJ«{b{IV gmonmZm| H$m
CëboI {H$¶m h¡-
1. g‘ñ¶m H$mo g‘PZm - àW‘ gmonmZ g‘ñ¶m H$mo g‘PZo go
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gå~pÝYV h¡& g‘ñ¶m H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ ~mbH$
AnZr BÀN>mAm| Ho$ à{V gMoV hmo& CgH$mo Bg ~mV H$m kmZ hmo
{H$ BÀN>m ny{V© ‘| ³¶m H${R>ZmB¶m± h¢ ¶m hmo gH$Vr h¡ Am¡a CZH$m
g‘mYmZ ³¶m hmoJm? AܶmnH$ H$mo Bg ñVa na g‘ñ¶m H$mo g‘PZo
‘| ~mbH$m| H$s ghm¶Vm H$aZr Mm{hE&
2. OmZH$mar ¶m XÎm gm‘J«r H$m g§J«h - g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$m {ÛVr¶
gmonmZ Cg g‘ñ¶m go gå~pÝYV gyMZmAm| ¶m XÎm gm‘J«r H$m
g§J«h H$aZo go gå~pÝYV h¡& AZm‹S>r ì¶p³V g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ
‘| VwaÝV OwQ> OmVm h¡, {H$ÝVw ~w{Õ‘mZ ì¶p³V g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘|
g§b½Z hmoZo go nyd© ¶h nVm bJmZo H$m à¶mg H$aoJm {H$ Bgr àH$ma
H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| Xÿgam| Zo ³¶m {H$¶m& hmo gH$Vm h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m go
gå~pÝYV àXÎm {H$gr Zo nhbo g§J«h {H$¶o hmo& ¶{X nhbo {H$gr
Zo Omo Ìw{Q> H$s h¡, do kmV hmo Om¶o, Vmo CZgo$ ~Mm Om gH$Vm h¡,
{H$ÝVw g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE àXÎmm| H$m g§J«h H$aZm gab H$m¶©
Zht h¡& AܶmnH$ H$mo XÎm g§J«h ‘| ~mbH$m| H$mo gyMZmAm| Ho$ òmoVm|
H$m AmboI aIZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$aZm Mm{h¶o, g§{já {ddaU
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 123
{bIZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$aZm Mm{hE VWm nyao H$mJO H$s Anojm
H$mS²>©g na {ddaU {bIZo Ho$ {bE H$hZm Mm{hE&
3. gå^m{dV g‘mYmZm| ¶m àm³H$ënZmAm| H$m {Z‘m©U - g‘ñ¶m go
gå~pÝYV àXÎmm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZo Ho$ ~mX CgHo$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE
gå^m{dV Cnm¶ ‘pñVîH$ ‘| n¡Xm hmoVo h¢& BZH$mo hr àm³H$ënZmAm|
‘| {Zê${nV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& EH$ {d{eîQ> n[apñW{V Ho$
gå^m{dV n[aUm‘ Ho$ ~mao ‘| H$moB© {gÕmÝV ¶m AZw‘mZ bJmZm hr
àm³H$ënZm H$hbmVr h¡& àm³H$ënZmAm| H$s ewÕVm N>mÌm| Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$
ñVa na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡& ¶h Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡ {H$ EH$ ~ma {ZYm©[aV
àm³H$ënZm ghr hmo& àm³H$ënZmAm| H$s ewÕVm N>mÌm| Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$
ñVa na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡& ¶h Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡ {H$ EH$ ~ma {ZYm©[aV
àm³H$ënZm ghr hmo& àm³H$ënZmAm| ‘| Aܶ¶Z Ho$ ~mX n[adV©Z
^r {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& AܶmnH$ Ûmam N>mÌm| H$mo ñd¶§ AZw‘mZ
bJmZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$aZm Mm{hE, ³¶m|{H$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ
H$m AmYma AZw^d hmoVo h¢&
4. àm³H$ënZmAm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z- g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y
H$m Mm¡Wm gmonmZ àmH$³ënZm H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo go gå~pÝYV h¡&
Bg‘| ì¶p³V nyd© {ZYm©[aV n[aUm‘m| H$s Om±M H$aVm h¡& ¶{X dh
nyd© H$WZ ‘| Hw$N> Ìw{Q> H$s Amem H$aVm h¡, Vmo Eogr pñW{V ‘| dh
nwZ… V϶m| Ed§ gyMZmAm| H$m nwZJ©R>Z H$aHo$ ZdrZ àm³H$ënZmAm|
H$m {Z‘m©U H$a gH$Vm h¡& àm³H$ënZmAm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z ~hþV Hw$N>
ì¶p³V H$s ~w{Õ Am¡a Hw$N> g§J«h H$s JB© gyMZmAm| na {Z^©a H$aVm
h¡&
5. {ZîH$fm] H$m {Zê$nU - g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| nm±Mdm± gmonmZ {ZîH$fm]
H$m {Zê$nU h¡& àm³H$ënZm H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ed§ narjU H$aZo Ho$
~mX ì¶p³V g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ H$s {d{Y¶m| go gå~pÝYV {ZîH$f©
{ZH$mbVm h¡& Bg {ZîH$f© Ho$ ê$n ‘| dh ¶h AZw‘mZ bJmVm h¡ {H$
AZoH$ gå^m{dV {d{Y¶m| ‘| go H$m¡Z-gr {d{Y g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$
{bE Cn¶w³V hmoJr&
6. g‘mYmZ H$m à¶moJ- g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ {Og hb H$mo {ZîH$f© Ho$
ê$n ‘| {ZH$mbm h¡, CgH$mo à¶moJ ‘| bmZo na hr g˶Vm H$s ghr
Om±M hmo gH$Vr h¡& à¶moJmË‘H$ àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶m ‘| Vmo g‘mYmZ
H$mo H$m¶© ê$n ‘| n[a{UV H$a {X¶m OmVm h¡, {H$ÝVw ‘mZ{gH$ g‘ñ¶m
Ho$ {ZîH$f© H$mo BVZr gabVmnyd©H$ H$m¶© ê$n ‘| n[a{UV Zht {H$¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡&
7. gm‘mݶrH$aU H$aZm- ~Zm©S>© Ho$ AZwgma g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$m
ApÝV‘ gmonmZ àm³H$ënZm H$m narjU h¡, {H$ÝVw Am¡a CÀM VH©$
Ed§ {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE EH$ Am¡a Z¶m gmonmZ gm‘mݶrH$aU H$aZo go
gå~pÝYV Omo‹S>m Om gH$Vm h¡& gm‘mݶrH$aU emoY H$mo ì¶mnH$
ì¶mdhm[aH$ ê$n XoZo H$m à¶ËZ h¡& gm‘mݶrH$aU H$aZo ‘| ¶o àíZ
ghm¶H$ hmo gH$Vo h¢- Aݶ {H$g n[apñW{V Ho$ {bE àñVwV hb
Cn¶w³V àVrV hmoVm h¡? àXÎmm| H$m g§J«h H$aZo Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo
H$s {d{Y Aݶ g‘ñ¶m ‘| H¡$go à¶moJ ‘| Am gH$Vr h¡? Om±M Ho$
n[aUm‘m| H$mo H¡$go g§{já ê$n ‘| àH$Q> {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡?
 n¥îR> 124 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y H$s AmbmoMZm
1. ¶h {d{Y à¶moJ ‘| A{YH$ bå~r hmoVr h¡&
2. BgHo$ {bE A{YH$ à{ejU Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡&
3. Bg‘| g‘¶ ^r A{YH$ bJVm h¡&
4. Bg {d{Y go ^r ^{dî¶dm{U¶m± A³ga JbV hmoVr h¢ Am¡a Jb{V¶m±
hmo OmVr h¢&
7.7.3 g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| à{ejU
h‘mao Xoe H$s {ejm àUmbr Ho$ AZoH$ Xmofm| ‘| go EH$ Xmof ¶h ^r h¡ {H$ ¶hm±
N>mÌm| H$mo g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| H$moB© à{ejU Zht {X¶m OmVm h¡& OZgmYmaU H$s
¶h ‘mݶVm h¡ {H$ {dÚmb¶ H$s AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ BVZm n[an³d Am¡a AZw^dr
Zht hmoVm {H$ dh g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ H$a gHo$& BgHo$ {dnarV ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m|
H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ e¡edmdñWm go hr ~mbH$ g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ ‘| g§b½Z hmoVm h¡&
h‘mao ¶hm± Ho$ AܶmnH$ ^r {ejU ‘| Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ H$aZo go H$VamVo h¢,
³¶m|{H$ Bg‘| A{YH$ n[al‘ Am¡a {MÝVZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& Hw$N> ^r
hmo, g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ {d{Y H$m ‘yë¶ AܶmnZ H$s ÑpîQ> go Am¡a ~mbH$ Ho$
OrdZ H$s ÑpîQ> go ‘hÎdnyU© h¡& Bg {d{Y go {ejU amoMH$ ~ZVm h¡& ~mbH$
H$m ^mdr OrdZ AZoH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| go ¶w³V hmoVm h¡& à{ejU ‘| A^md Ho$ H$maU
AZoH$ ì¶p³V g‘ñ¶mE± CËnÝZ hmoZo na K~am OmVo h¢& AVEd ~mbH$ H$mo
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$m à{ejU Adí¶ XoZm Mm{hE VWm BgHo$ {bE AܶmnH$m|
H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV ~mV| ܶmZ ‘| aIZr Mm{hE-
1. g‘ñ¶m Ho$ ñVam| H$mo nhMmZZo H$m A{YJ‘
{H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$s CnpñW{V H$mo nhMmZZm H${R>Z h¡& Cg g‘ñ¶m H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z
H$aZm, CgHo$ ‘hÎd Am¡a O{Q>bVm H$mo nhMmZZm Am¡a ^r H${R>Z h¡& ~hþYm
AܶmnH$ Eogr g‘ñ¶mE± CnpñWV H$aVo h¢, Omo ~mbH$m| H$s g‘P go CÀM
ñVa H$s hmoVr h¢ AWdm à¶moOZhrZ hmoVr h¢& n[aUm‘ ¶h hmoVm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$
Cg g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ H$s AmdíH$Vm hr AZw^d Zht H$aVm h¡& ~mbH$ CZ
g‘ñ¶m¶mAm| ‘| A{YH$ ê${M boVo h¢, {OZH$m VmËH$m{bH$ ‘yë¶ D±$Mm hmoVm
h¡& AܶmnH$m| H$mo g‘ñ¶m H$mo nhMmZZo ‘| N>mÌm| H$s ghm¶Vm H$aZr Mm{hE&
pñH$Za H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ g’$b g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE g‘ñ¶m Ho$ ‘hÎd
Am¡a CgHo$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ n[aUm‘ H$mo OmZZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm H$m hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡&
¶h ¶mo½¶Vm Xmo VÎdm| na {Z^©a h¡- EH$ ~w{Õ VWm Xÿgao g‘mYmZ H$s j‘Vm
‘| à{ejU& AܶmnH$ H$mo Mm{hE {H$ dh à˶oH$ N>mÌ H$mo X¡{ZH$ OrdZ H$s
g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘§o H${R>ZmB© Ho$ ñVa H$mo OmZZo H$s {ejm Xo& BgHo$ gmW hr nmR²>¶H«$‘
‘| g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ em{‘b hmoZm Mm{hE&
2. V϶m| Ho$ g§J«h dJuH$aU Ed§ {díbofU H$m A{YJ‘
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| V϶m|, gyMZmAm|, AZw^dm| H$m {deof ‘hÎd h¡& N>mÌm| H$mo
V϶m| Ho$ g§J«h H$m à{ejU XoZm Mm{hE& gyMZmE± EH${ÌV H$aZm é{MH$a H$m¶©
Zht h¡& Bg‘| g‘¶ Am¡a n[al‘ XmoZm| hr bJVo h¢& AܶmnH$m| H$mo Mm{hE {H$
do N>mÌm| H$mo Bg H$m¶© hoVw Eogr {d{Y¶m| H$m kmZ H$amE, {Oggo {H$ ¶h H$m¶©
é{MH$a hmo OmE& ~mbH$m| H$mo BZ gyMZmAm| H$mo Cn¶moJ ‘| bmZo H$s {d{Y ^r
{gImZr Mm{hE& V϶m| Ho$ dJuH$aU H$aZo Ho$ T>§J Am¡a {díbofU H$aZo H$s
VH$ZrH$ H$s ^r {ejm XoZr Mm{hE&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
3. {MÝVZ Am¡a VH©$ H$m à[ejU
g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ ‘| BZ XmoZm| ep³V¶m| H$m ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ hmoVm h¡& gyMZmE±
EH${ÌV H$aZo Ho$ ~mX CZH$m hb Ty>±‹T>Zo ‘| ³¶m ¶moJXmZ hmo gH$Vm h¡, ¶h VH©$
H$m {df¶ h¡& pñH$Za Zo g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ H$s Cn¶mo{JVm H$mo ~VmVo hþE BgH$mo
{gImZo na ~b {X¶m h¡&
4. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y H$m kmZ
{H$gr ^r àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo H$s d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y H$m kmZ
{ejH$ H$mo hmoZm Mm{hE& AܶmnH$ Ûmam Bg {d{Y H$m kmZ Ed§ Aä¶mg ~mbH$m|
H$mo ^r H$admZm Mm{hE&
5. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ à˶oH$ MaU na ~mbH$m| H$mo ào[aV H$aZm
N>mÌ O~ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| ì¶ñV hmo, Vmo à˶oH$ gmonmZ H$mo R>rH$ àH$ma
go gånm{XV H$aZo na AܶmnH$ Ûmam nwañH$ma XoH$a CZH$mo CËgm{hV H$aZm
Mm{hE&
7.7.4 àm¶mo{JH$ gm‘J«r
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ì¶dhma H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVo g‘¶ new VWm ‘mZd XmoZm|
Ho$ {bE AbJ-AbJ àH$ma H$s àm¶mo{JH$ gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡,
{OZH$m dU©Z {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
1. newAm| Ho$ {bE àm¶mo{JH$ gm‘J«r
newAm| Ho$ {bE {OZ àm¶mo{JH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo à¶moJ ‘| bm¶m OmVm h¡, CZH$m
dU©Z {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
1. ~hþ{dH$ën g‘ñ¶mE± - Eogr g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m Cn¶moJ ~hþYm Myhm| Ûmam
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| {b¶m OmVm h¡& Q>r Am¡a dmB© àH$ma H$s ^yb-
^wb¡¶m H$m Cn¶moJ Bgr àH$ma H$s pñW[V ‘| hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$s
g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V ‘| Myhm Xm{hZr AWdm ~m¶t Amoa ‘w‹S>H$a ^moOZ
H$mo àmá H$a bú¶ H$s àm{á H$a boVm h¡&
2. nhobr noQ>r g‘ñ¶mE± - Eogr g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| EH$ Eogo ~³go H$m à¶moJ
{H$¶m OmVm h¡, {Og‘| go à¶moÁ¶m| H$m XadmOm ImobH$a ~mha OmZm
n‹S>Vm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ~mha à¶moÁ¶ H$mo bú¶ ^moOZ hmoVm h¡& ~m°³g H$s
Xrdma| H$m±M H$s ~ZmB© OmVr h¢, {Oggo bú¶ {XImB© XoVm ahVm h¡&
~³go Ho$ XadmOo H$s IwbZo H$s à{H«$¶m ¶m MQ>IZr Ho$ X~mZo go ¶m
à¶moJH$Vm© Ûmam {ZpíMV {H$gr AZw{H«$¶m {deof Ho$ H$aZo go hmoVr
h¡& Bg àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| go ¶h OmZH$mar {‘bVr h¡ {H$ à¶moÁ¶
{H$gr àH$ma VWm {H$VZo g‘¶ ‘| ~mha {ZH$bH$a bú¶ H$s àm{á
H$a boVm h¡& Wm°Z©S>mBH$ VWm hm°Q>©Z Ho$ nhobr ~³go Bg àH$ma H$s
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ AÝVJ©V AmVo h¢&
3. Aà˶j nW g‘ñ¶mE± - Bg àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶m nho{b¶m| H$m à¶moJ
dZ‘mZwf, ~ÝXa, Hw$Îmo VWm ~ÀMm| na {H$E JE h¢& Eogr g‘ñ¶mAm|
‘| bú¶ VH$ nhþ±MmZo H$m ‘mJ© {N>nm ahVm h¡ Am¡a à¶moÁ¶ H$mo {N>no
bú¶ VH$ nhþ±MZo na nwañH¥$V {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
4. Xþhar H«$‘mÝVaU g‘ñ¶mE± - Myhm| na à¶moJ H$aZo Ho$ ~mX hÊQ>a
Zo Bg àH$ma H$s Xþhar H«$‘mÝVaU g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo OÝ‘ {X¶m& Bg
àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| bú¶ VH$ nhþ±MZo Ho$ {bE à¶moÁ¶ H$mo EH$
 àJʶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 125

H«$‘ {deof ‘| {XE JE ñVynm| H$m M³H$a bJmZm n‹S>Vm h¡&
5. nhobr-a{hV g‘ñ¶mE± - hm°~ hmCg Ho$ àm¶mo{JH$ Aܶ¶Zm| go
Bg àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶m H$mo OÝ‘ {‘bm& Bg‘| añgr {d^oXZ, Xmo ¶m
A{YH$ N>{‹S>¶m VWm Zbr Am¡a N>‹S>r O¡gr nhobr a{hV g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo
{Z{‘©V H$aHo$ à¶moÁ¶ go dm§{N>V H$m¶© H$am¶m OmVm h¡&
2. ‘mZd Ho$ {bE àm¶mo{JH$ gm‘J«r
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ì¶dhma Ho$ joÌ Ho$ AÝVJ©V newAm| na {OZ g‘ñ¶m
nhobr H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m J¶m h¡, ‘mZd na CZgo {^ÝZ ê$n go gm‘J«r H$mo à¶moJ
‘| bm¶m J¶m h¡& BZH$m dU©Z àñVwV h¡-
1. EZm J«måg - EZm J«måg nhobr ‘| eãXm| H$mo {VVa-{~Va H$aHo$ ghr
eãX ~Zdm¶m OmVm h¢ O¡go- PALPE EH$ EZm J«måg h¡, {OgHo$
Ajam| H$mo ¶{X {VVa-{~Va H$ao, Vmo APPLE eãX ~Z OmVm h¡&
^y{‘H$m {Z^mVr h¡& O¡go g‘ñ¶m H$m AmH$ma, g‘ñ¶m VWm g‘mYmZ pñW{V¶m|
‘| g‘mZVm, g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V H$m g§JR>Z Am{X à‘wI h¡& BZH$mo {ZåZ
àm¶mo{JH$ ar{V go Aܶ¶Z H$aHo$ {gÕ {H$¶m J¶m h¡-
1. g‘ñ¶m H$m AmH$ma - g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V Ho$ AmH$ma H$m à^md
BgHo$$ AÝVJ©©V bJZo dmbo g‘¶ na n‹S>Vm h¡& àm¶mo{JH$ ar{V go
¶h ñnîQ> hmo MwH$m h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m H$m AmH$ma {OVZm ~‹S>m hmoJm,
CgH$m g‘mYmZ CVZm hr {dbå~ go hmoJm& Zo‘mH©$ VWm d¡½Za Zo
‘mZd à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ gå‘wI EH$ g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V H$mo XoIm& à¶moÁ¶m|
H$mo ~hwV go {MÌm| ‘| go EH$ ‘mZH$ {MÌ Ho$ ~am~a {MÌ N>m±Q>Zo H$mo
{X¶m& ~hþV go {MÌm| H$s AmH¥${V H$mo ^r KQ>m¶m-~‹T>m¶m& bJZo dmbo
g‘¶ H$mo ZmoQ> H$aZo go ¶h à‘m{UV hþAm {H$ g‘ñ¶m H$m AmH$ma
g‘mYmZ ‘| bJZo dmbo g‘¶ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& C³V à¶moJ ‘§o
¶h nm¶m J¶m {H$ {MÌm| H$s g§»¶m {OVZr A{YH$ hmoJr, g‘ñ¶m

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à¶moÁ¶ H$mo Eogo EZm J«måg H$s gyMr {‘bVr h¡, {Ogo dh gmW©H$
g‘mYmZ CVZm hr {dbå~ go hmoJm& H¡$nbmZ Ho$ à¶moJ n[aUm‘ ^r
eãXm| ‘| {VVa-{~Va H$aHo$ nyar H$aVm h¡& à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ Ûmam {b¶m
¶h {gÕ H$aVo h¢ {H$ EZm J«måg H$s g§»¶m {OVZr A{YH$ hmoVr h¡,
J¶m g‘¶ VWm AnZmB© JB© à{H«$¶m g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ì¶dhma H$s
g‘mYmZ ‘| g‘¶ ^r CVZm hr bJVm h¡& BZ à¶moJm| go ¶h {ZîH$f©
n[aMm¶H$ h¡&
{ZH$bVm h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V H$m AmH$ma {OVZm ~‹S>m hmoVm
2. dm{MH$ nho{b¶m± - X¡{ZH$-OrdZ ‘| Eogr dm{MH$ nho{b¶m| H$m
h¡, CgH$m g‘mYmZ CVZm hr H${R>Z hmoVm h¡&
Cn¶moJ H$aVo hþE àm¶… Kam| ‘| XoIm OmVm h¡& BZH$m Cn¶moJ
2. g‘ñ¶m Ed§ g‘mYmZ pñW{V¶m| ‘| g‘mZVm - ¶h ~mV ~‹S>r hr
‘Zmoa§OZ H$s ÑpîQ> go hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| {XE JE
gabVm go n{aH$ënZm go {Z{‘©V H$s Om gH$Vr h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m Ed§
www.praganya.org

àíZ H$m hb {ZH$mbZm hmoVm h¡& eoH$br VWm OmoÝg Zo Bg àH$ma

g‘mYmZ pñW{V¶m| ‘| {OVZr A{YH$ g‘mZVm hmoJr, à¶moÁ¶ H$mo Cg
hr nho{b¶m| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m h¡&
pñW{V H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE CVZm hr nwZJ©R>Z H$‘ H$aZm
3. Á¶m{‘Vr¶ AWdm {M{ÌV CÔrnH$ gm‘J«r - Bg àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶mE±
n‹S>oJm Am¡a BgH$m ¶h à^md n‹S>oJm {H$ g‘ñ¶m H$m hb CVZm hr
à¶moÁ¶ Á¶m{‘Vr¶ AmH¥${V¶m| VWm {MÌm§o H$s ghm¶Vm go n[a^m{fV
gab hmo OmEJm& S>m¡‘rZmoñH$s Ho$ à¶moJ n[aUm‘ Omo EZm J«måg Ho$
H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$m àm¶mo{JH$ Aܶ¶Z hm°db¡ÊS> Zo {H$¶m h¡&
Aܶ¶Z Ho$ ~mX {ZH$mbo hþE h¡, ¶h {gÕ H$aVo h¢ {H$ EZm J«måg ‘|
4. {Z‘m©U g‘ñ¶mE± - Bg àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| à˶jnaH$ g§JR>Z
EH$ Aja H$m n[adV©Z H$aZo Ho$ ~mX hb gdm©{YH$ gab hmoVm h¡&
VWm XjVm H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg‘| à¶moÁ¶ Hw$N> dñVwAm|
3. g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V H$m g§JR>Z - g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V ‘| CnpñWV
H$s ghm¶Vm go {Z‘m©U H$aZm grIVm h¡& Bgr {Z‘m©U ‘| g‘ñ¶m
KQ>H$m| H$m gwg§JR>Z g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& g§J{R>V
g‘mYmZ {Z{hV hmoVm h¡& eãX g‘ñ¶mE± Bgr dJ© Ho$ AÝVJ©V AmVr
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g‘ñ¶mE± g‘mYmZ H$mo gab ~ZmVr h¢ VWm Ag§J{R>V H${R>Z& Bgr

h¢& eãX g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| eãXm| H$s ghm¶mVm go à˶jnaH$ nwZJ©R>Z,
AÝV…Ñ©pîQ> g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| ~m¡{ÕH$ j‘Vm ì¶dhma VWm H$m¶© g‘mYmZ
g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| à¶moÁ¶ Ûmam H$m¶© g‘mYmZ ‘| {b¶m J¶m g‘¶ VWm
{d{Y Ho$ AmYma na Hw$ebVm H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& g’$b
ar{V go {H$¶m J¶m g‘mYmZ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ì¶dhma H$m g§Ho$V
XoVm h¡&
7.7.5 g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ì¶dhma H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo
H$maH$
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ì¶dhma Ho$ à¶moJm| ‘| ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo {d{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ n[adVu
Ho$ à^md H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m h¡, {OZH$mo g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V H$s {deofVmAm|,
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s {deofVmAm| VWm g‘mYmZH$Vm© H$s {deofVmAm| Ho$ AmYma
na à‘wI VrZ ^mJmo§ ‘| ~m±Q>m J¶m h¡& BZH$m dU©Z {ZåZ{b{IV àH$ma go h¡-
1. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s pñW{V H$s {deofVmAm| H$m à^md
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYZ H$s pñW{V H$s Hw$N> {deofVmE± hmoVr h¢, Omo g‘mYmZ ‘| à‘wI
àH$ma Ho$ g§J{R>V VWm Ag§J{R>V EZm J«måg H$mo boH$a dmB{bZ
VWm hmZ© Zo à¶moJmË‘H$ {ZîH$f© kmV {H$E h¢& g§J{R>V EZm J«måg
H$m CXmhaU COLOUR h¡ VWm Ag§J{R>V H$m RLOUCO
h¡& g§J{R>V EZm J«måg go eãX ~ZmZo ‘| H$‘ g‘¶ bJVm h¡ VWm
Ag§J{R>V go A{YH$ g‘¶ bJVm h¡&
2. g‘mYmZ H$s {deofVmAm| H$m à^md
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s àH¥${V ‘| O{Q>bVm hmo gH$Vr h¡& g‘mYmZ ‘| ¶{X MaU
A[YH$ h¢, Vmo g‘mYmZ AnojmH¥$V H${R>Z hmoJm& BgHo$ gmW hr {d{^ÝZ MaUm|
Ho$ gmW à¶moÁ¶ H$m n[a{MV hmoZm ^r EH$ Aݶ {deofVm h¡& BZH$m dU©Z
{ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. g‘mYmZ H$s O{Q>bVm - ho¶og VWm Aݶ Ho$ à¶moJ n[aUm‘ ¶h
{gÕ H$aVo h¢ {H$ g‘mYmZ ‘| {OVZo MaU hmoVo h¢, g‘mYmZ H$aZo
‘| CVZr hr H${R>ZmB© hmoVr h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ à¶moJ ho¶og Zo Omgyg
g‘ñ¶m VWm J¡½Zr Ed§ pñ‘W Zo {nam{‘S> nhobr na à¶moJ H$aHo$ ¶h
{gÕ {H$¶m {H$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ MaUm| ‘| d¥{Õ Ho$ H$maU g‘ñ¶m

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 126 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
A{YH$ H${R>Z hmo OmVr h¡ Am¡a Bgr H${R>ZmB© Ho$ H$maU g‘mYmZ ^r
{dbå~ go hmoVm h¡&
2. g‘mYmZ Ho$ MaUm| H$s gm‘mݶVm - g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ g‘¶
n[a{MV CÔrnH$ g§Ho$V à¶moÁ¶ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& ¶h nyd©
n[aM¶ g‘mYmZ ‘| ghm¶Vm XoVm h¡ Am¡a Bgr gw{dYm Ho$ H$maU
g‘mYmZ gabVm go hmoVm h¡&
3. g‘mYmZH$Vm© H$s {deofVmAm| H$m à^md
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s gå^mdZm g‘mYZH$Vm© H$s {deofVmAm| na ^r {Z^©a
H$aVr h¡& Bg‘| A{^àoaUm ñVa, nyd© AZw^d Ed§ goQ> ‘hÎdnyU© {deofVmAm| Ho$
ê$n ‘| OmZo OmVo h¢& BZH$m dU©Z àñVwV h¡-
1. A{^àoaUm ñVa - ¶h ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ A{^ào[aV ì¶p³V hr H$m¶© H$aZo
H$mo V¡¶ma hmoVm h¡& A{^àoaUmË‘H$ d¥{Îm {MÝVm Ho$ hmoZo go {ZînmXZ ‘|
^r Ìw{Q>¶m± hmoVr h¢& EH$ H$m¶© ‘| Ag’$b hmo OmZo go ^r Xÿgao H$m¶©
Ho$ {ZînmXZ na à^md n‹S>Vm h¡ Am¡a ¶h {ZînmXZ Xþ~©b hmo OmVm h¡&
2. Aä¶mg AWdm nyU© AZw^d H$m à^md - ‘m¶a Ho$ à¶moJ n[aUm‘
¶h {gÕ H$aVo h¢ {H$ g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V Ho$ Mam| H$m nyd© AZw^d
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| bm^H$mar hmoVm h¡& ‘m¶a Zo Q>monr aIZo Ho$ {bE
Iy±Q>r ~ZmZo H$s g‘ñ¶m VrZ g‘yhm| ‘| gm‘Zo aIr& àW‘ g‘yh Ho$
gå‘wI nyd© AZw^d dmbo Ma à˶jrH$aU Ho$ {bE aIo JE, Xÿgao
H$mo CZgo d§{MV aIm J¶m VWm Vrgam g‘yh nyd© AZw^d go a{hV&
àm¶mo{JH$ n[aUm‘m| go kmV hþAm {H$ àW‘ g‘yh Ho$ n[aUm‘ {ÛVr¶
go VWm {ÛVr¶ Ho$ V¥Vr¶ g‘yh go AÀN>o Wo&
3. ‘mZ{gH$ goQ> H$m à^md - g‘mYmZ Ho$ g‘¶ {H$gr {deof àH$ma go
AZw{H«$¶m H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm H$mo goQ> H$hVo h¢& ¶h EH$ hr àH$ma H$s
AZw{H«$¶m H$aVo ahZo Ho$ H$maU hmoVr h¡& Bg à^md H$mo dwS>dW© VWm
íbmgdJ© Zo AÝYm H$aZo dmbm à^md H$hm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo EZm
J«måg H$s ghm¶Vm go à¶moJ H$aHo$ goQ> Ho$ à^md H$m Aܶ¶Z H$a
ñnîQ> {H$¶m h¡& Bg goQ> Ho$ H$maU à˶jrH$aU gå~ÝYr pñWaVm
CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡, Omo g‘mYmZ ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVr h¡& bw{MÝg Zo Bgr
àH$ma Ho$ à¶moJ H$a goQ> Ho$ à^md H$mo à‘m{UV {H$¶m h¡&
7.7.6 g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s à{H«$¶m
dmñVd ‘| XoIm Om¶o Vmo A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m hr g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s à{H«$¶m
h¡& EH$ ‘| grIZo na ~b {X¶m OmVm h¡, Xÿgar ‘| g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ na& XmoZm|
hr pñW{V¶m| ‘| ì¶p³V AnZr {H$gr Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© H$aVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$
gm‘Zo H$moB© Z H$moB© CÔoí¶ hmoVm h¡& Bg CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á ‘| H$B© ~mYmE± hmoVr h¢&
~mYmAm| H$mo nma H$aHo$ CÔoí¶ VH$ nhþ±MZo ‘| Ohm± A{YJ‘ ¶m grIZm h¡, dhm±
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ^r h¡& ì¶p³V H$mo g‘ñ¶m H$s AZw^y{V hmoVr h¡, dh CgHo$
g‘mYmZ ‘| AnZr nyar ep³V bJm XoVm h¡& ì¶p³V {H$gr {ZîH$f© VH$ nhþ±MVm
h¡ Am¡a O~ ì¶p³V AnZo {ZîH$f© H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aVm h¡, V^r ¶h H$hm Om
gH$Vm h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ H$s à{H«$¶m nyar hþB© h¡&
{d{^ÝZ {dÛmZm| Zo g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ Ho$ {OZ gmonmZm| H$m CëboI
{H$¶m h¡, CZH$m dU©Z nhbo {H$¶m Om MwH$m h¡& ãbo¶a, OmoÝg VWm {gångZ
Am¡a pñH$Za H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ ¶h Amdí¶H$ Zht {H$ BZ gmonmZm| go g‘ñ¶m
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
g‘mYmZ hmo hr& AVEd BZ na Amdí¶H$Vm go A{YH$ ~b XoZm C{MV Zht&
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Vmo EH$ MH«$H$ à{H«$¶m h¡, {Og‘| EH$ àíZ H$mo hb
H$aVo Hw$N> Am¡a àíZ CËnÝZ hmo OmVo h¢& ¶h ~mV ì¶p³V Am¡a g‘yh XmoZm| na
hr bmJy hmoVr h¡& Bgr{bE Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo H$hm h¡ {H$ {dÚmb¶ H$m H$m¶© g‘ñ¶m
g‘mYmZ hr Zht, g‘ñ¶mE± CËnÝZ H$aZm ^r h¡&
7.7.7 g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Am¡a {ejm
{dÚmb¶m| ‘| g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ~mVm| H$m ܶmZ aIm
OmZm Mm{hE-
1. g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE N>mÌm| Ho$ gm‘Zo ì¶mdhm[aH$ g‘ñ¶mE±
aIr OmE&
2. g‘ñ¶m Eogr hmo, {Og‘| Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ {H$¶m Om gHo$, Omo
‘hÎdnyU© hmo VWm {OgH$m gå~ÝY AmYw{ZH$ H$mb go hmo&
3. g‘ñ¶m Eogr hmo, {Og‘| g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ Ho$ g^r gmonmZ Am OmE&
4. {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ ñVa, e¡{jH$ ñVa VWm nydm©Zw^dm| H$mo ÑpîQ>
‘| aIVo hþE g‘ñ¶m MwZr Om¶o&
5. ewé-ewé ‘| Ho$db AmJ‘Z {d{Y H$m hr à¶moJ {H$¶m Om¶o& ~mX
‘| {ZJ‘Z VWm AmJ‘Z XmoZm| {d{Y¶m| H$m g§¶w³V à¶moJ {H$¶m Om
gH$Vm h¡&
6. {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘o§ Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE àíZmoÎma {d{Y,
dmX-{ddmX à{V¶mo{JVm VWm Aܶ¶Z JmoîR>r Am{X H$s ì¶dñWm
H$s Om¶o&
7. {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| AZwgÝYmZ H$s A{^d¥{Îm H$m, ‘Z H$s EH$mJ«Vm H$m,
bJZ H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m Om¶o, ³¶m|{H$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| BZH$s
Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>Vr h¡&
8. g‘ñ¶m H$mo g‘PZm, V϶m| H$m g§J«h, CnH$ënZmAm| H$m {Z‘m©U,
CZH$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z, {ZîH$f© VH$ nhþ±MZm, {ZîH$f© H$m à¶moJ Am{X
~mVm| H$m nyam nyam {ejU {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo {‘bZm Mm{hE&
9. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ {d{Y¶m| VWm ‘yë¶m| Am{X H$mo {d{^ÝZ n[apñW{V¶m|
‘| grIm OmZm Mm{hE&
10. H«$mo VWm H«$mo Zo {ejm ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| H$hm h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s
ÑpîQ> go AܶmnH$m| H$mo d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y H$m à{ejU XoZm Mm{hE& V^r
do N>mÌ-N>mÌmAm| H$m C{MV ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$a gH|$Jo&
7.8 ImoO
BgH$mo gm‘mݶ ^mfm ‘| nyNVmN> H$aZm ^r H$hVo h¢& àm¶… XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$
N>moQ>o ~mbH$m| ‘| ImoO H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm à~b hmoVr h¡& BgH$m H$maU ¶h h¡
{H$ dh CgHo$ {bE BZ ZdrZ dñVwAm| H$mo OmZZo H$s Vrd« CËH$ÊR>m hmoVr h¡&
Bg{bE XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ àm¶… N>moQ>o ~mbH$ AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm, XmXm-XmXr go
AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ ImoOnyU© àíZ nyN>Vo ahVo h¢& O¡go- am{Ì Ho$ g‘¶ ‘| Iwbo ‘|
~¡R>o hmoZo na MÝБm Am¡a Vmam| Ho$ ~mao ‘| AZ{JZV àíZ nyN>Vo h¢& Bg àH$ma
àíZm| H$s P‹S>r bJZo na CÎma XoVo-XoVo ‘mVm-{nVm ¶m Vmo Pw±Pbm OmVo h¢ ¶m
{’$a CZH$mo S>m±Q> XoVo h¢& Bggo ~mbH$m| H$s ImoO gå~ÝYr {Okmgm H$m X‘Z
 àJʶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 127

hmoVm h¡& ZdrZ AZw^d, ZdrZ kmZ, ZdrZ dñVwAm| H$m n[aM¶ ¶m OmZH$mar 4. V϶ EH${ÌV H$aZo H$s H$bm ‘| àdrU ~Zm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
àmá H$aZo H$s {Okmgm hr ~mbH$m| ‘| ImoO H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm H$mo OmJ«V² H$aVr 5. V϶m| H$m {díbofU H$aZo H$s {d{Y H$m {dH${gV hmoZm&
h¡& n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶ VWm {ejH$ ~mbH$m| ‘| {dÚ‘mZ Bg ImoO H$s àd¥{Îm H$m 6. g‘ñ¶m go gå~pÝYV CnH$ënZmAm| H$m {dH$mg VWm CZH$s Om±M
bm^ Zht CR>mVo h¢& H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm H$m {dH$mg hmoZm&
ImoO A{YJ‘ H$s EH$ CÎm‘ {d{Y h¡, {Og‘| ~mbH$ ñd¶§ A{YJ‘ Ho$ 7. V϶m| Ho$ AmYma na {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm H$m {dH$mg&
{bE ào[aV hmoVm h¡& {ejH$ H$mo ~mbH$m| H$s Bg àd¥{Îm H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoZm Mm{h¶o&
{ejH$ H$mo gX¡d ^moOZ nH$mH$a namogZo H$s àd¥{Îm go ~MZm Mm{hE& ImoO Ûmam *******
Omo kmZ Am¡a AZw^d A{O©V {H$E OmVo h¢, do A{YH$ ñWm¶r hmoVo h¢& AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AܶmnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB©
ImoO {ejU H$m EH$ CnmJ‘ h¡& Bgo {ejU à{V‘mZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| {b¶m H$a aho h¢ Vmo Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr
OmVm h¡& {ejU à{V‘mZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| BgH$m {dH$mg gZ² 1962 ‘| [aMS>© gM‘¡Z H$jm Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm
Zo {H$¶m Wm& {ejU H$m ¶h CnmJ‘ g¥OZmË‘H$ AZwgÝYmZ na AmYm[aV h¡& ¶h h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&
UPTET - 95301 43210
CnmJ‘ N>mÌm| ‘| gm‘m{OH$ XjVmAm| H$m Bg àH$ma {dH$mg H$aVm h¡ {H$ Cggo MP Samvida - 95302 43210

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N>mÌ gw{dYmnydH© $ g‘mO Ho$ gmW AnZm g‘m¶moOZ ñWm{nV H$a boVm h¡& BTET - 95302 43210
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7.8.1 ImoO H$s ‘mݶVmE± JTET - 72209 29239
ImoO CnmJ‘ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘mݶVmAm| na AmYm[aV h¡- HTET - 72209 29266
1. N>mÌ ZdrZ kmZ H$mo àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE BÀNw>H$ Am¡a CËgwH$ hmoVm h¡& CGTET - 72209 28969
HPTET - 72209 28535
2. A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m ‘| N>mÌ H$s gh^m{JVm ~‹T>mZo Ho$ gmW A{YJ‘
à^mdr hmoVm OmEJm&
AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$
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3. ñdVÝÌ ImoO Ho$ Adga àXmZ H$aZo go A{YJ‘ n[apñW{V¶m| na

gH$mamË‘H$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& nong©, ‘m°S>b nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go
4. Amdí¶H$ {ZX}eZ d ghm¶Vm XoZo na N>mÌ A{YJ‘ n[apñW{V¶m| H$mo ‘mJ©Xe©Z {H$¶m OmEJm, Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm
gab, gwJ‘ Am¡a ì¶dpñWV H$a boVo h¢& àmá H$a gH|$&
5. gh¶moJ na AmYm[aV ImoO N>mÌm| Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ AZwemgZ ‘| ghm¶Vm
XoVr h¡&

7.8.2 ImoO H$s à{H«$¶m

ImoO CnmJ‘ H$m ‘w»¶ CÔoí¶ N>mÌm| ‘| gH$mamË‘H$ H$m¡ebm| H$m {dH$mg H$aZm
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h¡, {Oggo do V϶m| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ImoO, {díbofU VWm ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$a gH|$&
BgHo$ {bE N>mÌm| ‘| ì¶p³VJV j‘VmAm| H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ImoO
gå~ÝYr H$m¶© Ho$ {bE {ejH$ Am¡a N>mÌm| H$mo Mma ñVam| go JwOaZm n‹S>Vm h¡,
Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢- àJʶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ à˶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET, MP
1. g‘ñ¶m H$s nhMmZ VWm n[a^mfrH$aU& Samvida, BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET, HPTET)
2. g‘ñ¶m go gå~pÝYV V϶m| H$m g§J«h H$aZm& Ho$ {bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡& ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s
3. g§H${bV V϶m| H$m {díbofU H$aZm& PDF àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$
4. V϶ {díbofU Ho$ AmYma na A{YJ‘ n[apñW{V¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U ³bmg J«wn ¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m Aݶ ñQ>S>r Jw«n ‘| Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘|
H$aZm& ‘m°S>b nona ^ooO {XE OmE±J|&

7.8.3 ImoO Ho$ Cn¶moJ UPTET - 95301 43210

ImoO {d{Y ~‹S>r Cn¶moJr h¡& ImoO Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV Cn¶moJ h¢- MP Samvida - 95302 43210
BTET - 95302 43210
1. N>mÌm| H$mo BgHo$ Ûmam AmË‘{Z^©a ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡&
UTET - 72209 29294
2. BgHo$ Ûmam N>mÌm| ‘| H$m¶©-H$maU gå~ÝY g‘PZo ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr JTET - 72209 29239
h¡& HTET - 72209 29266
3. N>mÌm| ‘| d¡km{ZH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU H$m {dH$mg gå^d h¡& CGTET - 72209 28969
HPTET - 72209 28535
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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 n¥îR> 128 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&

Aä¶mgmW© àíZ 10. Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ {ZåZ ‘| go {H$gH$m EH$ Amdí¶H$ A§J h¡?
(1) gm‘mݶ {ejm H$m (2) g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$m
(3) gm‘wXm{¶H$ ‘m±J H$m (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

11. aMZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ ‘| ApÝV‘ gmonmZ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm h¡?

1. {MÝVZ ‘| ........... em{‘b h¢-
(1) V϶ g§J«h (2) J^uH$aU
(1) à{V‘m, ^mfm, H$ënZm, à{Vk{ßV
(3) ñ’w$Q>Z (4) Om±M
(2) à{V‘m, H$ënZm, g§H$ënZm, à{Vk{ßV
(3) H$ënZm, ^mfm, g§H$ënZm, à{Vk{ßV 12. aMZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ ‘| nhbr AdñWm {ZåZ{b{IV ‘o go H$m¡Zgr h¡?
(4) à{V‘m, ^mfm, g§H$ënZm, à{Vk{ßV (1) V϶ g§J«h (2) J^uH$aU
(3) ñ’w$Q>Z (4) Om±M
2. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘o§ go H$m¡Zgm {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| g~go H$‘ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡?
(1) VH©$Um (2) g‘ñ¶m 13. {dkmZ Am¡a J{UV ‘| {MÝVZ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$ZHo$ {~Zm gå^d
(3) gm‘mݶrH$aU (4) ñ‘¥{V Zht h¡?
(1) à˶j (2) à{V‘m
3. g¥OZmË‘H$Vm ‘w»¶ ê$n go ........... go gå~pÝYV h¡&
(3) àVrH$ (4) {M• Am¡a gyÌ
(1) ‘m°S>qbJ ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
(2) AZwH$aU nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
14. dñVwAm| H$s AZwnpñW{V ‘§o CZHo$ {df¶ ‘| {MÝVZ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go
h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
(3) A{^gmar {MÝVZ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> {H$ggo hmoVm h¡?
(4) Angmar (~hþ{dY) {MÝVZ www.praganya.org
na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF (1) à˶j (2) à{V‘m
S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
4. {MÝVZ A{Zdm¶© ê$n go h¡ EH$- (3) gåà˶j (4) àVrH$
(1) g§kmZmË‘H$ J{V{d{Y (2) ‘ZmoJ{VH$ à{H«$¶m
15. ‘Zwî¶m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| àW‘ gmonmZ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go
(3) ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ n[aKQ>Zm (4) ^mdmË‘H$ ì¶dhma
H$m¡Zgm h¡?
5. g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ gX¡d hmoVm h¡- (1) gd©OrddmX (2) gd©‘mZddmX
(1) {dZmeH$mar (2) aMZmË‘H$ (3) ¶ÝÌdmX (4) ¶WmW©dmX
(3) A{^gmar (4) EH$ag
16. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {MÝVZ Ho$ g~go A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© CnH$aU H$m¡Zgo
6. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| g~go H$‘ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡? h¢?
(1) {MÌ (2) àVrH$ Ed§ {M• (1) à˶j (2) à{V‘mE±
(3) ‘m±gnoer¶ {H«$¶mE± (4) ^mfm (3) gåà˶j (4) gyÌ

7. {MÝVZ H$s ÑpîQ> go {H$gr ~ÀMo ‘| gd©loîR> {MÝVZ h¡- 17. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {MÝVZ Ho$ CnH$aU h¢-
(1) H$ënZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ (2) à˶jmË‘H$ {MÝVZ (1) à˶j (2) à{V‘mE±
(3) à˶¶mË‘H$ {MÝVZ (4) Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ (3) gåà˶j (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

8. g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ hmoVm h¡- 18. à{V‘mg{hV {MÝVZ H$mo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go ³¶m ‘mZm
(1) CÀM Angmar {MÝVZ (2) A{^gmar {MÝVZ h¡?
(3) ‘yë¶m§H$Z (4) ^mfm {dH$mg (1) ‘yV© {MÝVZ (2) A‘yV© {MÝVZ
(3) 1 Ed§ 2 XmoZm| (4) Cn¶w©³V H$moB© Zht
9. {MÝVZ VWm VH©$ H$m CÔoí¶ h¡-
(1) g‘ñ¶m H$mo O{Q>b ~ZmZm 19. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo ^mfmhrZ Am¡a ^mfm¶w³V
(2) g§doJ H$mo g‘mßV H$aZm {MÝVZ ‘| AÝVa {H$¶m h¡?
(3) g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZm (1) Oo. ~r. dmQ>gZ (2) ‘wba$
(4) g§kmZ H$m AÝV H$aZm (3) Wm°g©Z (4) h¡S>

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
(3) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (3) (2) (4) (1) (4) (4) (1) (3) (4) (2) (2)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 129

20. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo {MÝVZ H$mo AmÝV[aH$ dmUr 29. ~ÀMo Ûmam g§H$ënZm {Z‘m©U Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm
H$hm h¡? H$WZ ghr h¡?
(1) Oo. ~r. dmQ>gZ (2) ³bmH©$ (1) g§H$ënZmE± g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go gwì¶dpñWV hmoVr h¢&
(3) Wm°g©Z (4) h¡S> (2) g§H$ënZm {dH$mg H$s EH$ {ZpíMV g§aMZmË‘H$ ì¶dñWm hmoVr h¡&
(3) g§H$ënZmAm| H$s àH¥${V nXmZwH«${‘H$ Zht hmoVr h¡&
21. ‘mZd ‘| {MÝVZ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| g~go nhbm g§à˶¶ (Concept) (4) g§H$ënZmE± d¡¶p³VH$ Zht hmoVr h¡&
{ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm h¡?
(1) Ah‘² H$m gåà˶¶ (2) Xoe H$m gåà˶¶ 30. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s d¡km{ZH$ nÕ{V H$m
(3) H$mb H$m gåà˶¶ (4) g§»¶m H$m gåà˶¶ nhbm MaU h¡?
(1) àm³H$ënZm H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm
22. {MÝVZ H$m n[aUm‘ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm h¡? (2) àm³H$ënZm H$m narjU H$aZm
(1) à¶ËZ Am¡a ^yb (2) {díbofU Am¡a g§íbofU (3) g‘ñ¶m Ho$ à{V OmJê$H$Vm
(3) AÝVÑ©pîQ> (4) g‘ñ¶m gwbPmd (4) àmg§{JH$ OmZH$mar H$mo EH$Ì H$aZm

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23. {MÝVZ ‘| nhbm gmonmZ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm h¡? 31. {MÝVZ Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
(1) à¶ËZ Am¡a ^yb (2) {díbofU Am¡a g§íbofU 1. {MÝVZ H$m gå~ÝY dmñV{dH$Vm go hmoVm h¡&
(3) AÝVÑ©pîQ> (4) g‘ñ¶m gwbPmd 2. {MÝVZ VH©$ àYmZ hmoVm h¡&
3. {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m hmoZm Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡&
24. {MÝVZ H$m à‘wI ê$n {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go ³¶m h¡?
Cnamo³V ‘| go H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ g˶ h¡/h¢?
(1) {dMma (2) gåà˶j
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(3) H$ënZm (4) VH©$
(3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r
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25. {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go ³¶m em{‘b h¡?

32. {H$gr ~ÀMo Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| Am¶w Ho$ ~‹T>Zo Ho$ gmW-gmW {H$gH$s
(1) AÝVX©¥pîQ> (2) nyd©ÑpîQ>
(3) níMmVÑpîQ> (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r àYmZVm ~‹T>Vr h¡?
(1) VH©$ H$s (2) gm‘mݶrH$aU H$s
26. {MÝVZ H$m bú¶ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go ³¶m h¡? (3) AmË‘Ho$ÝÐrH$aU H$s (4) OrddmX H$s
(1) AZwgÝYmZ (2) Am{dîH$ma
(3) 1 VWm 2 XmoZm| (4) Cn¶w©³V H$moB© Zht 33. {H$gr ~ÀMo ‘| {MÝVZ H$m à‘wI H$maU ³¶m h¡?
1. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$aZm
27. {ejH$ ........... Ho$ Abmdm {ZåZ{b{IV g^r H$mo H$aVo hþE g‘ñ¶m 2. {ZU©¶ boZo H$s ^mdZm
3. dmVmdaU Ho$ à{V M¡Vݶ g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo hoVw
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g‘mYmZ H$mo {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ {bE ‘OoXma ~Zm gH$Vm h¡&

(1) O~ {dÚmWu go H$moB© H$m¶© H$amZo H$s H$mo{ee H$a aho hmo, Vmo CZgo (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
n[anyU©Vm H$s Anojm H$aZo (3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r
(2) ‘w³V AÝV dmbr gm‘J«r CnbãY H$amZo
34. {Jb’$moS>© Zo A{^gmar {MÝVZ nX H$m à¶moJ {H$gHo$ g‘mZ AW© ‘|
(3) ‘w³V Iob Ho$ {bE g‘¶ XoZo
(4) g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE Agr{‘V Adga CnbãY H$amZo {H$¶m h¡?
(1) ~w{Õ
28. {MÝVZ Ho$ gyMZm àH«$‘U {gÕmÝV ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV MaU AmVo h¢- (2) g¥OZmË‘H$Vm
1. à{V{H«$¶m {H«$¶mÝd¶Z (3) ~w{Õ Ed§ g¥OZmË‘H$Vm
2. à{V{H«$¶m M¶Z (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
3. nyd©-àH«$‘U
4. loUrH$aU 35. {n¶mOo H$s H$m¡Zgr AdñWm H$m gå~ÝY A‘yV© Ed§ Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ
(1) 2,4,3,1 (2) 3,1,4,2 go h¡?
(3) 4,3,2,1 (4) 3,4,2,1 (1) g§doXr Jm‘H$ AdñWm (2) nyd© g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm
(3) A‘yV© g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm (4) ‘yV© g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm

20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
(1) (1) (4) (1) (4) (4) (3) (1) (4) (2) (3) (4) (1) (4) (2) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 130 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
36. {H$gr ~mbH$ ‘| {MÝVZ H$s ¶mo½¶Vm CgHo$ g’$b OrdZ H$m ‘yb 43. {Q>MZa H$s H$mZ}b à¶moJembm ‘| hþE à¶moJm| go {MÝVZ Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV
AmYma h¡& ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡? ê$nm| ‘| go {H$gH$m g‘W©Z hþAm?
(1) OrZ {n¶mOo H$m (1) à{V‘mg{hV {MÝVZ (2) à{V‘mhrZ {MÝVZ
(2) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo H$m (3) 1 VWm 2 XmoZm| (4) Cn¶w©³V H$moB© Zht
(3) habm°H$ H$m
(4) pñH$Za H$m 44. AnZr Xmo H$ݶmAm| na à¶moJ H$aHo$ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo à{V‘mhrZ {MÝVZ H$m g‘W©Z {H$¶m?
37. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go ³¶m {MÝVZ H$s EH$ {deofVm Zht h¡? (1) B©. ~r. {Q>MZa (2) Eë’«o$S> {~Zo
(1) {MÝVZ H$m gå~ÝY dmñV{dH$Vm go hmoVm h¡& (3) Or. B©. ‘wba (4) Oo. ~r. dmQ>gZ
(2) {MÝVZ VH©$àYmZ hmoVm h¡&
(3) {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m hmoZm Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡& 45. D$O©~J© gåàXm¶ ‘| {MÝVZ na nhbo à¶moJ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g
(4) {MÝVZ H$ënZm go A{YH$ MoVZ hmoVm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo {H$E?
(1) Hw$ëno Zo (2) ‘m~} Zo
38. ‘mܶ{‘H$ H$jmAm| ‘| EH$ AܶmnH$ N>mÌm| ‘| {MÝVZ H$m {dH$mg H$a (3) ‘wba Zo (4) ‘oga Zo
gH$Vm h¡-
(1) N>mÌm| H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m g‘mYmZ H$aHo$ 46. D$O©~J© gåàXm¶ Zo {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g àUmbr ‘| {MÝVZ H$mo
(2) VH©$ Am¡a dmX-{ddmX H$s à{V¶mo{JVmAm| H$m Am¶moOZ H$aHo$ à{V‘mhrZ nm¶m?
(3) N>mÌm| H$s ê${M¶m| H$m {dH$mg H$aHo$ (1) {ZarjU (2) AÝVX©e©Z
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r (3) {díbofU (4) g§íbofU

39. OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX {H$gr ~mbH$ ‘| {MÝVZ H$m {dH$mg H$~ àmaå^ hmoVm h¡? 47. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ gåàXm¶ {MÝVZ H$mo g§H${bV
(1) Xmo df© H$s Am¶w Ho$ ~mX à{H«$¶m ‘mZVm h¡?
(2) nm±M df© H$s Am¶w Ho$ ~mX (1) ì¶dhmadmX (2) gmhM¶©dmX
(3) gmV df© H$s Am¶w Ho$ ~mX (3) D$O©~J© gåàXm¶ (4) J¡ñQ>mëQ>dmX
(4) nÝÐh df© H$s Am¶w Ho$ ~mX
48. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Ho$ à¶moJm| go {MÝVZ ‘| {~å~ H$m
40. AmnH$s H$jm H$m EH$ N>mÌ a‘oe h‘oem AmnHo$ gmW VH©$ H$aVm hmo, Vmo ‘hÎd ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡?
AmnH$s am¶ a‘oe Ho$ {df¶ ‘| ³¶m hmoJr? (1) dwÊQ> (2) dmQ>gZ
(1) a‘oe H$jm ‘| g~go A{YH$ ~mobZo dmbm N>mÌ h¡& (3) ‘wba (4) ‘m~}
(2) a‘oe EH$ H$ënZmerb N>mÌ h¡&
(3) a‘oe EH$ {MÝVZerb N>mÌ h¡& 49. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ gåàXm¶ à{V‘mhrZ {MÝVZ
(4) a‘oe H$s nm[adm[aH$ n[apñW{V¶m°§ R>rH$ Zht h¡& H$s nwpîQ> H$aVm h¡?
(1) ì¶dhmadmXr (2) gmhM¶©dmXr
41. g¥OZmË‘H$Vm Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ g˶ h¡? (3) D$O©~J© gåàXm¶ (4) J¡ñQ>mëQ>dmXr
(1) g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ ‘| EH$ gr‘m VH$ A{^gmar {MÝVZ ^r hmoVm h¡&
(2) g¥OZmË‘H$Vm EH$ bú¶ {ZX}{eV à{H«$¶m h¡& 50. {MÝVZ H$s g~go ~‹S>r nhMmZ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go ³¶m h¡?
(3) g¥OZmË‘H$Vm ‘| ì¶p³V Hw$N> Z¶r Ed§ {^ÝZ MrOm| H$s aMZm H$aVm h¡& (1) {dMma (2) H$ënZm
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r (3) gåà˶j (4) g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ

42. Eb. Eg. dmBJmoËñH$s Ho$ AZwgma- 51. ~ÀMm| ‘| grIZo Am¡a gwZZo Ho$ {bE A{YJ‘ ¶mo½¶ dmVmdaU Ho$ {bE
(1) ^mfm Ed§ {MÝVZ EH$-Xÿgao go ñdVÝÌ ê$n go {dH${gV hmoVo h¢& {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Z Cn¶w³V h¡?
(2) ^mfm EH$ A{O©V ¶mo½¶Vm h¡& (1) {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo ¶h Ny>Q> XoZm {H$ ³¶m grIZm h¡ Am¡a H¡$go grIZm h¡
(3) ^mfm {MÝVZ H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aVr h¡& (2) EH$ bå~o g‘¶ Ho$ {bE [ZpîH«$¶ ê$n go gwZZm
(4) {MÝVZ ^mfm H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡& (3) {ZaÝVa J¥hH$m¶© XoVo ahZm
(4) grIZo dmbo Ûmam ì¶p³VJV H$m¶© H$aZm

36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.
(2) (3) (4) (1) (3) (4) (1) (1) (2) (1) (2) (3) (1) (3) (4) (1)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 131

52. ~mbH$m| ‘| gmoMZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm g’$b OrdZ Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡& {ZåZ 60. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ dh à{V‘mZ h¡, {Og‘| Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ {Z{hV hmoVm
‘o§ go ¶h ‘V {H$gH$m h¡? h¡& {ZåZ ‘| go ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡?
(1) {n¶mOo H$m (2) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo H$m (1) ñQ>oZbo H$m (2) {ñH$Za H$m
(3) {ñH$Za H$m (4) nmdbm°d H$m (3) {n¶mOo H$m (4) nmdbm°d H$m

53. ~ÀMo Ho$ gmoMZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| {H$g AmYma na gmoMZo H$mo g~go CÀM 61. EH$ ~mbH$ Ûmam {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ ‘| go
‘mZm J¶m h¡? ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ H$m¡Zgm JwU hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡?
(1) ê${M Ho$ AmYma na gmoMZm níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr 1. ^mfm H$m {dH$mg 2. ñdmdbå~r
H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ
(2) AZw^d Ho$ AmYma na gmoMZm OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
3. ~ma-~ma à¶mg H$aZo H$s AmXV
(3) VH©$ Ho$ AmYma na gmoMZm www.praganya.org (1) 1 Ed§ 2 (2) 1 Ed§ 3
(4) AZwH$aU Ho$ AmYma na gmoMZm go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|& (3) 2 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r

54. {H$gr ~mbH$ ‘| VH©$ Ho$ AmYma na gmoMZo H$s j‘Vm Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ 62. {H$gr g‘ñ¶m Ho$ gå^m{dV g‘mYmZm| H$m narjU H$hm± {H$¶m OmVm h¡?
(1) à¶moJembm ‘| (2) H$ht na ^r

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{bE Amdí¶H$ VÎd h¡-
(1) ^mfm gåàofU ‘| {ZnwUVm (3) {dÚmb¶ ‘| (4) Ka na
(2) Agr{‘V H$ënZm ep³V
(3) ~mbH$ Ho$ g‘j AZoH$ g‘ñ¶mE± 63. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘o§ go H$m¡Zgr {deofVm g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ CnmJ‘ H$m {deof
(4) CgH$s ~mobZo H$s J{V {M• h¡?
(1) g‘ñ¶m H$WZ ‘| g§Ho$V AÝV{Z©{hV ê$n go {X¶m hmoVm h¡&
55. h‘ H$aHo$ grIVo h¢& ¶h {H$gZo H$hm? (2) g‘ñ¶m ‘m¡{bH$ hmoVr h¡&
(1) S>m°. ‘og Zo (2) ¶mo³‘ Zo (3) ghr CÎma àmßV H$aZo H$m gm‘mݶV… EH$ CnmJ‘ hmoVm h¡&
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(3) H$mbg¡{ZH$ Zo (4) {gångZ Zo (4) g‘ñ¶m Ho$db EH$ {gÕmÝV/àH$aU na AmYm[aV hmoVr h¡&

56. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s à{H«$¶m H$m MaU Zht h¢- 64. {H$gr ~mbH$ H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ {df¶ ‘| nVm bJmZo Ho$ {bE H$‘
(1) n[aUm‘m| H$s Amem H$aZm Cn¶moJr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {d{Y h¡-
(2) g‘ñ¶m H$s nhMmZ (1) à¶moJmË‘H$ {d{Y (2) {ZarjU {d{Y
(3) g‘ñ¶m H$mo N>moQ>o {hñgm| ‘| ~m±Q>Zm (3) narjU {d{Y (4) d¡¶{³VH$ B{Vhmg {d{Y
(4) gå^m{dV ¶wp³V¶m| H$mo ImoOZm
65. {H$gr g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ hoVw Amdí¶H$ VÎd h¢-
57. H$moB© ~ÀMm AnZo Ûmam {ZpíMV H$s JB© gdm}Îm‘ {d{Y H$m à¶moJ H$aVm (1) OmZH$mar (2) VH©$
h¡- (3) AmH«$moe (4) ^¶
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(1) g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE

(2) ñHy$b N>mo‹S>H$a ^mJ OmZo Ho$ {bE 66. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s AÝVÑ©pîQ> {d{Y Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {H$gHo$ Ûmam
(3) EH$ njr¶ {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE dZ‘mZwfm| na {H$E JE à¶moJ CëboIZr¶ h¢?
(4) Cnamo³V g^r (1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ûmam (2) H$mohba Ûmam
(3) pñH$Za Ûmam (4) OrZ {n¶mOo Ûmam
58. O~ H$moB© ~ÀMm AnZr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ ñd¶§ H$aZo bJVm h¡, Vmo
Cg‘| {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm JwU {dH${gV hmo OmVm h¡? 67. EH$ {ejH$ H$mo gmYZ gånÝZ hmoZm Mm{hE& BgH$m AW© h¡-
(1) d¡km{ZH$ AÝdofH$ H$m (2) à{VemoY H$m (1) CZHo$ nmg n¶m©ßV YZ-gånXm hmoZr Mm{hE, Vm{H$ CÝh| {ejU XoZo H$s
(3) B©î¶m© H$m (4) g‘ñ¶m H$m Oê$aV Z n‹S>o&
(2) CZH$m A{YH$m[a¶m| Ho$ CÀM ñVa go gånH©$ hmoZm Mm{hE&
59. {H$gr ~mbH$ ‘| VH©$ VWm g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s ep³V H$m {dH$mg (3) CZH$mo AnZo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo hb H$aZo H$m n¶m©ßV kmZ
H$~ hmoVm h¡? hmoZm Mm{hE&
(1) 15d| df© ‘| (2) 12d| df© ‘| (4) {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ ~rM CZH$s à{g{Õ hmoZr Mm{hE&
(3) 7d| df© ‘| (4) 8d| df© ‘|

52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67.
(2) (3) (1) (1) (3) (1) (1) (2) (1) (4) (2) (1) (3) (2) (2) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 132 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
68. EH$ {ejH$ Ho$ {bE g~go ‘hÎdnyU© ³¶m h¡? 77. A{YJ‘ à^mdembr ê$n ‘| hmoVm h¡, ¶{X-
(1) H$jm ‘| AZwemgZ ~ZmE aIZm (1) ~ÀMo H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE VËna {H$¶m OmE&
(2) H$jm ‘| g‘¶mZwdVu hmoZm (2) ~ÀMm, Omo dh grIVm h¡, Cgo XmohamE&
(3) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s H${R>ZmB¶m| H$mo Xÿa H$aZm (3) ~ÀMm gÝVwîQ> AZw^d H$ao&
(4) EH$ gwd³Vm hmoZm (4) ~ÀMm Cn¶w©³V g^r H$ao&

69. g‘ñ¶m Ho$ AW© H$mo OmZZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm, dmVmdaU Ho$ Xmofm|, H${‘¶m| Ed§ 78. AmnH$s H$jm H$m EH$ ~ÀMm {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$mo g‘PZo H$m à¶mg H$a
[ap³V¶m| Ho$ à{V gOJVm {deofVm h¡? ahm h¡& Amn Cg ~ÀMo Ho$ {df¶ ‘| ³¶m H$h|Jo?
(1) à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$s (2) gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| H$s (1) ~ÀMm gm‘mݶ gmoM dmbm h¡&
(3) g¥OZerb ~mbH$m| H$s (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (2) ~ÀMo H$s ~w{ÕbpãY 70 go H$‘ h¡&
(3) ~ÀMo ‘| d¡km{ZH$ gmoM H$m {dH$mg hmo ahm h¡&
70. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ A{YJ‘ H$m à˶j gå~ÝY h¡- (4) ~ÀMo H$m ‘Z n‹T>mB© ‘| Z bJH$a BYa-CYa H$s ~mVm| ‘| bJm ahVm h¡&
(1) ñ‘¥{V ñVa go (2) Ad~moY ñVa go
(3) {MÝVZ ñVa go (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r 79. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘o§ go H$m¡Zgr {deofVm g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ CnmJ‘ H$m {deof
{M• h¡?
71. H$jm ‘| AZwemgZ H$s g‘ñ¶m {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g go gå~pÝYV (1) ghr CÎma àmßV H$aZo H$m gm‘mݶV… EH$ CnmJ‘ hmoVm h¡&
h¡? (2) g‘ñ¶m Ho$db EH$ {gÕmÝV/àH$aU na AmYm[aV hmoVr h¡&
(1) H$m¡Zgm {df¶ n‹T>m¶m Om ahm h¡? (3) g‘ñ¶m H$WZ ‘| g§Ho$V AÝV{Z©{hV ê$n go {X¶m OmVm h¡&
(2) n‹T>m¶m Om ahm {df¶ {H$VZm amoMH$ h¡? (4) g‘ñ¶m ‘m¡{bH$ hmoVr h¡&
(3) N>mÌ H$jm ‘| H¡$go ~¡R>o h¢?
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r *******
AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AܶmnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB© H$a
72. AZwemgZ H$s g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE EH$ gwPmd ¶h ^r AÀN>m aho h¢ Vmo Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr H$jm Ho$
h¡- ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m
(1) N>mÌm| H$mo Z¡{VH$ {ejm A{Zdm¶© ê$n go Xr OmE& H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&
(2) N>mÌm| Ho$ AmMaU na ^r A§H$ {XE OmE±& UPTET - 95301 43210
(3) AZwemgZhrZVm na ^mar XÊS> {X¶m OmE& MP Samvida - 95302 43210
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r& BTET - 95302 43210
UTET - 72209 29294
73. N>mÌ g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ gm‘y{hH$ ê$n go H$aVm h¡- JTET - 72209 29239
(1) AÝdofU {d{Y ‘| (2) n[a¶moOZm {d{Y ‘| HTET - 72209 29266
(3) ImoO {d{Y ‘| (4) BZ g^r ‘| CGTET - 72209 28969
HPTET - 72209 28535
74. {ejU H$mo ~ohVa ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$-
(1) nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$mo ~ma-~ma Xmoham¶m OmE& AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$ nong©,
(2) J¥hH$m¶© {X¶m OmE&
‘m°S>b nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go ‘mJ©Xe©Z
(3) N>mÌm| H$mo àíZ nyN>Zo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV {H$¶m OmE&
{H$¶m OmEJm, Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm àmá H$a gH|$&
(4) N>mÌm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z Am¡a g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ gmW-gmW {H$¶m OmE&

75. {ejm Ho$ {H$g ñVa H$s g‘ñ¶m A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡?
(1) àmW{‘H$ ñVa H$s (2) CÀM àmW{‘H$ ñVa H$s
(3) ‘mܶ{‘H$ ñVa H$s (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

76. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm grIZo H$m joÌ h¡?

(1) ì¶mdgm{¶H$ (2) AmZw^{dH$
(3) ^mdmˑH$ (4) AmܶmpˑH$
68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79.
(3) (3) (3) (4) (1) (2) (4) (4) (2) (1) (3) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 133

Aܶm¶ 8
A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘
H$aZm, Amaå^ H$aZm, Omar aIZm VWm {Xem àXmZ H$aZm hmoVm h¡&
8.1 àñVmdZm
{dÚm{W©¶m| H$s A{^àoaUm AܶmnH$ Ho$ {bE EH$ Eogr g‘ñ¶m h¡ {OgH$s Amoa 2. dwS>dW© Ho$ AZwgma-
ܶmZ XoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo n‹T>mVo g‘¶ AܶmnH$ A{^àoaUm H$s A{^àaoUm ì¶p³V H$s dh Xem h¡ Omo {H$gr {ZpíMV CÔoí¶ H$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE,
g‘ñ¶m H$mo EH$ ~hþV hr ‘hÎdnyU© g‘ñ¶m g‘PVo h¢& à˶oH$ ‘mZdr¶ H$m¶© {ZpíMV ì¶dhma H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVr h¡&

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H$s Vh ‘| A{^àoaUm {H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n ‘| {dÚ‘mZ ahVr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ‘Zwî¶
3. JoQ²>g d Aݶ Ho$ AZwgma-
{H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n ‘| Ame¶ ¶m ‘ZmoaW Ûmam {ZX}eZ àmá H$aVm h¡& OrdZ Ho$
ha joÌ ‘| VWm H$m¶moª Ho$ MaUm| ‘§o A{^àoaUm H$m à‘wI hmW hmoVm h¡ Bg{bE A{^àoaUm àmUr Ho$ ^rVa H$s do emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Xem¶| h¢, Omo Cgo
{deof àH$ma H$s {H«$¶m H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aVr h¡&
h‘mao OrdZ ‘o§ g’$bVm H$s àm{á A{^àoaUm na hr {Z^©a H$aVr h¡& A{^àoaUm
H$mo grIZo H$m öX¶, grIZo H$s gwZhar g‹S>H$, A{Zdm¶© pñW{V Am¡a grIZo 4. JwS> Ho$ AZwgma-
H$m à‘wI H$maH$ H$hm OmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ gmam grIZm ào[aV grIZm hmoVm h¡& A{^àoaUm {H«$¶m H$mo àmaå^ H$aZo, Omar aIZo VWm {Z¶{ÝÌV aIZo H$s à{H«$¶m h¡&
g‘w{MV A{^àoaUm {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ à{V{~å~, ܶmZ, ê${M VWm à¶ËZ n¡Xm H$aHo$
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grIZo Ho$ H$m¶© H$mo CÝZV H$aVr h¡& grIZo H$m H$m¶© à^mdembr ¶m Hw$eb 5. Om°ZgZ Ho$ AZwgma-
VWm g’$b Zht hmo gH$Vm O~ VH$ {H$ {ZaÝVa ‘ZmoaW nyU© VWm M¶Z H$aZo A{^àoaUm gm‘mݶ {H«$¶m H$bmnm| H$m à^md h¡, Omo àmUr Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo B§{JV Am¡a
H$s H$mo{ee Z hmo& Bg{bE AܶmnH$ H$s g‘ñ¶m ¶h h¡ {H$ dh BZ ‘ZmoaWm| {ZX}{eV H$aVr h¡&
VWm é{M¶m| H$mo {ejm Ho$ CÔoí¶ Ho$ {bE ImoOo, {ZX}eZ H$ao VWm ‘ybYZ ‘|
6. ãbo¶a, OmoÝg d {gångZ Ho$ AZwgma-
~Xb Xo&
A{^àoaUm EH$ à{H«$¶m h¡ {Og‘| A{YJ‘ H$s AmÝV[aH$ ep³V¶m± ¶m Amdí¶H$VmE±
CgHo$ dmVmdaU ‘| {d{dY bú¶m| H$s Amoa {ZX}{eV hmoVr h¢&
8.2 A{^àoaUm H$m AW© 7. bm°dob Ho$ AZwgma-
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A{^àoaUm eãX H$s CËn{Îm b¡{Q>Z ^mfm Ho$ ‘moQ>‘ go hþB© h¡, {OgH$m AW© h¡
A{^àoaUm EH$ Eogr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ¶m AmÝV[aH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo {H$gr Amdí¶H$Vm
J{V H$aZm ¶m BÝgmBQ> Qw> Eo³eZ& AV… A{^àoaUm dh à{H«$¶m h¡ Omo H$‘© n¡Xm H$s CnpñW{V ‘| CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡& ¶h Eogr [H«$¶m H$s Amoa CÝ‘wI hmoVr h¡, Omo Cg
H$aZo, CÝZ{V H$mo H$m¶‘ aIZo, H$m¶© Ho$ Z‘yZo H$mo {Z¶{‘V aIZo VWm {Xem Amdí¶H$Vm H$mo g§VwîQ> H$aoJr&
XoZo H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¡& BgHo$ {bE ¶h eara ‘| VÝVwAm| ‘| e[³V Ûmam n[adV©Z
n¡Xm H$aVr h¡& ¶h {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| n‹T>mB© VWm Aݶ H$m¶moª Ho$ {bE ê${M n¡Xm H$aZo 8. {Jb’$moS>© Ho$ AZwgma-
VWm CZ‘| Omoe ^aZo H$s H$bm h¡& A{^àoaUm H$moB© {deof AmÝV[aH$ H$maH$ AWdm Xem h¡, {Og‘| {H«$¶m H$mo Amaå^
àoaUm H$m AW© ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE h‘| BÀN>mAm| Am¡a àoaH$m| H$mo ñnîQ> H$aZo Ed§ ~Zm¶o aIZo H$s àH¥${V hmoVr h¡&
g‘PZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& O~ h‘| {H$gr dñVw H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡, Vmo h‘mao 9. ~aZmS>© Ho$ AZwgma-
AÝXa EH$ BÀN>m CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡, {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n D$Om© CËnÝZ hmo OmVr
A{^àoaUm Ûmam CZ {d{Y¶m| H$s ImoO H$s OmVr h¡ Omo ~mbH$ H$mo ñHy$b Ûmam àXÎm
h¡, Omo àoaH$ e[³V H$mo J{Verb ~ZmVr h¡& A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE BÀNw>H$ ~ZmVr h¡&

10. ‘¡JmoM Ho$ AZwgma-

8.3 A{^àoaUm H$s n[a^mfmE± àoaH$ àmUr H$s H$moB© Xem h¡ Omo {XE J¶o H$m¶© Ho$ Aä¶mg H$s Amoa B§{JV H$aVr h¡
{d{^ÝZ [dÛmZm| Ûmam A{^àoaUm H$s AZoH$ n[a^mfmE± Xr JB© h¢, CZ‘| go Hw$N> VWm Cg H$m¶© Ho$ gÝVmofàX g‘mnZ H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVr h¡&
n[a^mfmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h§¡-
11. e¡’$a d Aݶ Ho$ AZwgma-
1. pñH$Za Ho$ AZwgma-
A{^àoaH$ {H«$¶m H$s EH$ Eogr n«d¥{Îm h¡ Omo àUmoXZ Ûmam CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡ VWm
{dÚmb¶ Ho$ grIZo ‘| A{^àoaUm H$m AW© Ano{jV ì¶dhma Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV g‘m¶moOZ Ûmam g‘má hmoVr h¡&

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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 n¥îR> 134 A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
12. nr. Q>r. ¶§J Ho$ AZwgma- 2. ~mø A{^àoaUm
àoaU ì¶dhma H$mo OmJ«V H$aZo, {H«$¶m Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo gå~mo{YV H$aZo Am¡a {H«$¶m Ho$ Bg àH$ma H$s A{^àoaUm ‘| {H$gr ^r AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ {bE ~mø CÔrnZ H$s
VarH$m| H$mo {Z¶{‘V H$aZo H$s à{H«$¶m h¡& Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>Vr h¢& àmUr ñd¶§ AnZr BÀNm go {H$gr AZw{H«$¶m H$mo Zht H$aVm
h¡& Bg àH$ma H$s A{^àoaUm Ho$ AÝVJ©V àe§gm, {ZÝXm, nwañH$ma, à{VÛpÝXVm
13. Ed[ab Ho$ AZwgma- Am{X AmVr h¡& ~mø A{^àoaUm H$m gå~ÝY {ZåZ ñVa H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm|
A{^àoaUm H$m AW© h¡- gOrd à¶mg& ¶h H$ënZm H$mo {H«$¶merb ~ZmVr h¡, ¶h
go hmoVm h¡& Bg gÝX^© ‘| à¡gr, amo{~ÝgZ VWm hmoamo³g Ho$ {dMma {ZåZ h¡-
‘mZ{gH$ ep³V Jwá Am¡a AkmV òmoVm| H$mo OmJ«V Am¡a à¶w³V H$aVr h¡& ¶h öX¶ H$mo
ñnpÝXV H$aVr h¡ ¶h {ZíM¶, A{^bmfm Am¡a A{^àm¶ H$mo nyU©V¶m ‘w³V H$aVr h¡, ¶h A{YJ‘ {d{Y Ho$ ê$n ‘| ~mø A{^àoaUm, AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaUm go {ZåZ H$mo{Q> H$s
~mbH$ ‘| H$m¶© H$aZo, g’$b hmoZo Am¡a {dO¶ nmZo H$s BÀN>m H$mo àmoËgm{hV H$aVr h¡& hmoVr h¡&

14. S>m°. nMm¡ar Ho$ AZwgma-

8.4.1 ‘mñbmo Ho$ AZwgma A{^àoaUm Ho$ àH$ma
A{^àoaUm H$m gå~ÝY CZ H$maH$m| go h¡ Omo ì¶p³V H$s {H«$¶m H$m ~b ~‹T>mVo h¢
‘mñbmo Zo A{^àoaUm H$mo ‘w»¶V… Mma dJmoª ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡, Omo {ZåZ
¶m KQ>mVo h¢&
àH$ma h¡-
Cn¶w©³V n[a^mfmAm| H$m {díbofU H$aZo na {ZåZ{b{IV V϶ ñnîQ>
hmoVo h¢-
1. àoaUm ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo OmJ«V ¶m CÎmo{OV H$aVr h¡& ì¶dhma
H$m g§MmbZ àoaUm Ûmam hr hmoVm h¡&
2. àoaUm ì¶p³V Ho$ AÝXa ep³V n[adV©Z go àmaå^ hmoVr h¡& A{YH$m§e 1. OÝ‘OmV àoaUm
àoaH$m| Ho$ {b¶o CÎmaXm¶r ep³V n[adV©Zm| H$m dU©Z Zht [H$¶m Om Bg àH$ma H$s A{^àoaUm àmUr ‘| OÝ‘ go hr nmB© OmVr h¡& BgH$s gÝVwpîQ>
gH$Vm h¡& Ho$ A^md ‘| àmUr Or{dV Zht ah gH$Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$s A{^àoaUm H$mo h‘
3. àoaUm {H«$¶merbVm H$s ÚmoVH$ hmoVr h¡& eara O{ZV A{^àoaUm ¶m àmW{‘H$ A{^àoaUm ^r H$hVo h¡& OÝ‘OmV àoaH$m| ‘|
4. àoaUm H$s A{^d¥{Îm ^mdmË‘H$ àXe©Z Ûmam hmoVr h¡& ^mdmË‘H$ ߶mg, ^yI, H$m‘, {dlm‘, ào‘, H«$moY, ‘b‘yÌ Ë¶mJZm Am{X AmVo h¢&
OmJ«{V g§doJm| go Ow‹S>r hþB© h¡& AZoH$ ~ma ^mdmË‘H$ nj Jwá ahVm h¡&
5. àoaUm gmYZ h¡, gmܶ Zht& {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo nyU© H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o ¶h 2. A{O©V àoaUm
EH$ gmYZ h¡& A{^àoaUm A{YJ‘ H$m ‘w»¶ Zht, ghm¶H$ A§J h¡& Bg àH$ma H$s A{^àoaUm, ì¶p³V, {ejm, ‘mZ{gH$ n[an³dVm Ed§ dmVmdaU
6. àoaUm EH$ ep³V h¡, Omo {H«$¶m H$mo àmaå^ H$aVr h¡ VWm {ZX}eZ Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| AmH$a àmá H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma ¶h OÝ‘ go {dÚ‘mZ Z hmoH$a
H$aVr h¡& dmVmdaU Ho$ gånH©$ go nm¶r OmVr h¡&
7. àoaUm àmUr H$s AmÝV[aH$ pñW{V ¶m AdñWm h¡& 3. ì¶p³VJV àoaUm
8. àoaUm EH$ H$ënZmË‘H$ à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo ì¶dhma Ho$ {ZYm©aU go Bg àH$ma H$s A{^àoaUm, ì¶p³VJV AZw^d Ûmam àmá hmoVr h¡& Bg‘| ì¶p³VJV
gå~pÝYV hmoVr h¡& {d{^ÝZVmE± nmB© OmVr h¡& BgHo$ AÝVJ©V H«$‘e…- AmXV, AmH$m§jm ñVa,
9. àoaUm na emar[aH$ VWm ‘mZ{gH$, ~mø Ed§ AmÝV[aH$ n[apñW{V¶m| OrdZ bú¶, ‘X ì¶gZ, ê${M, ‘Zmod¥{Îm VWm AMoVZ A{^àoaUm hmoVr h¢&
H$m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&
g§jon ‘|, h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¡ {H$ ì¶[³V H$s AmÝV[aH$ Xem H$s CnpñW{V 4. gm‘m{OH$ àoaUm
‘| O~ ì¶p³V H$moB© bú¶moÝ‘wI ì¶dhma H$aVm h¡, Vmo Cgo àoaUm H$hVo h¢& Bg àH$ma H$s A{^àoaUm ì¶p³V H$mo gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma H$aZo H$s àoaUm XoVr
h¡& BgHo$ AÝVJ©V H«$‘e… gm‘y{hH$Vm, AmË‘ Jm¡ad, Amܶm[Ë‘H$,$ gm‘m{OH$
gwajm Am{X AmVo h¢&
8.4 A{^àoaUm Ho$ àH$ma
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo A{^àoaUm H$mo ‘w»¶V… Xmo dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡, Omo 8.4.2 J¡aoQ> Ho$ AZwgma A{^àoaUm Ho$ àH$ma
{ZåZ{b{IV h¡- J¡aoQ> Zo àoaUm H$mo VrZ àH$ma ‘§o dJuH¥$V {H$¶m h¡, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaUm 1. O¡{dH$ A{^àoaUm
2. ~mø A{^àoaUm 2. ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ A{^àoaUm
3. gm‘m{OH$ A{^àoaUm
1. AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaUm
AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaUm ‘| {H$gr ^r AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ {bE ~mø CÔrnZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm 8.4.3 Wm°‘gZ Ho$ AZwgma A{^àoaUm Ho$ àH$ma
Zht hmoVr àmUr ñd¶§ AnZr BÀN>m go {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$s Wm°‘gZ Zo A{^àoaUm H$mo Xmo dJmoª ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡, Omo {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
A{^àoaUm ñd¶§ àmUr ‘| hr {Z{hV hmoVr h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
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 àJʶ
1. ñdm^m{dH$ A{^àoaUm
2. H¥${Ì‘ A{^àoaUm
8.5 A{^àoaUm Ho$ ñÌmoV ¶m MaU
H$B© eãX Eogo h¢ Omo A{^àoaUm go {H$gr Z {H$gr AW© ‘| OwS>o hþE h¢& BZ eãXm|
H$m à¶moJ A{^àoaUm Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| H$B© ~ma hmoVm ahVm h¡, bo{H$Z BZ {d{^ÝZ
eãXm| H$m à¶moJ ^r {d{eîQ> hr hmoVm h¡& A{^àoaUm H$s g^r n[apñW{V¶m| ‘|
g^r eãXm| H$m à¶mg Zht {H$¶m OmVm& A{^àoaUm Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| BZ eãXm| H$m
C{MV à¶moJ H$aZo Ho$ {bE CZ eãXm| H$mo d CZHo$ AWmoª H$mo g‘PZm ~hþV
Amdí¶H$ h¡ AݶWm A{^àoaUm H$s gånyU© à{H«$¶m H$mo g‘P nmZm H${R>Z hmo
OmVm h¡&
àoaUm Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV 4 òmoV h¢-
1. Amdí¶H$VmE±
2. MmbH$
3. CÔrnZ
4. àoaH$
1. Amdí¶H$VmE±
à˶oH$ àmUr H$s Hw$N> AmYma^yV Amdí¶H$VmE± hmoVr h¢, {OZHo$ A^md ‘|
CgH$m ApñVËd Agå^d h¡, O¡go- Ob, dm¶w, ^moOZ Am{X& ¶{X CgH$s
H$moB© Amdí¶H$Vm nyU© Zht hmoVr h¡, Vmo CgHo$ ímara ‘| VZmd Am¡a Ag§VwbZ
CËnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡ {Ogo ’$bñdê$n CgH$m {H«$¶merb hmoZm A{Zdm¶© hmo OmVm
h¡, O¡go- O~ àmUr H$mo ^yI bJVr h¡, V~ Cg‘| VZmd CËnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡,
{OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n dh ^moOZ H$s ImoO H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H«$¶merb hmo OmVm h¡&
O~ Cgo ^moOZ {‘b OmVm h¡¡, V~ CgH$s {H«$¶merbVm Am¡a CgHo$ gmW hr
CgHo$ emar[aH$ VZmd H$m AÝV hmo OmVm h¡& AV… h‘ ~mo[a§J, b¢J’$sëS> Ed§
drëS> Ho$ eãXm| ‘o§ H$h gH$Vo h¡-
Amdí¶H$Vm, eara H$s H$moB© Oê$aV ¶m A^md h¡, {OgHo$ H$maU emar[aH$ AgÝVwbZ
¶m VZmd CËnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡, Bg VZmd ‘| Eogm ì¶dhma CËnÝZ H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm hmoVr
h¡ {Oggo Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$ ’$bñdê$n CËnÝZ hmoZo dmbm AgÝVwbZ g‘má hmo OmVm h¡&
Bgr ~mV H$mo do Am¡a A{YH$ ñnîQ> H$aVo hþE H$hVo h¡-
Amdí¶H$VmE± àm{U¶m| Ho$ ^rVa H$m VZmd h¡, Omo Hw$N> CÔrnZm| (àmoËgmhZm|) ¶m bú¶m|
Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| àmUr Ho$ joÌ H$mo ì¶pñWV H$aZo ‘| àñVwV H$aVr h¡ Omo bú¶ àm{á hoVw {ZX}{eV
{H«$¶m H$mo CÎmo{OV H$aVm h¡&
2. MmbH$
àmUr H$s Amdí¶H$VmE± CZgo gå~pÝYV MmbH$m| H$mo OÝ‘ XoVr h¢& CXmhaUmW©,
^moOZ àmUr H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& ¶h Amdí¶H$Vm Cg‘| ^yI-MmbH$ H$mo OÝ‘
XoVr h¡& Bgr àH$ma nmZr H$s Amdí¶H$Vm, ߶mg-MmbH$ H$s CËn{Îm H$m H$maU
hmoVr h¡& MmbH$, àmUr H$mo EH$ {ZpíMV àH$ma H$s {H«$¶m ¶m ì¶dhma H$aZo Ho$
{bE ào[aV H$aVm h¡, O¡go- ^yI-MmbH$ Cgo ^moOZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aVm
h¡& AV… h‘ ~mo[a¨J, b¢J’$sëS> Ed§ drëS> Ho$ eãXm| ‘| H$h gH$Vo h¢-
MmbH$, eara H$s EH$ AmÝV[aH$ {H«$¶m ¶m Xem h¡, Omo EH$ {deof àH$ma Ho$ ì¶dhma
Ho$ {bE àoaUm àXmZ H$aVr h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 135
àoaH$m| H$mo AÝVZm}X AWdm MmbH$ ^r H$hVo h¢& àoaH$ {H«$¶m H$aZo H$s
ep³V ¶m D$Om h¡& S>o{e¶b Ho$ AZwgma-
àoaH$ Am{X ep³V H$m ‘yb òmoV h¡ Omo ‘Z H$mo {H«$¶merb ~ZmVm h¡&
eo’$a VWm Aݶ Ho$ AZwgma-
àoaH$ EH$ gwÑ‹T> VWm AMb CÎmoOH$ h¡, Omo {H$gr g‘m¶moOH$ H$s AZw{H«$¶m H$s
‘m±J H$aVm h¡&
{hbJmS>© Ho$ AZwgma-
Cn¶w³V CÔrnZ H$s àm{á go AÝVZm}X H$s Vrd«Vm H$‘ hmo OmVr h¡ Am¡a ì¶[³V H$m
‘mZ{gH$ VZmd Xÿa hmo OmVm h¡&
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3. CÔrnZ
{H$gr dñVw H$s Amdí¶H$Vm CËnÝZ hmoZo na CgH$mo nyU© H$aZo Ho$ {bE MmbH$
CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡& {Og dñVw go ¶h Amdí¶H$Vm nyU© hmoVr h¡, Cgo CÔrnZ H$hVo
h¢, O¡go- ^yI EH$ MmbH$ h¡, Am¡a ^yI-MmbH$ H$mo ^moOZ gÝVwîQ> H$aVm h¡&
AV… ^yI-MmbH$ Ho$ {bE ^moOZ CÔrnZ h¡& Bgr àH$ma, H$m‘-MmbH$ H$m
CÔrnZ h¡- Xÿgao qbJ H$m ì¶p³V, ³¶m|{H$ Cgr go ¶h MmbH$ gÝVwîQ> hmoVm
h¡& AV… h‘ ~mo[a¨J, b¢J’$sëS> Ed§ drëS> Ho$ eãXm| ‘| H$h gH$Vo h¢-
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CÔrnZ H$s n[a^mfm Cg dñVw, pñW{V ¶m {H«$¶m Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$s Om gH$Vr h¡, Omo
ì¶dhma H$mo CÔrá, CËgm{hV Am¡a {ZX}{eV H$aVm h¡&
Amdí¶H$Vm, MmbH$ d CÔrnZ H$m gå~ÝY-
h‘Zo Amdí¶H$Vm, MmbH$ Am¡a CÔrnZ Ho$ ~mao ‘| Omo Hw$N> {bIm h¡, Cggo
{gÕ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ BZ VrZm| H$m EH$-Xÿgao go gå~ÝY h¡& Bg gå~ÝY H$mo
Amdí¶H$Vm MmbH$-CÔrnH$ gyÌ go 춳V H$aVo hþE {hbJmS>© Zo {bIm h¡-
Amdí¶H$Vm, MmbH$ H$mo OÝ‘ XoVr h¡& MmbH$ ~‹T>o hþE VZmd H$s {Xem h¡, Omo H$m¶©
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Am¡a àmapå^H$ ì¶dhma H$s Amoa AJ«ga H$aVm h¡& CÔrnZ ~mø dmVmdaU H$s H$moB©
dñVw hmoVr h¡, Omo Amdí¶H$Vm H$s gÝVwpîQ> H$aVr h¡ Am¡a Bg àH$ma {H«$¶m Ho$ Ûmam
MmbH$ H$mo H$‘ H$a XoVr h¡&
4. àoaH$
àoaH$m| Ho$ AÝVJ©V CÔrnZ Ho$ A{V[a³V MmbH$, VZmd, Amdí¶H$Vm Am{X
gpå‘{bV {H$¶o OmVo h¢& JoQ²>g d Aݶ Ho$ AZwgma-
àoaH$m| Ho$ {d{^ÝZ ñdê$n h¢ Am¡a BZH$mo {d{^ÝZ Zm‘m| go nwH$mam OmVm h¡, O¡go-
Amdí¶H$VmE±, BÀN>mE±, VZmd, ñdm^m{dH$ pñW{V¶m±, {ZYm©[aV àd¥{Îm¶m±, A{^d¥{Îm¶m±,
ê${M¶m±, ñWm¶r CÔrnH$ Am¡a Bgr àH$ma Ho$ Aݶ Zm‘&
àoaH$ ³¶m h¢? Bg gå~ÝY ‘o§ {dÛmZm| ‘§o n¶m©á ‘V^oX h¢& Hw$N> BZH$mo
OÝ‘OmV ¶m A{O©V e[³V¶m± ‘mZVo h¢, Hw$N> BZH$mo ì¶[³V H$s emar[aH$ ¶m
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ XemE± ‘mZVo h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> BZH$mo {ZpíMV {XemAm| ‘§o H$m¶© H$aZo
H$s àd¥{Îm¶m± ‘mZVo h¡ na g^r {dÛmZ Bg ~mV go gh‘V h¢ {H$ àoaH$ ì¶[³V
H$mo {deof àH$ma H$s {H«$¶mAm| ¶m ì¶dhma H$aZo Ho$ {bE CÎmo{OV H$aVo h¢&
ãbo¶a, OmoÝg d {gångZ Ho$ AZwgma-
àoaH$ h‘mar AmYma^yV Amdí¶H$VmAm| go CËnÝZ hmoZo dmbr do ep³V¶m± h¢ Omo
ì¶dhma H$mo {Xem Am¡a CÔoí¶ àXmZ H$aVr h¢&
 n¥îR> 136
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
E{bg H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-
àoaH$m| H$mo Eogr Am§V[aH$ XemE± ¶m ep³V¶m± ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡, Omo ì¶p³V H$mo
{ZpíMV bú¶m| H$s Amoa ào[aV H$aVr h¢&
{ZîH$f© ê$n ‘| h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¡ {H$ àoaH$ EH$ ì¶mnH$ eãX h¡ VWm
BgHo$ {d{^ÝZ ê$n h¢& àoaH$m| H$mo Amdí¶H$Vm, BÀN>m, VZmd, ñdm^m{dV
pñW{V¶m±, {ZYm©[aV àd¥{Îm¶m±, ê${M, ñWm¶r CÔrnH$ Am{X Zm‘m| go ^r nwH$mam
OmVm h¡& àoaH$ dmñVd ‘§o ì¶[³V H$mo CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á H$s Amoa bo OmVo h¢&
8.6 A{^àoaUm Ho$ {gÕmÝV
àoaUm Ho$ joÌ ‘| {gÕmÝVdmXr Hw$N> àíZm| na ~b XoVo h¢, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. à‘wI àoaUm VÝÌ ³¶m h¡ Am¡a dh VÝÌ {H$g àH$ma ào[aV H$aVm h¡?
2. {d{^ÝZ àoaUmE± nañna {H$g àH$ma gå~pÝYV h¢?
3. ào[aV ì¶dhma ‘| {H$g àH$ma nañna {H«$¶m à{V{H«$¶m hmoVr h¡ VWm
ào[aV ì¶dhma Ho$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$, n¶m©daUr¶ VWm X¡{hH$ H$maU ³¶m
³¶m h¢?
BZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma ImoOZo go hr {d{^ÝZ {gÕmÝVm| Zo OÝ‘ {b¶m h¡,
{OZ‘| Ho$ Hw$N> à‘wI {gÕmÝVm| H$m g§jon ‘| dU©Z àñVwV h¢-
1. ‘¡H$Sy>Jb H$m ‘yb àd¥{Îm {gÕmÝV
BZHo$ AZwgma H$moB© ^r ì¶dhma ‘yb àd¥{Îm go ào[aV hmoZo na hr {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
2. AmZwd§{eH$s n¡Q>Z© {gÕmÝV
bm¡aoÝO Zo ~Vm¶m {H$ àoaUm AmZwd§{eH$ hmoVr h¡&
3. ‘Zmo{díbofU dmXr {gÕmÝV
¶h {gÕmÝV {gJ‘ÊS> ’$m¶S> Zo{S>¶m H$m h¡& BZHo$ AZwgma ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶dhma
H$mo AMoVZ àoaH$ à^m{dV H$aVm h¡, BÝhm|Zo ~Vm¶m {H$ ‘Z ‘| BX hmoVm h¡,
Omo AmZÝX MmhVm h¡ VWm Ah§ dmñV{dH$Vm Ho$ H$m¶© H$aVm h¡ VWm na‘ Ah§
AmXe©dmXr hmoVm h¡& Ah§, BX d na‘ Ah§ ‘| gÝVwbZ H$aVm h¡&
4. ‘mñbmo H$m Amdí¶H$Vm AZwH«$‘ {gÕmÝV
BZHo$ AZwgma ì¶p³V H$s Amdí¶H$VmE± EH$ Ho$ ~mX EH$ nXmZwH«${‘H$ AdñWmAm|
‘§o nyU© hmoVr h¡& gd©àW‘ eara H$s Amdí¶H$Vm d CgHo$ ~mX gwajm H$s d
BgHo$ ~mX gm‘m{OH$ Amdí¶H$VmE± VWm gå‘mZ d AÝV ‘| AmË‘¶WmW©Vm H$s
Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© hmoVr h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ àJʶ
8.7 A{^àoaH$m| Ho$ àH$ma
A{^àoaH$m| H$m dJuH$aU H$B© àH$ma go H$aVo h¢& ‘mñbmo Ho$ AZwgma A{^àaH$m|
H$mo OÝ‘OmV A{^àoaH$ VWm A{O©V A{^àoaH$ ‘| ~m±Q>m Om gH$Vm h¡& Wm°‘gZ
Ho$ AZwgma A{^àoaH$m| H$mo ñdm^m{dH$ A{^àoaH$ VWm H¥${Ì‘ A{^àoaH$ ‘| ~m±Q>m
Om gH$Vm h¡& J¡aoQ> Ho$ AZwgma A{^àoaH$m| H$mo O¡{dH$ A{^àoaH$, ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
A{^àoaH$ VWm gm‘m{OH$ A{^àoaH$ ‘| ~m±Q>m Om gH$Vm h¡& BZ g^r A{^àoaH$m|
H$m g§{já dU©Z {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
1. OÝ‘OmV A[^àoaH$
OÝ‘OmV A{^àoaH$ do A{^àoaH$ h¢, Omo ì¶p³V ‘| OÝ‘ go nm¶o OmVo h¢, O¡go-
^yI, ߶mg, {dlm‘, {ZÐm Am{X&
2. A{O©V A{^àoaH$
do àoaH$ {OÝh| àmUr AnZo à¶mgm| go àmá H$aVm h¡ A{O©V A{^àoaH$ H$hbmVo
h¢, O¡go- gm‘m{OH$Vm, ê${M, à{VîR>m Am{X&
3. ñdm^m{dH$ A{^àoaH$
ñdm^m{dH$ A{^àoaH$ ì¶p³V ‘| ñd^md go nm¶o OmVo h¢, O¡go- IobZm, gwI
àmá H$aZm Am{X&
4. H¥${Ì‘ A{^àoaH$
¶o àoaH$ àmUr Ho$ H$m¶© AWdm ì¶dhma H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV H$aZo, àmoËgm{hV H$aZo
AWdm dm§{N>V {Xem XoZo Ho$ {bE ñdm^m{dH$ A{^àoaH$m| Ho$ nyaH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘|
à¶w³V {H$¶o OmVo h¢, O¡go- nwañH$ma, àe§gm, XÊS> Am{X&
5. O¡{dH$ A{^àoaH$
O¡{dH$ A{^àoaH$ àmUr H$s O¡{dH$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$ ’$bñdê$n CËnÝZ hmoVo
h¢& BgHo$ AÝVJ©V àm¶… g§doJm| H$mo aIm OmVm h¡, O¡go- H«$moY, ^¶, ào‘ Am{X&
6. gm‘m{OH$ A{^àoaH$
gm‘m{OH$ A{^àoaH$ gm‘m{OH$ ‘mݶVmAm|, gå~ÝYm|, n[apñW[V¶m|, AmXemoª
Am{X Ho$ H$maU CËnÝZ hmoVo h¢, O¡go- à{VîR>m, gwajm, aMZmË‘H$Vm Am{X&
7. CnbpãY A{^àoaH$
{H$gr joÌ-{deof ‘§o A{YH$ go A{YH$ g’$bVm àm{á Ho$ {bE Cgr Ho$ AZwê$n
H$m¶© H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm CnbpãY A{^àoaH$ hmoVr h¡& ‘Z, ’$Zm©ëS> H$o AZwgma-
CnbpãY A{^àoaH$ go VmËn¶© loîR>Vm H$m {deoîm ñVa àmá H$aZo go hmoVm h¡&
8. AZw‘moXZ A{^àoaH$
AZw‘moXZ H$s A{^àoaUm {OZ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| A{YH$ hmoVr h¡, do ì¶p³V Eogo H$m¶moª
H$mo H$aZm A{YH$ ngÝX H$aVo h¢ {OZH$m H$aZo na Aݶ bmoJ CZHo$ H$m¶moª H$s
gamhZm d àe§gm H$a|& Eogo ì¶p³V¶m| H$s BÀN>m hmoVr h¡ {H$ do Omo H$m¶© H$a| Aݶ
ì¶p³V¶m| Ûmam Cgo ñdrH$ma {H$¶m OmE& Aݶ ì¶p³V¶m| Ûmam {H$gr ì¶dhma
{deof Ho$ à{V gH$mamË‘H$ ÑpîQ>H$moU aIZm hr AZw‘moXZ hmoVm h¡& {OZ ì¶p³V¶m|
‘| AZw‘moXZ àoaUm A{YH$ hmoVr h¡ dh g‘mO Ûmam ñdrH¥$V ì¶dhma H$mo H$aZm
A{YH$ ngÝX H$aVo h¢ d H$B© ~ma Aݶ ì¶p³V¶m| AWdm g‘yh Ho$ X~md ‘| AnZm
{ZU©¶ ~Xb XoVo h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V¶m| ‘o§ gwPmd J«hUerbVm A{YH$ nm¶r OmVr h¡&
 àJʶ A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘
Bg A{^àoaH$ H$s A{YH$Vm d¶ñH$m| H$s Anojm {H$emam| ‘| A{YH$ nm¶r
OmVr h¡& Eogm XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V AnZo AmË‘-gå‘mZ H$mo D$±Mm H$aZo H$s
BÀN>m go ^r Bg A{^àoaH$ H$mo AnZo AÝXa ~Zm¶o aIVo h¢ AWm©V² gm‘m{OH$
{Z¶‘m| Ho$ AZwê$n ì¶dhma H$aVo hþE XoIo OmVo h¢&
8.8 A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma H$s {deofVmE±
A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma Ho$ bjU OmZZm A˶mdí¶H$ h¡, Vm{H$ AܶmnH$ H$mo
H$jm ‘o§ AnZr A{^àoaUm à{d{Y¶m| Ho$ à^md Am¡a CZH$s Cn¶mo{JVm H$m nyU©
Am¡a dmñV{dH$ kmZ hmo gHo$& ¶{X AܶmnH$ A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma Ho$ bjUm|
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go n[a{MV Zht h¡, Vmo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s A{^àoaUm Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| AܶmnH$
Ûmam {H$¶o J¶o g^r à¶ËZ ì¶W© Om gH$Vo h¢& AV… A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma Ho$
bjUm| H$m Aܶ¶Z ^r A{V Amdí¶H$ h¡& A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma Ho$ ‘w»¶ bjU
{ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. ܶmZ Ho$pÝÐV hmoZm
A{^ào[aV ì¶p³V H$m ܶmZ EH$ hr ì¶p³V ¶m EH$ hr H$m¶© na Ho$pÝÐV ahVm
h¡& bú¶ àm{á H$m H$m¶© {dÚmWu Ho$ {bE gwJ‘ hmo OmVm h¡&
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2. CËgwH$Vm
A{^àoaUm H$m à^md {dÚmWu H$s CËgwH$Vm Ho$ ê$n ‘§o XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡&
A{^ào[aV {dÚmWu H$moB© ^r H$m¶© XoZo na ~‹S>r CËgwH$Vm go n[aUm‘ àmá H$aZo
Ho$ {bE Cg H$m¶© H$mo H$aoJm& CËgwH$Vmde dh H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ {bE ha g‘¶
V¡¶ma ahVm h¡&
3. {ZaÝVaVm
A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma H$s EH$ {deoîmVm ¶h ^r hmoVr h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V Cg H$m¶© ‘|
{ZaÝVaVm ~Zm¶o aIVm h¡& do Cg H$m¶© H$mo {ZaÝVa H$aVo ahVo h¢ O~ VH$ {H$
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CZH$m bú¶ CÝh| àmá Zht hmo OmVm & ¶h CZH$s A{^àoaUm H$m hr à^md h¡&
4. Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V©
A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma Ûmam {H$gr ì¶p³V H$s Amdí¶H$Vm H$s gÝVwpîQ> hmoVr h¡,
My±{H$ Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© H$m gå~ÝY ^r {H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n ‘§o A{^àoaUm go
hmoVm h¡& AV… A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma Ûmam Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm
{‘bVr h¡&
5. {H«$¶m-Ho$pÝÐV à{H«$¶m
A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma {H$gr Z {H$gr {H«$¶m H$mo OÝ‘ XoVm h¡& AV… A{^àoaUm Ûmam
CËnÝZ ì¶dhma H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV aIZm A{V Amdí¶H$ h¡&
6. ~oM¡Zr H$m Xÿa hmoZm
Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© go ¶m bú¶ H$s àm{á na ì¶p³V Ho$ AÝXa CËnÝZ VZmd
¶m ~oM¡Zr H$‘ ¶m Xÿa hmo OmVr h¡& AV… A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma go H$moB© H$m¶© {H$¶m
OmE Vmo g§doJmË‘H$ nj {Z¶pÝÌV ahVm h¡&
7. ep³V g§MmbZ
A{^àoaUm Ho$ Xm¡amZ ‘Zwî¶ ‘| EH$ àH$ma H$s ep³V CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡& Bg ep³V
Ho$ g§MmbZ go H$moB© H$m¶© {~Zm WHo$ ¶m {~Zm ê$Ho$ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& ep³V
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 137
g§MmbZ Ho$ AÝVJ©V H$B©-H$B© KÊQ>m| VH$ bJmVma ì¶p³V H$m¶© H$aVo ahZo Ho$
{bE A{^ào[aV ahVm h¡&
8.9 A{^àoaUm H$s {d{Y¶m±
{ejm{W©¶m| H$m {dÚmb¶ ‘| AmZm Bg ~mV H$r Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVm h¡ {H$ do
grIZo Ho$ {bE A{^ào[aV h¢, na {H$VZo A{YH$ AWdm H$‘, ¶h AbJ ~mV
h¡& CZH$s Bg A{^àoaUm Ho$ nrN>o H$moB© EH$ A{^àoaH$ ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡, Xmo
A{^àoaH$ ^r hmo gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a Xmo go A{YH$ A{^àoaH$ ^r hmo gH$Vo h¢& h‘
OmZVo h¢ {H$ grIZm ‘Zwî¶ H$s OÝ‘OmV àd¥{Îm h¡& hmo gH$Vm h¡ {H$ Hw$N>
{ejmWu AnZr Bg àH¥${V H$s gÝVwpîQ> Ho$ {bE {dÚmb¶ AmVo hm|& h‘ OmZVo
h¢ {H$ ‘Zwî¶ ‘| gm‘y{hH$Vm H$s ‘yb àd¥{Îm hmoVr h¡, hmo gH$Vm h¡ Hw$N> {ejmWu
Bg ‘yb àd¥{Îm H$s gÝVwpîQ> Ho$ {bE [dÚmb¶ AmVo hm|& ¶h ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡
{H$ Hw$N> {ejmWu {‘Ìm| H$s g§JV Ho$ bmo^ go {dÚmb¶ AmVo hm|& Hw$N> {ejmWu
Iob-Hy$X gw{dYmAm| Ho$ H$maU ^r {dÚmb¶ Am gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> {ejm{W©¶m|
Ho$ {bE g‘mO ‘| n‹T>o-{bIo ì¶p³V¶m| H$m CÀM ñVa hmoZm CZH$s A{^àoaU H$m
AmYma hmo gH$Vm h¡& Hw$N> {ejmWu BZ‘| go {H$gr EH$ A{^àoaH$ go A{^ào[aV
hmo gH$Vo h¡§ Am¡a Hw$N> EH$ go A{YH$ A{^àoaH$m| go& H$moB© {ejmWu Mmho EH$
A{^àoaH$ go A{^ào[aV hmo Am¡a Mmho EH$ go A{YH$ A{^àoaH$m| go, dh {OVZm
A{YH$ A{^ào[aV hmoJm, grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m CVZr hr A{YH$ gwMmê$ ê$n go
MboJr Am¡a grIZm ^r CVZm hr A{YH$ ñWm¶r hmoJm& {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo grIZo
Ho$ {bE nyÊm© ê$n go A{^ào[aV H$aZo Ho$ {bE ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ûmam {dH${gV H$s
JB© Hw$N> à‘wI$ {d{Y¶m± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. n‹T>mE OmZo dmbo {df¶ AWdm {gImE OmZo dmbo H$m¡eb H$s Cn¶mo{JVm
Cn¶mo{JVm g~go A{YH$ ep³Vembr A{^àoaH$ hmoVm h¡& ¶{X {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo
¶h ñnîQ> H$a {X¶m OmE {H$ n‹T>m¶m OmZo dmbm {df¶ AWdm {gIm¶m OmZo
dmbm H$m¡eb CZHo$ OrdZ ‘| CZHo$ {bE {H$VZm Cn¶moJr h¡, Vmo {OVZm A{YH$
CÝh| CgH$s Cn¶mo{JVm H$m Am^mg hmoJm, do grIZo Ho$ {bE CVZo hr A{YH$
A{^ào[aV hm|Jo&
2. n‹T>mE OmZo dmbo {df¶ AWdm {gImE OmZo dmbo H$m¡eb Ho$ à{ejU Ho$
CÔoí¶
{H$gr {df¶ AWdm H$m¡eb H$s OrdZ ‘| Cn¶mo{JVm Ho$ gmW {H$gr {XZ n‹T>mE
OmZo dmbo {df¶ AWdm {gImE OmZo dmbo H$m¡eb Ho$ CÔoí¶ Ed§ bú¶ ^r ñnîQ>
H$aZm Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡& ¶o àW‘ {d{Y go A{^ào[aV {ejm[W©¶m| H$mo grIZo
Ho$ {bE Am¡a A{YH$ A{^ào[aV H$aVo h¢& {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo grIo OmZo dmbo kmZ
AWdm H$m¡eb Ho$ grIZo Ho$ CÔoí¶ {OVZo A{YH$ ñnîQ> hmoVo h¢ do grIZo Ho$
{bE CVZo hr A[YH$ A{^ào[aV hmoVo h¢ Am¡a CZH$s grIZo gå~ÝYr {H«$¶mE± ^r
CVZr hr A{YH$ CÔoí¶ b{jV hmoVr h¢&
3. {ejm{W©¶m| H$m AmH$m§jm ñVa
Hw$N> {ejmWu Ho$db CÎmrU© hmoZo ^a H$s AmH$m§jm aIVo h¢, Hw$N> {ÛVr¶ loUr
‘| CÎmrU© hmoZo H$s Am¡a Hw$N> àW‘ loUr ‘| CÎmrU© hmoZo H$s& Bgr àH$ma Hw$N>
{ejmWu N>moQ>o-‘moQ>o ì¶dgm¶ H$mo àmá H$aZo H$s AmH$m§jm aIVo h¢, Hw$N> H$s
 n¥îR> 138 A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
AmH$m§jmE± Bggo A{YH$ hmoVr h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> H$s AmH$m§jmE± Vmo Amg‘mZ H$mo Ny>Vr
h¢& ¶h XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ {OZ {ejm{W©¶m| H$m AmH$m§jm ñVa {OVZm A[YH$
D$±Mm hmoVm h¡ do VËgå~ÝYr kmZ Ed§ H$m¡eb grIZo Ho$ {bE CVZo hr A{YH$
A{^ào[aV hmoVo h¢& gm’$ Om{ha h¡ {H$ {ejm{W©¶m| H$m AmH$m§jm ñVa CR>mH$a h‘
CZH$s A{^àoaUm ‘| d¥{Õ H$a gH$Vo h¢&
4. {ejm[W©¶m| H$s Amdí¶H$VmE±
{H$gr {df¶ H$m kmZ Ed§ H$m¡eb H$m {ejU Ed§ à{ejU AnZo ‘| {H$VZm ^r
Cn¶moJr ³¶m| Z hmo, bo{H$Z ¶{X dh {ejm{W©¶m| H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s gÝVwpîQ>
Zht H$aVm Vmo {ejmWu Cgo grIZo Ho$ {bE A{^ào[aV Zht hmoVo& {ejm{W©¶m|
H$mo A{^ào[aV H$aZo Ho$ {bE ¶h Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡ {H$ {gImE OmZo dmbo kmZ
AWdm H$m¡eb H$m gå~ÝY CZH$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| go Omo‹S>m OmE& N>mÌm| H$s
{df¶ AWdm H$m¡eb Ho$ à{V A{^àoaUm ~‹T>mZo H$s ¶h CÎm‘ {d{Y ‘mZr OmVr
h¡, Am¡a dmñVd ‘§o hmoVr ^r h¡&
5. H$jm H$m dmVmdaU
H$jm H$m dmVmdaU ^r {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo A{^ào[aV H$aZo ‘| A{^àoaH$ H$m H$m¶©
H$aVm h¡& gwÝXa H$j, ewÕ hdm, n¶m©á àH$me, emÝV dmVmdaU, {ejH$-
{ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ ~rM Ho$ gå~ÝY Am¡a {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ Amng Ho$ gå~ÝY, BZ g~go
H$jm H$m dmVmdaU V¡¶ma hmoVm h¡& {Og H$jm ‘| grIZo Ho$ {bE {OVZm AÀN>m
dmVmdaU hmoVm h¡ Cg H$jm Ho$ {ejmWu CVZo hr A{YH$ A{^ào[aV hmoVo h¢&
6. {ejH$ H$m ì¶dhma
{ejH$ H$m {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ à{V AmË‘^md EH$ AMyH$ am‘~mU hmoVm h¡& dh
AnZo ào‘, ghmZw^y{V Ed§ gh¶moJnyU© ì¶dhma go {ejm{W©¶m| H$s A{^àoaUm H$mo
gabVm go ~‹T>m gH$Vm h¡& ¶h H$m¶© dh N>mÌm| H$s ^mdZmAm| H$m gå‘mZ H$aHo$,
CÝh| A{^ì¶p³V Ho$ ñdVÝÌ Adga àXmZ H$aHo$ Am¡a CZH$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m
VwaÝV hb H$aHo$ H$a gH$Vm h¡&
7. àe§gm Ed§ {ZÝXm
Bg gÝX^© ‘| {H$E JE ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Aܶ¶Zm| go Xmo V϶ COmJa hþE& àW‘
¶h {H$ Am¡gV ~w{Õ dmbo {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ {bE àe§gm AÀN>o A{^àoaH$ H$m H$m¶©
H$aVr h¡ Am¡a N>moQ>o ~ÀMm| Ho$ {bE {ZÝXm AÀN>o A{^àoaH$ H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¡
Am¡a Xÿgam ¶h {H$ {ZÝXm H$s Anojm àe§gm A{YH$ AÀN>m A{^àoaH$ hmoVm
h¡& ¶h H$m¶© {ejH$ {ejm{W©¶m| H$s ghr AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ {bE ߶ma Ed§ ‘wñH$mZ
^ar ñdrH¥${V Ed§ gwÝXa, ~hþV R>rH$ Am{X eãXm| Ho$ Ûmam H$a gH$Vo h¢& JbV
AZw{H«$¶m na {ZÝXm Ho$ ñWmZ na gh¶moJ A{YH$ CÎm‘ A{^àoaH$ hmoVm h¡&
¶{X H$moB© {ejmWu ~ma-~ma JbV AZw{H«$¶m H$ao Vmo ^r CgH$s {ZÝXm, ào‘ Ed§
ghmZw^y{V Ho$ gmW H$aZr Mm{hE&
8. à{VÛpÝÛVm Ed§ à{V¶mo{JVm
H$^r-H$^r ñnYm© AmYm[aV à{VÛpÝÛVm Am¡a à{V¶mo{JVm ^r AÀN>o A{^àoaH$
H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¢& ¶h à{VÛpÝÛVm ì¶p³VJV Ho$ ñWmZ na gm‘y{hH$ ñVa na
A{YH$ à^mdembr hmoVr h¡& ì¶p³VJV à{VÛpÝÛVm Ed§ à{V¶mo{JVm, Ohm± AÀN>o
A{^àoaH$ H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¢ dhm± {ejm{W©¶m| ‘| Ûof H$s ^mdZm ^r CËnÝZ H$aVr
h¢, naÝVw gm‘y{hH$ à{VÛpÝÛVm Ed§ à{V¶mo{JVm {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo AnZo g‘yh H$mo
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
{dO¶lr {XbmZo hoVw A{YH$ l‘ H$aZo Ho$ {bE A{^ào[aV H$aVr h¡& {ejH$m|
H$mo à{VÛpÝÛVm Am¡a à{V¶mo{JVm H$m Cn¶moJ ~‹S>r gmdYmZr go H$aZm Mm{hE&
9. nwañH$ma Ed§ XÊS>
Bg gÝX^© ‘§o {H$E JE ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Aܶ¶Zm| ‘| nm¶m J¶m {H$ {Og g‘yh
H$s àe§gm H$s JB© CgH$s {Zîn{Îm Cg g‘yh go A{YH$ Wr {OgH$s AmbmoMZm
H$s JB© Wr Am¡a {Ogo {Z¶ÝÌU ‘| aIm J¶m Wm& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ñnîQ> {H$¶m
{H$ nwañH$ma N>mÌm|o ‘| gÝVmof CËnÝZ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a CZH$m ‘Zmo~b ~‹T>mVm h¡,
{Oggo do grIZo Ho$ {bE A{^ào[aV ahVo h¢ Am¡a XÊS> N>mÌm| ‘| IrO CËnÝZ
H$aVm h¡ Am¡a CZH$m ‘Zmo~b {JamVm h¡ {Oggo N>mÌm| H$m grIZo ‘| ‘Z Zht
bJVm, naÝVw nwañH$ma ~‹S>r gmdYmZr go XoZm Mm{hE& H$ht Eogm Z hmo {H$
N>mÌ ‘yb CÔoí¶ go ^Q>H$ OmE± Am¡a nwañH$ma nmZm hr CZH$m CÔoí¶ hmo OmE&
nwañH$ma N>mÌm| H$s {deof g’$bVm na hr XoZm Mm{hE Am¡a VwaÝV XoZm Mm{hE
Am¡a àe§gm, à‘mU-nÌ AWdm nXH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘§o XoZm Mm{hE& Hw$N> n[apñW{V¶m|
‘| ~ÀMm§o H$mo XÊS> XoZm A{^àoaH$ H$m H$m¶© H$aVm h¡, O¡go- CÝh| AݶWm
AmMaU go amoH$Zo Ho$ {bE {XE OmZo dmbm XÊS>, naÝVw XÊS> ~‹S>r gmdYmZr go
XoZm Mm{hE& H«$moY H$s pñW{V ‘| XÊS> XoZm hm{ZH$maH$ hmoVm h¡& Bggo {ejmWu
A{^ào[aV hmoZo Ho$ ñWmZ na nbm¶Z H$a OmVo h¢&
10. g’$bVm H$m kmZ
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ñH$sZa Zo AnZo à¶moJm| ‘| nm¶m {H$ ¶{X grIZo dmbo H$mo AnZr
g’$bVm H$m kmZ VwaÝV H$am {X¶m OmE, Vmo dh CgHo$ {bE A{^àoaH$ H$m H$m¶©
H$aVm h¡, dh Cggo AmJo Ho$ H$m¶© H$mo Am¡a A{YH$ CËgmh go H$aVm h¡& ñH$sZa
Zo Bgo nwZ~©bZ H$s g§km Xr& CÝhmo§Zo {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ Bg àH$ma Ho$ nwZ~©bZ XoZo
hoVw A{^H«${‘V Aܶ¶Z H$m {dH$mg ^r {H$¶m&
11. Cn¶w³VV‘ {ejU {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ
{ejH$ Cn¶w³VV‘ {ejU {d{Y dh hmoVr h¡ {Og‘| N>mÌm| H$s é{M hmoVr h¡
Am¡a {OgHo$ Ûmam do erK« grIVo h¢& erK« g’$bVm go nwZ~©bZ {‘bVm h¡,
grIZo dmbo A{^ào[aV hmoVo h¢ Am¡a grIZo H$s {H«$¶m H$mo Am¡a A{YH$ J{V
àXmZ hmoVr h¡&
{ejm{W©¶m| H$s A{^àoaUm ~‹T>mZo H$s Am¡a ^r AZoH$ {d{Y¶m± hmo gH$Vr
h¢& {ejH$m| H$mo {H$gr ^r {d{Y H$m M¶Z {ejm{W©¶m|§ H$s Am¶w, n[an³dVm,
‘ZmoXem, {df¶dñVw AWdm H$m¡eb H$s àH¥${V Am¡a {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ n¶m©daU,
BZ g~H$mo ÑpîQ> ‘| aIH$a H$aZm Mm{hE, O~ Omo {d{Y ¶m {d{Y¶m± Cn¶w³V
hm|, V~ CZHo$ Ûmam CZH$s A{^àoaUm H$mo ~‹T>mZm Mm{hE& ¶h ^r AnZo ‘| EH$
H$bm h¡, {ejH$ H$mo Bg H$bm ‘| {ZnwU hmoZm Mm{hE&
8.10 A{^àoaUm Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm¶r H$maH$
ì¶p³V H$m g‘ñV ì¶dhma A{^àoaUm na hr AmYm[aV hmoVm h¡& {ejm à{H«$¶m
H$mo gwMmê$ ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE VWm ~mbH$ H$mo kmZ àmá H$amZo Ho$ {bE Cgo
ào[aV H$aZm A{V Amdí¶H$ h¡& àoaUm {‘bZo go ~mbH$ H$s n‹T>Zo ‘| é{M hmo
OmVr h¡& Om°Z nr. {S>goH$s Zo A{^àoaUm XoZo dmbo Mma H$maH$m| H$m dU©Z {H$¶m
h¡, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
 àJʶ A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘
1. CÎmoOZm
2. AmH$m§jm
3. àmoËgmhZ
4. XÊS> VWm AZwemgZ
8.10.1 CÎmoOZm
CÎmoOZm ep³V àXmZ H$aVr h¡ naÝVw {ZX}eZ Zht àXmZ H$aVr& O¡go- {H$gr
‘erZ H$mo Mmby H$a {X¶m OmE naÝVw CgH$m ‘mJ© {ZpíMV Zht {H$¶m OmE&
CÎmoOZm ì¶p³V H$s g{H«$¶Vm Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ KQ>H$ ‘mZm OmVm h¡&
CÎmoOZm Ho$ VrZ ñVa hmoVo h¢-
www.praganya.org
1. CÀM ñVa
2. ‘ܶ ñVa
3. {ZåZ ñVa
ì¶p³V H$mo CÎmoOZm Xmo òmoVm| go {‘bVr h¡-
1. AmÝV[aH$ CÎmoOZm òmoV - emar[aH$ ê$n go emar[aH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm|
H$s gÝVwpîQ> Ho$ {bE ì¶p³V g{H«$¶ hmoVm h¡& ì¶p³V ñd^md go hr
g{H«$¶ hmoVm h¡& AmÝV[aH$ ¶moOZm ñÌmoV emar[aH$ {ZåZ ñVa H$s
Amdí¶H$VmAm| go boH$a CÀM ñVa H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| VH$ hmoVm h¡&
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2. ~mø CÎmoOZm òmoV - gm‘mݶV¶m dmVmdaU go ì¶p³V H$mo CÎmoOZm
{‘bVr h¡& dmVmdaU Ho$ VÎd CÔrnZ H$m H$m¶© H$aVo h¢& dmVmdaU
H$s ZdrZVm ^r ~mbH$m| H$mo ào[aV H$aVr h¡& ZragVm H$mo Xÿa H$aZo
Ho$ {bE n[adV©Z VWm dmVmdaU H$s ZdrZVm Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡&
CËgwH$Vm VWm CÎmoOZm XmoZmo§ hr ^mdZm Ho$ ñVa H$mo CR>mZo ‘|
ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢& CÎmoOZm ‘| ^mdwH$Vm H$s ‘mÌm A{YH$ hmoVr h¡&
CÎmoOZm H$m N>mÌ H$s {Zîn{Îm¶m| go YZmË‘H$ gh-gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡&
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àmÊmr H$mo A{YH$m{YH$ Hw$ebVmnyd©H$ H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ {bE ‘ܶ ñVa H$s
OmJê$H$Vm n¶m©á hmoVr h¡& dh A{YH$Va hëHo$ CÔrnZm| H$mo J«hU H$aVm h¡ VWm
VoO CÔrnZm| go ~MZm MmhVm h¡& g§b½Z dH«$ go ¶h ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$ ñ‘aU
H$aZm, Omo‹S>Zo H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo hb H$aZm VWm Ajam| H$mo ¶mX H$aZm Am{X
{H«$¶mAm| ‘| ‘ܶ ñVa H$s OmJê$H$Vm Hw$ebVmnyd©H$ hmoVr h¡&
CÎmoOZm Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$m H$m¶©
{ejU ‘| CÎmoOZm go VmËn¶© N>mÌm| H$s g{H«$¶Vm Ho$ gm‘mݶ ñVa go h¡& {ejH$
Ho$ g‘j N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE CÎmoOZm H$s g‘ñ¶m AmVr h¡& N>mÌm| H$s {Zîn{Îm Cgr
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 139
g‘¶ AÀN>r hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ N>mÌ Z A{YH$ ^mdwH$ Am¡a Z A{YH$ gwñV
hmoVm h¡& {ejH$ H$m H$m¶© N>mÌm| H$mo g{H«$¶ aIZm h¡& H$jm H$s X¡{ZH$ {H«$¶mAm|
H$s ZragVm H$mo H$‘ H$aZo Ho$ {bE N>mÌm| H$mo CÎmo{OV H$aZm Mm{hE& A‘yV©
àH$aU H$mo CXmhaUm| H$s ghm¶Vm go ñnîQ> H$aZm Mm{hE& AkmV àH$aU H$mo
gmÑí¶ AZw^d H$s ghm¶Vm go ~moYJå¶ ~ZmZm Mm{hE& CÎmoOZm Ho$ H$m¶© H$m
AW© {ejH$ Ho$ {bE N>mÌm| H$mo grIZo ‘| g§b½Z aIZo VWm g{H«$¶ ~ZmZo hoVw
à¶ËZ H$aZm h¡& BgHo$ {bE {ejH$ H$mo AÝdofU VWm ~oZ-ñQ>m°aq‘J {d{Y¶m|
H$mo àñVwV H$aZm Mm{hE& N>mÌm| Ho$ nyd© ì¶dhma Ho$ AmYma na {ejH$ CZH$s
Amdí¶H$VmZwgma CÎmoOZm ñVa H$‘ VWm A{YH$ H$a gH$Vm h¡&
8.10.2 AmH$m§jm
{H$gr H$m¶© Ho$ {bE h‘ {H$VZr Anojm H$aVo h¢ Am¡a {H$VZm dmñVd ‘| H$a nmVo
h¢, ¶h AÝVa h‘| CÎmo{OV H$aVm h¡& ¶h CÎmoOZm àXmZ H$aZo H$m EH$ òmoV
^r ‘mZm OmVm h¡&
AZwXoeZ Ho$ CÔoí¶ ^r AmH$m§jm H$m H$m¶© H$aVo h¢& BZgo {ejH$ H$m
{deof gå~ÝY ahVm h¡, naÝVw {ejH$ H$mo N>mÌm| H$s AmH$m§jmAm| VWm ‘yë¶m| H$mo
ܶmZ ‘| aIZm Mm{hE&
N>mÌ {Og ep³V go AZwXoeZ CÔoí¶m| H$mo nmZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡ dhr
CgH$s AmH$m§jm VWm ep³V- gÝVwbZ H$m n[aUm‘ hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma N>mÌ
{Og àoaH$ H$mo nmZm MmhVm h¡& Cggo CgH$s AmH$m§jm VWm ep³V gÝVwbZ
H$m nVm MbVm h¡& ~«yZ Ho$ AZwgma-
AmH$m§jm EH$ j{UH$ {dídmg hmoVm h¡ {H$ EH$ {deof {H«$¶m Ho$ H$aZo go EH$ {deof
n[aUm‘ {ZH$boJm&
AmH$m§jm VWm à˶jrH$aU ‘| AÝVa CÎmoOZm òmoV H$m H$m¶© H$aVm h¡&
AÝVa Ho$ AmH$ma H$mo N>mÌ H$s ^mdZm {ZYm©[aV H$aVr h¡& A{YH$ AÝVa hmoZo
na AgÝVwpîQ> H$s ^mdZm {dH${gV hmoVr h¡ Am¡a H$‘ AÝVa hmoZo na àgÝZVm
H$m AZw^d H$aVm h¡& {Zîn{Îm A{^àoaUm Bgr H$m n[aUm‘ hmoVm h¡&
AmH$m§jm Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$m H$m¶©
{ejH$ H$m ‘w»¶ H$m¶© N>mÌm| H$s AmH$m§jmAm| H$mo ~XbZm h¡, {Oggo dh
AZwXoeZ CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á H$a gHo$& N>mÌm| H$s VËH$mbrZ AmH$m§jm H$mo ApÝV‘
AmH$m§jm go gå~{ÝV H$aZm Mm{hE, {Oggo N>mÌ grIZo ‘| nyU©V… g§b½Z hmo
gH|$& AmH$m§jmE± nyd©-AZw^dm| VWm {Zîn[Îm¶m| na AmYm[aV hmoVr h¢& {ejH$ H$m
H$Îm©ì¶ hmoVm h¡ {H$ H$jm Ho$ AmH$m§jm ñVa H$mo D$±Mm CR>m¶o, ³¶m|{H$ AmH$m§jm
ñVa hr {Zîn{Îm ñVa Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm¶r ‘mZm OmVm h¡, BgHo$ {bE {ejH$ H$mo
N>mÌm| H$s AmH$m§jm ‘| n[adV©Z bmZm Mm{hE, V^r dh AZwXoeZ CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á
H$aZo ‘| g’$b hmo gH$Vm h¡&
8.10.3 àmoËgmhZ
àmoËgmhZ dmñVd ‘| ‘mZd OrdZ H$m bú¶ hmoVm h¡& hb VWm ñnoÝg H$m ‘V h¡
{H$ àmUr H$s {H«$¶mAm| H$mo bú¶ AWdm àmoËgmhZ Ûmam ào[aV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm
h¡& Ord Omo ^r {H«$¶mE± H$aVm h¡ CZ‘| Hw$N> Z Hw$N> nmZm MmhVm h¡& {OVZm hr
àmoËgmhZ H$m AmH$ma ~‹S>m hmoVm h¡ CVZm hr A{YH$ àoaUm {‘bVr h¡& ì¶p³V
 n¥îR> 140 A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
Ho$ H$m¶© H$s ep³V àmoËgmhZ H$s àH¥${V go à^m{dV hmoVr h¡&
àmoËgmhZ Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$m H$m¶©
{ejH$ H$m H$Îm©ì¶ ¶h h¡ {H$ N>mÌm| H$s AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$mo Bg àH$ma nwZ~©bZ
àXmZ H$ao {Oggo dh AZwXoeZ H$o CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á H$a gHo$, BgHo$ {bE
àe§gm, CËgmhdY©Z, narjm’$b, à{V¶mo{JVm Am{X H$mo à¶w³V H$aZm Mm{hE&
àe§gm H$aZo go N>mÌm| H$m {Zîn{Îm ñVa D$±Mm CR>Vm h¡&
narjm’$b n¥îR>nmofU Ho$ {bE A{YH$ à^mdembr ‘mZm OmVm h¡&
narjm’$b ‘| Amem go A{YH$ A§H$ nmZo na Cg {df¶ H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE
àoaUm {‘bVr h¡ VWm grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$s J{V ‘| d¥{Õ ^r hmoVr h¡& {ejH$
H$mo J¥h-H$m¶moª H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo ‘| CZH$m A§H$Z VWm ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZm Mm{hE
VWm CÝh| erK« N>mÌm| H$mo dmng bm¡Q>mZm Mm{hE& Bggo A{YJ‘ Ho$ H$m¶moª ‘|
N>mÌm| H$s ê${M ~‹T>Vr h¡&
8.10.4 XÊS> VWm AZwemgZ
XÊS> EH$ CÔrnZ Ho$ g‘mZ hmoVm h¡ {Oggo ì¶p³V ~MZo H$mo à¶mg H$aVm h¡&
XÊS> ì¶dhma H$mo amoH$Zo Ho$ {bE CVZm hr {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE {OVZo go AnZm
CÔoí¶ àmá {H$¶m Om gHo$& XÊS> Ho$ Xmo ê$n hmoVo h¢-
1. Cg ì¶p³V H$mo [X¶m OmE {OgZo JbV ì¶dhma {H$¶m h¡, {Oggo
dh ^{dî¶ ‘| Cg ì¶dhma H$s nwZamd¥{Îm Z H$ao&
2. Aݶ ì¶p³V Ho$ g‘j Bg{bE {X¶m OmVm h¡, {Oggo dh ì¶p³V
^r Eogo ì¶dhma Z H$ao&
XÊS> Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$m H$m¶©
AܶmnH$ H$mo N>mÌ Ho$ Adm§{N>V ì¶dhmam| H$mo amoH$Zo Ho$ {bE XÊS> {X¶m OmZm
Mm{hE& H$jm AZwemgZ VWm {dÚmb¶ ‘| AZwemgZ aIZo Ho$ {bE XÊS> {X¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡& XÊS> AZwemgZ H$m hr ê$n hmoVm h¡& XÊS> Cg g‘¶ {deof
Cn¶moJr hmoVm h¡ O~{H$-
1. nwañH$ma Ho$ gmW à¶w³V {H$¶m OmE, AÀN>o ì¶dhma H$s àe§gm VWm
Adm§N>Zr¶ ì¶dhmam| Ho$ {bE XÊS> {X¶m OmE&
2. Adm§{N>V ì¶dhma H$m n[aUm‘ j{VnyU© hmo&
3. Adm§{N>V ì¶dhma Ho$ {bE VËH$mb hr XÊS> {X¶m OmE {Oggo, N>mÌ
¶h AZw^d H$a gHo$ {H$ CgH$mo Adm§N>Zr¶ H$m¶© Ho$ H$maU XÊS>
{X¶m J¶m h¡&
pñH$Za Zo XÊS> H$mo ñd¶§ g§doJ Zht ‘mZm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ BgH$m AmYma
^¶ hmoVm h¡& CZH$m gwPmd h¡ {H$ Adm§N>Zr¶ H$m¶moª na ܶmZ Zht XoZm Mm{hE,
³¶m|{H$ XÊS> XoZo na Adm§N>Zr¶ ì¶dhmam| H$mo ~b {‘bVm h¡& N>mÌm| ‘| hrZ^mdZm
H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡, {ejH$ Ho$ à{V gX²^mdZm Zht ahVr h¡& AV… BgH$m à¶moJ
H$^r-H$^r hr H$aZm Mm{hE&
8.11 A{YJ‘ ‘| A{^àoaUm H$m ñWmZ
{ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| A{YJ‘ VWm A{YJ‘ Ho$ joÌ ‘| A{^àoaUm H$m {deof ñWmZ
hmoVm h¡& {H$gr ^r àH$ma H$m A{YJ‘ {~Zm A{^àoaUm Ho$ gå^d Zht hmoVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
Bg gÝX^© ‘| E§S>agZ H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$-
A{YJ‘ A{^àoaUm nmH$a gdm}Îm‘ T>§J go AmJo ~‹T>Vm h¡&
O~{H$ Bg gÝX^© ‘| Wm°‘gZ H$m {dMma h¡ {H$-
A[^àoaUm N>mÌ ‘| ê${M CËnÝZ H$aZo H$s H$bm h¡&
{ejU Ho$ {Z¶moOZ VWm ì¶dñWm H$mo Mmho {H$VZm hr AÀN>m ³¶m| Z
~Zm {b¶m Om¶o, naÝVw O~ VH$ N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo A[^ào[aV Zht {H$¶m
OmVm, V~ VH$ A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m VWm {ejU à{H«$¶m XmoZm| hr AmJo Zht ~‹T>
gH$Vr h¡& AV… N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo CËào[aV, àmoËgm{hV Am¡a {ZX}{eV H$aZo
Ho$ {bE AܶmnH$ H$mo A{^àoaUm H$m ghmam boZm n‹S>Vm h¡, {Oggo A{YJ‘
CÔoí¶m| H$mo ^br-^m±{V àmá {H$¶m Om gHo$& ‘mZd Ho$ g‘ñV ì¶dhma Am¡a
{H«$¶mE± àaoUm na hr AmYm[aV hmoVr h¡& {ejm H$s à{H«$¶m ^r àoaUm Ho$ {~Zm
gå^d Zht hmo gH$Vr h¡& Bg àoaUm H$s ‘hÎmm na àH$me S>mbVo hþE H¡$br Zo
H$hm h¡ {H$-
A{^àoaUm A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m Ho$ C{MV ì¶dñWmnZ ‘| Ho$ÝÐr¶ H$maH$ hmoVm h¡& {H$gr
àH$ma H$s ^r A{^àoaUm g^r A{YJ‘ ‘| Adí¶ CnpñWV ahZr Mm{hE&
³bmg{‘¶a d JwS>{dZ Zo {bIm h¡-
grIZo Ho$ {bE àoaUm H$m ‘hÎd {Zñg§Xoh ê$n go gmYmaUV… ñdrH$ma {H$¶m OmVm
h¡&
¶h CÕaU Bg {dMma H$m g‘W©Z H$aVm h¡ {H$ grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m
‘| àoaUm Ho$ ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ‘V-{d{^ÝZVm Zht hmo gH$Vr h¡&
àoaUm, grIZo H$m ‘hÎdnyU© A§J h¡& àoaUmhrZ {H«$¶m Ho$ grIZo ‘| ì¶p³V ê${M
Zhr boVm& grIZo ‘| àoaUm H$m ‘hÎd Bg àH$ma h¡-
1. ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z
{ejH$ àe§gm, {ZÝXm, nwañH$ma, ^Ëg©Zm Am{X H¥${Ì‘ àoaH$m| H$m ~w{Õ‘mZr go
à¶moJ H$aHo$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo {ZX}{eV Am¡a n[ad{V©V H$a gH$Vm h¡&
2. M[aÌ-{Z‘m©U ‘| ghm¶Vm
{ejH$, ~mbH$m| H$mo CÎm‘ JwUm| Am¡a AmXemoª H$mo àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$a
gH$Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma, dh CZHo$ M[aÌ-{Z‘m©U ‘| ghm¶Vm Xo gH$Vm h¡&
3. ܶmZ Ho$pÝÐV H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm
H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-
{ejH$, ~mbH$m| H$mo ào[aV H$aHo$, CÝh| AnZo ܶmZ H$mo nmR>²¶-{df¶ na Ho$pÝÐV
H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm Xo gH$Vm h¡&
4. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
H«$mo d H«$mo Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-
àoaH$, N>mÌ H$mo AnZr grIZo H$s {H«$¶mAm| ‘| àmoËgmhZ XoVo h¢&
AV… {ejH$, àoaH$m| H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$ N>mÌm| H$mo kmZ H$m AO©Z H$aZo
Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$a gH$Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma, dh CZHo$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘|
Anyd© ¶moJ Xo gH$Vm h¡&
 àJʶ
5. ê${M H$m {dH$mg
Wm°‘gZ Ho$ AZwgma-
àoaUm, N>mÌ ‘| ê${M CËnÝZ H$aZo H$s H$bm h¡&
AV… {ejH$, àoaUm H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$ ~mbH$m| ‘| H$m¶© ¶m Aܶ¶Z Ho$
à{V ê${M H$m {dH$mg H$a gH$Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma, dh CZHo$ {bE kmZ àmá H$aZo
H$m H$m¶© gab ~Zm gH$Vm h¡&
6. AZwemgZ H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg
{ejH$, ~mbH$m| H$mo AÀN>o H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$a gH$Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma,
dh CZ‘| AZwemgZ H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg H$aHo$ AZwemgZhrZVm H$s g‘ñ¶m
H$m g‘mYmZ H$a gH$Vm h¡&
7. gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg
{ejH$, ~mbH$m| H$mo gm‘wXm{¶H$ H$m¶m] ‘| ^mJ boZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aHo$ CZ‘|
gm‘wXm{¶H$ ^mdZm Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg H$a gH$Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma,
dh CZH$mo g‘mO Ho$ AÀN>o Am¡a Cn¶moJr gXñ¶ ~ZZo H$m à{ejU Xo gH$Vm h¡&
8. A{YH$ kmZ H$m AO©Z
H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-
{ejH$ ~mbH$m| ‘| à{V¶mo{JVm H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg H$aHo$, CÝh| A{YH$ kmZ H$m
AO©Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE àoaUm àXmZ H$a gH$Vm h¡&
9. Vrd« J{V go kmZ H$m AO©Z
{ejH$ CÎm‘ {ejU {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$ ~mbH$m| H$mo Vrd« J{V go kmZ H$m
AO©Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$a gH$Vm h¡&
10. ì¶[³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ AZwgma àJ{V
àoaH$, ì¶p³V H$mo Cg {H«$¶m H$mo MwZZo ‘| ghm¶Vm XoVo h¢, {Ogo H$aZo H$s
CgH$s BÀN>m hmoVr h¡& AV… {ejH$ C{MV àoaH$m| H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$, ~mbH$m§o§ H$mo
AnZr BÀN>mZwgma H$m¶© ¶m {df¶ H$m MwZmd H$aZo ‘| ¶moJ Xo gH$Vm h¡& Bg
àH$ma, dh CZH$mo AnZr ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ AZwgma àJ{V H$aZo H$m
Adga Xo gH$Vm h¡&
no«aUm, {ejm H$s à{H«$¶m H$m ‘w»¶ AmYma Am¡a grIZo H$m Eogm
ep³Vembr gmYZ h¡, {OgH$m à¶moJ H$aHo$ {ejH$, ~mbH$m| H$mo CZHo$ gmܶ
VH$ nhþ±Mm gH$Vm h¡, CZH$s {H«$¶mAm| H$mo {H$gr ^r {Xem ‘| ‘mo‹S> gH$Vm h¡
CZHo$ ì¶dhma ‘| dm§N>Zr¶ n[adV©Z H$a gH$Vm h¡& Bgr{bE, Hw$ßnyñdm‘r Zo
{bIm h¡-
h‘mao {dÚmb¶ ‘| grIZo Ho$ {bE dmñV{dH$ Am¡a ñWm¶r àoaH$m| H$mo àXmZ {H$E OmZo
Ho$ à¶mg H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡&
8.12 A{^àoaUm ‘| {ejH$ Ho$ H$m¶©
A[YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo ge³V Ed§ à^mdembr ~ZmZo Ho$ {b¶o {ejH$ H$s
^y{‘H$m ‘hÎdnyU© hmo OmVr h¡& grIZo H$s {H«$¶m ‘| {ejU VWm A{YJ‘, XmoZm|
em{‘b hmoVo h¢& {ejH$ {gImVm h¡, N>mÌ grIVo h¢& N>mÌ Cg g‘¶ A{YH$
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 141
ê${M VWm J{V go grIVo h¢ O~ CÝh| AܶZ àoaUm XoVm h¡& ¶h àoaUm nwañH$ma
VWm XÊS>, XmoZm| àH$ma go Xr Om gH$Vr h¡& {ejH$ H$mo N>mÌm| ‘o§ grIZo H$s J{V
H$mo Vrd« VWm à^mdembr ~ZmZo Ho$ {b¶o ¶o A{^àoaUmË‘H$ H$m¶© H$aZo Mm{hE -
1. {ejH$ H$mo Mm{h¶o {H$ dh N>mÌm| H$mo A{^ào[aV H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o CÝh|
ZdrZ kmZ H$s àm{á Ho$ {b¶o àomËgmhZ Xo, Cgo {ejU gm‘J«r Ho$
CÔoí¶ ñnîQ> hmoZo Mm{h¶o& N>mÌm| ‘| {Z{hV JwUm| H$s nhMmZ H$aZm
Amdí¶H$ h¡&
2. {ejH$ H$mo Mm{h¶o {H$ dh N>mÌm| H$mo A{^àoaUm XoVo g‘¶ CZHo$
d¡¶p³VH$ JwUm| na ܶmZ Xo&
3. N>mÌm| ‘| g‘m[OH$Vm Ho$ JwUm| H$mo {dH${gV H$a CÝh| bú¶ àm{á H$s
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Amoa AJ«ga {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
4. {ejH$, N>mÌm| H$mo àoaUm XoH$a CZHo$ ì¶dhma H$mo {ZX}{eV H$aVm h¡&
bú¶ àm{á Ho$ {b¶o N>mÌm| H$mo {ZaÝVa ào[aV {H$¶m OmZm Amdí¶H$
h¡&
5. N>mÌm| H$mo ‘mJ©Xe©Z XoH$a CZHo$ OrdZ H$m bú¶ {ZYm©[aV H$a
gH$Vm h¡&
6. {ejH$, N>mÌm| H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo g‘P H$a, CÝho§ CZH$s ny{V©
hoVw àoaUm Xo gH$Vm h¡&
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7. {ejH$, N>mÌm| ‘| A{^àoaUm Ho$ Ûmam CÎmoOZm H$aVm h¡& Bggo Cg‘|
ep³V g§Mma hmoVm h¡& ¶h ep³V N>mÌm| ‘| CËgmh ^aVr h¡&
8. A{^àoaUm àXmZ H$a N>mÌm| ‘| ê${M H$mo {dH${gV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm
h¡&
9. A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma ‘| AZwemgZ H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& AÀN>r AmXVm|
H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
10. A{^àoaUm Ho$ Ûmam N>mÌm| ‘| kmZ àm{á VWm H$m¡eb H$mo grIZo H$s
BÀN>m CËnÝZ H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
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11. {ejH$, ~mbH$m| H$mo M[aÌ {Z‘m©U H$s {ejm A{^àoaUm Ho$ Ûmam Xo
gH$Vm h¡&
{ejH$, ¶{X A{^àoaUm H$m ghr Cn¶moJ H$ao Vmo dh {ejU H$s {H«$¶m
H$mo A[YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© ~Zm gH$Vm h& dh N>mÌm| Ho$ AÝXa CZ ep³V¶m| H$mo OÝ‘
Xo gH$Vm h¡ Omo ì¶p³V, g‘wXm¶ VWm g‘mO Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘§o ghm¶H$ hmo gH$Vr
h¡& g§Kf©, AÝVÛ©ÝX, VWm bú¶ H$s Amoa AZwgaU Ûmam dh {ejU-A{YJ‘
H$mo ge³V ~Zm gH$Vm h¡&
8.13 A{^àoaUm H$m {ejm ‘| Cn¶moJ
A{^àoaUm H$m {ejm ‘| A˶ÝV ‘hÎd h¡& ~mbH$ H$mo àe§gm Ed§ Xmof, ñdrH¥${V
Ed§ AñdrH¥${V Ho$ ‘ܶ AZoH$ H$m¶© H$aZo n‹S>Vo h¢& A{^àoaUm Ho$ Ûmam A{YJ‘
Ed§ ì¶dhma n[adV©Z Ho$ AmYma na g¡ÕmpÝVH$ ê$n ‘| Omo {dMma {H$¶m J¶m,
CgHo$ ì¶mdhm[aH$ nj na e¡{jH$ ÑpîQ> go {dMma H$a|, Vmo-
1. {ejH$ H$mo Mm{hE {H$ dh {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s {H«$¶mAm| AWm©V² ì¶dhma
H$mo ~XbZo H$s Anojm CZH$s ^mdZmAm| H$mo ~XbZo H$m à¶mg H$ao&
2. H$jm ‘| H$^r ^r H$moB© Eogr ~mV Z H$h| {Oggo {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| hrZ
^mdZmE± CËnÝZ hm|&
 n¥îR> 142 A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
3. {dÚmWu gå‘mZ MmhVo h¢, CÝh| gå‘mZ {X¶m OmE&
4. CZH$s {OZ Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© H$a gH$Vo h¢, CZH$s ny{V© H$aZo
Aä¶mgmW© àíZ
H$m à¶mg {H$¶m OmE&
5. àe§gm, nwañH$ma, ^Ëg©Zm Ed§ XÊS> Am{X H$mo H$^r ^r AnZo {ejU
H$m A§J Z ~Zm¶m OmE, AWm©V² BZH$m Cn¶moJ V^r {H$¶m OmE O~ 1. A{^àoaU go VmËn¶© hmoVm h¡-
Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>o& (1) ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z go
6. [dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| ^mdZm n[adV©Z H$s ÑpîQ> go CZ JwUm| H$m AZwgaU (2) ‘Zmod¥{Îm n[adV©Z go
ñd¶§ ^r {H$¶m OmE {OZH$s Anojm h‘ AnZo {dÚm{W©¶m| go H$aVo h¢& (3) EH$ AmÝV[aH$ ~b go, Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo EH$ {ZpíMV {Xem
7. nwañH$ma Ed§ àe§gm H$s Ad{Y bå~r hmo AWm©V² OëXr-OëXr ¶m àXmZ H$aVm h¡&
~ma-~ma àe§gm H$aZm VWm nwañH$ma XoZm ^r R>rH$ Zht& (4) EH$ Eogo AmÝV[aH$ ~b go, Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo {N>ÝZ-{^ÝZ H$a
8. {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s ^mdZmAm| H$m H$^r ^r X‘Z Z {H$¶m OmE& XoVm h¡&
9. XÊS> Am¡a ^Ëg©Zm H$m V^r à¶moJ {H$¶m OmE O~ CËào[aV H$aZo H$m
2. grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| A{^àoaUm-
H$moB© Aݶ CËàoaH$ H$m‘ Z H$ao VWm dh ^r Ho$db {Z¶‘ {dê$Õ (1) {ejm{W©¶m| H$s ñ‘aU ep³V H$mo n¡Zm ~ZmVr h¡&
H$m¶moª H$mo amoH$Zo Ho$ {bE& (2) {nN>bo grIo hþE H$mo Z¶o A{YJ‘ go AbJ H$aVr h¡&
10. àe§gm Ed§ nwañH$ma g‘yh ‘| g^r Ho$ gm‘Zo {X¶o OmE Am¡a ^Ëg©Zm (3) {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo EH$ {Xem ‘| gmoMZo ¶mo½¶ ~ZmVr h¡&
¶m XÊS> AHo$bo ‘|& (4) [ejm{W©¶m| ‘| grIZo Ho$ à{V ê${M H$m {dH$mg H$aVr h¡&
11. {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo CËào[aV H$aVo g‘¶ CZH$s Am¶w Ed§ qbJ H$m ܶmZ
Adí¶ aIm OmE& g~Ho$ gmW AbJ-AbJ CËàoaH$ H$m¶© H$a|Jo& 3. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| goo A{^àoaUm MH«$ Ho$ g§KQ>H$m| H$m ghr H«$‘ h¡-
12. XÊS> ^r XoZm hmo Vmo emar[aH$ ¶m Am{W©H$ XÊS> Z XoH$a n‹T>Zo ¶m H$m¶© (1) àmoËgmhZMmbZAmdí¶H$Vm
H$aZo Ho$ ê$n ‘| {X¶m OmE& (2) MmbZAmdí¶H$VmàmoËgmhZ
13. ~mø CËàoaH$m| H$m à¶moJ H$‘ go H$‘ Am¡a AmÝV[aH$ CËàoaH$m| H$m (3) Amdí¶H$VmMmbZàmoËgmhZ
Cn¶moJ A{YH$ go A{YH$ {H$¶m OmE& (4) Amdí¶H$VmàmoËgmhZMmbZ
14. gm‘y{hH$ ~mVm| H$mo g^r go Am¡a d¡¶p³VH$ ~mVm| H$mo gå~pÝYV
4. A{^àoaUm EH$-
{dÚmWu go hr H$hm OmE& (1) d¡km{ZH$ {dMmaYmam h¡&
15. AÝV ‘|, {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gmW gX¡d {Zînj ì¶dhma {H$¶m OmE& (2) ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {dMmaYmam h¡&
(3) ñdm^m{dH$ {dMmaYmam h¡&
******* (4) ^m¡{VH$dmXr dñVw h¡&

àJʶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ à˶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET, MP 5. A{^àoaUm A{YJ‘ H$m h¡-
Samvida, BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET, HPTET) (1) ‘w»¶ A§J (2) ghm¶H$ A§J
Ho$ {bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡& ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s (3) H$moB© A§J Zht (4) H$m¶©
PDF àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$
6. A{^àoaU H$m EH$ ‘w»¶ VÎd h¡-
³bmg J«wn ¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m Aݶ ñQ>S>r Jw«n ‘| Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘|
(1) à˶jU (2) g§doJ
‘m°S>b nona ^ooO {XE OmE±J|& (3) {MÝVZ (4) AÝVZm}X

UPTET - 95301 43210 7. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm VÎd ~mø A{^àoaUm ‘| ghm¶H$ Zht h¡?
MP Samvida - 95302 43210 (1) nwañH$ma (2) AmXe©
BTET - 95302 43210 (3) àe§gm (4) {ZÝXm
UTET - 72209 29294
JTET - 72209 29239 8. àoaUm {H$gH$s ì¶m»¶m H$aVr h¡?
HTET - 72209 29266 (1) ì¶dhma ³¶m h¡ (2) ì¶dhma Ho$ à^md
CGTET - 72209 28969
(3) ì¶dhma ³¶m| K{Q>V hmoVm h¡ (4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
HPTET - 72209 28535

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
(3) (4) (3) (2) (2) (4) (4) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
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9. 6 go 10 df© H$s AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ê${M boZm àmaå^ H$aVo h¢- 19. A{^àoaUm H$m àíZ ³¶m| H$m àíZ h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-
(1) Y‘© ‘| (2) ‘mZd eara ‘| (1) {hbJmS>© H$m (2) H«o$M d H«$M’«$sëS> H$m
(3) ¶m¡Z gå~ÝYm| ‘| (4) {dÚmb¶ ‘| (3) dwS>dW© H$m (4) pñH$Za H$m

10. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go OÝ‘OmV A{^àoaH$ H$m¡Zgm h¡? 20. ........... H$mo EH$ A{^ào[aV {ejU H$m g§Ho$VH$ ‘mZm OmVm h¡&
(1) {ZÐm (2) IobZm (1) H$jm ‘| A{YH$V‘ CnpñW{V
(3) àe§gm (4) H«$moY (2) {ejH$ Ûmam {X¶o J¶o CnMmamË‘H$ H$m¶©
(3) {dÚm{W©¶m| Ûmam àíZ nyN> Zo
11. A{^àoaUm H$s ì¶m»¶m OÝ‘OmV ‘yb àd¥{Îm¶m| Ho$ AmYma na H$s Om (4) H$jm ‘| EH$X‘ Im‘moer
gH$Vr h¡& ¶h {H$gZo H$hm h¡?
(1) ‘¡³Sy>Jb Zo (2) H$Q>© bo{dZ Zo 21. ~mbH$m| H$mo A{^àoaU àXmZ H$aZo hoVw CÎm‘ Cnm¶ h¡-

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(3) ’«$m¶S> Zo (4) pñH$Za Zo (1) AÀN>m ì¶m»¶mZ XoZm
(2) A{^^mdH$m| go {eH$m¶V H$aZm
12. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm OÝ‘OmV àoaH$ Zht h¡? (3) ZdmMmam| H$m à¶moJ
(1) ^yI (2) ߶mg (4) BZ‘o§ go H$moB© Zht
(3) AmXV (4) {ZÐm
22. O~ A{YJ‘ H$aZo dmbo ‘| ñd¶§ hr A{YJ‘ H$m¶© na A{YH$ma àmá
13. N>mÌm| H$mo ào[aV H$aZo ‘| Ah‘ ^y{‘H$m h¡- H$aVo hþE VZmd CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡, ¶h pñW{V H$hbmVr h¡-
(1) {ejH$-N>mÌ dmVm© H$s (1) ‘ܶ A{^àoaUm (2) AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaUm
(2) {ejH$ Ho$ AmXe© ì¶dhma H$s
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(3) ~mø A{^àoaUm (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

(3) {ejH$ Ho$ CnXoe H$s
(4) g‘¶ na nwañH$ma Ed§ XÊS> H$s 23. A{^àoaUm go gå~pÝYV AdYmZ Zht h¡-
(1) ~w{Õ (2) A{^j‘Vm
14. Amn AnZr àe§gm na- (3) gm‘m{OH$ A¶mo½¶Vm (4) A{^d¥{Îm
(1) àgÝZ hmo OmVo h¢&
(2) AmnH$m {ga Jd© go D±$Mm hmo OmVm h¡& 24. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr {deofVm AmÝV[aH$ ê$n go A{^ào[aV ~ÀMm|
(3) Amn na {deof ’$H©$ Zht n‹S>Vm& Ho$ {bE ghr Zht h¡?
(4) AnZo H$m‘ H$mo Am¡a AÀN>o VarHo$ go H$aVo h¢& (1) CÝh| H$m¶© H$aZo ‘| AmZÝX AmVm h¡&
(2) do H$m¶© H$aVo g‘¶ CÀM ñVa H$s D$Om© àX{e©V H$aVo h¢&
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15. àoaUm H$m ñÌmoV Zht h¡- (3) do MwZm¡Vr ^ao H$m¶m] H$mo ngÝX H$aVo h¢&
(1) MmbH$ (2) CÛrnZ (4) do h‘oem g’$b hmoVo h¢&
(3) àoaH$ (4) ^moOZ
25. A{^àoaUm Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ AZwgma, EH$ {ejH$ ........... Ho$ Ûmam
16. A{^àoaUm go CËnÝZ {H«$¶merbVm hr grIZo Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm¶r hmoVr grIZo H$mo g§d{Õ©V H$a gH$Vm h¡&
h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡- (1) {dÚm{W©¶m| go dmñV{dH$ AnojmE± aIZo
(1) {~Zo H$m (2) S>Jbg H$m (2) AnojmAm| H$m EH$ê$n ñVa aIZo
(3) dr. E’$. pñH$Za H$m (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) {dÚm{W©¶m| go {H$gr àH$ma H$s AnojmE± Z aIZo
(4) {dÚm{W©¶m| go ~hþV CÀM AnojmE± aIZo
17. àoaUm hmoVr h¡-
(1) gH$mamË‘H$ (2) ZH$mamË‘H$ 26. EH$ {dÚmWu ‘o{S>H$b H$m°boO ‘§o Xm{Ibm boZo Ho$ {bE H${R>Z n[al‘
(3) ^mdmË‘H$ (4) 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm|
H$aVm h¡, Vm{H$ dh àdoe narjm ‘| CÎmrU© hmo gHo$& ¶h {dÚmWu
18. {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go H$m¡Zgm A{^àoaU ‘| em{‘b Zht h¡? ............ ê$n go A[^ào[aV h¡&
(1) Amdí¶H$Vm (2) àUmoX (1) d¡¶p³VH$ (2) AmZw^{dH$
(3) ê${M (4) BÝgopÝQ>d (3) AmÝV[aH$ (4) ~mø

9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.
(4) (1) (1) (3) (3) (4) (4) (3) (4) (3) (2) (3) (3) (2) (3) (4) (1) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 144 A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
27. ‘mo{hV H$mo ~ÀMm| H$mo n‹T>mZm AÀN>m bJVm h¡, Bg{bE dh ~r.ES>. H$s 34. ‘mñbmo Ho$ Amdí¶H$VmZwgma nXmZwH«$‘ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma H$m¡Zgr
àdoe narjm Ho$ {bE Iy~ ‘ohZV H$aVm h¡& ‘mo{hV ........... A{^ào[aV h¡& Amdí¶H$Vm g~go AÝV ‘| nyar hmoVr h¡?
(1) AmÝV[aH$ ê$n go (2) ~mø ê$n go (1) gå‘mZ (2) AmË‘-¶WmW©Vm
(3) g{H«$¶ ê$n go (4) ~m¡{ÕH$ ê$n go (3) gwajm (4) gm‘m{OH$

28. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm grIZo Ho$ {bE A{YH$V‘ ê$n go A{^ào[aV 35. ‘mñbmo Ho$ AZwgma, {ZåZ{b{IV àoaUmAm| ‘| g~go A{YH$ ep³Vembr
H$aVm h¡? àaoUmE± H$m¡Zgr h¢?
(1) ~hþV gab ¶m H${R>Z bú¶m§o H$m M¶Z H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm (1) X¡{hH$ Amdí¶H$VmE± (2) ì¶p³VJV gm‘m{OH$
(2) bú¶m| H$mo àmá H$aZo ‘| ì¶p³VJV gÝVwpîQ> (3) A{O©V àoaUmE± (4) gm‘mݶ gm‘m{OH$
(3) ~mø H$maH$
(4) Ag’$bVm go ~MZo Ho$ {bE A[^àoaU 36. àoaUm H$moB© ^r {deof AmÝV[aH$ H$maH$ AWdm AdñWm h¡, Omo {H«$¶m
H$mo Amaå^ H$aZo AWdm ~ZmE aIZo H$s àd¥{Îm aIVr h¡& ¶h H$WZ
29. AmÝV[aH$ ê$n go A{^ào[aV {dÚmWu- {ZåZ{b{IV ‘o§ go {H$gH$m h¡? ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m
(1) Ho$ {bE nwañH$ma H$s {~ëHw$b ^r Amdí¶H$Vm Zht h¡& (1) Ama. Eg. dwS>dW© H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV
(2) Ho$ {bE ~mø nwañH$ma CgH$s A{^àoaUm H$mo ~ZmE aIZo Ho$ {bE n¶m©á {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg
(2) Oo. nr. {Jb’$moS>© H$m nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ
Zht h¡& (3) JmS>©Za ‘’$s© H$m àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(3) H$m ~mø ê$n go A{^ào[aV {dÚmWu H$s VwbZm ‘| A{^àoaUm ñVa H$‘ (4) EZ. Eb. EZ H$m www.praganya.org
hmoVm h¡& go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
(4) Ho$ {bE Am¡nMm[aH$ {ejm H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht h¡& 37. EH$ àoaUm ì¶p³V H$s EH$ AdñWm AWdm CÝ‘wIVm h¡, Omo {H$ Cgo
Hw$N> ì¶dhma H$aZo VWm Hw$N> bjUm| H$mo ImoOZo H$s Amoa bo OmVr h¡&
30. CnbpãY A{^àoaUm h¡- àoaUm H$s ¶h n[a^mfm {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gZo Xr h¡?
(1) MwZm¡VrnyU© H$m¶© H$aZo ‘| S>Q>o ahZo H$s àd¥{Îm (1) JmS>©Za ‘’$s© Zo (2) EZ. Eb. EZ. Zo
(2) Ag’$bVm go ~MZo H$s àd¥{Îm (3) Ama.Eg.dwS>dW© Zo (4) Oo. nr. {Jb’$moS>© Zo
(3) g’$bVm d Ag’$bVm H$mo g‘mZ ê$n go ñdrH$ma H$aZo H$s VËnaVm
(4) {~Zm {dMmao, OëX~mOr ‘§o H$m¶© H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm 38. AÝVZm}X CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡-
(1) àmoËgmhZ go (2) ^yI go
31. A{YJ‘ Ho$ àH«$‘ ‘| A{^àoaU- (3) ߶mg go (4) Amdí¶H$Vm go
(1) grIZo dmbm§o H$s ñ‘¥{V H$mo VoO ~ZmVm h¡&
(2) nwamZo A{YJ‘ go Z¶o A{YJ‘ H$mo {d^o{XV H$aVm h¡& 39. {H$gr {deof hmoQ>b H$s {‘R>mB© ImZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm H$mo H$hm OmEJm-
(3) EH${Xer¶ ê$n go gmoMZo ‘| grIZo dmbm| H$mo àñVwV H$aVm h¡& (1) ^yI (2) {d{eîQ> ^yI
(4) Z¶o grIZo dmbm| ‘| A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE ê${M H$m g¥OZ H$aVm h¡& (3) à~b Amdí¶H$Vm (4) BZ‘| go Hw$N> ^r Zht

32. Amn AnZr H$jm Ho$ {H$gr ~mbH$ H$mo n‹T>mZo hoVw Cgo ào[aV H$aZo H$m 40. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$go O¡{dH$ A{^àoaH$ ‘| Amn Zht aI|Jo?
H$m¡Zgm VarH$m Cn¶w³V ‘mZVo h¢? (1) ߶mg (2) ^yI
(1) ~mbH$ Ho$ AmË‘gå‘mZ H$mo gwa{jV H$aZm (3) ¶m¡Z (4) CnbpãY Amdí¶H$Vm
(2) CgH$s àe§gm Xÿgao ~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘úm H$aZm
(3) Cgo gH$mamË‘H$ àbmo^Z XoZm 41. {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| {H$g A{^àoaH$ H$mo Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo O¡{dH$ VWm
(4) ~mbH$ Ho$ àoaH$m| H$m ‘mJ©ÝVrH$aU H$aZm A{O©V XmoZm§o hr lo{U¶m| ‘§o aIm h¡?
(1) ^yI (2) ZtX
33. grIZo ‘| àoaUm H$m ñWmZ A˶ÝV ‘hÎdnyU© h¡, ³¶m|{H$ Bggo ~mbH$m| (3) qbJ (4) ߶mg
‘|-
(1) ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| ‘| H$‘r hmoVr h¡& 42. {OZ A{^àoaH$m| H$mo ì¶p³V AnZo gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU ‘| grIVm h¡,
(2) emar[aH$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& CÝh| H$hm OmVm h¡-
(3) AZwemgZ H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& (1) A{O©V A{^àoaH$ (2) OÝ‘OmV A{^àoaH$
(4) gm‘m{OH$ JwU gr{‘V ahVo h¢& (3) AÝdofU A{^àoaH$ (4) ’$bH$mar A{^àoaH$

27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.
(1) (2) (2) (1) (4) (4) (3) (2) (1) (3) (3) (4) (2) (4) (3) (1)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 145

43. {ZåZm§{H$V g‘wÀM¶ ‘| go H$m¡Z EH$ gm‘m{OH$ A{^àoaH$ H$m g‘wÀM¶ 50. A{^àoaU Ho$ {H$g {gÕmÝV ‘| X¡{hH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| na ~b S>mbm
h¡? OmVm h¡?
(1) CnbpãY, gå~ÝYZ, gÎmm Ed§ AZw‘moXZ (1) ‘ybàd¥{Îm {gÕmÝV ‘| (2) àUmoX {gÕmÝV ‘|
(2) CnbpãY, gå~ÝYZ, H$m‘ BÀN>m Ed§ AZw‘moXZ (3) à˶mem {gÕmÝV ‘| (4) ì¶dhma {gÕmÝV ‘|
(3) CnbpãY, gå~ÝYZ, AZw‘moXZ, ^yI
(4) CnbpãY, gå~ÝYZ, AZw‘moXZ Ed§ ߶mg 51. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go gm‘m{OH$ ‘yë¶ H$m¡Zgm h¡?
(1) àmW{‘H$ bú¶ (2) ‘ybàd¥{Îm
44. A{^àoaU Ho$ VrZ à‘wI VÎd ~Vbm¶o J¶o h¢& {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go {H$go (3) ghm¶VmnaH$ ì¶dhma (4) AmH«$m‘H$ Amdí¶H$Vm
CZ VÎdm| H$s gyMr ‘| gpå‘{bV Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡?
(1) Amdí¶H$Vm (2) àUmoX 52. PyR> H$m nVm bJmZo dmbm ¶ÝÌ gm‘mݶV¶m ‘mnZ H$aVm h¡-
(3) àmoËgmhZ (4) VZmd (1) J¡ëdo{ZH$ ËdMm à{V{H«$¶m Ed§ a³VMmn H$m

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(2) ngrZm Ed§ noer¶ VZmd H$m
45. CnbpãY A{^àoaH$ H$mo {H$g loUr ‘o§ aIm Om gH$Vm h¡? (3) ‘pñVîH$s¶ Va§Jmo§ H$m
(1) gm‘m{OH$ A{^àoaH$ (4) noQ> g§Hw$MZ Ed§ ídgZ H$m
(2) O¡{dH$ A{^àoaH$
(3) à^mdmoËnmXH$ A{^àoaH$ 53. AÝVZm}X {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma AÝVZm}X Ho$ H$maU A{^àoaUm hmoVr h¡&
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go {H$gr ^r loUr ‘| Zht AÝVZm}X {H$g na AmYm[aV h¡?
(1) ‘yb àd¥{Îm (2) àbmo^Z
46. A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma ImgH$a X¡{hH$ A{^àoaH$ EH$ Img H«$‘ ‘| hmoVo h¢& (3) g§kmZ (4) Amdí¶H$Vm
www.praganya.org

ghr H«$‘ H$m¡Zgm h¡?

(1) àUmoX, bú¶, Amdí¶H$Vm, VwpîQ> 54. O~ Xmo A{^àoaUmE± Amng ‘o§ ‘ob Zht ImVr h¢, Vmo n[aUm‘ hmoVm
(2) bú¶, VwpîQ>, Amdí¶H$Vm, àUmoX h¡-
(3) Amdí¶H$Vm, àUmoX, bú¶, VwpîQ> (1) ‘ZñVmn (2) Hw$ÊR>m
(4) VwpîQ>, bú¶, àUmoX Ed§ Amdí¶H$Vm (3) ÛÝÛ (4) à˶mhma

47. YZ H$‘mZo H$s BÀN>m H$mo {H$g loUr H$m A{^àoaH$ ‘mZm OmVm h¡? 55. ep³V A{^àoaUm H$m ‘mnZ àmW{‘H$V… {H$¶m J¶m h¡-
(1) AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaH$ (1) B©. nr. nr. Eg. Ûmam (2) 16 nr. E’$. Ûmam
(2) ~mø A{^àoaH$ (3) Q>r. E. Q>r. Ûmam (4) B©. nr. ³¶y. Ûmam
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(3) O¡{dH$ A{^àoaH$

56. {ZåZ{bp»mV ‘| go H$m¡Z A[^àoaUm Ho$ H$f©U {gÕmÝV H$m à{V{Z{YËd
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go {H$gr ^r loUr H$m A{^àoaH$ Zht
H$aVm h¡?
48. ñdV… A{^ê${M EH$ CXmhaU h¡- (1) AÝVZm}X {gÕmÝV (2) CÔmobZ {gÕmÝV
(1) ~mø A{^àoaH$ H$m (3) à˶mem {gÕmÝV (4) Amdí¶H$Vm gmonmZ {gÕmÝV
(2) AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaH$ H$m
(3) O¡{dH$ A{^àoaH$ H$m
57. ‘mñbmo Ho$ Amdí¶H$Vm gmonmZ H«$‘ ‘| O¡{dH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$ R>rH$
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go {H$gr H$m ^r Zht ~mX AmVr h¡-
(1) gwajm Amdí¶H$VmE± (2) ñd-{g{Õ Amdí¶H$Vm
49. AJa {H$gr ^yIo ì¶p³V H$mo Q>r. E. Q>r. {X¶m OmE, Vmo dh gå^dV…- (3) ào‘ d gå~ÝYZ Amdí¶H$VmE± (4) ñd-gå‘mZ Amdí¶H$VmE±
(1) Hw$N> Zht H$a nm¶oJm, O~ VH$ {H$ Cgo Hw$N> ImZm Zht {X¶m OmVm hmo
(2) Eogr H$hmZr {bIoJm, {OgH$m {df¶ ^moOZ Ed§ ImZm ImZo go gå~Õ 58. {OZ ~ÀMm| ‘| CnbpãY A{^àoaUm A{YH$ hmoVr h¡, CZHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm
ahoJm àm¶…-
(3) Eogr H$hmZr {bIoJm, {Og‘| ^moOZ Am¡a ImZo go g§~Õ ì¶dhma H$s MMm© (1) ñdmVÝͶ H$mo hVmoËgm{hV H$aVo h¢&
Zht hmoJr (2) ‘mZH$m| H$s àm{á hoVw Ag’$bVm na XpÊS>V H$aVo h¢&
(4) ^anoQ> ^moOZ {H$¶o hþE ì¶p³V Ho$ g‘mZ hr H$hmZr {bIoJm& (3) D±$Mo ‘mZXÊS> ñWm{nV H$aVo h¢&
(4) ~ÀMmo§ Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo {~Zm eV© ñdrH$ma H$aVo h¢&

43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.
(1) (4) (1) (3) (2) (2) (2) (2) (3) (1) (4) (3) (3) (3) (1) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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 n¥îR> 146 A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ àJʶ
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59. {Og CÔrnH$ go ì¶p³V H$mo gÝVwpîQ> hmoVr h¡, Cggo Cg‘|- 66. CnbpãY A{^àoaH$ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ ghr
(1) gwIX ^md CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡& h¡?
(2) XþIX ^md CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡& (1) CnbpãY A{^àoaH$ Or{dV ahZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡&
(3) g§doJ CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡& (2) ¶{X ì¶p³VJV j‘VmAm§o H$s gÝVwpîQ> ‘hÎdnyU© h¡, Vmo CnbpãY
(4) A{^àoaU CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡& A{^àoaH$ H$mo {dH$mg àoaH$ H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡&
(3) ¶{X ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ ‘ܶ à{V¶mo{JVm na ~b h¡, Vmo CnbpãY A{^àoaH$
60. A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma Ho$ ~mao ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Z ghr Zht h¡? H$mo gm‘m{OH$ A{^àoaH$ H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡&
(1) AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$m D$Om©H$aU (4) BZ‘| go g^r
(2) ì¶dhmamË‘H$ ep³V Ed§ Hw$ebVm
(3) ì¶dhma H$s {Xem 67. EH$ N>mÌ Zo AmnHo$ àíZ H$m Omo CÎma {X¶m, dh nmR²>¶ nwñVH$ ‘| Zht
(4) AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$m gmhM¶© h¡& AܶmnH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| Amn-
(1) Cgo Zht ‘mZ|Jo&
61. {ZåZ{b{IV gbmhm| ‘| go H$m¡Z AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaUm OmJ¥V H$aZo hoVw
(2) CÎma H$s g‘rjm H$a N>mÌ H$s ì¶p³VJV g‘P Ho$ {bE em~mer X|Jo&
gdm©{YH$ Cn¶w³V h¡? (3) N>mÌ H$s eamaV ‘mZ|Jo&
(1) ñHy$b H$m H$m¶© g‘má H$a boZo na N>mÌm| H$mo Nw>År H$m bm^ {X¶m OmE& (4) CgH$s Cnojm H$a|Jo&
(2) AÀN>r lo{U¶m± àmá H$aZo hoVw àmoËgm{hV H$aZm&
(3) n[al‘r N>mÌm| H$s àe§gm Aݶ ghnm{R>¶m| H$s CnpñW{V ‘| H$aZm& 68. ‘mZ br{OE {H$ AmnH$s {H$emoar nwÌr EH$ gh{ejm H$m°boO ‘| gh^mJr
(4) AÀN>o e¡j{UH$ {ZînmXZ go Ow‹S>o YZmË‘H$ AZw^dm| H$mo àd{bV H$aZm& h¡, Vmo AmnH$m ì¶dhma ³¶m hmoJm- ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m
(1) hR>rbm à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV
62. ì¶p³V A{^ào[aV ³¶m| hmoVm h¡? Bg gå~ÝY ‘| dV©‘mZ ‘o§ H$m¡Zgr (2) ghmZw^y{VnyU©
{H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg
AdYmaUm ‘mݶ h¡? nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ
(3) X~§J àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(1) ‘yb àd¥{Îm¶m| H$s AdYmaUm (4) àoaH$ www.praganya.org
(2) àbmo^Z gå~ÝYr AdYmaUm go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
(3) AÝVZm}X gå~ÝYr AdYmaUm 69. ~mbH$m| ‘| AmË‘{Z^©aVm Ho$ JwU H$m {dH$mg H$aZo Ho$ {bE ³¶m H$aZm
(4) AmË‘{g{Õ gå~ÝYr AdYmaUm Mm{hE?
(1) Amn CÝh| nmR²>¶ ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| H$m ZoV¥Ëd gm¢n X|&
63. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘o§ go ghr H$WZ h¡- (2) Amn CÝh| AnZo ’$sg H$bo³eZ Ho$ H$m¶© ‘| ‘XX bo&
(1) ep³V A{^àoaUm g‘mO Ûmam ñdrH¥$V Zht H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
(3) Amn CÝh| ‘m°{ZQ>a ~Zm X|&
(2) n[an³dVm Am¡a A{^àoaUm ‘| H$moB© gå~ÝY Zht hmoVm&
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r H$a§o&
(3) àbmo^Z ~mbH$ ‘| AÝVZm}X gå~ÝYr ì¶dhma CËnÝZ H$aVo h¢&
(4) AZw‘moXZ A{^àoaU ‘| ì¶p³V Xÿgam| H$o H$m¶m] H$m AZw‘moXZ H$aVm h¡& 70. ZdrZ gÌ ‘| àdoe bo MwHo$ N>mÌm| go gwê${MnyU© gå~ÝY aIZo Ho$ {bE
Amn ³¶m H$a|Jo?
64. ~mbH$m| ‘| nmR> Ho$ à{V ê${M CËnÝZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE-
(1) à^wËd g§ajU H$o {bE Jå^raVm H$m àXe©Z
(1) {ZaÝVa ‘m¡{IH$ {ejU H$aZm Mm{hE&
(2) N>mÌm| go AnopúmV gå‘mZ H$s H$m‘Zm
(2) nmR> H$s nwZamd¥{Îm H$amZr Mm{hE&
(3) N>mÌm| go g‘H$j {‘Ì H$s ^mdZm H$m àXe©Z
(3) nmR> H$mo ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶mdhm[aH$ OrdZ go gå~pÝYV H$aZm Mm{hE&
(4) N>mÌm| Ho$ gmW {‘ÌdV² ì¶dhma VWm ZdrZ dmVmdaU ‘| g‘m¶moOZ hoVw
(4) aQ>Zo H$s àd¥{Îm na ~b XoZm Mm{hE&
‘mJ©Xe©Z
65. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ A{^àoaU EH$ à{H«$¶m Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| Cn¶w³V
71. ¶{X Amn N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m C{MV gå‘mZ H$aVo h¢, Vmo AmnHo$
Zht h¡?
{dMma ‘| AmnH$s AZw^y{V H$m H$maU ³¶m hmo gH$Vm h¡?
(1) dh ì¶p³V H$mo bú¶ H$s Amoa bo OmVm h¡&
(1) AmnH$s à^wgÎmm H$m g§ajU
(2) ¶h ì¶p³V H$s emar[aH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s gÝVwpîQ> H$aVm h¡&
(2) CÀMñVar¶ Z¡{VH$Vm àXe©Z
(3) ¶h ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ AmH$m§jm H$mo àmá H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm H$aVm h¡&
(3) N>mÌm| H$mo àmoËgm{hV H$aZo H$s EH$ Xem
(4) ¶h ì¶p³V H$mo A{චpñW{V go Xÿa aIVm h¡&
(4) AmnH$s àm¡‹T> ‘mZ{gH$Vm

59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71.
(1) (1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (4) (4) (2) (4) (4) (4) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 147

72. ¶{X Amn EH$ Eogo {dÚmb¶ ‘| n‹T>m aho h¢, Ohm± H$s A{YH$m§e OZg§»¶m 80. {ZåZ{b{IV ¶w½‘m| ‘o§ go H$m¡Zgm ¶w½‘ Ag˶ h¡?
A§Y{dídmgm| Ed§ ê${‹T>¶m| go J«ñV h¡, Vmo Amn Eogo OZg‘yhy ‘| {ejm Ho$ (1) ^yI-emar[aH$ AÝVZm}X
à{V gH$mamË‘H$ A{^d¥{Îm CËnÝZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ ‘| go ³¶m H$a|J? o (2) CnbpãY àoaH$-OÝ‘OmV àoaH$
(1) Eogo bmoJm| H$mo Y¡¶©nyd©H$ g‘PmE±Jo VWm n[aUm‘ àmá hmoZo VH$ à¶mg (3) AmH«$m‘H$Vm H$m àoaH$-A{O©V àoaH$ ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$
Omar aI|Jo& (4) H«$moY-g§doJ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU
(2) Eogo bmoJm| H$m à{VdmX H$a|Jo VWm AnZo gwPmd CZ na Wmon|Jo& àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr
81. nwañH$ma Ed§ XÊS> H$m EH$ àH$ma h¡- h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s
(3) Ho$db AnZr Zm¡H$ar na ܶmZ X|Jo VWm ñWmZmÝVaU Ho$ {bE à¶mg
(1) ~mø àoaUm PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
Omar aI|Jo&
(2) AmÝV[aH$ àoaUm www.praganya.org
(4) CÝh| {ejm Ho$ bm^ g‘PmH$a CZH$s g§H$sU© gmoM H$m n[a‘mO©Z H$a|Jo& go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
(3) ^mfm¶r àoaUm
73. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$maH$ AmXVm| Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘| à^mdr ^y{‘H$m H$m (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

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{Zdm©h H$aVm h¡?
82. {ZåZ{b{IV ¶w½‘m| ‘o§ go Ag˶ ¶w½‘ H$m¡Zgm h¡?
(1) {ZaÝVaVm (2) Aä¶mg
(1) {ZfoYmË‘H$ nwZ~©bZ-Jmbr XoZm
(3) nwañH$ma Ed§ XÊS> (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(2) emar[aH$ àoaH$-{ZÐm
74. CnbpãY àoaH$ (Achievement Motive) EH$ àoaH$ h¡- (3) ~mø no«aH$-nwañH$ma
(1) emar[aH$ (4) AmÝV[aH$ àoaH$-doVZ
(2) ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
83. {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo grIZo ‘| nwañH$ma {‘bZo H$m ³¶m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡?
(3) emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ XmoZm|
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(1) àmUr Cg H$m¶© H$mo Xoa go grIVm h¡&

(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(2) àmUr Cg H$m¶© H$mo OëXr grI boVm h¡&
75. Eogm àoaH$ {OgH$m AZw‘mZ ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶dhma go {H$¶m Om gH$o, naÝVw (3) nwañH$ma H$m H$moB© à^md Zht n‹S>Vm h¡&
ì¶p³V CgH$r CnpñW{V H$m AZw^d Zht H$aVm, Cgo H$hVo h¢- (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(1) AdMoVZ àoaH$ (2) AMoVZ àoaH$ 84. àoaUm Ho$ bú¶ H$mo boH$a àoaUmOݶ H$m¶© ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr
(3) MoVZ àoaH$ (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
{deofVm nm¶r OmVr h¡?
76. ^yI (Hunger) EH$ àoaH$ h¡- (1) n[adV©Zerb (2) bú¶ àmá H$aZo H$s ~oM¡Zr
(1) A{O©V (2) àmW{‘H$ (3) bú¶ àm{á go empÝV (4) Cnamo³V g^r
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(3) AMoVZ (4) {ÛVr¶H$

85. {H«$¶m H$mo CÎmo{OV H$aZo, {Z¶{‘V H$aZo VWm Omar aIZo H$s à{H«$¶m
77. ^yI {H$g àH$ma H$m AÝVZm}X (Drive) h¡? H$mo A{^àoaUm H$hVo h¢& ¶h {H$gH$m H$WZ h¡?
(1) YZmË‘H$ (2) G$UmË‘H$ (1) Om°ZgZ H$m (2) JwS> H$m
(3) VQ>ñW (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) ‘¡JmoM H$m (4) ~Zm©S>© H$m

78. AMoVZ àoaH$ (Unconscious motive) H$m ‘hÎd gd©n«W‘ 86. ‘¡³Sy>Jb Ho$ AZwgma A{^àoaUm H$s ì¶m»¶m {H$g AmYma na H$s Om
{H$gH$o Ûmam à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m J¶m? gH$Vr h¡?
(1) dwÊQ>> Ûmam (2) ‘¡³Sy>Jb Ûmam (1) CÎmoOH$ d AZw{H«$¶m (2) OrdZ MH«$ d bú¶ àm{á
(3) ’«$m¶S> Ûmam (4) dmQ>gZ Ûmam (3) OÝ‘OmV ‘yb àd¥{Îm¶m± (4) CÎmoOH$ d AÕ©MoVZ

79. O¡{dH$ (Biological) ¶m emar[aH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| go CËnÝZ AÝVZm} 87. A{^àoaUm H$m ñdmñ϶ {gÕmÝV {H$gZo {X¶m?
X H$mo ³¶m H$hVo h¢? (1) S>r.h¡~ Zo (2) {S>ñH$mo Zo
(1) Jm¡U ¶m {ÛVr¶H$ AÝVZm}X (3) ’o«${S´>H$ hO©~J© Zo (4) pñH$Za Zo
(2) g‘mOOݶ àoaH$
88. Om°Z nr. {S>ñH$mo Zo A{^àoaUm XoZo dmbo KQ>H$m| H$s g§»¶m ~VmB© h¡-
(3) àmW{‘H$ AÝVZm}X
(1) 2 (2) 4
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(3) 7 (4) 10
72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88.
(1) (4) (2) (2) (2) (1) (3) (3) (2) (1) (4) (2) (4) (2) (3) (3) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 148 A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
89. A{^àoaUmE± àmUr H$s emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ AÝVX©emE± h¢& ¶h 100. CnbpãY Amdí¶H$Vm H$m ‘mnZ {H$gZo {H$¶m?
H$WZ {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$m h¡? (1) ‘ao Zo (2) ‘¡³brb¡ÊS Zo>
(1) S´>oda H$m (2) ‘¡³Sy>Jb H$m (3) EQ>{H©$gZ Zo (4) ‘¡³brb¡ÊS> VWm EQ>{H©$gZ Zo
(3) dwS>dW© H$m (4) {Jb’$moS>© H$m
101. gm‘m{OH$ AZwemgZ H$m AmYma hmoVm h¡-
90. ‘¡³Sy>Jb Ho$ AZwgma ‘yb àd¥{Îm¶m± h¢- (1) ^¶ Am¡a XÊS> ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$
(2) {ZÝXm Am¡a àe§gm 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm
(1) A{O©V (2) OÝ‘OmV h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV
(3) Cn¶w©³V XmoZm| (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘o§ go H$moB© Zht (3) AÀN>m ~ZZo H$s BÀN>m g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(4) g§ñH$ma www.praganya.org
91. A{O©V àoaH$ Ho$ AÝVJ©V AmVo h¢- go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

(1) OrdZ bú¶ d ‘Zmod¥{Îm¶m± (2) ‘X-ì¶gZ 102. H$jm ‘| ~ohVa AZwemgZ ahVm h¡, ¶{X-
(3) AmXV H$s {ddeVm (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r (1) {ejU gm‘J«r H$m H$maJa Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmE&
(2) nmR²>¶ {df¶ ‘| ‘Zmoa§OZnyU© ~mV| hmo&
92. ~mbH$ {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo AnZr BÀN>m go H$aVm h¡, dh h¡- (3) AܶmnH$ H$m ì¶p³VËd à^mdembr hmo&
(1) ì¶p³VJV àoaUm (2) gm‘m{OH$ àoaUm (4) N>mÌm| H$mo nVm hmo {H$ àYmZmܶmnH$ {H$gr ^r g‘¶ H$jm ‘| AmZo dmbo
(3) ‘ZmoX¡{hH$ àoaUm (4) gH$mamË‘H$ àoaUm h¢&
93. ’«$m¶S> Zo g~go A{YH$ ~b {H$g ‘yb àd¥{Îm na {X¶m h¡? 103. ~ÀMm| ‘| ñd-AZwemgZ H$s ^mdZm {H$g àH$ma n¡Xm H$s Om gH$Vr h¡?
(1) H$m‘ àd¥{Îm (2) aMZm àd¥{Îm (1) CÝh| H$R>moa AZwemgZ ‘| aIH$a
(3) g§M¶ àd¥{Îm (4) g‘yh àd¥{Îm (2) CÝh| AZwemgZ ‘| ahZo Ho$ bm^ ~VmH$a
(3) AZwemgZhrZVm na CÝh| XÊS> XoH$a
94. ‘yb àd¥{Îm A{^àoaUm {gÕmÝV Ho$ àdV©H$ H$m¡Z h¢? (4) CÝh| {Oå‘oXmar gm¢nH$a
(1) ’«$m¶S> VWm Ow§J (2) H$Q>© bo{dZ
(3) ‘¡³Sy>Jb (4) pñH$Za 104. H$jm ‘| AZwemgZ gwYmaZo H$s ÑpîQ> go AܶmnH$ H$m ³¶m H$aZm gdm}Îm‘
hmoJm?
95. àoaH$m| H$mo nwH$mam OmVm h¡-
(1) AܶmnH$ N>mÌm| H$mo n‹T>mB© OmZo dmbr {df¶ dñVw, n‹T>mZo H$s {d{Y Am¡a
(1) ñWm¶r CÔrnH$ (2) {ZYm©[aV àd¥{Îm¶m±
N>mÌm| Ho$ à{V AnZo ÑpîQ>H$moU H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$ao&
(3) Amdí¶H$Vm (4) BZ‘| go g^r
(2) H$jm Ho$ N>mÌm| H$r gh‘{V go AZwemgZhrZVm Ho$ {bE {X¶o OmZo dmbo
96. àoaH$ {gÕmÝV {X¶m- XÊS> H$m àH$ma/CgH$s ‘mÌm {ZYm©[aV H$ao&
(1) hb Zo (2) dmQ>gZ Zo (3) Bg g‘ñ¶m na {dMma H$aZo hoVw A{^^mdH$m| H$mo ~wbmH$a ~mV H$ao&
(3) d¡ÊSw>am Zo (4) Q>m°b‘¡Z Zo (4) AZwemgZhrZ N>mÌm| Ho$ Zm‘ àYmZmܶmnH$ Ho$ nmg ^oO Xo&

97. àoaUm Ho$ ‘yb àd¥{Îm Ho$ {gÕmÝV ‘| {H$VZr ‘yb àd¥{Îm¶m± h¢? 105. g§H$moMr Am¡a e‘ubo N>mÌm| H$mo H$jm Ho$ {ejU H$m¶© ‘o§ ^mJ boZo H$s
(1) 14 (2) 15 àoaUm XoZo H$m Cnm¶ ¶h h¡ {H$-
(3) 16 (4) 17 (1) CZH$mo J¥hH$m¶© go ‘w³V aIm OmE&
(2) CZH$mo H$jm ‘| AnZr ê${M Ho$ {df¶ na Hw$N> ~VmZo H$mo àmoËgm{hV {H$¶m
98. àoaUm H$m Amdí¶H$Vm {gÕmÝV {X¶m- OmE&
(1) hb Zo (2) ‘ao Zo (3) ¶{X do {H$gr àíZ H$m CÎma Z Xo gH|$, Vmo CÝh| e{‘©ÝXm {H$¶m OmE&
(3) ‘¡³brb¡ÊS> Zo (4) b¡Omag Zo (4) CZH$mo {deof ñZoh {X¶m OmE&

99. CnbpãY àoaUm H$m ‘mnZ {H$gH$o Ûmam {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡- 106. AÝV^©yV A{^àoaUm H$m Ame¶ h¡ {H$ N>mÌ-
(1) gmjmËH$ma {d{Y (1) nwañH$ma nmZo H$s BÀN>m go H${R>Z n[al‘ H$aVm h¡
(2) àg§JmË‘H$ ~moY narjU (2) XÊS> go ~MZo Ho$ {bE {Z˶ nmR>embm AmVm h¡
(3) àíZmdbr {ZarjU (3) AܶmnH$ Ho$ S>a go J¥hH$m¶© nyam H$aVm h¡
(4) {ZarjU (4) kmZ H$s d¥{Õ Ho$ {bE bJZ go n‹T>mB© H$aVm h¡

89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106.
(2) (2) (4) (3) (1) (3) (4) (1) (1) (1) (2) (1) (3) (1) (4) (1) (2) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 149

107. {ejH$ H$mo M[aÌdmZ hmoZm Mm{hE, Bggo- 114. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgo H$maH$ A[^àoaH$ go Ow‹S>o hþE Zht h¢?
(1) N>mÌm| na AÀN>m à^md n‹S>oJm& (1) ê${M Ed§ {Okmgm (2) OrdZ Ho$ bú¶
(2) g‘mO ‘| CgH$s à{VîR>m ~‹T>oJr& (3) emar[aH$ {’$Q>Zog (4) ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶
(3) CgHo$ N>mÌ ^r M[aÌdmZ ~ZZo H$s H$mo{ee H$a|Jo&
(4) dh H$^r H$moB© JbV H$m‘ Zht H$aoJm& 115. H$jmZwemgZ ~ZmE aIZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ AܶmnH$ N>mÌm| Ho$
‘Z ‘|-
108. arVm H$jm IV H$s {dÚmWu, J{UV ‘| AÀN>o A§H$ àmá Zht H$a nm (1) ^¶ H$m ^md n¡Xm H$a|& (2) gH$mamË‘H$ ^md n¡Xm H$a|&
aht h¡, hmbm±{H$ Aݶ {df¶m| ‘| CgH$s Cnb{ãY AÀN>r h¡& BgH$m (3) {Okmgm n¡Xm H$a|& (4) Cnamo³V g^r
gå^m{dV H$maU hmo gH$Vm h¡-
(1) b‹S>{H$¶m± J{UV ‘| H$‘Omoa hmoVr h¡& 116. AZwemgZ Am¡a g§ñH$ma S>mbZo H$s àmapå^H$ {Oå‘oXmar h¡-
(2) b‹S>{H$¶m| Ho$ {bE J{UV Amdí¶H$ {df¶ Zht h¡& (1) {dÚmb¶ H$s

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(3) ~ÀMm| H$mo J{UV grIZo H$o {bE A{YH$ ~w{Õ‘mZ hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& (2) n[adma H$s
(4) J{UV n‹T>mZo Ho$ T>§J ‘| Hw$N> g‘ñ¶m h¡& (3) AܶmnH$ H$s
(4) AܶmnH$ Am¡a n[adma XmoZm| H$s
109. A{^àoaUm Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘§o {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ ghr Zht h¡?
(1) ¶h N>mÌm§o ‘| ê${M ~‹T>mZo H$s {H«$¶m h¡& 117. nwañH$ma EH$ àoaUm h¡-
(2) ¶h ì¶p³V H$mo bú¶ VH$ nhþ±MZo Ho$ {bE ‘O~ya H$aVr h¡& (1) Aà˶j (2) à˶j
(3) ¶h AmÝV[aH$ Ed§ ~mø, XmoZm| àH$ma H$s à{H«$¶mE± h¢& (3) ZH$mamË‘H$ (4) gH$mamË‘H$
(4) ¶h {H«$¶m H$mo AmJo ~‹T>mVr VWm Cgo {Xem XoVr h¡&
118. {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo nwañH$ma XoZo H$m CÔoí¶ hmoVm h¡-
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110. O¡go hr A{^àoaUm H$s à{H«$¶m ê$H$Vr h¡- (1) CÎm‘ JwUmo§ H$m {dH$mg (2) àbmo^Z XoZo H$s AmXV
(1) ì¶{³V H$s {H«$¶m ^r ê$H$ OmVr h¡& (3) [aídV H$m AW© g‘PmZm (4) g§doJm| H$mo CÔrá H$aZm
(2) H$m¶© H$aZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm ^r ‘a OmVr h¡&
119. EH$ A{^ào[aV ~mbH$ {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm JwU àX{e©V Zht H$aVm?
(3) (1) d (2) XmoZm| (1) grIZo H$s BÀN>m (2) grIZo ‘| AmdoîQ>Z
(4) Cnamo³V H$moB© Zht (3) AmH$m§jm ñVa (4) g‘yh go AbJmd
111. H$jm ‘| N>mÌm| H$mo A{^ào[aV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡- 120. XÊS> ~mbH$mo§ na H¡$gm à^md S>mbVm h¡?
(1) CZH$r g’$bVm H$s Xa H$mo ~‹T>mH$a (1) nmam{dH$Vm (2) gwYmamË‘H$
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(2) ¶{X do à{V^mdmZ h¢, Vmo CZHo$ ‘mJ© ‘| ê$H$mdQ>| I‹S>r H$aHo$ (3) AënH$m{bH$ (4) ~Xbm àoaH$
(3) CZ‘| à{V¶moJr ^mdZm {dH${gV H$aHo$
(4) Cnamo³V g^r 121. EH$ gm‘m{OH$ àoaH$ h¡-
(1) ^yI (2) ߶mg
112. pñH$Za H$m A{^àoaU {gÕmÝV AmYm[aV h¡- (3) AmË‘Jm¡ad (4) ào‘
(1) ~mø ñnîQ> ì¶dhmam| na, Omo {H$ nwZ~©bZ XoH$a n[ad{V©V {H$¶o OmVo h¢&
(2) BpÀN>V ì¶dhma H$s nhMmZ na 122. àe§gm d {ZÝXm Xmo Eogr no«aUmE± h¢, Omo ~mbH$ ‘| d¥{Õ H$aVr h¡§-
(3) Cnamo³V XmoZm| (1) AZwemgZ H$s (2) eara H$s
(4) Cnamo³V H$moB© Zht (3) gm‘m{OH$ àoaH$ H$s (4) Cnamo³V g^r

113. EH$ {ejH$, Omo AnZr H$jm ‘| CÎm‘ dmVmdaU V¡¶ma H$aZm MmhVm h¡, 123. A{^àoaUm H$m ñdmñ϶ {gÕmÝV {X¶m h¡-
Cgo {ZåZ{b{IV H$m¶© H$aZm Mm{hE- (1) S>r h¡~ Zo (2) {S>ñH$mo Zo
(1) Cgo H$R>moa AZwemgZ {gÕmÝVm| H$m AZwgaU H$aZm Mm{hE& (3) EM dJ© Zo (4) pñH$Za Zo
(2) Cgo N>mÌm| H$mo MwZm¡VrnyU© ZdrZ AZw^d àXmZ H$aZo Mm{hE&
(3) Cgo N>mÌm| H$mo {ZaÝVa ‘m¡[IH$ Ed§ dñVw{ZîR> narjmAm| ‘| ì¶ñV aIZm 124. A{^àoaUm XoZo dmbm KQ>H$ h¡-
Mm{hE& (1) AmH$m§jm ñVa (2) CÎmoOZm XoZm
(4) Cgo H$R>moa {Z¶‘m| H$s ñWmnZm {~Zm {H$gr ^oX^md Ho$ H$aZr Mm{hE& (3) àmoËgmhZ H$aZm (4) Cnamo³V g^r

107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124.
(3) (4) (2) (3) (3) (3) (2) (3) (3) (2) (2) (1) (4) (2) (3) (1) (3) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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 n¥îR> 150 A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
125. àoaH$ hmoVm h¡- 133. ~ÀMm| H$mo grIZo hoVw A{^ào[aV H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o {ejH$ H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoZm
(1) {Zîn{Îm (2) àJ{V Mm{hE-
(3) CÎmaXm{¶Ëd (4) Cnamo³V g^r (1) à{VñnYm©
(2) H$jm ‘| àW‘ AmZo dmbo ~ÀMo H$mo nwañH¥$V H$aHo$
126. ge³V A{^àoaUm grIZo H$m à^mdembr KQ>H$ h¡- (3) grIZo hoVw C{MV pñW{V Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m g¥OZ
(1) ~mbH$ ñdñW ahVm h¡& (2) ^p³V H$aVm h¡& (4) H$jm ‘| à{V^membr ~ÀMm| H$s àe§gm H$aHo$
(3) erK« grIVm h¡& (4) àgÝZ ahVm h¡&
134. ¶{X H$jm ‘| n‹T>mVo g‘¶ AmnH$mo ‘hgyg hmoVm h¡ {H$ AMmZH$ g^r
127. {dH$mg H$m AW© h¡- ~ÀMo n‹T>Zo ‘| ê${M Zht bo aho h¢, Vmo Amn ³¶m H$a|Jo?
(1) n[adV©Zm| H$s CÎmamoÎma ûm¥§Ibm
(1) H$moB© ܶmZ Zht Xo|Jo Am¡a n‹T>mZm Omar aI|Jo&
(2) A{^àoaUm Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$s CÎmamoÎma ûm¥§Ibm
(2) n‹T>mZm ~ÝX H$a X§oJo&
(3) A{^àoaUm Ed§ AZw^d Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$s CÎmamoÎma
(3) ~ÀMm| H$mo ܶmZ XoZo H$mo H$h|Jo&
ûm¥§Ibm
(4) H$maU OmZZo H$s H$mo{ee H$a|Jo&
(4) n[an³dVm Ed§ AZw^d Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$s ûm¥§Ibm
135. ~ÀMm| H$mo grIZo-{gImZo H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ Xm¡amZ, do Cg H$m¶© H$mo {H$g
128. gH$mamË‘H$ XÊS> H$m {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm CXmhaU h¡?
àH$ma go H$a aho h¢, BgH$s OmZH$mar CÝh|-
(1) {‘Ìm| Ho$ Ûmam Cnhmg
(1) H$m¶© g‘má hmoZo Ho$ níMmV² Xr OmZr Mm{hE&
(2) {‘Ìm| Ho$ gmW g‘¶ ~~m©X H$aZm
(2) H$m¶© H$aVo g‘¶ gVV² ê$n go Xr OmZr Mm{hE&
(3) ‘rZ‘oI {ZH$mbZm ~ÝX H$aZm
(3) H$m¶© Ho$ ~rM ‘| EH$ ~ma Xr OmZr Mm{hE&
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(4) BgH$s H$moB© Amdí¶H$Vm Zht h¡&
129. ~ÀMm| ‘| AÀN>o M[aÌ Ho$ {Z‘m©U Ho$ {bE-
136. EH$ {ejH$ H$mo {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ VËnaVm ñVa H$mo ~‹T>mZm h¡& Eogm H$aZo
(1) nmR²>¶ nwñVH$m| ‘| M[aÌ {Z‘m©U gå~ÝYr nmR> hmoZo Mm{hE&
(2) M[aÌ {Z‘m©U H$o {bE ì¶m»¶mZ {XE OmZo Mm{hE& Ho$ {bE g~go AÀN>m VarH$m H$m¡Zgm hmoJm?
(3) H$jm H$j J{V{d{Y Bg àH$ma go hmo {H$ ~ÀMm| H$mo M[aÌ {Z‘m©U ‘| (1) {deof àH$aU go gå~pÝYV g¥OZmË‘H$ {H«$¶mH$bmn H$mo H$jm ‘| g§J{R>V
ghm¶Vm {‘b gHo$& H$admH$a
(4) ‘hmnwê$fm| H$s OrdZr ~ÀMm| H$mo n‹T>mB© OmZr Mm{hE& (2) H$jm ‘| EH$ BZS>moa Jo‘ Am¶mo{OV H$admH$a
(3) H$hmZr H$WZ {d{Y Ûmam
130. àoaUm H$m dhr gå~ÝY CnbpãY go h¡, Omo A{YJ‘ H$m .......... go h¡& (4) H$jm Ho$ {H$gr EH$ {dÚmWu Ûmam {Z¶ÝÌU H$admH$a
(1) VH©$ (2) {MÝVZ
(3) ~moY (4) {ddoH$ 137. ¶{X AmnH$s H$jm ‘| H$moB© ~ÀMm A{YJ‘ Aj‘ hmo, Vmo Amn ³¶m
H$a|Jo?
131. N>moQ>o {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo H$jm H$j ‘| g‘d¶ñH$m| Ho$ gmW AÝV…{H«$¶m H$aZo (1) CgH$s Amoa H$moB© ܶmZ Zht X|oJo&
Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$aZm Mm{hE, {Oggo- (2) CgH$s Aj‘Vm {H$g àH$ma H$s h¡ ¶h OmZH$a CgH$mo {gImZo H$m
(1) do EH$-Xÿgao H$o àíZm| go grI gH|$& à¶mg H$a|Jo&
(2) nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$mo ~hþV OëXr nyam {H$¶m Om gHo$& (3) CgH$s A{V[a³V H$jm b|Jo&
(3) do n‹T>Zo Ho$ Xm¡amZ gm‘m{OH$ H$m¡eb grI gH|$& (4) CgH$s ~¡R>H$ ì¶dñWm H$jm Ho$ ~w{Õ‘mZ ~ÀMm| Ho$ gmW H$a|Jo&
(4) {ejH$ H$jm H$j H$mo ~ohVa VarHo$ go {Z¶§{ÌV H$a gH|$&
138. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g {ejm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo A{^àoaU Ed§ A{YJ‘
132. {ZåZ{bpIV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm grIZo Ho$ {bE A{YH$V‘ ê$n go A{^ào[aV Ho$ ~rM gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$aVo hþE ¶h H$hm {H$ A{^àoaU go CËnÝZ
H$aVm h¡? {H«$¶merbVm hr grIZo Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm¶r h¡?
(1) ~mø H$maH$ (1) H$mohba Zo
(2) Ag’$bVm go ~MZo Ho$ {bE A[^àoaUm (2) pñH$Za Zo
(3) ~hþV gab ¶m H${R>Z bú¶m| H$m M¶Z H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm (3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo
(4) bú¶m| H$mo àmá H$aZo ‘| ì¶p³VJV gÝVwpîQ> (4) dwS>dW© Zo

125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138.
(4) (3) (3) (1) (4) (3) (1) (4) (3) (4) (2) (1) (2) (2)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 151

139. {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| l‘ H$s ñ’y${V© H$m {dH$mg H$aZo Ho$ {bE- 145. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm CXmhaU A{^àoaUm H$m n[aUm‘ Zht h¡?
(1) {ejH$ AnZo hr l‘ ‘| àd¥{Îm {XImEJm& (1) H¥$îUm Zo Z¥Ë¶ H$m g‘¶ EH$ KÊQ>o go ~‹T>mH$a Xmo KÊQ>o H$a {X¶m h¡&
(2) {ejH$ l‘ Ho$ ‘hÎd na ì¶m»¶mZ H$aooJm& (2) Om°Z ñQw>AQ>© {‘b Zo 12 df© H$s C‘« ‘| Xe©Z H$m Aܶ¶Z Amaå^ H$a
(3) g‘¶-g‘¶ na {dÚm{W©¶m§o H$mo l‘ H$aZo H$m Adga XoZm n‹S>oJm& {X¶m Wm&
(4) {dÚm{W©¶m§o H$mo l‘ H$aZo dmbo bmoJm§o H$m CXmhaU XoZm n‹So$Jm& (3) OJZ Zo ídmg boZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ê${M {XImZr àmaå^ H$a Xr h¡&
(4) am‘ Zo VoOr go AmYw{ZH$ Ed§ àmMrZ Eo{Vhm{gH$ àd¥{Îm¶m| ‘o§ ghgå~ÝY
140. AmnH$mo {ejH$ {Xdg na Hw$N> {dÚm{W©¶m| Zo EH$ ~YmB© nÌ ^oOm h¡, ñWm{nV H$aZo ‘| àJ{V H$s h¡&
Amn ³¶m H$a|Jo?
(1) Hw$N> Zht H$a|Jo& 146. {ZåZ ‘| go ³¶m EH$ à^mdr àe§gm Ho$ ê$n ‘| AܶmnH$ Ho$ {bE H$m¶©
(2) CÝh| YݶdmX X|Jo& H$aoJm?
(3) CÝh| n¡gm| H$s ~~m©Xr Zht H$aZo Ho$ {bE ~mob|Jo& (1) {dÚm{W©¶mo§ Ho$ AdYmZ H$mo CZHo$ H$m¶© go gå~pÝYV ì¶dhma na Ho$pÝÐV

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(4) CÝh| ~Xbo ‘| ew^H$m‘ZmE± X|Jo& H$aVm h¡&
(2) {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ dV©‘mZ H$m¶© {ZînmXZ H$mo CZHo$ g‘yh Ho$ Aݶ gm{W¶m|
141. {dÚmb¶ ‘| {Z¶{‘V CnpñW{V Ho$ {bE d§{MV ~ÀMm| H$mo àmoËgm{hV Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| d{U©V H$aVm h¡&
H$aZo H$m {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm VarH$m gdm©{YH$ Cn¶w³V hmoJm? (3) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo CZH$s ¶mo½¶VmAm| AWdm H$m¶© {ZînmXZ Ho$ ‘hÎd H$s
(1) ~ÀMm| H$mo AmH${f©V H$aZo H$o {bE <5 XoZm gyMZm XoVm h¡&
(2) Amdmgr¶ {dÚmb¶ ImobZm (4) O~ {dÚmWu AnZo ì¶dhma H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV Zht H$a nmVo Vmo CÝh|
(3) ~ÀMm| H$mo {dÚmb¶ AmZo H$s AZw‘{V Z XoZo H$mo H$mZyZZ XÊS>Zr¶ gH$mamË‘H$ ì¶dhmamË‘H$ g‘W©Z àXmZ H$aVm h¡&
AnamY ~Zm¶m OmE&
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(4) {dÚmb¶ Ûmam ~ÀMm| H$mo EH${ÌV H$aZo dmbo EH$ ì¶p³V H$mo {Z¶w³V *******
{H$¶m OmE, Omo à{V{XZ Kam| go ~ÀMm| H$mo boH$a AmE&
AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AܶmnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB©
142. N>mÌm| H$mo R>rH$, em~me, ~hþV AÀN>m H$hZm h¡- H$a aho h¢ Vmo Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr
(1) empãXH$ nwZ~©bZ (2) AempãXH$ nwZ~©bZ H$jm Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm
(3) gH$mamË‘H$ empãXH$ nwZ~©bZ (4) ZH$mamË‘H$ empãXH$ nwZ~©bZ h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&
UPTET - 95301 43210
143. Z¥Ë¶, S´>m‘m Ed§ {eënH$bm H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡- MP Samvida - 95302 43210
(1) {d{eîQ> JwUm| Ho$ {dH$mg hoVw BTET - 95302 43210
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(2) ì¶p³VËd H$mo T>mbZo Ho$ {bE UTET - 72209 29294

(3) X~o Ed§ ~Xm©íV Z {H$¶o Om gH$Zo dmbo AÝVZm}X Ho$ àH$Q>rH$aU hoVw JTET - 72209 29239
(4) BZ‘| go g^r HTET - 72209 29266
CGTET - 72209 28969
144. amOoe A{V bmobwn nmR>H$ h¡& dh AnZo H$mog© H$s nwñVH§o$ n‹T>Zo Ho$ HPTET - 72209 28535
A{V[a³V àm¶… nwñVH$mb¶ OmVm h¡ Am¡a {^ÝZ àH$aUm| H$s nwñVH|$
n‹T>Vm h¡& BVZm hr Zht amOoe ^moOZ AdH$me ‘| AnZo n[a¶moOZm AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$
H$m¶© H$aVm h¡& Cgo narjmAm| Ho$ {bE n‹T>Zo Ho$ {bE AnZo {ejH$m| nong©, ‘m°S>b nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go
AWdm A{^^mdH$m§o Ûmam H$^r ^r H$hZo H$s Oê$aV Zht h¡ Am¡a dh ‘mJ©Xe©Z {H$¶m OmEJm, Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm
dmñVd ‘| grIZo H$m AmZÝX boVm ZOa AmVm h¡& Cgo .......... Ho$ ê$n àmá H$a gH|$&
‘| gdm©{YH$ ~ohVa ê$n ‘| d{U©V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
(1) AmÝV[aH$ ê$n go A{^ào[aV {ejmWu
(2) V϶ AmYm[aV {ejmWu
(3) {ejH$ A{^ào[aV {ejmWu
(4) ‘mnZ AmYm[aV [ejmWu

139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146.

(3) (2) (2) (3) (4) (1) (3) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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Aܶm¶ 9
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9.1 àñVmdZm AV… g§jon ‘| H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, gm§do{JH$
Am{X {H$gr ^r ÑpîQ> go Xmo ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd VWm {H«$¶mAm| ‘| Omo
g§gma ‘| g^r dñVwE± J{Verb hmoVr h¢, {H$gr ‘| ^r g‘mZVm Zht nm¶r OmVr&
{^ÝZVmE± nm¶r OmVr h¢, CÝh| ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE± H$hVo h¢&
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‘mZ{gH$, g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go nm¶r OmVr h¡& Q>‘©Z Ho$ AZwgma-
H$moB© ^r Xmo ì¶p³V g‘mZ Zht hmoVo h¢& ¶hm± VH$ {H$ Ow‹S>dm± ~ÀMm| ‘|
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‘| hr Zht nm¶r OmVr daZ² ¶h OmZdam|, no‹S>-nm¡Ym| ‘§o ^r hmoVr h¡& O¡go Jwbm~
EH$ ì¶p³V Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡ {H$ Xÿgao go g^r ~mVmo§ ‘| g‘mZ hmo&
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CgH$m AÝVa EH$ Zht AZoH$ ê$nm| ‘| hmo gH$Vm h¡& ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE±
Zht hmoVr&
{ZåZ{b{IV àH$ma H$s hmo gH$Vr h¡-
dV©‘mZ H$mb ‘| ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ AZwgma hr {ejm àXmZ H$s
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OmVr h¡& ¶h EH$ ~hþV hr ‘hÎdnyU© nj h¡, {OgH$m ܶmZ AܶmnH$m| H$mo n‹T>mVo 1. emar[aH$ {d{^ÝZVmE±
g‘¶ aIZm Mm{hE& emar[aH$ {^ÝZVm go VmËn¶© a§J-ê$n, H$X, ¶m¡Z-^oX, emar[aH$ n[an³dVm
Am{X Ho$ AÝVa go h¡& bå~m ¶m N>moQ>m H$X, ‘moQ>m ¶m nVbm AmH$ma emar[aH$
[^ÝZVm H$mo àH$Q> H$aVo h¢&
9.2 ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$s n[a^mfmE±
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CZ‘| go Hw$N> à‘wI n[a^mfmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
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1. Q>m¶ba Ho$ AZwgma- H$a gH$Vo h¢&
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CnbpãY, kmZ, ê${M¶m|, A{^d¥[Îm¶m| d ì¶p³VËd Ho$ bjUm| ‘| ‘mn H$s Om gH$Zo dmbr
{d{^ÝZVmAm| H$s CnpñW{V {gÕ H$s Om MwH$s h¢&
CnbpãY narjUm| go ¶h {gÕ hmo MwH$m h¡ {H$ à˶oH$ ì¶p³V ‘| AbJ-AbJ
CnbpãY ¶mo½¶VmE± hmoVr h¢& ¶h {d{^ÝZVm n‹T>Zo, {bIZo VWm J{UV grIZo ‘|
2. pñH$Za Ho$ AZwgma- ñnîQ> ê$n go {XImB© XoVr h¡& EH$ hr ~w{Õ ñVa Ho$ ~ÀMm| ‘| ^r ¶h CnbpãY
ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| go h‘mam VmËn¶© ì¶p³VËd Ho$ CZ g^r nhbwAm| go h¡, {d{^ÝZVm ñnîQ> ê$n go {XImB© XoVr h¡& ~w{Õ Ho$ {d{dY VÎdm| H$s {d{^ÝZVm
{OZH$m ‘mnZ d ‘yë¶m§H$Z {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& VWm {d{dY AZw^dm|, ê${M¶m| VWm e¡j{UH$ n¥îR>^y{‘ Ho$ H$maU CnbpãY
{d{^ÝZVm CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡&
3. H$mQ>©a dr. JwS> Ho$ AZwgma-
4. J˶mË‘H$ ¶mo½¶Vm ‘| {d{^ÝZVmE±
ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm, ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| {H$gr EH$ {deofVm ¶m AZoH$ {deofVmAm| H$mo
boH$a nm¶r OmZo dmbr {d{^ÝZVm h¡, Omo gånyU© ê$n ‘| do gmao ^oX d AÝVa h¢, Omo à˶oH$ ì¶p³V ‘| J˶mË‘H$ ¶mo½¶Vm ^r AbJ-AbJ hmoVr h¡& H$B© ì¶p³V
EH$ ì¶p³V H$mo Xÿgao go AbJ H$aVr h¡& ‘¡Ho${ZH$b H$m‘ AmgmZr go H$a gH$Vo h¢, naÝVw H$B© ì¶p³V EH$ hr Am¶w ñVa
Ho$ hmoZo na ^r H$m¶m] ‘| H${R>ZmB© AZw^d H$aVo h¢&
4. Ooåg S>´oda Ho$ AZwgma-
5. b¢{JH$ AmYma na {d{^ÝZVmE±
Am¡gV g‘yh go ‘mZ{gH$, emar[aH$ {deofVmAm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| g‘yh Ho$ gXñ¶ Ho$
ê$n ‘| {^ÝZVm ¶m AÝVa H$mo d¡¶p³VH$ ^oX H$hVo h¢&
Q>‘©Z Zo Hw$N> Aܶ¶Zm| Ho$ AmYma na ñÌr VWm nwê$fm| ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV
{d{^ÝZVmAm| H$s ImoO H$s h¢-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE±
1. pñ̶m± S>´m°B§J Xn©U ‘o AnojmH¥$V A{YH$ Hw$eb hmoVr h¢& dmUr Am{X
H$s Ìw{Q>¶m± nwê$fm| ‘| Zmar H$s Anojm VrZ JwZm hmoVr h¡&
2. Zm[a¶m± gwPmdm| Ho$ à{V A{YH$ J«hUerb hmoVr h¢, O~{H$ nwê$fm| ‘|
Zm[a¶m| H$s Anojm A{YH$ a§J-AÝYVm hmoVr h¡&
6. ì¶p³VËd ‘| {d{^ÝZVmE±
bmoJm| ‘o§ ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr {d{^ÝZVmE± ^r hmoVr h¢& BZ {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ AmYma
na ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo H$B© dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& O¡go-
1. ñà¢Ja Zo ì¶p³VËd {^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na N>… dJ©- g¡ÕmpÝVH$,
Am{W©H$, gm‘m{OH$, gm¡ÝX¶m©Ë‘H$, amOZr{VH$ VWm Ym{‘©H ~Zm¶o h¢&
2. Ow§J Zo ì¶p³VËd [^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na VrZ dJ©- AÝV‘w©Ir,
~{h‘©wIr VWm C^¶‘wIr ~Zm¶o h¢&
3. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo {MÝVZerbVm Ho$ AmYma na Mma dJ©- A‘yV© {MÝVH$,
{dMmamË‘H$ {MÝVH$, dñVwnaH$ {MÝVH$ VWm Am§{JH$ AZw^d àYmZ
{MÝVH$ ~Zm¶o h¢&
4. Q>‘©Z Zo ~w{Õ ñVa Ho$ AmYma na Zm¡ dJ©- à{V^membr, à{V^membr
Ho$ {ZH$Q>, A[V CÎm‘, CÎm‘, Am¡gV, {nN>‹S>o hþE, Xþ~©b ‘mZ{gH$Vm
dmbo, ‘ÝX ~w{Õ VWm ‘y‹T ~Zm¶o h¢&
5. OmoS>©Z Zo ì¶p³VJV [^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na Xmo dJ©- {H«$¶merb VWm
{dMmamË‘H$ ~Zm¶o h¢&
6. Q´>mQ>a Zo ì¶p³VJV {^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na Xmo dJ©- pñWa ‘mZ{gH$Vm
gånÝZ VWm ApñWa ‘mZ{gH$Vm dmbo ~Zm¶o h¢&
7. ^mdmË‘H$ {d{^ÝZVmE±
h‘ XoIVo h¢ {H$ Hw$N> ì¶p³V OëXr hr H«$mo{YV hmo OmVo h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> Xoa go&
Hw$N> ì¶p³V ~hþV hr emÝV ahVo h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> OëXr hr {M‹T> OmVo h¢& g§doJm| H$s
¶h {^ÝZVm ì¶p³VËd g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ {bE g‘ñ¶m hmoVr h¡&
8. M[aÌ ‘| {d{^ÝZVmE±
M[aÌ ^r g^r ì¶p³V¶m| H$m g‘mZ Zht hmoVm& Hw$N> AÀN>o M[aÌ dmbo hmoVo h¢
Am¡a Hw$N> Iam~, Hw$N> H$m‘wH$ hmoVo h¢, Hw$N> gÁOZ Am{X& M[aÌ H$s {deofVmE±
hr ì¶p³V-ì¶p³V ‘| ^oX CËnÝZ H$aVr h¢&
9. CnbpãY H$s {d{^ÝZVmE±
g^r ì¶p³V¶m| H$s e¡{jH$ AWdm ì¶mdhm[aH$ OrdZ ‘|o CnbpãY g‘mZ Zht
hmoVr, H$moB© H$‘ n[al‘ go A{YH$ n[aUm‘ àmá H$aVm h¡ Vmo H$moB© A{YH$
n[al‘ go H$‘& {ejH$ EH$ hr dmVmdaU ‘| n‹T>mVm h¡, naÝVw g^r N>mÌm| Ho$
A§H$ g‘mZ Zht AmVo&
10. A{YJ‘ H$s {d{^ÝZVmE±
{H$gr H$m¶© H$mo grIZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm ^r à˶oH$ ì¶p³V ‘| {^ÝZ hmoVr h¡& H$moB©
OëXr grIVm h¡, Vmo H$mooB© Xoa go& gmW grIr JB© {H«$¶m go bm^ CR>mZo H$s
¶mo½¶Vm ‘| ^r {^ÝZVm nmB© OmVr h¡&
9.4 ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ H$maU
ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ nm¶o OmZo Ho$ AZoH$ H$maU {dÚ‘mZ h¢, {OZ‘| go
Hw$N> H$maU {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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n¥îR> 153
1. d§emZwH«$‘
ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m EH$ à‘wI H$maU d§emZwH«$‘ h¡& ì¶p³V H$mo H$B© JwU
AnZo d§e go {damgV ‘| {‘bVr h¢, O¡g-Mohao Ho$ Z³e, Am±Im| H$m a§J, ~mb,
a§J-ê$n, {ga H$m AmH$ma; Hw$N> ~r‘m[a¶m±- a³VMmn, H¢$ga, Q>r.~r., Am{X H$s
Amoa àd¥{Îm, Hw$N> ‘mZ{gH$ {deofVmE±, O¡go- ~w[Õ, A‘yV© {MÝVZ, ÑpîQ>H$moU,
g§H$sU©VmE± Am{X& d§emZwJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ H$maU ì¶p³V H$m emar[aH$ Ed§
‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ^r Aݶ ì¶p³V¶m| go {^ÝZ hmoVm h¡&
2. dmVmdaU
ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo ‘| dmVmdaU H$m ‘hÎdnyU© hmW h¡&
dmVmdaU ‘| n[adV©Z ~ÀMo Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ n[adV©Z ‘| à{V{~på~V hmoVm h¡&
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU go ì¶p³V Ho$ dmVmdaU ‘| do g^r CËàoaUmE± gpå‘{bV
h¢ Omo dh OÝ‘ go ‘aU VH$ àmá H$aVm h¡& Bg‘| ^m¡{VH$, gm‘m{OH$,
Z¡{VH$, amOZr{VH$, Am{W©H$ Ed§ gm§ñH¥${VH$ ep³V¶m± gpå‘{bV h¢& AmYw{ZH$
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m {dídmg h¡ {H$ d§emZwH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU XmoZm| ì¶p³VJV
{d{^ÝZVmAm| H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&
3. Om{V, àOm{V Ed§ amîQ>´ H$m à^md
{d{^ÝZ Om{V¶m| H$o bmoJm| ‘| {d{^ÝZVm ñnîQ> ê$n go {XImB© XoVr h¡& àm¶… ¶h
XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ joÌr¶ Ho$ b‹S>Ho$ ‘| AnojmH¥$V A{YH$ gmhg hmoVm h¡ Am¡a EH$
ì¶mnmar Ho$ b‹S>Ho$ ‘| ì¶mnma H$s A{YH$ àd¥[Îm hmoVr h¡& Bg àH$ma {d{^ÝZ
amîQ>´m| Ho$ bmoJm| Ho$ M[aÌ, ì¶p³VËd VWm ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| ‘| ^r {d{^ÝZVm
hmoVr h¡& ¶h {d{^ÝZVm ^m¡Jmo{bH$, gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU ‘| n¡Xm
hmoVr h¡& H$B© Aܶ¶Zm| go ¶h ~mV {gÕ hmo MwH$s h¡ {H$ A‘o[aH$Z VWm ZrJ«mo
Om{V Ho$ bmoJm| ‘| {d{^ÝZVmE± h¢, Mr{Z¶m| VWm Omnm{Z¶m| ‘| {d{^ÝZVmE± h¢,
A§J«oOm| VWm ^maVr¶m| ‘| {d{^ÝZVmE± h¡ Am{X&
4. b¢{JH$ {d{^ÝZVmE±
b‹S>H$m| VWm b‹S>{H$¶m| Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| CZH$s b¢{JH$ {d{^ÝZVm ñnîQ> ê$n go
ÑpîQ>JmoMa hmoVr h¡& b‹S>{H$¶m| H$m emar[aH$ {dH$mg b‹S>H$m| go EH$ ¶m Xmo gmb
nhbo hmoVm h¡& 11 go 14 df© H$s AdñWm Ho$ ~rM ‘| b‹S>{H$¶m± b‹S>H$m| H$s
Anojm A{YH$ bå~r Am¡a ^mar hmo OmVr h¢, naÝVw 15 df© H$s AdñWm ‘| b‹S>Ho$
A{YH$ VoOr go ~‹T>Zo bJVo h¢&
5. Am¶w VWm ~w{Õ
Am¶w H$s d¥{Õ go emar[aH$, ~m¡{ÕH$ VWm ^mdmË‘H$ {dH$mg ^r hmoVm h¡& ~w{Õ
{d{^ÝZVm Ho$ H$maU ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| ^r {d{^ÝZVm CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡& {OZ ~ÀMm| H$m
~m¡{ÕH$ ñVa VWm ‘mZ{gH$ AdñWm Am¡gV go ZrMo hmoVr h¡, CÝh| grIZo ‘|
~hþV H${R>ZmB© hmoVr h¢, O~{H$ Am¡gV ~w{Õ dmbo ~ÀMm| H$mo grIZo ‘| AmgmZr
hmoVr h¡&
6. ñd^md Am¡a ^mdm| ‘| pñWaVm
Hw$N> ì¶{³V ñd^md go hr OëXr H$m‘ H$aZo dmbo hmoVo h¢ O~{H$ Hw$N> ì¶p³V
Yrao-Yrao H$m‘ H$aVo h¢& Hw$N> ì¶{³V {dZmoX{චhmoVo h¢, Vmo Hw$N> ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo
OëXr Jwñgm Am OmVm h¡& ì¶p³V H$s ^mdmË‘H$ pñWaVm emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$
VÎdm| VWm dmVmdaU Ho$ H$maU {d{^ÝZ ê$n YmaU H$a boVr h¢& ^mdmË‘H$
 n¥îR> 154 ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE±
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
pñWaVm H$r ¶h {d{^ÝZVm ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm H$m H$maU ~ZVr h¢
7. Am{W©H$ pñW{V Am¡a {ejm
‘mVm-{nVm H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V VWm {ejm go ^r ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE± n¡Xm
hmoVr h¢& Xmo Am{W©H$ dJm] Ho$ ~ÀMmo§ ‘| g‘mZVm hmoZm Agå^d h¡&
9.5 {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm H$m
‘hÎd Ed§ Cn¶mo{JVm
{ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| ‘Zmo{dkmZ Zo H«$mpÝVH$mar n[adV©Z {H$E h¢& H$^r {ejm {ejH$
Ho$pÝÐV Wr, ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ àdoe go dh ~mb Ho$pÝÐV hmo JB©& BVZm hr Zht
A{nVw d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$ Aܶ¶Z go Cgo nyU© ê$n go ~mb Ho$pÝÐV ~ZmZo
Ho$ à¶ËZ ewê$ hmo JE& dV©‘mZ ‘| {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm H$m ‘hÎd
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~‹T> J¶m h¡, CgH$s Cn¶mo{JVm ~‹T> JB© h¡ Am¡a {ejm Ho$ ha joÌ ‘| CgH$m
Cn¶moJ {H$¶m Om ahm h¡& {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘o| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm H$m ‘hÎd {ZåZ
àH$ma g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. {ejm Ho$ CÔoí¶ {ZYm©aU ‘|
dV©‘mZ ‘| {H$gr ^r ñVa H$s {ejm Ho$ CÔoí¶ Cg ñVa Ho$ Am¡gV {ejm{W©¶m|
H$s ÑpîQ> go {ZYm©[aV {H$E OmVo h¢ Am¡a CÀM A§em| Ho$ ñWmZ na ¶WmW© Ho$
YamVb na {ZpíMV {H$E OmVo h¢&
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2. [ejm H$s nmR²>¶M¶m© Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘|
dV©‘mZ ‘| gd©àW‘ {H$gr ^r ñVa Ho$ {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$
AmYma na VrZ dJm]-{ZåZ, ‘ܶ Am¡a CÀM ‘| dJuH¥$V {H$¶m OmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$
{H$gr ^r g‘yh ‘| A{YH$Va (bJ^J 68 à{VeV) {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ JwU {deof
‘| àmám§H$ ‘ܶ‘mZ AWm©V² Am¡gV H$s Amoa PwHo$ hmoVo h¢, bJ^J 27 à{VeV
Ho$ Am¡gV go Hw$N> Xÿa hmoVo h¢ Am¡a bJ^J 4.5 à{VeV Ho$ àmám§H$ Am¡gV go
~hþV H$‘ AWdm ~hþV A{YH$ hmoVo h¢, Bgr{bE {H$gr ^r ñVa H$s nmR²>¶M¶m©
H$m bJ^J 70 à{VeV ^mJ Am¡gV {ejm{W©¶m| H$s ÑpîQ> go V¡¶ma {H$¶m OmVm
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h¡, bJ^J 15 à{VeV ^mJ Am¡gV go ZrMo Ho$ N>mÌm| H$s ÑpîQ> go V¡¶ma {H$¶m
OmVm h¡ Am¡a CgH$m bJ^J 15 à{VeV ^mJ Eogm hmoVm h¡, {Ogo CÀM ñVa Ho$
N>mÌ hr gabVm go g‘P gH$Vo h¢& gmW hr ghnmR²>¶Mmar {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ {ZYm©aU
‘| ^r d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm H$m ܶmZ aIm OmVm h¡&
3. N>mÌm| Ho$ dJuH$aU ‘|
dV©‘mZ ‘| Bg ~mV na ~hþV ~b {X¶m OmVm h¡ {H$ {H$gr ^r H$jm Ho$ N>mÌm|
H$m CZH$s emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmAm| Ho$ AmYma na H$‘ go H$‘ VrZ
dJm] ‘| dJuH$aU {H$¶m OmE-{ZåZ, Am¡gV Am¡a CÀM& AmXe© pñW{V Vmo dh
‘mZr OmVr h¡, {Og‘| BZ VrZm| dJm] Ho$ N>mÌm| H$s {ejm ì¶dñWm AbJ-AbJ
H$s OmE, bo{H$Z Ohm± Eogm gå^d Z hmo, CZ na ì¶p³VJV ê$n go ܶmZ
{X¶m OmVm h¡&
4. H$jm H$o AmH$ma {ZYm©aU ‘|
¶{X d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na N>mÌm| H$mo {ZåZ, Am¡gV Am¡a CÀM VrZ
g‘ê$n g‘yhm| ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Vmo ^r, Am¡a ¶{X CÝh| EH$ hr gmW
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
EH$ hr H$jm ‘| n‹T>m¶m OmVm h¡ Vmo ^r, H$jm H$m AmH$ma N>moQ>m hmoZm Mm{hE,
Cgr pñW{V ‘| {ejH$ CZH$s d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na ì¶p³VJV ê$n
go ghm¶Vm H$a gH$Vo h¢& {eew ñVa na EH$ H$jm dJ© ‘| 25, ~mb ñVa na
30, {H$emoa ñVa na 40 Am¡a Cggo D$na Ho$ ñVa na 50 go A{YH$ N>mÌ-
N>mÌmAm| H$s g§»¶m Zht hmoZr Mm{hE&
5. {ejU {d{Y¶m| Ho$ M¶Z ‘|
dV©‘mZ ‘| CZ {ejU {d{Y¶m§o H$mo AÀN>m ‘mZm OmVm h¡ Omo H$jm {deof Ho$
N>mÌm| Ho$ AZwHy$b hm|, {OZ‘| A{YH$Va N>mÌm| H$s ê${M hmo, {OZ‘| N>mÌ AnZr
d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na AnZr J{V go grI gH|$& Bg ÑpîQ> go {eew
ñVa na ‘m°ÝQ>ogar àUmbr Am¡a {H$ÊS>a JmQ>©Z àUmbr AÀN>r ‘mZr OmVr h¢
Am¡a ~mb Ed§ {H$emoa ñVa na ¶moOZm {d{Y Am¡a A{^H«${‘H$ AZwXoeZ AÀN>r
{d{Y¶m± ‘mZr OmVr h¢&
6. {ejU gmYZm| Ho$ M¶Z ‘|
h‘ OmZVo h¢ {H$ g^r ~ÀMo g^r {ejU gmYZm| ‘| g‘mZ ê${M Zht boVo AV…
Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ {eew, ~mb Am¡a {H$emoa ñVa na {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ {ejU gmYZm|
H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmE& dV©‘mZ ‘o§ Ñí¶-lì¶ gmYZm|-Amoda hoS> àmoOo³Q>a,
Q>obr{dOZ Am¡a H$å߶yQ>a H$m à¶moJ ~‹T>Vm Om ahm h¡, na BZ‘| ^r g^r ~ÀMo
g‘mZ ê$n go ê${M Zht boVo, Omo {Og‘| ê${M b| CÝh| Cgr Ho$ Ûmam grIZo
Ho$ Adga {XE OmZo Mm{hE&
7. d¡¶p³VH$ ghm¶Vm ‘|
~ÀMm| ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm BVZr A{YH$ hmoVr h¡ {H$ g~ ÑpîQ>¶m| go g‘ê$n
g‘yh ~ZmZm H${R>Z hmoVm h¡ Bgr{bE d¡¶p³VH$ ghm¶Vm Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡&
¶h ghm¶Vm H$B© ê$nm| ‘| XoZr hmoVr h¡& H$jm ‘| nmR> H$m {dH$mg H$aVo g‘¶
àm¶… àíZ nyN>o OmVo h¢, {ejH$m| H$mo Mm{hE {H$ àíZm| H$m {dVaU nyar H$jm ‘|
H$a|, gab àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {ZåZ ñVa Ho$ N>mÌm| go nyN>|, gm‘mݶ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma
gm‘mݶ ñVa Ho$ N>mÌm| go nyN>| Am¡a H${R>Z àíZm| Ho$ CÎma CÀM ñVa Ho$ N>mÌm|
go nyN>| Am¡a àíZm| Ho$ ghr CÎma Z XoZo na N>mÌm| H$s H${R>ZmB© H$mo g‘P| Am¡a
Cgo Xÿa H$a|& H$‘Omoa N>mÌm| H$mo AbJ go g‘¶ XoH$a ^r CZH$s d¡¶p³VH$ ê$n
go ghm¶Vm H$aZr Mm{hE&
8. J¥hH$m¶© H$s ‘mÌm ‘|
d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm H$m nhbm VH$mOm ¶h h¡ {H$ {eew ñVa na ~hþV H$‘ ‘mÌm ‘|
J¥hH$m¶© {X¶m OmE, ~mb Ed§ {H$emoa ñVa na Cggo A{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘| Am¡a D$na
Ho$ N>mÌm| H$mo ñdmܶm¶ H$s Amoa àd¥Îm {H$¶m OmE& {H$gr ämr H$jm Ho$ N>mÌm| ‘|
go {ZåZ ñVa Ho$ N>mÌm| H$mo AnojmH¥$V H$‘, Am¡gV ñVa Ho$ N>mÌm| H$mo Am¡gV
Am¡a CÀM ñVa Ho$ N>mÌm| H$mo AnojmH¥$V A{YH$ J¥hH$m¶© {X¶m OmE&
9. e¡{jH$ Ed§ ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ZX}eZ ‘|
d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$ kmZ go A~ ¶h Amdí¶H$ g‘Pm OmVm h¡ {H$ N>mÌm|
H$mo CZH$s emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ j‘Vm Ed§ ê${M VWm ê$PmZ Ho$ AmYma na
Aܶ¶Z Ho$ {df¶ Ed§ joÌ MwZZo ‘| ghm¶Vm H$s OmE Am¡a CZH$s A{Yj‘Vm Ed§
{d{eîQ> ¶mo½¶Vm Ho$ AmYma na CÝh| à{ejU hoVw H$m¡eb AWdm ì¶dgm¶ M¶Z
‘| ghm¶Vm Xr OmE& Bgo hr H«$‘e… e¡{jH$ Ed§ ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ZX}eZ H$hVo h¢&
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9.6 ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| na AmYm[aV
{ejU à{d{Y¶m±
ì¶p³VJV {ejU H$s à‘wI à{d{Y¶m± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. àmoOo³Q> àUmbr
Bg nÕ{V H$m OÝ‘ A‘o[aH$m ‘| hþAm VWm Bg nÕ{V Ho$ OÝ‘XmVm {H$bn¡{Q>´H$
Wo& CZHo$ AZwgma-
àmoOo³Q> nyao ‘Z go {H$¶m OmZo dmbm EH$ CÔoí¶nyU© H$m¶© h¡ Omo gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU
‘| gånÝZ hmoVm h¡&
Bg àUmbr ‘| N>mÌ AnZr ê${M go ¶moOZm H$m M¶Z H$aVm h¡, O¡go-
{‘Q²>Q>r Ho$ ~V©Z ~ZmZm, Jw{‹S>¶m H$m Ka ~ZmZm, ZmQ>H$ IobZm, ~mJdmZr H$aZm,
OmZdam| H$mo nmbZm Am{X& ¶h {d{Y H$aHo$ grImo {gÕmÝV na ~b XoVr h¡&
Bg {d{Y ‘| N>mÌm| H$mo EH$-EH$ H$m¶© gm¢n {X¶m OmVm h¡, {Ogo do {‘b-Owb
H$a nyam H$aVo h¢ O¡go-gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$m¶©H«$‘ ¶m {nH${ZH$ H$s ì¶dñWm H$aZm&
¶moOZm Ho$ nXm| ‘| n[apñW{V {Z‘m©U, M¶Z, {Z¶moOZ, nyU© H$aZm, ‘yë¶m§H$Z
VWm A§H$Z à‘wI h¢& {H$bn¡{Q>´H$ Ho$ AZwgma-
¶moOZm, gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU ‘| nyU© g§b½ZVm go {H$¶m OmZo dmbm CÔoí¶nyU© H$m¶© h¡&
2. S>mëQ>Z àUmbr
Bg àUmbr H$mo {‘g hoboZ nmH©$hñQ>© Zo {X¶m& Bg àUmbr ‘| N>mÌ H$mo AnZr
¶mo½¶Vm, j‘Vm d ê${M Ho$ AZwgma H$m¶© H$aZo H$s ñdVÝÌVm hmoVr h¡& Cgo
g‘¶ Ho$ ~ÝYZ ‘| Zht ~m±Ym OmVm& {dÚmWu Mmho Vmo gmao {XZ EH$ hr {df¶ n‹T>
gH$Vm h¡& Bg‘| à˶oH$ {df¶ Ho$ {b¶o à¶moJembm ~ZmB© OmVr h¡& Bg àUmbr
H$s ‘w»¶ {deofVm H$m¶© H$m R>oH$m h¡ {Ogo N>mÌ H$mo {ZpíMV Ad{Y ‘| nyam H$aZm
hmoVm h¡& df© ^a Ho$ H$m¶© H$mo dh ‘hrZm|, gámhm| d {XZm| ‘| ~m±Q> gH$Vm h¡&
Bg àUmbr ‘| AܶmnH$ ‘mÌ EH$ nW-àXe©H$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$m¶© H$aVm h¡& {‘g
hoboZ nmH©$hñQ>© Zo S>mëQ>Z ¶moOZm Ho$ AW© H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVo hþE {bIm h¡ {H$-
S>mëQ>Z à¶moJembm ¶moOZm {ejU H$s àUmbr AWdm nÕ{V Zht h¡& ¶h e¡{jH$
nwZJ©R>Z H$s EH$ {d{Y h¡, Omo grIZ| H$s gå~Õ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| EH$Vm ñWm{nV H$aVr h¡&
3. {dZo{Q>H$m àUmbr
Bg ¶moOZm H$m à{VnmXZ S>m°. H$mb©Q>Z dmedZ© Zo {H$¶m& Bg ¶moOZm ‘| ^r
~mbH$ H$mo H$m¶© H$aZo H$s nyU© ñdVÝÌVm ahVr h¡& Bg‘| nyao nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$mo
N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r BH$mB©¶m| ‘| ~m±Q>m J¶m h¡& N>mÌ EH$ BH$mB© H$m g’$bVmnyd©H$
Aܶ¶Z H$aZo Ho$ ~mX hr Xÿgar BH$mB© H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡& N>mÌ AnZo kmZ
H$s narjm ñd¶§ H$aVm h¡& AܶmnH$ ‘mÌ ‘mJ©-Xe©H$ hmoVm h¡& Bg ¶moOZm ‘|
H$moB© ~mbH$ AZwÎmrU© Zht hmoVm VWm à˶oH$ {df¶ ‘| ~mbH$ H$mo AbJ go J«oS>
{X¶m OmVm h¡& Bg {d{Y ‘| ~mbH$ H$m B©‘mZXma hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡&
4. S>oH«$mobr àUmbr
Bg àUmbr Ho$ OÝ‘XmVm S>m.° Amo{dS> S>Ho $« mobr Wo Omo ~ob{Á¶‘ ‘| àmo’$o ga Wo&
CZHo$ AZwgma ~mbH$ H$mo {ejm CgHo$ OrdZ go hr {‘bZr Mm{h¶o& Bg {d{Y ‘|
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h¡& {’$a CÝh| CZH$s j‘Vm Ho$ AZwgma AmJo ~‹T>Zo {X¶m OmVm h¡& S>Ho $« mobr àUmbr
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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S>oH«$mobr {d{Y ~mbH$ H$mo ‘yV© Ed§ A‘yV© H$m¶m] H$mo H$aZo H$m Adga àXmZ H$a AmË‘
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AmYm[aV h¡&
5. H$m°ÝQ>´o³Q> àUmbr
¶h ¶moOZm EH$ àH$ma go S>mëQ>Z àUmbr VWm {dZo{Q>H$m àUmbr H$m {‘bm-
Owbm ê$n h¡& Bg‘| N>mÌ H$mo gámh, ‘hrZo ¶m df©^a H$m H$m¶© EH$ gmW hr Xo
{X¶m OmVm h¡& H$moB© g‘¶-gmaUr H$m ~ÝYZ Zht hmoVm Am¡a Z hr nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ho$
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dh Mmho Vmo df© H$m H$m¶© 8 ‘hrZo ‘| nyam H$a gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a ¶{X dh {H$Ýhr
H$maUm| go H$m¶© nyam Zht H$a nmVm, Vmo dh Cgo AJbo df© nyam H$a gH$Vm h¡&
H$m¶© H$s g‘m{á na CgH$s narjm br OmVr h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ Ag’$b hmoZo na
CgHo$ H$maUm| H$mo OmZZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
6. {H«$¶m-¶moOZm
{H«$¶m-¶moOZm dñVwV… H$moB© ¶moOZm Zht h¡, ~pëH$ {ejU à{H«$¶m H$m EH$
nhby h¡& AܶmnH$ H$m ¶h à¶mg ahVm h¡ {H$ CgHo$ {dÚmWu H$jm ‘| nyao
g‘¶ g{H«$¶ ~Zo ah|& Bg{b¶o O~ VH$ {dÚmWu àíZ nyN>H$a nmR²>¶-dñVw H$mo
AmË‘gmV H$aZo H$s H$mo{ee Zht H$aVm, AܶmnH$ H$mo gÝVwpîQ> Zht hmoVr& Bg
{d{Y ‘| AܶmnH$ N>mÌ H$s {H«$¶mAm| H$m {ZarjU H$aVm h¡& N>mÌ H$mo dhr {H«$¶m
gm¢nr Om¶o, Omo CgHo$ ‘mZ{gH$ ñVa Ho$ AZwHy$b hmo&
Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ H$~ {H$¶m Om¶o? Bg gå~ÝY ‘| emoBZMoZ Zo
{bIm h¡ {H$
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7. A{^H«${‘V AZwXoeZ
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àUmbr ‘| h‘ nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$mo N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r BH$mB¶m| ‘| ~m±Q> boVo h¡, d¡go hr ¶o
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àmoJ«m‘ H$mo boH$a MbVm h¡ VWm Cgo nyam H$aVm h¡& EH$ àmoJ«m‘ Ho$ g’$bVmnyd©H$
H$a boZo na hr Cgo Xÿgam àmoJ«m‘ {X¶m OmVm h¡& Omo {dÚmWu àW‘ à¶mg ‘|
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nwañH$ma {X¶m OmVm h¡& N>mÌ H$mo {ZYm©[aV g‘¶ gr‘m ‘| hr gmao àmoJ«m‘ H$aZo
hmoVo h¢& S>r. Eb. Hw$H$ Ho$ AZwgma-
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{b¶o à¶w³V EH$ n¶m©¶ h¡&
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8. {H$ÊS>aJmQ>©Z àUmbr
Bg àUmbr Ho$ OÝ‘XmVm ’«$mo~ob h¢& {H$ÊS>aJmQ>©Z eãX H$m AW© h¡ ~ÀMm| H$m
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nZnVm h¡& Bg àUmbr ‘| ~mbH$ H$mo nwñVH$m| go Zht bmXm OmVm ~pëH$ Cgo 1. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm H$m AW© h¡-
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(3) g^r ì¶p³V¶m| H$m ì¶p³VËd g‘mZ hmoZm
9. ‘m°ÊQ>ogar àUmbr (4) Cnamo³V g^r
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ldU, ñne©, ñdmX Ed§ K«mU ep³V¶m| VWm Kaoby CnH$aUm| Ho$ Ûmam {ejm Xr {H$¶m Wm?
OmVr h¡& (1) Ooåg S´>oda Zo (2) pñH$Za Zo
10. øy[apñQ>H$ nÕ{V (3) Q>m°¶ba Zo (4) JmëQ>Z Zo
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aIZm h¡, Bgr{b¶o ¶h ñnîQ> ê$n go Iob-àUmbr h¡&
5. AܶmnZ Ho$ g‘¶ AܶmnH$ H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gH$m gdm©{YH$
ܶmZ aIZm Mm{hE?
11. ~o{gH$ {ejm àUmbr (1) {df¶dñVw
Bg àUmbr Ho$ OÝ‘XmVm Jm±Yr Or Wo& ¶h àUmbr ~mbH$ Ho$ gdmªJrU {dH$mg (2) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s Am¶w
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(2) (3) (4) (4) (3) (2) (4) (3)

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3. Am¶w (1) Cg na h‘oem ZOa aI|Jo&
(1) 1 Ed§ 2 (2) Ho$db 2 (2) CgHo$ {Okmgw ñd^md H$mo àmoËgm{hV H$a|Jo Am¡a CgH$s D$Om© H$mo ghr
(3) 1 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r {Xem ‘| g§M[aV H$a|Jo&
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10. gr‘m ha nmR> H$mo ~hþV OëXr grI boVr h¡, O~{H$ brZm Cgo grIZo (4) Ba’$mZ H$mo {Ibm¡Zm| go H$^r ^r Zht IobZo X|Jo&
‘| Á¶mXm g‘¶ boVr h¡& ¶h {dH$mg Ho$ ........... {gÕmÝV H$mo Xem©Vm
h¡& 18. ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm H$m/Ho$ H$maU h¡/h¢-
(1) d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm (2) AÝV…gå~ÝY (1) emar[aH$ AmYma (2) ‘mZ{gH$ AmYma
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11. hmbm±{H$ ¶h ñnîQ> ê$n go CZH$s gwajm Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$ Cëb§KZ ‘| 19. O~ EH$ ì¶p³V Xÿgao ì¶{³V go ê$n, a§J, ê${M, A{^ê${M Am{X ‘§o
Wm, H¡$ßQ>Z {dH«$‘ ~Vam AnZo Xoe H$mo ~MmZo Ho$ Xm¡amZ H$ma{Jb ¶wÕ {^ÝZ hmo, Vmo ¶h H$hm OmVm h¡-
‘| ‘mao JE& gå^dV… CÝh| ........... Wr& (1) A{YJ‘ Aj‘Vm (2) d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm
(1) ZdrZ AZw^d H$s àm{ßV H$s BÀN>m (3) {dH¥$V ì¶p³VËd (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(2) AmË‘-{g{Õ H$s àm{ßV H$s BÀN>m
(3) AnZo AnZËd gå~ÝYr Amdí¶H$VmAmo§ H$s Cnojm
20. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm H$mo OmZZo Ho$ {bE H$m¡Zgr {d{Y Zht h¡-
(1) ~w{Õ narjU
(4) AnZo n[adma Ho$ Zm‘ H$s »¶m{V-àm{ßV H$s BÀN>m
(2) ì¶p³V B{Vhmg {d{Y
12. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm H$m àH$ma Zht h¡? (3) ì¶p³VJV narjU
(1) ì¶p³VËd ‘| {d{^ÝZVm (2) A{^d¥{Îm ‘| {d{^ÝZVm (4) AÝVX©e©Z {d{Y
(3) D±$MmB© ‘| {d{^ÝZVm (4) CnbpãY ‘| {d{^ÝZVm
21. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm na AmYm[aV {ejU {d{Y h¡-
13. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| H$m¡Z ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm H$m àH$ma h¡? (1) S>mëQ>Z àUmbr (2) àmoOo³Q> àUmbr
(1) ê${M (3) ‘m°ÊQ>ogar àUmbr (4) Cnamo³V g^r
(2) A{YJ‘
22. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm na AmYm[aV {d{Y Zht h¡-
(3) gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| {d{^ÝZVm
(1) S>oH«$mobr (2) {dZo{Q>H$m
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
(3) {H$ÊS>aJmQ>©Z (4) ì¶m»¶mZ {d{Y
14. ì¶p³VJV {^ÝZVm Ho$ H$maH$ gX¡d hr hmoVo h¢-
(1) d§emJV (2) gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Am{W©H$
23. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm H$m/Ho$ H$maU h¡/h¢-
(1) AmZwd§{eH$Vm
(3) g§doJmË‘H$ Ed§ ì¶p³VJV (4) n¶m©daUr¶ Ed§ d§emJV
(2) dmVmdaU
15. {ejmWu d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm àX{e©V H$aVo h¢& AV… EH$ {ejH$ H$mo- (3) emar[aH$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dMmam| H$m à^md
(1) A{YJ‘ H$s EH$g‘mZ J{V na ~b XoZm Mm{hE& (4) Cnamo³V g^r
(2) grIZo Ho$ {d{dY AZw^dm| H$mo CnbãY H$amZm Mm{hE&
24. {H$ÊS>aJmQ>©Z àUmbr Ho$ OÝ‘XmVm h¢-
(3) H$R>moa AZwemgZ gw{ZpíMV H$aZm Mm{hE&
(1) ê$gmo (2) ’«$mo~ob
(4) narjmAm| H$s g§»¶m ~‹T>m XoZr Mm{hE&
(3) noñQ>mbm°Or (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
16. ì¶p³VJV {ejmWu EH$-Xÿgao go ........... ‘| {^ÝZ hmoVo h¢&
25. {dZo{Q>H$m àUmbr Ho$ OÝ‘XmVm h¢-
(1) {dH$mg H$s Xa
(1) H$mb©Q>Z dmedZ©
(2) {dH$mg-H«$‘
(2) Amo{dS> S>oH«$mobr
(3) {dH$mg H$s gm‘mݶ j‘Vm
(3) S>ãë¶y. E. ~Q>©
(4) d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {gÕmÝVm|
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
(4) (1) (2) (3) (4) (3) (2) (1) (2) (4) (2) (4) (2) (4) (4) (2) (1)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 158 ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE± àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
26. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVmAm| H$s 33. g’$b Ed§ à^mdr {ejU Ho$ {b¶o Amdí¶H$ h¡-
CËn{Îm ‘| AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$s ^y{‘H$m H$mo gdm©{YH$ ‘hÎd {X¶m? (1) ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m kmZ
(1) dmQ>gZ Zo (2) JmëQ>Z Zo (2) AnZo doVZ H$m kmZ
(3) {~Zo Zo (4) dwÊQ Zo> (3) ghH$‘u H$s ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m kmZ
(4) Cnamo³V g^r H$m kmZ
27. ‘mZd Om{V ‘| do H$m¡Zgo d¡¶p³VH$ {ZYm©aH$ VÎd hmoVo h¢, Omo ‘mZd
Om{V H$s {d{dYVm H$mo ~VmVo h¢? 34. {H$gr ~mbH$ ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm H$m H$maU Zht h¡-
(1) n¶m©daU H$m AÝVa (1) d§emZwH«$‘ (2) n[an³dVm
(2) AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$m AÝVa (3) dmVmdaU (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(3) AmZwd§{eH$Vm d n¶m©daU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m
35. {H$gr ~mbH$ H$s Am¶w ‘| d¥{Õ hmoZo Ho$ gmW-gmW Cg‘| CËnÝZ hmoZo
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
dmbr d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m à‘wI H$maU h¡-
28. ‘Zmo{dkmZ Zo N>mÌm| H$s j‘VmAm| Ed§ {^ÝZVmAm| H$m {díbofU H$aHo$ (1) emar[aH$ {dH$mg (2) ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
{ejm Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ¶moJXmZ {X¶m h¡& Cn¶w³© V ‘V {ZåZ ‘| go {H$gH$m (3) g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg (4) ¶o g^r

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h¡?
36. AܶmnH$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶p³VJV ^oX H$mo {H$gHo$ Ûmam g~go Cn¶w³V
(1) S>o{dg H$m
(2) dmQ>gZ H$m
T>§J go ‘mn gH$Vm h¡?
(1) {dÚm{W©¶m| go {Z~ÝY {bIdmH$a
(3) ñQ>mCa H$m
(2) ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ narjU Ûmam
(4) pñH$Za H$m
(3) {dÚmb¶ Ho$ narjmAm| Ho$ n[aUm‘ XoIH$a
29. AmnHo$ {dMma ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm EH$ d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm (4) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo dmX-{ddmX à{V¶mo{JVm ‘| ^mJ {XbmH$a
H$m H$maU Zht h¡?
37. ‘mZd ñd^md ‘| ì¶p³VJV {^ÝZVm na {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gH$m
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(1) Om{V
(2) dmVmdaU
à^md n‹S>Vm h¡? ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
(1) AÝVamgJu J«pÝW¶m| H$m nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
(3) OZg§»¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
(2) eara agm¶Z H$m àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(4) b¢{JH$ ^oX www.praganya.org
(3) gm‘m{OH$-gm§ñH¥${VH$ n¶m©daU H$m na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
30. ~mbH$m| ‘| nm¶r OmZo dmbr OÝ‘OmV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm¶r (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&

à‘wI H$maH$ H$m¡Zgm h¡?

38. ì¶p³VJV ^oXm| H$mo kmV H$aZo H$s {d{Y h¡-
(1) n¶m©daU (2) d§emZwH«$‘
(1) ~w{Õ‘mnH$ narjmE±
(3) g‘mO (4) Om{V-Y‘©
(2) kmZmO©Z ‘mnH$ narjmE±
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31. ~mbH$m| ‘| àm¶… e¡{jH$ CnbpãY Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ^r d¡¶p³VH$ (3) ì¶p³V‘mnH$ Ed§ g§doJmË‘H$ narjmE±
{d{^ÝZVmE± nmB© OmVr h¢& BgHo$ ³¶m H$maU hmo gH$Vo h¢? (4) Cnamo³V g^r
(1) ê${M Ed§ {ZX}eZ 39. ‘mZ{gH$ {d^oX Ho$ AÝVJ©V Zht AmVm h¡-
(2) g§doJmË‘H$ g‘ñ¶mE± Ed§ Ambñ¶ (1) ñd^mdJV ^oX
(3) ~m¡{ÕH$ ¶mo½¶VmE±, nyd© AZw^d Ed§ àoaUm (2) ê${M gå~ÝYr ^oX
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r (3) AmÝV[aH$ ^oX
32. EH$ AܶmnH$ {H$gr ^r g‘yh ‘| g‘wXm¶ AmYm[aV ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| (4) emar[aH$ g§aMZm gå~ÝYr ^oX
H$mo g‘P gH$Vm h¡- 40. ‘Zmo emar[aH$ Ag‘mZVmAm| H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡-
(1) Am±Im| Ho$ gånH©$ Ho$ AmYma na (1) ì¶p³V (2) g‘m¶moOZ
(2) ~w{Õ Ho$ AmYma na (3) ^½Zmem (4) ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm
(3) ^mfm Ed§ A{^ì¶p³V Ho$ AmYma na
(4) J¥h H$m¶© Ho$ AmYma na
26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
(2) (3) (1) (3) (2) (4) (3) (1) (4) (4) (2) (4) (4) (4) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE± n¥îR> 159

41. emar[aH$ ê$n go ì¶p³V-ì¶p³V Ho$ ‘ܶ Omo {^ÝZVm {XImB© XoVr h¡, 47. ~mbH$ J{UV Am¡a {dkmZ ‘| AmJo hmoVo h¢,O~{H$ ~m{bH$mE± ^mfm Am¡a
dh H$hbmVr h¡- gwÝXa hñVboI ‘|& ³¶m|? ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15
(1) ì¶p³VËd (2) gm‘m{OH$ Ag‘mZVm (1) ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ H$maU {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo
gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s
(3) AmÝV[aH$ {d{^ÝZVm (4) ~mø {d{^ÝZVm (2) ê${M Ho$ H$maU PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(3) g§doJ Ho$ H$maU www.praganya.org
42. ~mø ê$n go Xmo ì¶p³V EH$ g‘mZ h¢, bo{H$Z do Aݶ AmÝV[aH$ (4) {MÝVZ Ho$ H$maU go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
¶mo½¶VmAmo§ H$s ÑpîQ> go g‘ê$n Zht h¢& Eogr ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm
H$hbmVr h¡- 48. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$mo§ Ho$ AZwê$n {ejm H$s ì¶dñWm H$aZm d¡¶p³VH$
(1) ì¶p³VËd {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m$ H$m¡Zgm H$maU h¡?
(2) AmÝV[aH$ {d{^ÝZVm (1) O¡{dH$ H$maU
(3) ~mø {d{^ÝZVm (2) d¡km{ZH$ H$maU
(4) gm‘m{OH$ Ag‘mZVm (3) e¡{jH$ H$maU
(4) gm‘m{OH$ ‘hÎd
43. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ {‘bZ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| EH$ AܶmnH$ H$s ^y{‘H$m
hmoZr Mm{hE- 49. EH$ g‘yh Ho$ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘|, g‘yhm| H$s Am¡gV go ‘mZ{gH$ AWdm
(1) ì¶p³V Ho$ ÑpîQ>H$moU, A{^ê${M Am¡a ¶mo½¶Vm H$mo OmZZo H$m à¶mg emar[aH$ {deofVmAm| H$m {dMbZ hr ì¶p³VJV {^ÝZVm h¡& ¶h H$WZ
(2) ì¶p³V AmYm[aV nmR²>¶H«$‘m| H$mo CZH$s Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$ AZwgma OmZZo {H$g {dÛmZ go gå~pÝYV h¡?
H$s H$mo{ee (1) ë¶yZm Q>mBba go
(3) (1) d (2) XmoZm| (2) S´>oda go
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) am°~Q>© J¡½Zo go
(4) ñH$sZa go
44. à˶oH$ {ejmWu ñd¶§ ‘| {d{eîQ> h¡& BgH$m AW© h¡ {H$-
(1) {ejm{W©¶m| ‘| Z Vmo H$moB© g‘mZ {deofVmE± hmoVr h¢ Am¡a Z hr CZHo$ bú¶ 50. gh-e¡j{UH$ joÌm| ‘| {ZînmXZ Ho$ AmYma na e¡j{UH$ joÌm| ‘| {ZînmXZ
g‘mZ hmoVo h¢& Ho$ ñVa H$mo ~‹T>mZo H$m Am¡{M˶ ñWmnZ {H$g AmYma na {H$¶m Om
(2) g^r {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ {bE EH$g‘mZ nmR²>¶M¶m© gå^d Zht h¡& gH$Vm h¡?
(3) EH$ {df‘ê$nr H$jm ‘| {ejm{W©¶m| H$s j‘VmAm| H$mo {dH${gV H$aZm (1) ¶h d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVmAm| H$mo gÝVwîQ> H$aVm h¡&
Agå^d h¡& (2) ¶h hm{e¶mH¥$V {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ {bE à{VnyaH$ ^oX^md H$r Zr{V H$m
(4) H$moB© ^r Xmo {ejmWu AnZr ¶mo½¶VmAm|, ê${M¶m| Am¡a à{V^mAm| ‘| AZwJ‘Z H$aVm h¡&
EH$g‘mZ Zht hmoVo& (3) ¶h gmd©^m¡{‘H$ YmaUm H$mo gw{ZpíMV H$aVm h¡&
(4) ¶h hmW go {H$E OmZo dmbo l‘ Ho$ à{V gå‘mZ {dH${gV H$aVm h¡&
45. ‘m°ÊQ>ogar àUmbr H$m {dH$mg ‘ÝX-~w{Õ Am¡a gw{dYmhrZ ~mbH$m| Ho$
{bE ........... H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIVo hþE {H$¶m J¶m Wm& 51. Amn XoIVo h¢ {H$ EH$ N>mÌ ~w{Õ‘mZ h¡& Amn-
(1) {ejm Ho$ gmYZm| Ho$ A^md (1) CgHo$ gmW gÝVwîQ> ah|Jo&
(2) d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm (2) Cgo A{V[a³V J¥hH$m¶© Zht X|Jo&
(3) ^oX^md H$mo g‘mßV H$aZo H$s BÀN>m (3) dh O¡go A{YH$ àJ{V H$a gHo$, Cg Vah go Cgo AZwào[aV H$a|Jo&
(4) {ejm H$mo ì¶dgm¶ H$m ê$n XoZo (4) CgHo$ A{^^mdH$m| H$mo gy{MV H$a|Jo {H$ dh ~w{Õ‘mZ h¡&

46. {ñH$Za Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³VJV ^oXm| Ho$ ñdê$n H$m kmZ Amdí¶H$ h¡& 52. {ejU A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m ‘| ì¶p³VJV ê$n go ܶmZ XoZm ‘hÎdnyU© h¡,
¶h {H$gHo$ {b¶o H$hm J¶m h¡? ³¶m|{H$-
(1) àmYmZmMm¶© Ho$ {b¶o (1) {ejU à{ejU H$m¶©H«$‘m| ‘| Eogm hr ~Vm¶m J¶m h¡&
(2) AmMm¶© Ho$ {b¶o (2) Bggo à˶oH$ {ejmWu H$mo AZwem{gV H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$m| H$mo ~ohVa
(3) ZoVm Ho$ {b¶o Adga {‘bVo h¢&
(4) àemgH$ Ho$ {b¶o (3) ~ÀMm| H$s {dH$mg Xa {^ÝZ hmoVr h¡ Am¡a do {^ÝZ VarH$m| go grI gH$Vo h¢&
(4) {ejmWu h‘oem g‘yhm| ‘| hr ~ohVa grIVo h¢&

41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52.
(4) (2) (3) (4) (2) (2) (1) (3) (2) (1) (3) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 160 ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE± àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
53. ¶{X Hw$N> {dÚmWu H$jm ‘| Aܶ¶Z H$s {MÎmd¥{Îm ‘| Zht h¢, Vmo Amn- 58. Amn AnZr H$jm ‘| AnZo {ejU Ho$ Xm¡amZ H$‹S>r ‘ohZV H$aVo h¢, {’$a
(1) CÝh| Aܶ¶Z Ho$ {bE ~mܶ H$a|Jo& ^r AmnH$s H$jm ‘| H$m’$s {d{^ÝZVm {XImB© n‹S>Vr h¡& BgH$m H$maU
(2) CZ {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo H$jm N>mo‹S>Zo Ho$ {bE H$h|Jo& ³¶m hmo gH$Vm h¡?
(3) CÝho§ MoVmdZr X|Jo {H$ do Adí¶ Aܶ¶Z H$a| Zht, Vmo Amn àYmZmܶmnH$ (1) AmnH$s H$jm Ho$ Hw$N> N>mÌ H$jm ‘| gmo OmVo h¢&
H$mo gy{MV H$a X|Jo& (2) AmnH$s H$jm Ho$ Hw$N> N>mÌ AmnH$mo ngÝX Zht H$aVo h¢&
(4) CÝh| CZH$s ê${M AWdm Amn AnZo {df¶ Ho$ AZwgma ê${MnyU© MrO| (3) {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ N>mÌm| ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ JwU {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ hmoVo h¢&
~VmE±Jo& (4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
54. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma 59. Amn AnZr H$jm Ho$ N>mÌm| ‘| n[an³dVm H$m AdbmoH$Z H$aZo na nmVo h¢
H$s{OE- {H$ Hw$N> N>mÌ Am¶w Ho$ nhbo n[an³dVm àmßV H$a MwHo$ h¢, O~{H$ Hw$N>
1. g‘wXm¶ Ho$ AmYma na d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm XoIZo H$mo {‘bVr h¡& N>mÌ n[an³dVm àmßV H$aZo H$s Am¶w ‘| Vmo h¢, bo{H$Z CZ‘| n[an³dVm
2. ~w{Õ Ho$ AmYma na d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm gå^d h¡, {H$ÝVw g§doJ Ho AmYma Zhr§ h¡& BgH$m H$maU ³¶m hmo gH$Vm h¡?
na Zht& (1) H$jm ‘| CZHo$ ~¡R>Zo H$m H«$‘
3. g‘wXm¶ Ho$ AmYma na d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm gå^d h¡& (2) d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm

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Cnamo³V ‘| go H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ g˶ h¡/h¢? (3) {dÚmb¶ AmZo d OmZo Ho$ CZHo$ {^ÝZ gmYZ
(1) Ho$db 2 (2) 1 Ed§ 2 (4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(3) 1 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r
60. {ejm{W©¶m| ‘| ì¶p³VJV {^ÝZVmAm| H$mo gå~mo{YV H$aZo Ho$ {bE EH$
55. {dÚmb¶m| H$mo {H$gHo$ {bE d¡¶p³VH$ [^ÝZVmAm| H$mo nyam H$aZm Mm{hE?
{dÚmb¶ {H$g àH$ma H$m gh¶moJ CnbãY H$adm gH$Vm h¡?
(1) d¡¶p³VH$ {ejmWu H$mo {d{eîQ> hmoZo H$s AZw^y{V H$amZo H$o {bE
(1) g^r {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ {bE g‘mZ ñVa H$s nmR²>¶M¶m© H$m AZwJ‘Z H$aZm&
(2) d¡¶p³VH$ {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ ‘ܶ ImB© H$mo H$‘ H$aZo Ho$ {bE
(2) ~mb Ho$pÝÐV nmR²>¶M¶m© H$m nmbZ H$aZm Am¡a {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo grIZo Ho$
(3) {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ {ZînmXZ Am¡a ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$mo g‘mZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE
AZoH$ Adga CnbãY H$amZm&
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(4) ¶h g‘PZo Ho$ {bE {H$ ³¶m| {ejmWu grIZo Ho$ ¶mo½¶ ¶m A¶mo½¶ h¢&
(3) {ejm{W©¶m| ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVmAm| H$mo g‘mßV H$aZo Ho$ {bE ha gå^d
56. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ {dH$mg hoVw nyd© ‘mܶ{‘H$ H$jmAm| ‘| ~mbH$m| Cnm¶ H$aZm&
H$m {ejU {H$g àH$ma {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE? (4) Yr‘r J{V go grIZo dmbo {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo {deof {dÚmb¶m| ‘| ^oOZm&
1. Iob {d{Y Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ~mbH$m| H$mo J{UV VWm ^mfm H$m kmZ XoZm 61. AmnH$s H$jm H$m EH$ N>mÌ n‹T>Zo ‘| ~hþV VoO h¡& dh gmVdt H$jm
Mm{hE&
‘| hmoVo hþþE ^r Xgdt H$jm Ho$ {df¶m| H$mo AmgmZr go g‘P boVm h¡&
2. CÝh| Aja kmZ VWm JUZm H$s OmZH$mar àmaå^ go hr ‘m¡{IH$ ê$n go
CgH$m Bg d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm H$m H$maU h¡?
Xr OmZr Mm{hE&
(1) CgH$m {d{eîQ> emar[aH$ {dH$mg
3. {bIZo VWm {gImZo go nyd© ~ÀMm| go {MÌ ~ZdmE OmZo Mm{hE&
(2) CgH$m {d{eîQ> g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg
www.praganya.org

(1) Ho$db 1
(3) CgH$m {d{eîQ> g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg
(2) 1 Ed§ 3
(4) CgH$m {d{eîQ> gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg
(3) Ho$db 3
(4) ¶o g^r
*******
57. EH$ {e{jH$m AnZr H$jm Ho$ à{V^membr ~ÀMm| H$s ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$s
CnbpãY MmhVr h¡& AnZo CÔoí¶ H$s àm{ßV Ho$ {bE Cgo {ZåZ{b{IV
‘| go ³¶m Zht H$aZm Mm{hE?
(1) VZmd H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV H$aZm {gImZm
(2) {deof ܶmZ Ho$ {bE CÝh| CZHo$ g‘H${j¶m| go AbJ H$aZm
(3) CZH$s g¥OZmË‘H$Vm H$mo g‘¥Õ H$aZo Ho$ {bE CÝh| MwZm¡Vr XoZm
(4) J¡a-e¡j{UH$ J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| AmZÝX boZm {gImZm

53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61.

(4) (3) (4) (4) (2) (3) (2) (2) (2)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ ì¶p³VËd
Aܶm¶ 10
ì¶p³VËd
10.1 àñVmdZm
{ejm ‘Zmo{dkmZ ì¶p³VËd eãX H$m à¶moJ ì¶mnH$ ê$n go H$aVm h¡& à˶oH$
ì¶p³V ‘| Hw$N> Eogr {deofVmE± hmoVr h¢, {OZHo$ AmYma na dh n[apñW{V Ho$
à{V {d{^ÝZ à{V[H«$¶mE± àH$Q> H$aVm h¡& BÝht H$m gm‘y{hH$ Zm‘ ì¶p³VËd
h¡& ì¶[³VËd Eogo JwUm| H$m ¶moJ h¡, {OZHo$ H$maU H$moB© ì¶p³V AmH$f©H$ ¶m
AZmH$f©H$ {XIVm h¡&
Amn {H$gr ^r H$jm ‘| Mbo OmB¶o, ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr ^oX ñnîQ>
{XIbm¶r Xo Om¶|Jo& H$wN> ì¶p³V AnZo {dMmam| Ho$ à{V ~‹S>o AmemdmXr hmoVo h¢
Am¡a do {H$gr ^r n[aMMm© ‘| ~‹S>o CËgmh go ^mJ boVo h¡& Aݶ ì¶p³V Xã~y
hmoVo h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> ^r ~mobZo go K~amVo h¢& EH$ {dÚmWu gd©Wm AZ‘Zr¶ hmoVm
h¡ Am¡a AnZo {dMmam| ‘| Hw$N> ^r n[adV©Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE V¡¶ma Zht hmoVm& Xÿgam
{dÚmWu BVZm Mbm¶‘mZ hmoVm h¡, {H$ CgHo$ AnZo H$moB© {dMma Zht hmoVo& dh
Omo Hw$N> ^r gwZVm h¡, Cgo hr g˶ ‘mZ boVm h¡&
10.2 ì¶p³VËd H$m AW©
nmíMm˶ Xoem| ‘| ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr {^ÝZ {dMmaYmamE± nmB© OmVr h¡& ì¶p³VËd
A§J«oOr Ho$ ng©ZoëQ>r eãX H$m ê$nmÝVa h¡& A§J«oOr Ho$ ng©ZoëQ>r eãX H$s CËn[Îm
¶yZmZr ^mfm Ho$ ngm}Zm eãX go hþB©, {OgH$m AW© h¡- ZH$m~ ¶m ‘wIm¡Q>m
AWm©V ZH$br Moham& ¶yZmZr bmoJ ZH$m~ nhZH$a ‘§M na A{^Z¶ H$aVo
Wo, Vm{H$ Xe©H$JU ¶h Z OmZ gHo$ {H$ A{^Z¶ H$aZo dmbm H$m¡Z h¡- Xmg,
{dXÿfH$, amOHw$‘ma, amOm, amZr ¶m amOZV©H$s& A{^Z¶ H$aZo dmbo {Og àH$ma
Ho$ nmÌ H$m nmR> ¶m A{^Z¶ H$aVo Wo, Cgr àH$ma H$m ZH$m~ YmaU H$a boVo
Wo& Bg àH$ma ¶yZmZ ‘| àmaå^ ‘| ì¶p³VËd H$m AW© ì¶p³V Ho$ ~mø ñdê$n go
{b¶m OmVm Wm, naÝVw H$mbmÝVa ‘| ì¶p³VËd Ho$ AÝVJ©V ì¶p³V Ho$ AmÝV[aH$
ñdê$n H$mo ^r gpå‘{bV {H$¶m OmZo bJm& ì¶p³VËd ‘| EH$ ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ Z Ho$db
emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ JwUm| H$m A{nVw CgHo$ gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m ^r g‘mdoe
hmoVm h¡& Bgr{bE ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ ì¶p³VËd-‘mZd Ho$ JwUm|,
bjUm|, j‘VmAm|, {deofVmAm| Am{X H$s g§J{R>V BH$mB© h¡& ¶hr H$maU h¡ {H$
ì¶p³VËd H$mo AmO VH$ {H$gr {ZpíMV AW© go gå~ÝY Zhr§ {H$¶m Om gH$m
h¡ Am¡a Z {H$gr {Z[íMV gr‘m ‘| ~m±Ym Om gH$Vm h¡& gmYmaUV… ¶h ñdrH$ma
{H$¶m OmVm h¡ {H$ ì¶p³VËd {d{MÌ h¡, O{Q>b h¡, ì¶m»¶m go nao h¡&
10.3 ì¶p³VËd H$s n[a^mfmE±
{d{^ÝZ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ì¶p³VËd H$s Omo n[a^mfmE± Xr h¢, CÝho§ {ZåZ àH$ma
춳V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
n¥îR> 161
1. S>¡{e¶b Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶p³VËd ì¶p³V Ho$ g^r ì¶dhmam| H$m dh g‘m¶mo{OV g§H$bZ h¡, Omo CgHo$
gh¶mo{J¶m| ‘| ñnîQ> ê$n go {XIbm¶r Xo&
2. EbnQ>© Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶p³VËd, ì¶p³V ‘| CZ ‘ZmoX¡{hH$ AdñWmAm| H$m J˶mË‘H$ g§JR>Z h¡, {OZHo$
AmYma na ì¶p³V AnZo n[adoe Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ ñWm{nV H$aVm h¡&
3. S´oda Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶p³V Ho$ X¡{hH$, ‘mZ{gH$, Z¡{VH$ VWm gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| Ho$ J{Verb Am¡a gwg§J{R>V
g§JR>Z Ho$ {bE, ì¶p³VËd eãX H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
4. ~rg|O Ed§ ~rg|O Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶p³VËd, ‘Zwî¶ H$s AmXVm|, X¥pîQ>H$moUm| Am¡a bú¶m| H$m g§JR>Z h¡ Am¡a
àmUremñÌr¶, gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$maH$m| Ho$ g§¶w³V H$m¶© go CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡&
5. {~J VWm hÊQ> Ho$ AZwgma-
{H$gr ì¶p³V Ho$ g‘ñV ì¶dhma-à{V‘mZm| Am¡a CgH$s {deofVmAm| H$m ¶moJ hr
CgH$m ì¶p³VËd h¡&
6. ~mo[a¨J, b¢J’$sëS> VWm d¡ëS Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶p³VËd go A{^àm¶ h¡- ì¶{³V H$m AnZo n[adoe Ho$ gmW ñWm¶r VWm Anyd©
g‘m¶moOZ&
7. d¡bÝQ>mB©Z Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶p³VËd OÝ‘OmV Am¡a AmJ}Z àd¥[Îm¶m| H$m ¶moJ h¡&
8. dmaoZ Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶p³VËd ì¶{³V H$m gånyU© ‘mZ{gH$ g§JR>Z h¡, Omo CgHo$ {dH$mg H$s {H$gr ^r
AdñWm ‘| hmoVm h¡&
9. Wmn© VWm e‘wba Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶p³VËd EH$ O{Q>b VWm EH$sH¥$V à{H«$¶m h¡&
10. ‘Zw Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶p³VËd, ì¶p³V Ho$ gämr njm| H$m EH$ {d{eîQ> g§H$bZ hmoVm h¡, Omo CgHo$ gånyU©
ê$n H$mo Hw$N> nj, Aݶm| H$s Anojm A{YH$ {d{eîQ>Vm àXmZ H$aVo h¡&
11. ‘m°Q>Z© Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶p³VËd, ì¶p³V Ho$ OÝ‘OmV VWm A{O©V ñd^md, ‘yb-àd¥[Îm¶m|, ^mdZmAm| VWm
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 162 ì¶p³VËd
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
BÀN>mAm| Am{X H$m ¶moJ h¡&
BZ n[a^mfmAm| go ì¶p³VËd H$s {deofVmAm| na àH$me S>mbZo dmbo
{ZåZ{b{IV V϶ àH$Q> hmoVo h¢-
1. ¶h ì¶p³V H$s ‘ZmoX¡{hH$ AdñWmAm| H$m g§JR>Z h¡&
2. dmVmdaU, ì¶p³VËd H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡&
3. ¶h OÝ‘OmV VWm A{O©V àd¥[Îm¶m| H$m ¶moJ h¡&
4. dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW Anyd© g‘m¶moOZ h¡&
5. Bg‘| ì¶p³V Ho$ JR>Z, ì¶dhma Am{X H$m g§JR>Z h¡&
6. Bg‘| ì¶p³V Ho$ OrdZ Ho$ g^r nj gpå‘{bV hmoVo h¢&
10.4 ì¶p³VËd H$s {deofVmE±
‘mZd Ho$ ì¶p³VËd ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV {deofVmE± nm¶r OmVr h¢-
1. gm‘m{OH$Vm
‘mZd EH$ gm‘m{OH$ àmUr h¡, {OgH$m {dH$mg g‘mO ‘o§ ahH$a hr gå^d hmo
gH$Vm h¡& dh g‘mO go AbJ Zht ah gH$Vm& g‘mO ‘| ahH$a hr ì¶p³V
AÝV…{H«$¶m Ûmam AnZm gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$aVm h¡& ì¶p³V Ho$ g‘J« ì¶p³VËd
H$m {dH$mg g‘mO ‘| ahH$a hr ^br-^m±{V hmo gH$Vm h¡& AV… gm‘m{OH$Vm
ì¶p³VËd H$s EH$ à‘wI {deofVm h¡&
2. bú¶-àm{á H$s Amoa AJ«ga hmoZm
à˶oH$ ì¶p³V AnZo OrdZ ‘| H$moB© Z H$moB© CÔoí¶ AnZo gm‘Zo Adí¶ aIVm
h¡& {H$gr ‘Zwî¶ Zo AnZo gm‘Zo ³¶m bú¶ aIm h¡, CgHo$ à{V dh {H$VZm
gOJ h¡, CgH$s àm{á Ho$ {bE dh {H$VZm à¶mgerb h¡- BgH$mo XoIH$a hr
¶h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ì¶{³V ‘| ¶h {deofVm {H$g gr‘m VH$ h¡&
3. Amˑ-MoVZm
AmË‘-MoVZm go VmËn¶© h¡ AnZo ñd ¶m AnZo Ah§ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| gMoV hmoZm&
AmË‘-MoVZm Ho$ H$maU hr ì¶p³V Bg ~mV H$s Amoa {deof ܶmZ XoVm h¡ {H$
Aݶ bmoJ Cgo {H$g ÑpîQ> go XoIVo h¢& Cgo Bg ~mV H$m nVm hmoVm h¡ {H$ {H$g
H$maU go bmoJ CgH$s àe§gm H$aVo h¡ Am¡a {H$g H$maU go CgH$s {ZÝXm H$aVo
h¢& ~mbH$ ¶m new ‘| AmË‘-MoVZm H$m A^md hmoVm h¡, Bgr{bE CZHo$ gå~ÝY
‘| ¶h Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm {H$ CZH$m H$moB© AnZm ì¶p³VËd hmoVm h¢&
4. n[adoe Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ
g‘m¶moOZ H$m A{^àm¶ h¡- AnZo AmnH$mo n[adoe Ho$ ‘VmZwgma T>mbZm VWm
n[adoe H$mo AnZo AZwHy$b ~Zm boZm& g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ H$maU hr ì¶p³V AnZo
ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z H$aVm h¡& EH$ {dÚmWu, EH$ H$‘©Mmar, EH$ nwÌ, EH$ {nVm,
EH$ nËZr VWm EH$ n{V Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo XoIH$a ¶h AZw‘mZ bJm¶m Om gH$Vm
h¡ {H$ CÝhm|Zo n[adoe VWm n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ gmW H¡$gm g‘m¶moOZ {H$¶m h¡&
5. X¡{hH$ VWm ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶
EH$ AÀN>o ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {bE ¶h Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V H$m, Ohm± X¡{hH$
ñdmñ϶ AÀN>m hmo, dht dh ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go ^r ñdñW hmo, ³¶m|{H$ ‘mZd
‘mZmoX¡{hH$ Ord h¡&
àJʶ
6. AZdaV {dH$mg
ì¶p³VËd H$s EH$ àYmZ {deofVm h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| H$^r ^r ì¶dYmZ
Zht n‹S>Vm& dh AZdaV ê$n go Omar ahVm h¡& O~ go Ord H$m OÝ‘ hmoVm h¡,
Cg g‘¶ go boH$a ì¶p³V H$s ‘¥Ë¶w VH$, CgH$m {dH$mg {ZaÝVa Omar ahVm
h¡& Bgr ÑpîQ> H$mo gm‘Zo aIH$a J¡argZ, qH$JñQ>Z VWm ‘¡H$S>m°ZëS> Zo H$hm h¡-
ì¶p³VËd AZdaV {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ahVm h¡&
ì¶p³V H$m ¶h {dH$mg {d{^ÝZ {XemAm| O¡go- emar[aH$ {dH$mg,
d¡Mm[aH$ {dH$mg, AZw^d {dH$mg Am{X ‘| ~am~a hmoVm ahVm h¡&
7. AWmh CËgmh
EH$ AÀN>o ì¶p³VËd H$s gmVdt {deofVm h¡- CËgmh H$m hmoZm& OrdZ Ho$ H${R>Z
go H${R>Z g§Kf© ‘o§ ^r CËgmh go ¶w³V ì¶p³V H$^r K~amVm Zht& {dnarV go
{dnarV n[apñW{V H$mo MraVm hþAm, CËgmhr ì¶p³V g’$bVm àmá H$aVm h¡&
8. EH$Vm
¶h nhbo hr ~Vbm¶m Om MwH$m h¡ {H$ {d{^ÝZ X¡{hH$, ~m¡{ÕH$, Z¡{VH$, gm‘m{OH$
VWm g§doJm| H$m ¶moJ hr ì¶p³VËd h¡& ì¶p³V gXm EH$ BH$mB© Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$m¶©
H$aVm h¡& {Og àH$ma ì¶p³V H$s {d{^ÝZ kmZopÝжm± Am¡a ‘Z gmW-gmW H$m¶©
H$aVo h¢, Cgr àH$ma ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr {d{^ÝZ VÎd {‘bH$a H$m‘ H$aVo h¢&
10.5 ì¶p³VËd H$m dJuH$aU
{^ÝZ-{^ÝZ AZwemgZm| ‘| ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ àH$ma {Z{íMV {H$E JE
h¢& {H$gr EH$ AZwemgZ ‘| ^r ì¶p³VËd H$mo {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ê$nm| ‘| {d^m{OV
{H$¶m J¶m h¡& h‘ ¶hm± Ho$db ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ûmam {H$E JE Hw$N> ‘w»¶ dJuH$aU
H$m dU©Z H$a aho h¢&
10.5.1 emar[aH$ aMZm Ho$ AmYma na dJuH$aU
Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ì¶p³VËd H$m dJuH$aU ‘Zwî¶ H$s emar[aH$ aMZm Ho$
AmYma na {H$¶m h¡& BZ‘| go e¡ëS>Z Ûmam {H$E JE dJuH$aU H$s MMm© h‘
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ emar[aH$ aMZm gå~ÝYr {gÕmÝV Ho$ AÝVJ©V H$a MwHo$ h¢& ¶hm±
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H«o$M‘a Ûmam {H$¶m J¶m dJuH$aU àñVwV h¡ -
1. bå~H$m¶
Bg dJ© ‘| Ho«$M‘a Zo bå~o Am¡a Xþ~bo-nVbo ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡& ¶o ì¶p³V
àm¶… AbJ ahZm ngÝX H$aVo h¢ Am¡a Xÿgam| H$s AmbmoMZm ‘| AmZÝX boVo h¢,
naÝVw AnZr AmbmoMZm ghZ Zht H$aVo&
2. gwS>m¡bH$m¶
Bg dJ© ‘| H«o$M‘a Zo gm‘mݶ H$X Ho$ ñdñW Ed§ nwîQ>H$m¶ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm
h¡& BZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$m ì¶p³VËd gm‘mݶ hmoVm h¡& BZ‘| gm‘§Oñ¶ H$s j‘Vm
A{YH$ hmoVr h¡&
3. JmobH$m¶
Bg dJ© ‘| H«o$‘Ma Zo N>moQ>o H$X Ho$ ñdñW ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡& ¶o ì¶p³V àm¶…
Amam‘Vb~ hmoVo h¢ Am¡a {dZmoXr ñd^md Ho$ hmoVo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ
10.5.2 ñd^md Ho$ AmYma na dJuH$aU
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Jb¡Z Zo ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo CZHo$ ñd^md Ho$ AmYma na Mma dJm] ‘|
{d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡-
1. CJ« ñd^mdr
Bg dJ© ‘| Jb¡Z Zo ep³Vembr Ed§ CJ« ñd^md dmbo ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡& Bg
dJ© Ho$ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo H«$moY ~hþV erK« AmVm h¡&
2. {MÝVmJ«ñV
Bg dJ© ‘| Jb¡Z Zo {MÝVm go J«ñV ahZo dmbo ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡& Bg dJ© Ho$
ì¶p³V àm¶… CXmg ahVo h¢ Am¡a ~‹S>o Xã~y Ed§ {ZamemdmXr hmoVo h¢&
3. {Zê$Ëgmhr
Bg dJ© ‘| Jb¡Z Zo CËgmhhrZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡& Bg dJ© Ho$ ì¶p³V àm¶…
emÝV{චAm¡a Ambgr hmoVo h¢&
4. CËgmhr
Bg dJ© ‘| Jb¡Z Zo CËgmh go nyU© ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡& Bg dJ© Ho$ ì¶{³V
AmemdmXr Am¡a {H«$¶merb hmoVo h¢&
10.5.3 ‘yë¶m| Ho$ AmYma na dJuH$aU
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ñà|Oa Zo ‘yë¶m| H$mo N>… dJm} ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡ Am¡a CZHo$
AmYma na ì¶p³VËd H$mo ^r {ZåZ{b{IV N>… dJm} ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡-
1. g¡ÕmpÝVH$
Bg dJ© ‘| ñà|Oa Zo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡, Omo gX¡d kmZ àmá H$aZo Ho$
BÀNwH$ ahVo h¢, {gÕmÝVm| H$mo ‘hÎd XoVo h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> H$îQ> ghZH$a ^r AmXem}
H$m nmbZ H$aVo h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V àm¶… Aì¶mdhm[aH$ hmoVo h¢&
2. Am{W©H$
Bg dJ© ‘| ñà|Oa Zo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡, Omo ^m¡{VH$ gwIm| Ho$ BÀNw>H$
hmoVo h¢, YZ H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd XoVo h¢ Am¡a YZmO©Z Ho$ {bE Hw$N> ^r H$a gH$Vo
h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V àm¶… ì¶mdhm[aH$ hmoVo h¢&
3. gm‘m{OH$
Bg dJ© ‘| ñà|Oa Zo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡, Omo g‘mO Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ gå~ÝYm|
H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd XoVo h¢; X¶mbw, ˶mJr Am¡a namonH$mar hmoVo h¢, g‘mO godH$ Ed§
g‘mO gwYmaH$ hmoVo h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V ~hþV A{YH$ ì¶dhmaHw$eb hmoVo h¢&
4. amOZ¡{VH$
Bg dJ© ‘| ñà§oOa Zo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡, Omo amOH$m¶© ‘| ê${M boVo h¢,
amOgÎmm go Ow‹S>o ahZm MmhVo h¢ Am¡a amÁ¶ ‘| AnZr ^mJrXmar MmhVo h¢& Eogo
ì¶{³V amOZ¡{VH$ Xm±d-n|M ‘| ~‹S>o ‘m{ha hmoVo h¢&
5. Ym{‘©H$
Bg dJ© ‘| ñà|Oa Zo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡, Omo B©ída ‘| {dídmg H$aVo
h¢, X¡dr¶ àH$mon go S>aVo h¢ Am¡a AmܶmpË‘H$ ‘yë¶m| H$m nmbZ H$aVo h¢&
AmܶmpË‘H$ ‘yë¶m| H$m nmbZ H$aVo h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V àm¶… AmË‘gÝVmofr Ed§
namonH$mar hmoVo h¢&
ì¶p³VËd n¥îR> 163
6. gm¡ÝX¶m©Ë‘H$
Bg dJ© ‘| ñà|Oa Zo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡, Omo gm¡ÝX¶© {චhmoVo h¢& Eogo
ì¶p³V¶m| H$m PwH$md àm¶… H$bm, g§JrV, Ed§ Z¥Ë¶ Am{X H$s Amoa A{YH$ hmoVm
h¡&
10.5.4 gm‘m{OH$ AÝV…{H«$¶m Ho$ AmYma na dJuH$aU
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Ow§J Zo ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo CZH$s gm‘m{OH$ AÝV…{H«$¶m Ho$ ñdê$n Ho$
AmYma na {ZåZ{b{IV VrZ dJm©o ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡-
1. AÝV‘w©Ir
Bg dJ© ‘| Ow§J Zo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡ Omo AmË‘Ho$pÝÐV, AmË‘{MÝVH$,
EH$mÝV{චAm¡a g§H$moMr hmoVo h¢& gmW hr g§doXZerb, H$Îm©ì¶{ZîR> Am¡a
{‘V^mfr hmoVo h¡& Eogo ì¶p³V bmoH$ ì¶dhma ‘| àm¶… H$‘ Hw$eb hmoVo h¢&
2. ~{h‘w©Ir
Bg dJ© ‘| Ow§J Zo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡ Omo g‘mOHo$pÝÐV, ì¶mdhm[aH$,
gmh{gH$, {MÝVm‘w³V Am¡a AmemdmXr hmoVo h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶m] ‘|
ê${M boVo h¢ Am¡a bmoH${à¶Vm àmá H$aVo h¢&
3. C^¶‘wIr
{OZ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| AÝV‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd Ho$ A{YH$ bjU hmoVo h¢, CÝho§ AÝV‘w©Ir
dJ© ‘| aIVo h¢ Am¡a {OZ ‘| ~{h‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd Ho$ A{YH$ bjU hmoVo h¢, CÝh|
~{h‘w©Ir dJ© ‘| aIVo h¢ Am¡a {OZ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| AÝV‘w©Ir Ed§ ~{h‘w©Ir XmoZm|
ì¶p³VËdm| Ho$ bjU bJ^J g‘mZ ê$n go hmoVo h¢, CÝh| C^¶‘w»mr dJ© ‘| aIm
OmVm h¢&
10.5.5 g¥OZmË‘H$ ep³V Ho$ AmYma na dJuH$aU
Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo CZH$s g¥OZmË‘H$ ep³V Ho$ AmYma na Xmo
dJm©o ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡-
1. g¥OZmË‘H$
{OZ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| brH$ go hQ>H$a MbZo, Hw$N> Z¶m gmoMZo Ed§ H$aZo H$r BÀN>m
Ed§ ep³V XmoZm| hmoVr h¢ Am¡a do d¡gm H$aVo ^r h¢, CÝh| g¥OZmË‘H$ ì¶p³V
H$hVo h¢& na ¶h gmoM Ed§ H$m¶© gX¡d gH$mamË‘H$ Ed§ àJ{Verb hmoZo Mm{hE&
g¥OZerb ì¶p³V g§doXZerb hmoVo h¢, CZ‘| ZdrZVm Ed§ ‘m¡{bH$Vm Ho$ à{V
AmH$f©U hmoVm h¡, CZHo$ {MÝVZ ‘| àdmh hmoVm h¡ Am¡a do ñdVÝÌ {ZU©¶ boZo ‘|
gj‘ hmoVo h¢ Am¡a àJ{Verb hmoVo h¢&
2. Ag¥OZmË‘H$
Omo ì¶p³V Z H$^r Z¶m gmoMVo h¢ Am¡a Z H$^r Hw$N> Z¶m H$aVo h¢ Am¡a Omo h¡
Cgr H$m AZwgaU H$aVo h¢, CÝh| Ag¥OZmË‘H$ ì¶p³V H$hVo h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V¶m|
‘| ñdVÝÌ {MÝVZ H$s j‘Vm Zht hmoVr, ¶o Xÿgam| na {Z^©a H$aVo h¢ Am¡a
ê${‹T>dmXr hmoVo h¢&
10.5.6 g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ AmYma na dJuH$aU
A{YH$Va ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ì¶p³VËd H$mo g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| boVo h¢& à˶oH$
ì¶p³V Hw$N> OÝ‘OmV ep³V¶m± boH$a n¡Xm hmoVm h¡& O~ dh AnZo ~mø n¶m©daU
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 164 ì¶p³VËd
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| AmVm h¢, Vmo Cgo AZoH$ ~mø ep³V¶m| Ed§ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m gm‘Zm
H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& ì¶{³V H$mo AnZr O¡{dH$ Ed§ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s
ny{V© hoVw BZ n¶m©daUr¶ ep³V¶m| Ed§ g‘ñ¶mAm| go nma nmZm hmoVm h¡& Bg hoVw
dh Omo à¶ËZ H$aVm h¡ Cgo g‘m¶moOZ H$hVo h¢& ¶h g‘m¶moOZ [^ÝZ-{^ÝZ
‘Zwî¶ {^ÝZ-[^ÝZ àH$ma go H$aVo h¢& Bg AmYma na ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo AJ«{b{IV
Xmo dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m OmVm h¡-
1. gwg‘m¶mo{OV
Omo ì¶{³V AnZr AmÝV[aH$ Ed§ ~mø ep³V¶m| Ed§ ‘m±Jm| ‘| gÝVwbZ ~ZmZo ‘|
g‘W© hmoVo h¢, CÝh| gwg‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³VËd H$hm OmVm h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V¶m| H$m
ì¶dhma ~hþV gÝVw{bV hmoVm h¡ Am¡a g‘mO gå‘V hmoVm h¡&
2. Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV
Omo ì¶p³V AnZr AmÝV[aH$ Ed§ ~mø ep³V¶m| Ed§ ‘m±Jm| ‘| gÝVwbZ Zht ~Zm
nmVo h¢ Am¡a BYa ¶m CYa PwH$ OmVo h¢ ¶m {H$gr Aݶ Amoa PwH$ OmVo h¢,
CÝh| Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³VËd H$hm OmVm h¡& Eogo ì¶p³V¶m| H$m ì¶dhma ~‹S>m
AgÝVw{bV hmoVm h¡ Am¡a àm¶… Agm‘m{OH$ hmoVm h¡&
10.6 ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {gÕmÝV
ì¶p³VËd H$m Aܶ¶Z ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ {bE An[ahm¶© A§J hmo J¶m h¡& gM
Vmo ¶h h¡ {H$ ‘mZd H$m ì¶p³VËd EH$ Zht, AZoH$ H$maH$m| go {Z{‘©V hmoVm h¢&
d¡¶p³VH$ YmaUmAm| Ho$ AmYma na hr ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr {gÕmÝVm| H$m {Zê$nÊm
hþAm h¡& ¶o {gÕmÝV g§jon ‘| àñVwV {H$¶o Om aho h¢-
10.6.1 ‘Zmo{díbofUmË‘H$ {gÕmÝV
Bg ‘V Ho$ à{VnmXH$ {gJ‘§S> ’«$m¶S> h¢& ’«$m¶S> Ho$ AZwgma, ì¶p³VËd H$m
{Z‘m©U BS²>, BJmo VWm gwna BJmo Ho$ Ûmam hmoVm h¡& BS²> H$mo gm‘mݶ Ah§ Ho$, BJmo
H$mo Ah§ Ho$ VWm gwna BJmo H$mo Z¡{VH$ ‘V Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| à¶w³V {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
BS²>, AMoVZ ‘Z h¢, {Og‘| ‘yb àd¥[Îm¶m± Ed§ Z¡g{J©H$ BÀN>mE± ahVr h¢& ¶o erK«
V¥{á MmhVr h¢& BJmo MoVZm, BÀN>m-ep³V, ~w{Õ VWm VH©$ h¢& gwna BJmo AmXem}
go {Z{‘©V hmoVm h¡& ’«$m¶S> Zo BJmo Ho$ {df¶ ‘| H$hm h¡-
BJmo, BS²> H$m dh ^mJ h¡ Omo ~mø g§gma Ho$ AZw‘mZ VWm gå^mdZm go n[aîH¥$V
hmoVm h¡ Am¡a CgH$m H$mbmÝVa ‘| à^md ^r n‹S>Vm h¡, Omo àmUr H$mo CÔrnZ H$aZo Ed§
CgHo$ BX©-{JX© O‘r naV Ho$ A§e Ho$ ê$n ‘| ì¶má ahVm h¡&
Bgr àH$ma gwna BJmo Ho$ {df¶ ‘| H$hm h¡-
gwna BJmo, BJmo H$m dh nj h¡ Omo AmË‘-{ZarjU H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo gå^d ~ZmVm h¡,
{Ogo gm‘mݶ ê$n ‘| MoVZm H$hVo h¢&
Bg àH$ma ‘mZd ì¶p³VËd H$m {Z‘m©U BÝht VÎdm| go hmoVm h¡& ¶o VÎd
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ AZoH$ ê$n àH$Q> H$aVo h¢&
10.6.2 aMZm {gÕmÝV
Bg ‘V Ho$ à{VnmXH$ e¡bS>m°Z h¢& e¡bS>m°Z Zo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ VrZ àmW{‘H$
AmYma ~VmE h¢-
àJʶ
1. JmobmH¥${V
Bg àH$ma H$o ì¶p³VËd dmbo ‘Zwî¶ Jmob JX©Z VWm ‘m±gno{e¶m| go nyU© {dH${gV
hmoVo h¢& M~u H$m ~‹T>Zm Am{X JwUm| go ¶w³V Eogo ì¶p³V H$m ì¶p³VËd AbJ
àH$Q> hmoVm h¢&
2. Am¶VmH¥${V
Bg àH$ma Ho$ ì¶p³VËd ‘| h{È>¶m| VWm ‘m±gno{e¶m| H$m {dH$mg n[ab{jV hmoVm
h¢&
3. bå~mH¥${V
Bg àH$ma Ho$ ì¶p³VËd ‘§o Ho$ÝÐr¶ ñZm¶w g§ñWmZ Ho$ ‘m±gnoer¶ VÝVw {dH${gV
hmoVo h¢&
Bg ‘V Ho$ AZwgma eara Ho$ {d{^ÝZ A§Jm| H$mo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {Z‘m©U H$m
AmYma ‘mZm OmVm h¡&
10.6.3 à{VH$maH$ àUmbr [gÕmÝV
Bg ‘V H$o à{VnmXH$ Ama.~r.H¡$Q>b h¢& ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {df¶ ‘| BZH$m H$WZ h¡-
ì¶p³V Omo {H$gr {deof n[apñW{V ‘| Omo ^r H$m¶© H$aVm h¡, CgH$m à{Vê$n hr
ì¶p³VËd h¢&
H¡$Q>b Zo M[aÌ H$mo AZoH$ H$maH$m| go ¶w³V ~Vm¶m h¡& CZHo$ AZwgma- M[aÌ
H$s gwÝXaVm AWm©V², ^mdmË‘H$ EH$Vm, gm‘m{OH$Vm, H$ënZmerbVm, A{^àoaH$,
CËgwH$Vm, bmnadmhr Am{X à{VH$maH$ M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo h¢&
H¡$Q>b Zo AmJo H$hm h¡ {H$-
EH$ AmÝV[aH$ ‘ZmoX¡{hH$ pñW{V Omo ì¶p³V H$mo à{V[H«$¶m (AdYmZ, A[^kmZ)
H$aZo H$s AZwkm XoVr h¡, dh ^r CÔoí¶m| Ho$ dJm] go, {deof g§doJm| Ho$ AZw^d àmá H$aVr
h¡ Ed§ H$m¶m] H$mo nyU© ê$n go H$aZo Ho$ {bE A{^ào[aV H$aVo h¢& BgHo$ A{V[a³V BZ
à{V‘mZm| ‘o§ Eogo ì¶dhma H$mo àmW{‘H$Vm Xr OmVr h¡, Omo {H$ CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á H$aVo h¢&
10.6.4 Am°bnmoQ>© H$m {gÕmÝV
JmoS>©Z S>ãë¶y. Am°bnmoQ>© Zo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|, Omo {gÕmÝV à{Vnm{XV
{H$¶m h¡, dh d§eH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU, d¡¶p³VH$ ^oX Am{X na AmYm[aV h¢&
Am°bnmoQ>© Zo d§eH«$‘ Ûmam {ZYm©[aV ì¶p³VËd Ho$ O{Q>b {‘lU Ho$ à{V ݶm¶
H$aZo, ñd^md, gm‘m{OH$ VWm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$maUm| Ho$ à{V ݶm¶ H$aZo na
~b {X¶m h¡& gmW hr ì¶p³VËd H$s ZdrZVm H$mo ‘mݶVm XoZo na ^r ~b {X¶m
h¡, Omo AZoH$ gåàXm¶m| VWm ì¶p³VËdm| ‘| {dÚ‘mZ hmoVr h¡& ì¶p³VËd H$mo
{ZYm©[aV H$aZo dmbr àd¥[Îm¶m|, {deofVmAm| VWm dmVmdaU Ho$ à{V g‘m¶moOZ
go ì¶p³VËd H$m {ZYm©aU hmoVm h¡&
10.6.5 ‘wa} H$m {gÕmÝV
EM. E. ‘wa} Zo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| H$hm h¡-
ì¶p³VËd H$m¶m©Ë‘H$ ê$n Ed§ ep³V¶m| H$s {ZaÝVaVm h¡, Omo g§J{R>V à{H«$¶m Ho$ ê$n
‘| OÝ‘ go ‘¥Ë¶w VH$ ~{h‘w©Ir hmoH$a àH$Q> hmoVr h¡& Bg ‘V Ho$ AZwgma H$m¶m©Ë‘H$
ê$nm| H$s {ZaÝVaVm G$UmË‘H$ VWm YZmË‘H$ A{^{Zdoe gå~ÝY, ‘V^oX, g{H«$¶Vm,
{ZpîH«$¶Vm Am{X H$m ¶moJ H$a ì¶p³VËd H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVr h¡&
Bg ‘V na H${Vn¶ Amamon ^r h¢, O¡go- AMoVZ {ZYm©aH$m| H$m ì¶dhma
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ
na à^md, A{YJ‘ H$s ^y{‘H$m, A{^àoaUm H$s pñW{V ì¶p³VËd na à^md
S>mbVr h¡ Am¡a CgH$s A{^ì¶p³V H$m H$maU ~ZVr h¡&
10.7 ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ H$maH$ ¶m VÎd
VÎd Ho$ {df¶ ‘| AmbnmoQ© H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ ¶h ‘ZmoX¡{hH$ g§JR>Z h¡& à˶oH$
ì¶{³V, ì¶p³VËd eãX go n¥WH²$-n¥WH²$ Ame¶ bJmVm h¡& H$moB© eara gm¡îR>d
H$mo ì¶p³VËd ‘mZVm h¡ Vmo H$moB© ~mVMrV Ho$ à^mdembr T>§J H$mo, H$moB© ghmZw^y{V
ì¶dhma VWm ghm¶Vm H$aZo H$mo, gX¡d VËna ì¶{³V H$mo à^mdembr ì¶p³VËd
Ho$ ê$n ‘| boVm h¡ Vmo H$moB© AmH$f©H$ n[aYmZ Am¡a H$bmË‘H$ ‘oH$An H$mo
ì¶p³VËd H$s loUr ‘| bmVo h¢& {‘eob Zo H$hm h¡-
{dMma Am¡a g§doJm| g{hV ì¶{³VËd, ì¶dhma H$s {d{eîQ>Vm H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVm
h¡& ¶h pñW{V dmVmdaU ‘| CgHo$ g‘m¶moOZ H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVr h¡&
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg na à^md S>mbZo dmbo à‘wI H$maH$ {ZåZ{b{IV
h¢-
1. emar[aH$ à^md
eara Ho$ ñZm¶w‘ÊS>b Am¡a {H«$¶mAm| H$m ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg na Aà˶j à^md
n‹S>Vm h¡& emar[aH$ H$‘r H$m ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd na à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& ‘Zwî¶ H$s
~w{Õ, ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm, ‘mZ{gH$ Xþ~©bVm ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVo
h¢& Xþ~©b ì¶{³V H$m ì¶p³VËd nyU©V… {dH${gV Zht hmoVm&
2. d§e naånam
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ ì¶dhma ‘| d§e-naånam H$m à^md H$‘ {XImB©
n‹S>Vm h¡& ñH$m°Q> Ho$ AZwgma-
BgH$s ^y{‘H$m Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| d§e naånam na à^md S>mbZo dmbo VÎdm| Ho$ {ZYm©aH$m|
H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& AZwH$aUerbVm Bg‘| nmB© OmVr h¡& d§eH«$‘ H$m g‘ñV kmZ
d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm H$mo àH$Q> H$aVm h¡&
d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ AmYma na ~hþV go ì¶p³V CËWmZ Zht H$a nmVo& {~«{Q>e
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ‘mZVo h¢ {H$ ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ hr {deof ¶moJ XoVm h¡&
3. dmVmdaU H$m à^md
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg na g~go A{YH$ à^md dmVmdaU H$m n‹S>Vm h¡& OÝ‘ go
hr ‘mZd {ZpíMV dmVmdaU ‘| ahVm h¡& CgH$mo O¡gm dmVmdaU {‘boJm, d¡go hr
CgH$s {deofVmAm| H$m {dH$mg hmoJm& Ka Ho$ AmXe©, ar{V-[admO, ~mob-Mmb
g^r ~mV| ~ÀMo Ho$ ì¶p³VËd na à^md S>mbVr h¡& dmVmdaU Xmo ê$nm| ‘| à^md
S>mbVm h¡-
1. gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU- gm‘m{OH$ AdñWm H$m ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg
na g~go A{YH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& S>bS>© H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ ‘Zwî¶ H$m
ì¶p³Ëd g‘mO Ho$ dmVmdaU go Jy±Wm hmoVm h¡& bm°aoÝg Ho$ AZwgma-
g§ñH¥${V dh AmYma ^y{‘ h¡, {Oggo ì¶p³V {dH${gV hmoVm h¡& gm‘m{OH$
dmVmdaU ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| {deof hmW ~±Q>mVm h¡&
2. gm§ñH¥${VH$ gå¶H²$- ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| CgH$s
gä¶Vm, ahZ-ghZ H$m T>§J ^r {deof ¶moJ XoVm h¡& ‘Zwî¶ Ho$
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg na gä¶Vm H$s A{‘Q> N>mn ahVr h¡&
ì¶p³VËd n¥îR> 165
4. ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ AZw^d
~më¶H$mb Ho$ AZw^d ñWm¶r ê$n go ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m A§J ~Z OmVo
h¢& ‘mVm-{nVm H$m VWm Ka Ho$ Aݶ gXñ¶m| H$m ì¶dhma ~ÀMo Ho$ {dH${gV
‘pñVîH$ na à^md S>mbVm h¡& ñQ>mQ>© Ho$ AZwgma-
{H$emoa Ho$ ì¶p³VËd na ‘mVm-{nVm, Ka Ho$ gXñ¶, {‘Ìm| H$m ~hþV A{YH$ à^md
n‹S>Vm h¡& Ka H$s Am{W©H$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ AdñWm ^r Aà˶j ê$n go ~ÀMo Ho$ {dH$mg
na à^md S>mbVr h¡&
5. {dÚmb¶ H$m AZw^d
{dÚmb¶ H$m dmVmdaU, AܶmnH$m| Ed§ Aݶ {dÚm{W©¶m| H$m ì¶dhma, nmR²>¶H«$‘
Am{X ~ÀMo Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$mo ~ZmZo ‘| gh¶moJ XoVo h¢& Omo {dÚmb¶ ~ÀMm| H$mo
AÀN>m dmVmdaU, ghmZw^y{V, {‘b-OwbH$a H$m¶© H$aZo H$m {ejU XoVo h¢,
dhm± na ~ÀMm| H$o ì¶p³VËd H$m {dH$mg AÀN>m hmoVm h¡ Am¡a BgHo$ gmW-gmW
~ÀMm| H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIVm h¡ VÏmm öX¶ ‘| g‘yh ^mdZm H$m
{dH$mg H$aVm h¡& {dÚmb¶ ‘| ~ÀMo H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$r ny{V©, ‘Zmoa§OZ Ho$
gmYZ, Iobm| H$m à~ÝY, CÀMmXe©, {ejm, ZmQ>H$, S´m‘m, gwÝXa nwñVH$mb¶
VWm AܶmnH$m| Ho$ AmXe©- ¶o g^r ~mV| AÀN>o ~ÀMo Ho$ AÀN>o ì¶p³VËd Ho$
{Z‘m©U ‘| ghm¶H$ {gÕ hmoVr h¢&
6. Zbr {dhrZ J«pÝW¶m±
¶o J«pÝW¶m± ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {ZYm©aU ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© ¶moJ XoVr h¢& BZ J«pÝW¶m| go ‘mZd
Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m {dH$mg {ZYm©[aV ‘ZmoX¡{hH$ {Xem ‘| hmoVm h¡&
7. g‘yh H$s gXñ¶Vm
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg H$s EH$ AdñWm g‘yh H$s gXñ¶Vm ^r h¡& ì¶p³V EH$
gmW O~ AZoH$ g‘yhm| H$s gXñ¶Vm J«hU H$aVm h¡, Vmo CgHo$ ì¶dhma H$m
MVw‘w©Ir {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& Cgo ~hþ‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ê$n ‘| nhMmZm OmVm h¡&
8. A{YJ‘ AdñWm
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg H$s EH$ AdñWm A{YJ‘ H$s h¡& ì¶p³V {H$gr ZdrZ
AZw^d H$mo {H$g àH$ma grIVm h¡, Bggo Cg ì¶p³VËd H$s AdñWm H$m nVm
MbVm h¡& pñH$Za, {‘ba VWm S>m°bS>© Zo Bg V϶ na ~b {X¶m& B[aH$gZ,
Am°bnmoQ>©, ~m°g, e¡ëS>Z Am{X Zo ì¶p³VËd H$m {dH$mg A{YJ‘ H$s AdñWm
‘| ~Vm¶m h¡&
9. ì¶dhma H$s BH$mB©
pñH$Za Zo ì¶dhma H$mo AZoH$ BH$mB©¶m| ‘| ~m±Q>m h¡& CgH$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ N>moQ>r-
N>moQ>r BH$mB©¶m± O~ nyU© ì¶dhma Ho$ ê$n ‘| 춳V hmoVr h¡, Vmo do ì¶p³VËd Ho$
{dH$mg H$m EH$ ^mJ ~Z OmVr h¢&
10. A{^àoaUm H$m ~mhþë¶
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg H$s EH$ AdñWm A{^àoaUm H$m ~mhþë¶ ^r h¢& ì¶dhma
VWm ì¶p³VËd H$s nhMmZ A{^àoaUm Ho$ AZoH$ Mam| Ho$ Ûmam hmoVr h¡&
11. {dH$mg H$s gmV˶Vm
E[aH$gZ Zo {dH$mg H$mo EH$ gVV² {H«$¶m ‘mZm h¢& CgH$m {dídmg h¡ {H$
ì¶p³VËd H$mo {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| O¡go-^mfm, emar[aH$, g§doJmË‘H$,
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 166 ì¶p³VËd
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
gm‘m{OH$ VWm gm§ñH¥${VH$ Cn^mJm| ‘| Zht ~m±Q>m Om gH$Vm& ¶h {dídmg gVV²
Ed§ g‘J« ê$n go MbVm ahVm h¡&
10.8 ì¶p³VËd Ed§ {ejm
{ejm H$m CÔoí¶ ì¶p³V H$m gdmªJrU {dH$mg H$aZm h¡& ¶{X ì¶p³V H$m
gdmªJrU {dH$mg hmoVm h¡, Vmo CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ^r {dH$mg hmoJm& AV…
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ Aܶ¶Z H$m {ejmempñ̶m| Ho$ {bE A˶ÝV ‘hÎd h¡&
1. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg go AÝVÑ©pîQ> {dH${gV hmoVr h¡ Am¡a Cg‘§o
{d{^ÝZ ep³V¶m± g§J{R>V hmoZo bJVr h¡&
2. kmZ go AmË‘{dH$mg H$mo ~b {‘bVm h¡& ñd¶§ Ho$ à{V AZoH$ à˶¶m§o
H$m ñnîQ>rH$aU hmo OmVm h¡&
3. {dídmg VWm AmË‘-{dídmg {dH${gV hmoVm h¡&
A{^àoaUm, A{YH$ma, ^mdZm, g˶ H$m kmZ VWm Ad~moY, n[aM¶,
{ZH$Q>Vm, K{ZîQ>Vm Am{X Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| {ejm ghm¶H$ hmoVr h¡& Bgr{bE H$hm
J¶m h¡- ¶h Bg ~mV H$mo XoIVm h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V ñd¶§ H$mo OmZVm h¡ AWdm Zht,
{H$ dh gå‘mZ, Ad~moY VWm ߶ma nmZo bm¶H$ h¡; dh ñd¶§ H$mo OmZZo VWm
AnZo H$mo Xÿgam| ‘| {‘bZo Ho$ ¶mo½¶ h¡&
10.9 ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg ‘§o AܶmnH$ H$s ^y{‘H$m
ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg na {dÚmb¶ Ho$ dmVmdaU VWm nR>Z-nmR>Z H$m n¶m©á à^md
n‹S>Vm h¡& Bg‘| {ejH$ H$s ^y{‘H$m ^r H$m’$s Ah‘² hmoVr h¡& {ejH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma,
CZHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m à^md N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg na Aà˶j ê$n go
n‹S>Vm hr h¡, na AܶmnH$ à˶j ê$n go CZHo$ ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg ‘| ¶moJXmZ
^r H$aVm h¡& AV… Bg ÑpîQ> go {ejH$m| H$mo ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg ‘| AnZr ^y{‘H$m
H$mo gmW©H$ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV ~mVm| na ܶmZ XoZm Mm{hE-
1. à˶oH$ N>mÌ H$s d¡¶p³VH$Vm H$mo nhMmZZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m OmZm
Mm{hE VWm CZH$s ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIVo hþE
CZH$s OÝ‘OmV j‘VmAm| Ho$ {dH$mg H$m Adga {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
2. ~mbH$m| Ho$ gånyU© ì¶p³VËd H$mo {dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ à¶mg {H$¶o
Om¶o&
3. ~mbH$m| Ho$ gdmªJrU {dH$mg hoVw {dÚmb¶ ‘| AZoH$ nmR²>¶H«$‘
ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m Om¶o&
4. ~mbH$m| H$s ì¶p³VJV, e¡{jH$ Ed§ ì¶mdgm{¶H$ g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$
g‘mYmZ hoVw {dÚmb¶ ‘| {ZX}eZ Ed§ nam‘e© godmE± Am¶mo{OV H$s
Om¶o&
5. {dÚmb¶ H$m dmVmdaU gab, ‘Ywa, emÝV Ed§ ào‘‘¶ ~Zm¶m Om¶o&
6. ~mbH$m| H$r g¥OZerbVm H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m Omdo VWm CZH$mo ñdVÝÌ
{MÝVZ hoVw àmoËgm{hV {H$¶m Om¶o&
7. ~mbH$mo H$mo Eogo AZw^d {X¶o Om¶o, {Oggo CZ‘| {dídmg Ed§
AmË‘{dídmg {dH${gV hmo gHo$&
8. ì¶p³VËd H$mo à^mdembr ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE AmXe© ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$
AZwH$aU Ho$ Adga {X¶o Om¶|&
àJʶ
9. {dÚmb¶ ‘| ~ÀMm| H$mo Cn¶w³V ‘Zmoa§OZ Ho$ Adga ^r {X¶o Om¶o&
10. ~mbH$m| H$m nm[adm[aH$ dmVmdaU AÀN>m hmo Bg hoVw A{^^mdH$m| H$mo
‘mJ©Xe©Z {X¶m Omdo&
11. OÝ‘OmV ep³V¶m| Ho$ {dH$mg hoVw {dÚmb¶ ‘| AÀN>m dmVmdaU
~Zm¶m Om¶|&
12. AܶmnH$ H$mo AnZo ñd¶§ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$mo AZwH$aUr¶ ~ZmZm
Mm{hE&
13. N>mÌm| ‘| gH$mamË‘H$ ÑpîQ>H$moU H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m Om¶o
14. AܶmnH$m| H$mo AnZm ÑpîQ>H$moU ^r gH$mamË‘H$ ~ZmZo Mm{hE&
15. N>mÌ AܶmnH$ gå~ÝY ñZoh nyU© Ed§ ‘Ywa ~ZmZo H$s Amoa ܶmZ
XoZm Mm{hE&
16. N>mÌm| Ho$ g‘J« ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s ì¶dñWm H$s Om¶o&
17. ~mbH$m| H$mo ZH$mamË‘H$ ÑpîQ>H$moU Ed§ g§doJm| go ~Mm¶m Om¶o&
18. N>mÌm| H$mo ñdVÝÌ A[^ì¶p³V Ho$ {bE Adga àXmZ {H$¶o Om¶o&
10.10 ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ
‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ‘mnZ H$m B{Vhmg ~hþV nwamZm h¡& àmMrZ H$mb ‘|
h‘mao Xoe ‘| ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd go VmËn¶© CgHo$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$ Am¡a
AmܶmpË‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$ g‘J« ê$n go {b¶m OmVm Wm& AV… V~ BgH$m ‘mnZ
^r BZHo$ {dH$mg Ho$ AmYma na {H$¶m OmVm Wm& AmJo MbH$a Cgo CgH$s
gV²,aO² Am¡a V‘² d¥[Îm¶m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| XoIm-g‘Pm OmZo bJm Am¡a {Og ì¶p³V
‘| {Og d¥[Îm H$s A{YH$Vm hmoVr Wr, Cgo Cgr Ho$ AZwHy$b gmpËdH$, amOgr
AWdm Vm‘gr ì¶p³VËd H$m H$hm OmZo bJm& dV©‘mZ ‘| Z Vmo h‘ ì¶p³VËd Ho$
ñdê$n Ho$ {df¶ ‘| EH$‘V h¡ Am¡a Z hr CgHo$ ‘mnZ Ho$ {df¶ ‘| EH$‘V h¡&
Xÿgao Xoem| H$s H$hmZr h‘mao Xoe go Hw$N> {^ÝZ h¢& àmMrZH$mb ‘| dhm±
‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd go VmËn¶© CgHo$ ~mø ñdê$n go {b¶m OmVm Wm& dh {Og
àH$ma H$m ì¶dhma H$aVm Wm Cgo CgHo$ ì¶dhma Ho$ AZwHy$b Cgr dJ© ‘| aIm
OmVm Wm& amo‘Z H$mb ‘| dhm± CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd ‘| CgHo$ AmÝV[aH$ ñdê$n H$mo
^r gpå‘{bV {H$¶m OmZo bJm Am¡a V~ CgH$m ‘mnZ ^r XmoZm| AmYmam| na
{H$¶m OmZo bJm&
dV©‘mZ ‘| ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ñdê$n H$s ì¶m»¶m Am¡a CgHo$ ‘mnZ
H$s {d{Y¶m| H$m {dH$mg nmíMm˶ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ewê$ {H$¶m& CÝhm|Zo ì¶p³VËd
‘mnZ H$s AZoH$ {d{Y¶m| H$m {dH$mg ^r {H$¶m h¡& h‘mao Xoe Ho$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
CZH$m AmYw[ZH$aU H$a aho h¢& Bg ~rM ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s {OZ {d{Y¶m| H$m
{dH$mg hþAm h¡, CÝh| ‘ybV… Xmo dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m OmVm h¡- Aàjonr
{d{Y¶m± Am¡a àjonr {d{Y¶m±& Aàjonr {d{Y¶m| ‘| Hw$N> {d{Y¶m± ì¶p³V{ZîR> h¢
Am¡a Hw$N> {d{Y¶m± dñVw{ZîR> h¢& ì¶p³V{ZîR> {d{Y¶m| ‘| ‘w»¶ {d{Y¶m± h¢-
AdbmoH$Z {d{Y, gmjmËH$ma {d{Y, àíZmdbr {d{Y, ì¶p³V B{Vhmg {d{Y Am¡a
AmË‘H$Wm [d{Y& dñVw{ZîR> {d{Y¶m| ‘| ‘w»¶ {d{Y¶m± h¢- {Z¶{ÝÌV {ZarjU
{d{Y, loUr ‘mnZr, emar[aH$ narjU Am¡a n[apñW{V narjU& àjonr {d{Y¶m|
‘| ‘w»¶ {d{Y¶m± h¢- gmhM¶© à{d{Y, aMZm à{d{Y, ny{V© à{d{Y, M¶Z à{d{Y
Am¡a A{^ì¶p³V narjU& A{^ì¶p³V narjU ‘| amoem© ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU,
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ ì¶p³VËd
àmg§{JH$ AÝV~m}Y narjU Am¡a ~mb AÝV~m}Y narjU ‘w»¶ h¢& ì¶p³VËd
narjUm| Ho$ Bg dJuH$aU H$mo ZrMo Ho$ MmQ>© Ûmam EH$ ÑpîQ> ‘| XoIm-g‘Pm Om
gH$Vm h¡-
10.10.1 ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s ì¶p³V{ZîR> {d{Y¶m±
ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s ì¶p³V{ZîR> {d{Y¶m| go VmËn¶© CZ {d{Y¶m| go h¡, {OZHo$
‘mnZ narjU n[aUm‘ ‘mnZH$Vm© H$s AnZr ‘mݶVmAm|, AnZr ngÝX-
ZmngÝX Am¡a AnZo ì¶p³VJV ‘mZXÊS>m| go à^m{dV hmoVo h¢& BZ {d{Y¶m| ‘|
{ZåZ{b{IV {d{Y¶m± gpå‘{bV h¢-
1. AdbmoH$Z {d{Y
2. gmjmËH$ma {d{Y
3. àíZmdbr {d{Y
4. ì¶p³V B{Vhmg {d{Y
5. AmˑH$Wm {d{Y
1. AdbmoH$Z {d{Y
Bg {d{Y ‘| ‘mnZH$Vm© à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m AdbmoH$Z H$aVm h¡ Am¡a ¶h
XoIVm h¡ {H$ Cg‘| ì¶p³VËd Ho$ H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z go bjU h¢ Am¡a do {H$VZr-{H$VZr
‘mÌm ‘| h¢- A{YH$, gm‘mݶ AWdm ݶyZ ‘mÌm ‘|& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Wm°Z©S>mBH$
Am¡a O{g©©ëS> Zo àmaå^ ‘| Bgr {d{Y H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m Wm&
Bg {d{Y H$m g~go ~‹S>m JwU ¶h h¡ {H$ Bg‘| ‘mnZH$Vm© à¶moÁ¶ H$s
{deofVmAm| (ì¶p³VËd bjUm|) H$mo ñd¶§ AnZr Am±Im| go XoIVm h¡ Am¡a {X‘mJ
go g‘PVm h¡, Cgo {H$gr ‘mnZ CnH$aU H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht hmoVr&
Bg {d{Y ‘| Hw$N> H${‘¶m± ^r h¢& nhbr H$‘r Vmo ¶h h¡ {H$ Bg {d{Y
go ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ ‘| g‘¶ ~hþV A{YH$ bJVm h¡ Am¡a Xÿgar H$‘r ¶h h¡
{H$ BgHo$ ‘mnZ n[aUm‘ ‘mnZH$Vm© na {Z^©a H$aVo h¢, do dñVw{ZîR> Z hmoH$a
ì¶p³V{ZîR> hmoVo h¢&
2. gmjmËH$ma {d{Y
Bg {d{Y ‘| ‘mnZH$Vm© Am¡a à¶moÁ¶ EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ Am‘Zo-gm‘Zo hmoVo h¢&
‘mnZH$Vm© à¶moÁ¶ go ì¶p³VËd Ho$ bjÊm gå~ÝYr àíZ nyN>Vm h¡ Am¡a à¶moÁ¶
n¥îR> 167
CZHo$ CÎma XoVm h¡& ¶h H$m¶© Am¡nMm[aH$ AWdm AZm¡nMm[aH$ {H$gr ^r ê$n
‘| {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
Bg {d{Y H$s g~go ~‹S>r {deofVm ¶h h¡ {H$ Bg‘| ‘mnZH$Vm© gd©àW‘
à¶moÁ¶ go gm¡hmX«© ñWm{nV H$aVm h¡& Bg{bE à¶moÁ¶ AnZo gå~ÝY ‘| JmonZr¶
V϶ ^r ~Vm XoVm h¡& Xÿgar {deofVm ¶h h¡ {H$ BgHo$ Ûmam à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ Hw$N>
Eogo bjUm| H$s OmZH$mar ^r H$s Om gH$Vr h¡, Omo Aݶ {d{Y¶m| go Zht H$s
Om gH$Vr; O¡go- AmË‘{dídmg Ed§ A{^ì¶p³V e¡br& Bg {d{Y go Xÿgar
{d{Y¶m| Ûmam àmá Am±H$‹S>m| H$s nwpîQ> ^r H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ
‘w»¶ ê$n go à¶moÁ¶m| H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m nVm bJmH$a CÝh| ì¶p³VJV {ZX}e
XoZo go {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
Bg {d{Y go ì¶p³VJV ‘mnZ ‘| g‘¶ ~hþV A{YH$ bJVm h¡ Am¡a My±{H$
EH$ g‘¶ ‘| Ho$db EH$ hr à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘mnZ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm
h¡, Bg{bE g‘¶ Ho$ gmW-gmW ep³V ^r ~hþV A{YH$ bJVr h¡& {’$a ¶h
ì¶p³V{ZîR> {d{Y h¡, BgHo$ n[aUm‘m| na {dídmg Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm&
3. àíZmdbr {d{Y
àíZmdbr {d{Y H$mo n[agyMr {d{Y ^r H$hVo h¢& ¶h gmjmËH$ma H$m Am¡nMm[aH$
Ed§ {b{IV ê$n h¡& Bg {d{Y ‘| ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶{³VËd Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm|-
~w{Õ, A{^j‘Vm, g§doJ, AmXe©, ‘yë¶ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$Vm Am{X go gå~pÝYV
àíZm| H$s aMZm H$a CÝh| gyMr~Õ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BZ gy{M¶m| H$mo ì¶p³VËd
n[agyMr H$hm OmVm h¡& ¶o n[agy{M¶m± à¶moÁ¶ AWdm à¶moÁ¶m| H$mo {dV[aV H$s
OmVr h¡§ Am¡a CZgo ¶m Vmo BÝht n[agy{M¶m| na ¶m AbJ go {XE JE CÎma nÌ
na CZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma XoZo H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡& àíZm| Ho$ àH$ma Ho$ AmYma na
àíZmd{b¶m| H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV Mma dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m OmVm h¡-
1. à{V~pÝYV àíZmdbr- ¶o do àíZmdbr h¢, {OZ‘| à¶moÁ¶m| H$mo àíZm|
H$m CÎma à{V~pÝYV ê$n go XoZm hmoVm h¡; O¡go- hm± ¶m Zm àíZ&
Bg àH$ma Ho$ àíZm| H$m EH$ CXmhaU àñVwV h¡-
³¶m Amn A{V{W¶m| Ho$ AmJ‘Z na àgÝZ hmoVo h¢? hm±/Zm
2. Iwbr àíZmdbr- ¶o do àíZmdbr h¢, {OZ‘| à¶moÁ¶m| H$mo àíZm| Ho$
CÎma AnZo VarH$m| go XoZo H$s ñdVÝÌVm hmoVr h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$
àíZm| H$m EH$ CXmhaU h¡-
n[adma ‘| A{V{W Ho$ AmJ‘Z na h‘| CZHo$ gmW H¡$gm ì¶dhma H$aZm
Mm{hE?
3. {MÌmË‘H$ àíZmdbr- Bg àíZmd{b¶m| ‘§o àíZm| H$mo {MÌ ê$n ‘|
àñVwV {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a à¶moÁ¶m| H$mo C{MV {MÌ H$m M¶Z H$a
{ZemZ bJmH$a CÎma XoZm hmoVm h¡&
4. {‘{lV àíZmdbr- ¶o do àíZmdbr h¢, {OZ‘| Cnamo³V Xmo ¶m VrZm|
àH$ma Ho$ àíZ hmoVo h¢&
Bg {d{Y H$s g~go ~‹S>r {deofVm ¶h h¡ {H$ BgHo$ Ûmam ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ AZoH$ bjUm|- AmË‘{dídmg, AYrZVm, AÝV‘w©IVm, ~{h‘w©IVm
Ed§ à^wËd àd¥{Îm Am{X H$m nVm bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Xÿgar {deofVm ¶h h¡ {H$
à¶moÁ¶m| Ho$ CÎmam| H$s {^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na CZHo$ ì¶p³VËdm| H$s VwbZm H$s
Om gH$Vr h¡ Am¡a Vrgar {deofVm ¶h h¡ {H$ Bg {d{Y go EH$ g‘¶ ‘| AZoH$
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 168 ì¶p³VËd
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
à¶moÁ¶m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘mnZ EH$ gmW {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡, Bggo g‘¶ Ed§
ep³V, XmoZm| H$s ~MV hmoVr h¡&
Bg {d{Y H$r AnZr Hw$N> H${‘¶m± ^r h¢& nhbr H$‘r Vmo ¶h h¡ {H$
à¶moÁ¶ àm¶… {~Zm gmoMo CÎma Xo gH$Vo h¢& Xÿgar H$‘r ¶h h¡ {H$ do ~ZmdQ>r
CÎma ^r Xo gH$Vo h¢, Am¡a XoVo ^r h¢& à¶moÁ¶m| H$mo AnZo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ~mao ‘|
gyMZm XoZr hmoVr h¡, Bg{bE do àm¶… YZmË‘H$ V϶m| H$mo ~‹T>m-M‹T>m H$a 춳V
H$aVo h¢ Am¡a G$UmË‘H$ V϶m| H$mo {N>nmZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aVo h¢&
gm‘mݶV¶m ¶h EH$ AÀN>r {d{Y ‘mZr OmVr h¡& Bg ~rM ì¶p³VËd
‘mnZ H$s AZoH$ n[agy{M¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U hþAm h¡& CZ‘| go Hw$N> ‘w»¶ n[agy{M¶m|
Ho$ Zm‘ {ZåZ {XE Om aho h¢-
1. ~¡b H$s g‘m¶moOZ n[agyMr
2. {‘ZmgmoQ>m ZmZm pñW{VH$ ì¶p³VËd n[agyMr
3. ~Z©a²¶yQ>a ì¶p³VËd n[agyMr
4. Am°bnmoQ>© E. Eg. à{V{H«$¶m Aܶ¶Z
5. ’«$m¶S> hrS>~«oH$S>a H$m AÝV‘w©Ir-~{h‘w©Ir narjU
6. H$mZ©b gyMH$
7. dwS>dW© H$m ì¶p³VËd V϶ nÌH$
8. ‘Zmo{dkmZembm CÎma àXoe H$s ì¶p³VËd n[agyMr
4. ì¶p³V B{Vhmg {d{Y
ì¶p³V B{Vhmg {d{Y H$mo OrdZ B{Vhmg {d{Y ^r H$hVo h¢& Bg {d{Y ‘|
à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ OÝ‘ go boH$a A~ VH$ Ho$ {df¶ ‘o| gm‘mݶ gyMZmE± EH${ÌV H$s
OmVr h¡; O¡go- emar[aH$ ñdmñ϶, n[an³dVm, ~w{Õ, nm[adm[aH$ gå~ÝY,
gm‘m{OH$ gå~ÝY, {ejm Am¡a ì¶p³VJV g‘ñ¶mE±& ‘mnZH$Vm© ¶o gyMZmE± Xmo
àH$ma go àmá H$aVo h¢- EH$ grYo à¶moÁ¶m| go Am¡a Xÿgao à¶moÁ¶m| go gå~pÝYV
ì¶p³V¶m| (‘mVm-{nVm, n‹S>mogr, ghnmR>r Am{X) go&
{ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ ‘w»¶ ê$n go ~mb AnamYm| Ho$
H$maUm| H$m nVm bJmZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡& {M{H$Ëgm Ho$ joÌ ‘| BgH$m à¶moJ
‘w»¶ ê$n go ‘Zmo{M{H$ËgH$ H$aVo h¢&
Bg {d{Y H$s AnZr Hw$N> H${‘¶m± ^r h¢& nhbr ¶h h¡ {H$ à¶moÁ¶ AWdm
à¶moÁ¶m| go gå~pÝYV ì¶p³V à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ ~mao ‘| àm¶… ghr gyMZm Zht XoVo Am¡a
Xÿgar ¶h h¡ {H$ ¶h ì¶p³V{ZîR> {d{Y h¡, BgHo$ n[aUm‘ ‘mnZH$Vm© H$s AnZr
ngÝX-ZmngÝX Am¡a AnZo ì¶p³VJV ‘mZXÊS> na {Z^©a H$aVo h¢, do ghr ^r
hmo gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a JbV ^r&
5. AmˑH$Wm {d{Y
AmË‘H$Wm {d{Y Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV Xmo ê$n hmoVo h¢-
1. ê$naoIm AmYm[aV AmË‘H$Wm- Bg {d{Y ‘| ‘mnZH$Vm© à¶moÁ¶ Ho$
gå‘wI H$moB© erf©H$ AWdm ê$naoIm àñVwV H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Cggo
Cg erf©H$ AWdm ê$naoIm Ho$ AZwgma AnZo OrdZ Ho$ AmYma na
{dMma A{^춳V H$aZo H$mo H$hVm h¡& eV© ¶h hmoVr h¡ {H$ à¶moÁ¶
EH$ ~ma Omo {bI XoVm h¡ Cgo CgH$mo H$mQ>Zo H$s AZw‘{V Zht hmoVr&
V~ CgHo$ Bg AmË‘H$Wm gå~ÝYr boI ‘| CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$s
{deofVmAm| H$m A{^춳V hmoZm ñdm^m{dH$ h¡& ‘mnZH$Vm© Bg boI
H$m {díbofU H$a à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr V϶m| H$s OmZH$mar
àJʶ
H$aVm h¡&
2. ê$naoIm a{hV AmË‘H$Wm- Bg {d{Y ‘§o à¶moÁ¶ H$mo ñdVÝÌ ê$n
go AnZr AmË‘H$Wm {bIZr hmoVr h¡, Cgo {H$gr àH$ma H$m erf©H$,
ê$naoIm AWdm {ZX}e Zht {XE OmVo& Bg‘| ^r à¶moÁ¶ H$mo Omo EH$
~ma {bI {X¶m, Cgo H$mQ>Zo H$s AZw‘{V Zht hmoVr& n[aUm‘ñdê$n
CgHo$ MoVZ Ed§ AMoVZ, XmoZm| njm| H$s ñdm^m{dH$ A{^ì¶p³V
hmoVr h¡& ‘mnZH$Vm© à¶moÁ¶ H$s AmË‘H$Wm H$m {díbofU H$a CgHo$
ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr V϶m| H$s OmZH$mar àmá H$aVm h¡&
AmË‘H$Wm {H$gr ^r àH$ma go {bIdmB© OmE, Cg‘| à¶moÁ¶ Ho$
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ A{V{d{eîQ> nj COmJa hmoVo h¢& Bg AmË‘H$Wm go à¶moÁ¶ Ho$
O{Q>b g§doJm| H$s OmZH$mar àmá H$s Om gH$Vr h¡ Am¡a CÝh| ì¶p³VJV {ZX}e
{XE Om gH$Vo h¢&
¶h {d{Y gm‘mݶ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘mnZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE AÀN>r Zht ‘mZr
OmVr, BgH$m Cn¶moJ CÝht ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘mnZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE
{H$¶m OmVm h¡, {OÝh| ì¶p³VJV {ZX}e XoZo hmo&
10.10.2 ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s dñVw{ZîR> {d{Y¶m±
ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s dñVw{ZîR> {d{Y¶m| go VmËn¶© CZ {d{Y¶m| go h¡, {OZHo$
‘mnZ n[aUm‘ ‘mnZH$Vm© H$s AnZr ngÝX-ZmngÝX Am¡a AnZo ì¶p³VJV
‘mZXÊS>m| go à^m{dV Zht hmoVo& BZ {d{Y¶m| ‘| ‘w»¶ {d{Y¶m± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. {Z¶pÝÌV AdbmoH$Z {d{Y
2. loUr ‘mnZr {d{Y
3. emar[aH$ narjU {d{Y¶m±
4. n[apñW{V narjU
1. {Z¶pÝÌV AdbmoH$Z {d{Y
Bg {d{Y ‘| {H$gr ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶p³Vd H$m ‘mnZ {Z¶pÝÌV n[apñW{V¶m| ‘|
CgHo$ ~m¡{ÕH$ H$m¶m], g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg, é{M¶m|, A{^d¥{Îm¶m| Ed§ AmXVm|
Am{X H$m {ZarjU H$aHo$ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg‘| Hw$N> hr Am±H$‹S>m| go {ZîH$f© Zht
{ZH$mbo OmVo, A{nVw à¶moÁ¶ H$mo {d{^ÝZ {Z¶pÝÌV n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| aIH$a
CgH$m {ZaÝVa dñVw{ZîR> T>§J go {ZarjU {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ ~mX
{ZîH$f© {ZH$mbo OmVo h¢&
Bg {d{Y H$s g~go ~‹S>r {deofVm ¶h h¡ {H$ Bg‘| ì¶p³V H$s
AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z {d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s {Z¶pÝÌV n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| {H$¶m
OmVm h¡, Bg{bE CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ dmñV{dH$ V϶m| H$s OmZH$mar hmo OmVr
h¡&
Bg {d{Y ‘o| Hw$N> H${‘¶m± ^r h¡& Bg àH$ma H$m ghr {ZarjU ¶mo½¶ Ed§
à{e{jV ì¶p³V hr H$a gH$Vo h¢& gmW hr ¶h {d{Y gm‘mݶ AdbmoH$Z H$s
Anojm Vmo dñVw{ZîR> hmoVr h¡, naÝVw nyU©ê$n go dñVw{ZîR> Zht hmoVr&
2. loUr ‘mnZr {d{Y
loUr ‘mnZr {d{Y H$mo {ZYm©aU ‘mnZr {d{Y Am¡a H«$‘ {ZYm©aU {d{Y ^r H$hVo
h¢& gd©àW‘ Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ ‘Zmo^m¡{VH$s ‘| ’¡$³Za Zo {H$¶m Wm, naÝVw
Bg àH$ma H$s loUr ‘mnZr H$m àH$meZ gd©àW‘ JmëQ>Z Zo 1889 ‘| {H$¶m
Wm& dV©‘mZ ‘| Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ g~go A{YH$ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg {d{Y
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ
‘| ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr AZoH$ bjUm| H$mo àñVwV H$a CZHo$ {bE H«$‘ {ZYm©[aV
H$aZm hmoVm h¡& H«$‘ {ZYm©aU H$m H$m¶© ¶m Vmo Cgr ì¶p³V go H$am¶m OmVm
h¡, {OgHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘mnZ H$aZm hmoVm h¡ ¶m Cggo gå~pÝYV {H$gr EH$
AWdm EH$ go A{YH$ ì¶p³V¶m| go H$am¶m OmVm h¡& dV©‘mZ ‘| H$B© àH$ma H$s
loUr ‘mn{Z¶m| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¢, CZ‘| go Hw$N> à‘wI {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. M¡H$ {bñQ>- M¡H$ {bñQ> Xmo àH$ma H$s hmoVr h¢& EH$ ‘| ì¶p³VËd go
gå~pÝYV Hw$N> bjU {XE hmoVo h¢ Am¡a {ZYm©aH$ go ¶h Anojm H$s
OmVr h¡ {H$ à¶moÁ¶ ‘| BZ‘| go Omo bjU (JwU) hmo, CZ na ghr
H$m {ZemZ ({) bJm Xo Am¡a Omo ghr Zht hmo, CZ na Zht ()
bJm Xo; O¡go-
gmhg - h¡/Zht h¡
Xÿgao àH$ma H$s M¡H$ {bñQ> ‘| JwU Ho$ AmJo ‘mÌm {bIr hmoVr h¡ Am¡a
{ZYm©aH$ go ¶h Anojm H$s OmVr h¡ {H$ dh à¶moÁ¶ ‘| dh JwU {Og
‘mÌm ‘| hmo Cg na ghr ({) H$m {M• bJmE; O¡go- à¶moÁ¶ ‘|
{ZåZ{b{IV JwU {Og ‘mÌm ‘| hmo, Cg na ghr ({) H$m {M•
bJmE-
gmhg - ~hþV A{YH$/A{YH$/gm‘mݶ/H$‘/~hþV H$‘
2. Am§{H$H$ ‘mnZr- ¶h ^r Xmo àH$ma H$s hmoVr h¡& EH$ ‘| ì¶p³VËd go
gå~pÝYV Hw$N> bjU {XE hmoVo h¢, {ZYm©aH$ go ¶h Anojm H$s OmVr
h¡ {H$ dh à¶moÁ¶ ‘| Omo bjU g~go A{YH$ hmo, CÝh| 1 A§H$ Xo, Omo
Bggo H$‘ hmo CÝh| 2 A§H$ Xo Am¡a Bgr àH$ma Aݶ bjUm| H$mo 3, 4
d 5 A§H$ Xo& Xÿgar Am§{H$H$ ‘mnZr Eogr hmoVr h¡, {Og‘| ì¶p³VËd
gå~ÝYr 3, 5 AWdm 7 bjU {XE hmoVo h¢ Am¡a {ZYm©aH$ go ¶h
Anojm H$s OmVr h¡ {H$ dh à¶moÁ¶ ‘| Omo bjU gdm©{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘|
hmo, Cgo 1 Am¡a Cgr H«$‘ ‘| Omo bjU g~go H$‘ hmo Cgo ApÝV‘
A§H$ 3, 5 AWdm 7 A§H$ àXmZ H$ao; O¡go- Amn {ZåZ{b{IV
‘yë¶m| ‘| {OgH$mo gdm©{YH$ ‘hÎd XoVo h¢, Cgo 1 A§H$ àXmZ H$a|,
{Ogo Cggo H$‘ ‘hÎd XoVo h¢, Cgo 2 A§H$ àXmZ H$a| Am¡a Bgr H«$‘
‘| Aݶ ‘yë¶m| H$mo 3, 4 d 5 A§H$ àXmZ H$a|-
g˶ Aqhgm AñVo¶ An[aJ«h ~«÷M¶©
3. J«m{’$H$ ‘mnZr- Bg‘| ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {H$gr JwU H$mo A§H$ àXmZ H$aZo
Ho$ ñWmZ na Cgo J«m’$ na ~Zr j¡{VO aoIm na {~ÝXþ go 춳V {H$¶m
OmVm h¢ Bgo j¡{VO aoIm H$mo gmV˶ H$hVo h¢& ‘mnZH$Vm© j¡{VO
aoIm na bJmE JE {~ÝXþAm| H$s Xÿar Ho$ AmYma na ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ¶Wm
bjU H$s ‘mÌm H$mo kmV H$aVm h¡& d¡go Bg àH$ma H$s loUr ‘mnZr
H$m à¶moJ ~hwV H$‘ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
4. H«${‘H$ ‘mnZr- Bg‘| ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr {H$gr bjU go gå~pÝYV
àíZ AWdm H$WZm| Ho$ ñWmZ na ì¶p³VËd Ho$ H$B© bjUm| H$mo EH$
gmW àñVwV {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a {ZYm©aH$ go CÝh| à¶moÁ¶ Ûmam
àXmZ ‘hÎd Ho$ AZwgma H«$‘~Õ H$am¶m OmVm h¡; O¡go- AmnH$s
ÑpîQ> go EH$ {ejH$ ‘| Omo JwU hmoZo Mm{hE CÝh| àmW{‘H$Vm Ho$ H«$‘
‘| àñVwV H$amo-
{df¶ H$m kmZ, {ejU H$m¡eb, ghmZw^y{V, H$Îm©ì¶{ZîR>m&
ì¶p³VËd n¥îR> 169
5. ~mܶ M¶Z ‘mnZr- Bg‘| ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {H$gr bjU go gå~pÝYV
àíZ Ho$ Xmo ¶m Xmo go A{YH$ CÎma {XE hmoVo h¢- à¶moÁ¶ ¶m {ZYm©aH$
H$mo CÝht CÎmam| H$m M¶Z H$aZm hmoVm h¡, O¡go-
Amn {H$g àH$ma Ho$ Cnݶmg n‹T>Zm ngÝX H$aVo h¢? Omgygr ¶m
gm‘m{OH$&
loUr ‘mn{Z¶m| Ûmam ì¶p³VËd Ho$ AZoH$ bjUm|; O¡go- ~w{Õ‘Vm,
{dZ‘«Vm, B©‘mZXmar, erbVm, AZwemgZ{à¶Vm, gmh{gH$Vm, H$‘©R>Vm,
H$Îm©ì¶{ZîR>Vm Ed§ {MÝVZerbVm Am{X H$m ‘mnZ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡, naÝVw
V^r O~ à¶moÁ¶ Ed§ {ZYm©aH$ ghr T>§J go loUr {ZYm©aU H$a|&
ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ ‘| Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ ~hþVm¶V go {H$¶m OmVm h¡,
naÝVw XoIm ¶h J¶m h¡ {H$ Z Vmo A{YH$Va à¶moÁ¶ AnZo ì¶p³VËd bjUm| Ho$
{df¶ ‘| ghr gyMZm XoVo h¢ Am¡a Z {ZYm©aH$ ghr T>§J go H«$‘ {ZYm©aU H$aVo h¢&
3. emar[aH$ narjU {d[Y¶m±
‘Zwî¶ H$s ‘mZ{gH$ Ed§ emar[aH$ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| ~‹S>m {ZH$Q> gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡, ¶o
EH$-Xÿgao H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¢& V~ ‘Zwî¶ H$s emar[aH$ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ Ûmam
CgH$s ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Bg ~rM d¡km{ZH$m|
Zo ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ eara ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$mo ‘mnZo Ho$ AZoH$ ¶ÝÌm| H$m {Z‘m©U
{H$¶m h¡; O¡go- Zm‹S>r H$s J{V ZmnZo Ho$ {bE ñ’$mB©J‘moJ«m’$, a³VMmn ZmnZo
Ho$ {bE ßb¡Z{Wg‘moJ«m’$, öX¶ H$s J{V ZmnZo Ho$ {bE Bb¡³Q´>mo H$m{S>©¶moJ«m’$,
ídmg J{V ZmnZo Ho$ {bE {’$¶w‘moJ«m’$, ËdMm ‘| hmoZo dmbo amgm¶{ZH$ n[adV©Zm|
H$mo ‘mnZo Ho$ {bE gmBH$mo J¡bdZmo‘rQ>a Am¡a ‘pñVîH$ H$s {H«$¶mAm| H$mo ‘mnZo
Ho$ {bE Bb¡³Q´>mo EZ{g’$mobmoJ«m‘& dV©‘mZ ‘| BZ ¶ÝÌm| H$s ghm¶Vm go ì¶p³V
{deof Ho$ n[apñW{V {deof ‘| hmoZo dmbo emar[aH$ n[adV©Zm| H$mo ‘mn H$a CgH$s
‘mZ{gH$Vm H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡, CgH$s AÝV…{H«$¶mAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z
{H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a Bg àH$ma CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ AZoH$ {N>no hþE V϶m| Ho$
{df¶ ‘| OmZH$mar àmá H$s OmVr h¡&
Bg {d{Y ‘| ^r H$B© H${‘¶m± h¡& Bggo ì¶p³V H$s Ho$db g§doJmË‘H$
pñW{V H$m hr nVm bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& BZ ¶ÝÌm| H$m à¶moJ {deof à{ejU
àmá ì¶p³V hr H$a gH$Vo h¢&
4. n[apñW{V narjU
Bg {d{Y ‘| à¶moÁ¶m| Ho$ g‘j CZHo$ OrdZ H$s H$moB© dmñV{dH$ n[apñW{V
¶m dmñV{dH$ n[apñW{V O¡gr H¥${Ì‘ n[apñW{V aIr OmVr h¡& à¶moÁ¶ BZ
n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| à{V{H«$¶mE± H$aVo h¢& ‘mnZH$Vm© à¶moÁ¶m| Ho$ ‘w»¶V… Xmo ê$n
h¢- g‘mO{‘{V Am¡a ‘ZmoZmQ>H$
1. g‘mO{‘{V {d{Y- Bg {d{Y H$m à{VnmXZ Oo. Eb. ‘moaoZmo Zo
1934 ‘| {H$¶m Wm& Bg {d{Y ‘| {H$gr g‘yh {deof Ho$ ì¶p³V¶m|
go Cg g‘yh ‘| ì¶p³V {deofm| H$mo CZHo$ JwUm| Ho$ AmYma na, M¶Z
H$aZo AWdm N>mo‹S> XoZo Ho$ {bE H$hm OmVm h¡, O¡go- {H$gr g‘yh ‘|
gdm©{YH$ bmoH${චì¶p³V H$m nVm bJmZo Ho$ {bE g‘yh Ho$ gXñ¶m|
go {ZåZ{b{IV H$m¶© H$am¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
CZ VrZ ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ Zm‘ H«$‘mZwgma {b{IE, {OÝh| Amn AnZo g‘yh H$m
ZoVm ~ZmZm MmhVo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 170 ì¶p³VËd
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
Bgr àH$ma Cno{jV ì¶p³V H$m nVm bJmZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV
AmXoe {X¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
CZ VrZ ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ Zm‘ H«$‘mZwgma {b{IE {OÝh| Amn ngÝX Zht
H$aVo&
Bg {d{Y Ûmam n[adma, {dÚmb¶, H$jm Ed§ H$m¶m©b¶ Am{X ‘|
gdm©{YH$ bmoH${චEd§ amÁ¶ ì¶p³V¶m| H$m nVm bJm¶m Om gH$Vm
h¡& Bggo g‘yh Ho$ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘o§ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {d{^ÝZ bjUm| H$s
gmno{jH$ pñW{V H$m ^r nVm bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a CZHo$
ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr {H$gr JwU H$s VwbZm H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
Bg {d{Y ‘| Hw$N> H${‘¶m± ^r h¢& {H$gr ^r g‘yh ‘| H$moB© ^r ì¶p³V
Bg àH$ma Ho$ {ZU©¶ dñVw{ZîR> T>§J go Zht boVm& n[aUm‘ñdê$n Bg
{d{Y H$mo {dídgZr¶ Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm&
2. ‘ZmoZmQ>H$- Bg {d{Y go Hw$N> {deof n[apñW{V¶m| na AmYm[aV
ZmQ>H$m| H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& VËníMmV² {Og ì¶p³V Ho$
ì¶p³VËd H$s {deofVmAm| H$mo kmV H$aZm hmoVm h¡, CgHo$ OrdZ H$s
n[apñW{V¶m| go ¶w³V n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ {H$gr ZmQ>H$ H$m M¶Z {H$¶m
OmVm h¡ Am¡a Cg ZmQ>H$ ‘| Bg ì¶p³V H$mo EH$ {deof nmÌ Ho$ ê$n
‘| A{^Z¶ H$aZo H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡& Bg ZmQ>H$ ‘| H$B© nmÌ hmoVo h¢&
‘mnZH$Vm© Bg ì¶p³V Ho$ H$m¶©H$bmnm| na {deof ܶmZ XoVm h¡ Am¡a
CgHo$ hmd-^md Ho$ AmYma na CgH$s ‘ZmoXem H$m nVm bJmVm h¡&
‘ZmoZmQ>H$ g‘m¶moOZ n[apñW{V¶m| go gå~pÝYV hmoVo h¢, Bg{bE
BZHo$ Ûmam ì¶p³V H$s g‘m¶moOZ go gå~pÝYV g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m nVm
bJm¶m OmVm h¡& Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ ‘Zmo{M{H$Ëgm ‘| {deof ê$n go
{H$¶m OmVm h¡&
Bg {d{Y ‘| ^r Hw$N> H${‘¶m± h¢& A{^Z¶ Ho$ Xm¡amZ ì¶p³V {deof
Ûmam H$s OmZo dmbr {H«$¶mAm| Ed§ hmd-^md H$m {díbofU H$a ì¶p³V
H$s ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr {deofVmAm| H$m nVm bJmZm EH$ O{Q>b H$m¶©
h¡, Bgo {deof ê$n go à{e{jV ‘mnZH$Vm© hr H$a gH$Vo h¢&
10.10.3 ì¶p³VËd narjU H$s àjonr {d{Y¶m±
àjonU go VmËn¶© ì¶p³V H$s ~mø dñVwAm| Ho$ à{V AnZo AÝV‘©Z H$s à{V{H«$¶m
go hmoVm h¡& Bg eãX H$m gd©àW‘ à¶moJ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ’«$m¶S> Zo {H$¶m Wm&
’«$m¶S> Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³V H$m ì¶dhma CgHo$ MoVZ ‘Z H$s Anojm CgHo$
AMoVZ ‘Z go A{YH$ à^m{dV hmoVm h¡& CgZo ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘mnZ
H$aZo Ho$ {bE ‘Z Ho$ gmW-gmW AMoVZ ‘Z go hmoZo hmoZo dmbo ì¶dhmam| H$m
^r Aܶ¶Z H$aZo na ~b {X¶m& n[aUm‘ñdê$n Hw$N> Eogr {d{Y¶m| H$m {dH$mg
{H$¶m J¶m, {OZHo$ Ûmam ì¶p³V Ho$ AMoVZ ‘Z ‘| {N>nr X{‘V BÀN>mAm| Am¡a
CZHo$ Ûmam CgHo$ ì¶dhma na n‹S>Zo dmbo à^md H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZm gå^d
hþAm& BZ {d{Y¶m| H$mo hr ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s àojnr {d{Y¶m± H$hm OmVm h¡&
dmaoZ Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-
àjonr {d{Y ‘Zwî¶ H$s X{‘V BÀN>mAm| H$mo ~mø OJV na Amamo{nV H$aZo H$s {d{Y
h¡&
Bg àH$ma H$s Hw$N> ‘w»¶ {d{Y¶m± {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
àJʶ
1. gmhM¶© à{d{Y
2. aMZm à{d{Y
3. ny{V© à{d{Y
4. H«$‘ ¶m M¶Z à{d{Y
5. A{^ì¶p³V narjU
1. gmhM¶© à{d{Y
Bg {d{Y ‘o§ à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ gå‘wI Hw$N> CÔrnH$ àñVwV {H$E OmVo h¢ Am¡a Cggo
CZgo gå~pÝYV à{V{H«$¶m H$aZo H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡& ¶o CÔrnH$ eãX, dm³¶
AWdm {MÌ Ho$ ê$n ‘| àñVwV {H$E OmVo h¢& BZ‘| gdm©{YH$ à¶moJ ‘| AmZo dmbr
{d{Y eãX gmhM¶© {d{Y h¡& Bg {d{Y ‘| à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ gå‘wI Hw$N> MwZo hþE eãX
CÔrnH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| àñVwV {H$E OmVo h¢ Am¡a à¶moÁ¶ H$mo BZ eãXm| go gå~pÝYV
CgHo$ ‘Z ‘| AmZo dmbo eãXm| H$mo 춳V H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
‘mnZH$Vm© ¶o eãX EH$-EH$ H$aHo$ ~mobVm h¡, à˶oH$ eãX H$s à{V{H«$¶m ñdê$n
~mobo JE eãXm| H$mo ZmoQ> H$aVm h¡ Am¡a gmW hr Bg à{V{H«$¶m ‘| {bE JE g‘¶
H$mo ZmoQ> H$aVm h¡ Am¡a AÝV ‘| à{V{H«$¶m ñdê$n ~mobo JE BZ eãXm| Ho$ AmYma
na CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m AmH$bZ H$aVm h¡& ¶h {d{Y {deof ê$n go ‘mZ{gH$
J«{ÝW¶m|, ‘ZmoamoJm| Am¡a AnamYm| H$m nVm bJmZo Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJ H$s OmVr h¡,
naÝVw BgH$m ghr à¶moJ Bg {d{Y ‘| à{e{jV ì¶p³V hr H$a gH$Vo h¢&
2. aMZm à{d{Y
Bg {d{Y ‘| à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ gå‘wI Hw$N> CÔrnH$ àñVwV {H$E OmVo h¢ Am¡a Cggo
CZHo$ AmYma na aMZm H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$hm OmVm h¡& ¶h aMZm CÔrnH$ H$s
àH¥${V Ho$ AZwgma dm³¶, H${dVm, H$hmZr AWdm {MÌ, {H$gr ^r ê$n ‘| H$amB©
Om gH$Vr h¡& d¡go gm‘mݶV… dm³¶ aMZm Am¡a H$hmZr aMZm hr H$amB©© OmVr
h¡& Bg‘| à¶moÁ¶ H$s aMZm H$m {díbofU H$aHo$ CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z
{H$¶m OmVm h¡&
Bg {d{Y ‘| à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ gå‘wI Omo CÔrnH$ àñVwV {H$E OmVo h¢, do
AñnîQ> Ed§ AZoH$mWu hmoVo h¢, Bg{bE à˶oH$ ì¶p³V AnZo {dMmam| Ho$ AmYma
na aMZm H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Bg aMZm ‘| CgHo$ AÝV‘©Z H$s A{^ì¶p³V hmoVr h¡&
Bggo CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr ghr V϶m| H$r OmZH$mar H$s Om gH$Vr h¡,
naÝVw ¶h H$m¶© {OVZm H$hZo ‘| gab h¡ CVZm hr H$aZo ‘| H${R>Z h¡& Bg {d{Y
H$m à¶moJ ^r à{e{jV ì¶p³V hr H$a gH$Vo h¢
3. ny{V© à{d{Y
Bg {d{Y ‘| à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ gå‘wI H$moB© AYyar aMZm CÔrnH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| àñVwV H$s
OmVr h¡ Am¡a Cgo Cgo nyam H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$hm OmVm h¡& ¶o AYyar aMZmE± AYyao
dm³¶, AYyar H${dVm AWdm AYyar H$hmZr Ho$ ê$n ‘| àñVwV H$s Om gH$Vr h¡,
naÝVw gm‘mݶV… AYyao dm³¶ Am¡a AYyar H$hm{Z¶m± hr àñVwV H$s OmVr h¢ Am¡a
dm³¶ ny{V© Am¡a H$hmZr ny{V© hr H$amB© OmVr h¡& AÝV ‘| à¶moÁ¶ H$s Bg aMZm
Ho$ AmYma na CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
Bg {d{Y ‘| Eogr AYyar aMZmE± àñVwV H$s OmVr h¢, {OZH$mo nyam H$aZo
‘| ì¶p³V H$s ì¶p³VJV {deofVmE± àH$Q> hmoVr h¢ Bg{bE BgHo$ Ûmam ì¶p³VËd
H$s {deofVmAm| H$m nVm bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
Bg {d{Y ‘| ^r Hw$N> H${‘¶m± h¢& Bg {d{Y go {H$gr ì¶p³V H$s gr{‘V
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ ì¶p³VËd n¥îR> 171

{deofVmAm| H$m hr nVm bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& gmW hr ¶h H$m¶© {deof ê$n go
à{e{jV ì¶p³V hr H$a gH$Vo h¢&
Aä¶mgmW© àíZ
4. H«$‘ ¶m M¶Z à{d{Y
Bg {d{Y ‘| ‘mnZH$Vm© à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ gå‘wI Hw$N> dñVwAm|, {MÌm|, eãXm| H$WZm|,
‘yë¶m| Ed§ {gÕmÝVm| Am{X H$mo àñVwV H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Cggo BÝh| AnZo Ûmam 1. b¡{Q>Z ^mfm Ho$ eãX ngm}Zm H$m AW© h¡-
(1) ì¶p³V (2) ì¶p³VJV
{XE JE ‘hÎd Ho$ AZwgma H«$‘~Õ H$aZo H$mo H$hVm h¡& à¶moÁ¶ gdm©{YH$
(3) ‘wIm¡Q>m (4) Anyd©
‘hÎd dmbo H$mo àW‘ ñWmZ na aIVo hþE Aݶ g^r H$m ñWmZ A§{H$V H$aVm
h¡& ‘mnZH$Vm© à¶moÁ¶ Ûmam {XE JE H«$‘ Ho$ AmYma na CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m 2. ng©Zo{bQ>r eãX H$s ì¶wËn{Îm J«rH$ ^mfm Ho$ {H$g eãX go hþB© h¡?
‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aVm h¡& (1) ng©Zb (2) nagmBZ
Bg {d[Y H$s g~go ~‹S>r {deofVm ¶h h¡ {H$ BgHo$ Ûmam à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ (3) nagZ (4) nagmoZm
g§doJm|, ‘yë¶m| Ed§ {gÕmÝVm| H$m nVm AmgmZr go bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
3. à˶oH$ ì¶p³VËd à{V‘mZ hmoVm h¡-
Bg {d{Y ‘| Hw$N> H${‘¶m± ^r h¢& ¶{X à¶moÁ¶ AnZo Ûmam {XE JE ‘hÎd
(1) ~{h‘w©Ir (2) A^yVnyd©
Ho$ AmYma na H«$‘ Z XoH$a g‘mO Ûmam {XE JE ‘hÎd Ho$ AmYma na H«$‘ XoVm (3) AÝV‘w©Ir (4) n[adV©Zerb
h¡, Vmo gånyU© l‘ ì¶W© Mbm OmVm h¡&
5. A{^ì¶p³V narjU 4. Character & Personality Zm‘H$ nwñVH$ {H$gHo$ Ûmam {bIr
Bg àH$ma H$s {d{Y¶m| ‘o§ ì¶p³V Ho$ gå‘wI Omo CÔrnH$ àñVwV {H$E OmVo h¢, JB© h¡?
(1) JmS>©Za Ed§ ‘a’$s Ûmam (2) nmoboÝñH$s Ûmam
CZHo$ à{V dh AnZo {dMma 춳V H$aZo Ho$ {bE nyU© ñdVÝÌ hmoVm h¡& My±{H$
(3) dwS>dW© Ûmam (4) Wmon© Ed§ e‘ba Ûmam
¶o CÔrnH$ AñnîQ> Ed§ AZoH$mWu hmoVo h¢ Bg{bE {H$gr EH$ CÔrnH$ Ho$ {bE
{^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$s AZw{H«$¶m {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ hmoVr h¡& Bg {^ÝZ AZw{H«$¶m 5. ‘mZd ì¶p³VËd n[aUm‘ h¡-
Ho$ AmYma na à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m AmH$bZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& A~ VH$ Bg (1) Ho$db dmVmdaU H$m
àH$ma H$s AZoH$ {d{Y¶m| H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m Om MwH$m h¡, naÝVw CZ‘| go Hw$N> (2) Ho$db AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$m
H$m à¶moJ {deof ê$n go {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢- (3) nmbZ-nmofU Am¡a {ejm H$m
1. amoem© ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU (4) AmZwd§{eH$Vm Am¡a dmVmdaU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m
2. ‘ao àmg§{JH$ AÝV~m}Y narjU
6. ì¶p³VËd H$s {deofVmAm| ‘| go EH$ h¡-
3. ~¡bH$ ~mb AÝV~m}Y narjU
(1) ~w{Õ (2) {ejm
BZ narjUm| Ûmam ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ghr-ghr ‘mnZ H$aZo H$m (3) gm‘m{OH$ ñVa (4) g‘m¶moOZ
Xmdm {H$¶m OmVm h¡& amoem© ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU H$s {dídgZr¶Vm .37 go .95
VH$ VWm d¡YVm .80 go .82 VH$ ~VmB© OmVr h¡, naÝVw BZ narjUm| H$m 7. dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW gm‘mݶ Ed§ ñWm¶r g‘m¶moOZ hr ì¶p³VËd h¡&
àemgZ Ed§ ’$bm§H$Z AnZo ‘| H${R>Z H$m¶© h¡& BZH$m àemgZ Ed§ ’$bm§H$Z ¶h n[a^mfm h¡-
{deofk hr H$a gH$Vo h¢& (1) Am°bnmoQ>© H$s (2) ~mo[a¨J H$s
(3) ‘Z H$s (4) e¡ëS>Z H$s
******* 8. H$m¡Zgm VÎd ì¶p³VËd H$s {deofVmAm| ‘| gpå‘{bV Zht h¡?
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 (1) ‘Zmoemar[aH$ VÝÌ
(2) J˶mË‘H$ g§JR>Z
{XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo (3) Ag§JVVm
gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s (4) dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW Anyd© g‘m¶moOZ
PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go 9. ì¶p³VËd ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s gmYmaU {d{Y h¡-
hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|& (1) àíZmdbr (2) àjonUmË‘H$
(3) Ho$g Aܶ¶Z (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
(3) (4) (2) (2) (4) (1) (2) (3) (1)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 172 ì¶p³VËd àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
10. ì¶p³VËd ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s gd©loîR> {d{Y h¡- 20. ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {H$VZo nhby ‘mZo h¢?
(1) àíZmdbr (2) àjonUmË‘H$ (1) 2 (2) 4
(3) Ho$g Aܶ¶Z (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) 5 (4) 6

11. g‘pÝdV ì¶p³VËd ‘| nm¶m OmVm h¡- 21. JoñQ>mëQ> ÑpîQ>H$moU go ì¶p³VËd H$s ì¶m»¶m {H$gZo H$s h¡?
(1) gwÝXa {XIZo H$s BÀN>m (1) ‘wao Zo (2) S´>oda Zo
(2) AÀN>o dñÌ YmaU H$aZm (3) ñQ>¡JZa Zo (4) Am°bnmoQ>© Zo
(3) Ñ‹T> BÀN>mep³V
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht 22. ì¶p³VËd H$m gdm©{YH$ ‘mݶ dJuH$aU {H$¶m h¡-
(1) Ow§J Zo (2) ho‘oZ Zo
12. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| g‘mOempñ̶m| H$m ‘V ³¶m h¡? (3) Am°bnmoQ>© Zo (4) S´>oda Zo
(1) ì¶p³VËd dh h¡, Omo n¡V¥H$ {damgV go ‘w³V ahVm h¡&
(2) ì¶p³VËd dh h¡, Omo OÝ‘ go {dÚ‘mZ ahVm h¡& 23. H¡$Q>b Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³VËd Ho$ bjUm| H$s Hw$b g§»¶m h¡-
(3) g§ñH¥${V- ì¶p³VËd H$mo n[a‘m{O©V H$aVr h¡& (1) 159 (2) 150
(4) ì¶p³VËd g‘yh g§ñH¥${V go à^m{dV Ed§ n[ad{V©V hmoVm h¡& (3) 171 (4) 200

13. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘o§ go ì¶p³VËd Ho$ à‘wI Aܶ¶Z joÌ ³¶m h¢? 24. T.A.T. narjU {H$gH$m ‘mnZ H$aVm h¡?
(1) ì¶p³VJV Ed§ g‘mO ‘Zmo{dkmZ (1) ~w{Õ H$m (2) CnbpãY H$m
(2) ì¶p³VËd Ed§ gm§ñH¥${VH$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ (3) ì¶p³VËd H$m (4) ê${M H$m
(3) ì¶p³VËd Ed§ ‘Zmo{dkmZ
25. ‘yë¶m| Ho$ AmYma na ì¶p³VËd H$m dJuH$aU {H$gZo {H$¶m?
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (2) ñQ>oJZa Zo
14. ì¶p³VËd Ed§ ~w{Õ ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ H$s- (3) ‘wao Zo (4) amoem© Zo
(1) Zm‘‘mÌ H$s ^y{‘H$m h¡& (2) ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m h¡&
26. AÝV‘w©Ir VWm ~{h‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd Ho$ gåà˶¶ àñVwV {H$¶o J¶o Wo-
(3) Anydm©Zw‘o¶ ^y{‘H$m h¡& (4) AmH$f©H$ ^y{‘H$m h¡&
(1) ES>ba Ûmam (2) hm°Zu Ûmam
15. ì¶p³VËd H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm VÎd h¡- (3) ’«$mo‘ Ûmam (4) Ow§J Ûmam
(1) d§emZwH«$‘ (2) dmVmdaU
27. {ZåZ ‘| go ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ àH$ma h¡-
(3) Cn¶w©³V XmoZm| (4) XmoZm| ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(1) AÝV‘w©Ir
16. dm§{N>V ì¶p³VËd hmoVm h¡- (2) g¡ÕmpÝVH$
(1) AÝV‘w©Ir (2) g§doJr¶ pñWa (3) ep³VhrZ
(3) ~{h‘w©Ir (4) EWbo{Q>H$ (4) gm‘m{OH$

17. dV©‘mZ ‘| ì¶p³VËd Ho$ àH$mam| H$m gdm}Îm‘ dJuH$aU {H$gH$m ‘mZm 28. AÝV‘w©Ir ñd^md dmbo ì¶p³V àm¶…-
OmVm h¡- (1) H$‘ ~mobVo h¢&
(1) Am°bnmoQ>© H$m (2) Ow§J H$m (2) ~hþV ~mobVo h¢&
(3) ‘wao H$m (4) e¡ëS>Z H$m (3) emÝV ~Zo ahVo h¢&
(4) ~mobVo h¢, Vmo ~mobVo hr ahVo h¢&
18. eara aMZm {gÕmÝV Ho$ à{VnmXH$ Wo-
(1) e¡ëS>Z (2) H«o$í‘a 29. ~{h‘w©Ir ì¶p³V hmoVm h¡-
(3) Am°bnmoQ>© (4) Ow§J (1) AmË‘ Ho$pÝÐV
(2) H$‘ ~mobZo dmbm
19. ì¶p³VËd Aܶ¶Z H$s {df¶JV {d{Y h¡- (3) AmXe©dmXr
(1) hñVaoIm Aܶ¶Z (2) g‘mO{‘{V (4) gm‘m[OH$ H$m¶m] ‘| é{M boZo dmbm
(3) amoem© narjU (4) {ZYm©aU‘mZ

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
(3) (3) (4) (4) (1) (3) (2) (2) (1) (1) (2) (4) (1) (3) (3) (2) (4) (1) (1) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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àJʶ ì¶p³VËd n¥îR> 173

30. ~{h‘©wIr ì¶p³V H$s {deofVm h¡- 39. {H$gr ~ÀMo H$m ì¶p³VËd, d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m ³¶m hmoVm h¡?
(1) AmemdmXr hmoVm h¡& (1) ¶moJmË‘H$ à{Vê$n
(2) {MÝVm‘w³V hmoVm h¡& (2) JwUmË‘H$ à{Vê$n
(3) A{YH$ gm‘m{OH$ hmoVm h¡& (3) G$UmË‘H$ à{Vê$n
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r JwUm| go gånÝZ hmoVm h¡& (4) YZmË‘H$ à{Vê$n

31. {ZåZ {d‘mAm| ‘| go {H$g na dh ì¶p³V CÀM àmám§H$ àmá H$aoJm, Omo 40. {H$gHo$ AZwgma, AmO h‘mam ¶h {dMma h¡ {H$ ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm|
~hþV h±g‘wI hmo VWm gm‘m{OH$ hmo? ‘| gånyU© ì¶p³VËd H$m H$moB© ^r Eogm nhby gpå‘{bV hmo gH$Vm h¡,
(1) AmH«$m‘H$Vm (2) ~w{Õ [OgH$s ‘mn H$s Om gH$Vr h¡?
(3) AÝV‘w©IVm (4) ~{h‘w©IVm (1) {n¶mOo Ho$ (2) JmëQ>Z Ho$
(3) pñH$Za Ho$ (4) nmdbm°~ Ho$
32. ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$s à‘wI {deofVm ³¶m hmoVr h¡?
(1) AÝV‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd 41. {H$gZo ‘mZd àH¥${V Ho$ AmYma na ì¶p³VËd Ho$ Xmo à‘wI àH$ma
(2) ì¶p³VËd H$s AZwnpñW{V (AÝV‘w©Ir Am¡a ~{h‘©wIr) ~VmE h¢-
(3) C^¶njr¶ ì¶p³VËd (1) Ow§J Zo (2) {n¶mOo Zo
(4) ~{h‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd (3) ~y«Za Zo (4) ‘mñbmo Zo

33. A˶{YH$ dmMmb, àgÝZ{MÎm H$aZo dmbo VWm gm‘m{OH$ àd¥{Îm Ho$ 42. ’«$m¶S>> H$s ì¶p³VËd Aܶ¶Z {d{Y H$hbmVr h¡-
YZr ì¶p³V H$m ì¶p³VËd hmoVm h¡- (1) dñVw{ZîR> {d{Y (2) g‘mO{‘{V {d{Y
(1) AÝV‘w©Ir (2) ~{h‘w©Ir (3) ‘Zmo{díbofU {d{Y (4) AmË‘{ZîR> {d{Y
(3) gÝVw{bV (4) BZ‘| go g^r
43. àjonU {d{Y¶m| ‘o§ ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU H$m {Z‘m©U {H$gZo {H$¶m-
34. AmܶmpË‘H$ àd¥{Îm Ed§ gm{hp˶H$ é{M dmbm ì¶p³VËd hmoVm h¡- (1) {b¶monmëS> ãboH$ Zo
(1) ‘ogmo‘m°{’©$H$ (2) AÝV‘w©Ir (2) ha‘Z amoem© Zo
(3) ~{h‘w©Ir (4) C^¶‘wIr (3) ‘m°J©Z d ‘wao Zo
(4) {~Zo d gmB‘Z Zo
35. AÝV‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd dmbo ì¶p³V é{M aIVo h¢-
(1) ñd¶§ ‘| (2) AnZo n[adma Ed§ {‘Ìm| ‘| 44. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ àmg§{JH$ ~moY narjU ‘| Hw$b 30 H$mS>© hmoVo h¢, {OZ‘|-
(3) Aݶ g^r ‘| (4) gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶m] ‘| (1) 10 ‘{hbmAm|, 10 nwéfm| Ed§ 10 XmoZm| Ho$ {bE h¢&
(2) 15 ‘{hbmAm| Ho$ {bE d 15 nwéfm| Ho$ {bE h¢&
36. ~{h‘w©Ir {dÚmWu AÝV‘w©Ir {dÚmWu go {H$g {deofVm Ho$ AmYma na (3) g^r 30 ‘{hbmAm| Ed§ nwéfm| XmoZm| Ho$ {bE h¢&
{^ÝZ hmoVm h¡? (4) 20 ~‹S>m| Ho$ {bE d 10 ~ÀMm| Ho$ {bE h¢&
(1) ‘O~yV ^mdZmE±, ngÝXJr Ed§ ZmngÝXJr
(2) ‘Z hr ‘Z naoemZ hmoZo H$s Anojm AnZr ^mdZmAm| H$mo A{^춳V 45. ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s {H$g {d{Y ‘| {H$gr g‘yh Ho$ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘§o go nhbr
H$aVm h¡& ngÝX H$m ì¶p³V MwZZo Ho$ {bE H$hm OmVm h¡?
(3) AnZo ~m¡{ÕH$ H$m¶m] ‘| Sy>~m ahVm h¡& (1) aoqQ>J ñHo$b (2) àíZmdbr
(4) ~mobZo H$s Anojm {bIZo ‘| ~ohVa (3) {ZarjU {d{Y (4) g‘mO{‘{V

37. H$m¡Zgr ì¶p³VËd Aܶ¶Z H$s àjonU {d{Y Zht h¡? 46. amoem© ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU ‘| {H$VZo H$mS²>©g hmoVo h¢?
(1) amoem©Q>oñQ> (2) Q>r. E. Q>r. (1) 5 (2) 20
(3) ‘Zmo{^Z¶ (4) g‘mO{‘{V (3) 30 (4) 10

38. ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘Zmo{díbofUdmXr {dMma {X¶m h¡- 47. àmg§{JH$ AÝV~m}Y narjU H$m {Z‘m©U {H$gZo {H$¶m?
(1) ’«$m¶S>> Zo (2) JoñQ>mëQ>dm{X¶m| Zo (1) ‘m°J©Z d ‘wao Zo (2) amoem© Zo
(3) H¡$Q>b Zo (4) dwS>dW© Zo (3) {~Zo gmB‘Z Zo (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47.
(4) (4) (4) (2) (2) (1) (1) (4) (1) (2) (3) (1) (3) (2) (1) (4) (4) (1)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 174 ì¶p³VËd àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
48. {ZåZ{b[IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr ~mb {dH$mg H$s AdñWm à{VÛÝÛmË‘H$ 58. amoem© ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU H$m {Z‘m©U ha‘Z amoem© Zo H$~ {H$¶m?
g‘mOrH$aU H$m H$mb ‘mZm OmVm h¡? (1) 1915 (2) 1921
(1) ~më¶mdñWm (2) e¡edmdñWm (3) 1925 (4) 1948
(3) àm¡‹T>mdñWm (4) {H$emoamdñWm
59. gdm©{YH$ à¶moJ {H$¶m OmZo dmbm ì¶p³VËd narjU H$m¡Zgm h¡?
49. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {H$g nhby H$m gå~ÝY ‘mZd H$s {H«$¶mAm| go h¡? (1) amoem© narjU (2) àg§JmË‘H$ ~moY
(1) gm‘m{OH$ nhby (2) H$maU gå~ÝYr nhby (3) ~mb àg§JmË‘H$ ~moY (4) g‘mO{‘{V
(3) {H«$¶mË‘H$ nhby (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
60. H«o$í‘a Zo ì¶p³VËd H$m H$m¡Zgm àH$ma Zht ~Vm¶m Wm?
50. {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo ì¶p³VËd H$mo ì¶p³V Ho$ g§J{R>V ì¶dhma H$m (1) EñWo{ZH$ (2) EWbo{Q>H$
gånyU© {MÌ ‘mZm h¡? (3) ñW§{VH$ (4) {nH${ZH$
(1) S>oerb Zo (2) JwS> Zo
61. {H$g {d{Y ‘| ì¶p³V Ho$ {H$gr {deof JwU H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z CgHo$ gm{W¶m|
(3) {Jb’$moS>© Zo (4) S´>oda Zo
go H$adm¶m OmVm h¡?
51. ì¶p³VËd ì¶p³V ‘| {Z{hV ‘Zmo-emar[aH$ àUm{b¶m| H$m J{Verb (1) {ZYm©aU ‘mnZr ‘| (2) g‘mO{‘{V ‘|
g§JR>Z h¡, Omo CgHo$ dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW A{ÛVr¶ g‘m¶moOZ H$mo (3) {ZînmXZ narjU ‘|o (4) g‘mO narjU ‘|
{ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡& ¶h n[a^mfm {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo Xr h¡? 62. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go àíZmdbr {d{Y H$m àH$ma Zht h¡-
(1) Am°bnmoQ>© Zo (2) pñH$Za Zo (1) Iwbr àíZmdbr (2) ~ÝX àíZmdbr
(3) S´>oda Zo (4) ‘Z Zo (3) Am{lV àíZmdbr (4) {‘{lV àíZmdbr
52. ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ Ho$ {bE ì¶p³V H$s gånyU© gyMZmE± àmá H$aZo H$s 63. dm³¶ ¶m H$hmZr ny{V© narjU Ho$ {Z‘m©UH$Vm© Wo-
{d{Y h¡- (1) ‘m°J©Z d ‘wao (2) nmBZo d Q>oÊQ>ba
(1) gmjmËH$ma {d{Y (2) ì¶p³V B{Vhmg {d{Y (3) {~J d hÊQ> (4) ãboH$
(3) {ZarjU {d{Y (4) {ZYm©aU {d{Y
64. ~mb AÝV~m}Y narjU H$m {Z‘m©U {H$gZo {H$¶m?
53. Xme©{ZH$ Am¡a {dMmaH$ ì¶p³V¶m| H$m ì¶p³VËd hmoVm h¡- (1) ‘m°J©Z d ‘wao Zo (2) ObmoQ>m Zo
(1) AÝV‘w©Ir (2) ~{h‘w©Ir (3) {b¶monmëS> ãboH$ Zo (4) ‘moaoZmo Zo
(3) C^¶‘wIr (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
65. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ dJuH$aU H$m AmYma h¡-
54. ~mb AÝV~m}Y narjU H$mo g§emo{YV H$aHo$ ^maVr¶ n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ (1) emar[aH$ JR>Z Am¡a e³bgyaV
AZwHy$b {H$gZo ~Zm¶m? (2) aMZmË‘H$Vm Am¡a ‘m¡{bH$Vm
(1) àmo. e§H$a Zo (2) C‘m Mm¡Yar Zo (3) g‘m¶moOZ Am¡a ~w{Õ
(3) S>m°. Amerdm©X‘ Zo (4) S>m°. ObmoQ>m Zo (4) {MÝVZ Am¡a H$ënZm
55. ~mb AÝV~m}Y narjU {H$g Am¶w dJ© Ho$ {bE {deof Cn¶moJr h¡? 66. EH$ gÝVw{bV ì¶p³VËd dh h¡, {Og‘|-
(1) 1 go 10 df© (2) 3 go 11 df© (1) BX‘² Ed§ na‘ Ah‘² Ho$ ~rM gÝVwbZ ñWm{nV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
(3) 2 go 14 df© (4) 6 go 14 df© (2) BX‘² Ed§ Ah‘² Ho$ ~rM gÝVwbZ ñWm{nV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
(3) Ah‘² Ed§ na‘² Ho$ ~rM gÝVwbZ ñWm{nV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
56. e¡ëS>Z Zo ì¶p³VËd H$m H$m¡Zgm àH$ma Zht ~Vm¶m? (4) ‘O~yV Ah‘² H$mo ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡&
(1) JmobmH¥${V (2) d¥ÎmmH¥${V
(3) Am¶VmH¥${V (4) bå~mH¥${V 67. {Jb’$moS>© Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³VËd H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo à{VH$maH$ ‘|
em{‘b Zht h¡-
57. H$m¡Zgm narjU Ho$db {e{jV bmoJm§o Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJr h¡?
(1) gm‘m{OH$ AZw{H«$¶m (2) g§JR>Z na ~b
(1) Iob d ZmQ>H$ (2) ~mb AÝV~m}Y
(3) gd©ì¶mnr VÎd (4) Am¶ H$m òmoV
(3) amoem© ñ¶mhr Yã~m (4) dm³¶ ¶m H$hmZr ny{V©

48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67.
(1) (3) (1) (1) (2) (1) (2) (2) (2) (4) (3) (1) (3) (1) (3) (2) (3) (4) (4) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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àJʶ ì¶p³VËd n¥îR> 175

68. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ à{VH$maH$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ à{VnmXH$ h¢- 78. EH$mÝV{à¶, g§H$moMr, AmXe©dmXr VWm AmË‘JV ÑpîQ>H$moU dmbo ì¶p³V
(1) ‘Z (2) JwS> Ow§J Ho$ ì¶p³VËd dJuH$aU Ho$ {H$g dJ© ‘| AmVo h¢?
(3) {H$bn¡{Q´>H$ (4) Ama. ~r. H¡$Q>b (1) AÝV‘w©Ir (2) ~{h‘w©Ir
(3) C^¶‘wIr (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
69. {ZåZ ‘| go ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s àjonr ¶wp³V Zht h¡-
(1) ~mb A{^~moYZ narjU (2) eãX gmhM¶© narjU 79. EH$ {dÚmWu ì¶dhma Hw$eb, g§H$moMa{hV, ¶WmW©dmXr VWm gm‘m{OH$
(3) H$hmZr ny{V© narjU (4) g§{MV A{^boI narjU {H«$¶mH$bmnm| ‘| n¶m©á ^mJ boVm h¡, Cgo Ow§J Ho$ {H$g ì¶p³VËd dJ© ‘|
aIm Om gH$Vm h¡?
70. AÝV‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd dmbo ì¶p³V é{M aIVo h¢-
(1) C^¶‘wIr (2) ~{h‘w©Ir
(1) Aݶ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| (2) ñd¶§ AnZo ‘|
(3) AÝV‘w©Ir (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| g^r
(3) ^m¡{VH$ H$m¶m] ‘| (4) gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶m] ‘|
80. H«o$í‘a Zo emar[aH$ aMZm Ho$ AmYma na ì¶p³VËd H$mo EñWo{Z³g,
71. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s {ZåZ ‘| H$m¡Zgr {d{Y Zht h¡?
(1) àíZmdbr narjU (2) S´>m-E-‘¡Z EWobo{Q>³g, {S>gßbmpñQ>H$ VWm ........... ê$n ‘| ~m±Q>m h¡&
(3) gd} narjU (4) àjonU narjU (1) ßbmpñQ>H$ (2) {nH${ZH$
(3) à’w$ëb (4) ‘ogmo‘m°{’©$H$
72. dh {d{Y, Omo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ JwUm| H$m AZw‘mZ bJmZo Ho$ {b¶o à¶w³V
81. ñn«¢Ja Zo {H$g AmYma na ì¶p³VËd H$m dJuH$aU àñVwV {H$¶m h¡?
hmoVr h¡, H$hbmVr h¡-
(1) emar[aH$ aMZm
(1) ‘mnZ aoIm {d{Y
(2) ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ JwU
(2) ì¶p³VJV {ZXmZ {d{Y
(3) ‘yë¶
(3) ‘ZmoZrV {d{Y
(4) ñd^md
(4) àjonU {d{Y
82. ¶{X H$moB© ì¶p³V à˶oH$ (A{YH$m§eV…) n[apñW{V ‘| g§doJmË‘H$
73. ñà¢Ja Zo ì¶p³VËd H$mo {H$VZo dJm] ‘§o ~m±Q>m h¡?
(1) 4 (2) 8 ApñWaVm àX[e©V H$aVm h¡, Vmo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ê$n ‘| H$hm Om gH$Vm
(3) 6 (4) 3 h¡ {H$ Cg‘| g§doJmË‘H$ ApñWaVm H$m ........... h¡&
(1) JwU (2) erbJwU
74. ì¶p³VËd H$m ~{h‘w©Ir-AÝV‘w©Ir dJuH$aU gd©àW‘ {H$gHo$ Ûmam (3) ‘mZXÊS> (4) ‘ybàd¥{Îm
àñVwV {H$¶m J¶m?
(1) Am°bnmoQ>© Ûmam (2) ñà¢Ja Ûmam 83. Eogo ì¶p³V, {OZ‘| AÝV‘w©Ir Ed§ ~{h‘w©Ir XmoZm| dJm] H$s {deofVmE±
(3) ’«$m¶S>> Ûmam (4) Ow§J Ûmam nm¶r OmVr h¢, CÝh| ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo H$hm h¡-
(1) AYmo‘wIr (2) gd©‘wIr
75. H«o$í‘a Zo ì¶p³VËd H$mo {H$VZo dJm] ‘| ~m±Q>m h¡? (3) C^¶‘wIr (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(1) 5 (2) 4
(3) 2 (4) 6 84. ‘O~yV ‘m±gno{e¶m| Ed§ h[ȶm| dmbo, g{H«$¶, n[al‘r VWm gmhgr
ì¶p³V e¡ëS>>Z Ho$ {H$g dJ© ‘| gpå‘{bV h¡?
76. e¡ëS>Z Ho$ EÊS>mo‘m{’©$H$ dJuH$aU ‘| H¡$go ì¶p³V gpå‘{bV h¢? (1) EÊS>mo‘m°{’©$H$
(1) ep³VhrZ, Xþ~bo-nVbo, g§H$moMr VWm AÝV‘w©Ir (2) ‘ogmo‘m°{’©$H$
(2) ‘O~yV, g{H«$¶, n[al‘r VWm ’w$Vubo (3) E³Q>mo‘m°{’©$H$
(3) ‘moQ>o, H$mo‘b VWm Jmob eara dmbo Amam‘ ngÝX (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
85. H«o$í‘a Ho$ EñWo{Z³g dJ© ‘| H¡$go ì¶p³V gpå‘{bV h¢?
77. Ah§ep³V, gm‘m{OH$Vm, hR>dm{XVm B˶m{X ³¶m h¡? (1) ‘O~yV emar[aH$ JR>Z dmbo
(1) g§doJ (2) àoaUm (2) emar[aH$ ê$n go H$‘Omoa, bå~o VWm nVbo
(3) erbJwU (4) ‘ybàd¥{Îm (3) ‘moQ>o VWm N>moQ>o
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85.
(4) (4) (2) (3) (1) (1) (4) (2) (3) (3) (1) (2) (2) (3) (2) (3) (3) (2)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 176 ì¶p³VËd àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
86. N>moQ>o, ‘moQ>o, Mm¡‹S>o VWm Jmob ì¶p³V Ho«o$í‘a Ûmam {H$¶o J¶o ì¶p³VËd 94. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr ì¶p³VËd ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s EH$ {d{Y Zht h¡?
dJuH$aU H$s {H$g loUr ‘| AmVo h¢? (1) OZ{ZH$ {d{Y (2) ‘Z…PÝPmH$aU {d{Y
(1) EWobo{Q>³g (2) EñWo{Z³g (3) Ho$g Aܶ¶Z {d{Y (4) àjonU {d{Y
(3) {nH${Z³g (4) {S>ñßbmpñQ>³g
95. ì¶p³VËd H$s {deofVm {H$g ê$n ‘| ~Vm¶r Om gH$Vr h¡?
87. ‘O~yV, Mm¡‹S>o H$ÝYo Ed§ grZo VWm gÝVw{bV eara dmbo ì¶p³V H«o$í‘a (1) emar[aH$ {deofVmAm| Ho$ g‘wÀM¶
Ho$ {H$g dJ© ‘| AmVo h¢? (2) ‘Zmod¥{Îm¶m| Am¡a erbJwUm| H$m g‘wÀM¶
(1) EñWo{Z³g (2) {S>ñßbmpñQ>³g (3) n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ à{V à{V{H«$¶m H$aZo H$s g‘wÀM¶ e¡br
(3) {nH${Z³g (4) EWobo{Q>³g (4) Cnamo³V g^r

88. ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s àjonr ¶wp³V¶m| Ho$ AÝVJ©V Zht h¡- 96. namh‘² ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g EH$ nj H$m à{V{Z{YËd
(1) amoem© H$m ñ¶mhr Ho$ Yã~m| dmbm narjU H$aVm h¡?
(2) AÝVíMoVZm{^ ~moYZ narjU (1) Z¡{VH$ (2) Ym{‘©H$
(3) ~mb A{^~moYZ narjU (3) ‘ybàd¥Î¶mË‘H$ (4) AVm{H©$H$
(4) n[apñW{V narjU
97. ì¶p³VËd Aܶ¶Z Ho$ àmMrZV‘ CnmJ‘m| Zo ‘mZd ì¶dhma H$s ì¶m»¶m
89. H«o$í‘a Omo {H$ {dÛmZ h¢, CÝhm|Zo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ Mma àH$ma {H$g AmYma H$s h¡-
na ~VmE? (1) ‘yb àd¥{Îm Ho$ gÝX^© ‘|
(1) ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ Ho$ AmYma na (2) n¶m©daUr¶ CÔrnH$m| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘|
(2) ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m| Ho$ AmYma na (3) OZ{ZH$ H$maH$m| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘|
(3) emar[aH$ g§aMZm Ho$ AmYma na (4) OÝ‘OmV erbJwUm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘|
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
98. Q>r.E.Q>r. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gH$m g‘wÀM¶ h¡?
90. {‘ZogmoQ>m ~hþnjr¶ ì¶p³VËd gyMr H$m {Z‘m©U gd©àW‘ {H$gZo {H$¶m? (1) 31 H$mbr d ídoV Vñdra| VWm EH$ [a³V H$mS>©
(1) nmoQ>©a Ed§ H¡$Q>b Zo (2) 30 H$mbr d ídoV Vñdra| d EH$ [a³V H$mS>©
(2) {Jb’$moS>© Ed§ {O‘a‘¡Z Zo (3) 32 H$mbr d ídoV Vñdra|
(3) hmWdo Ed§ ‘¡{H$Zbo Zo (4) 30 H$mbr d ídoV Vñdra|
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
99. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ àmê$n {gÕmÝVm| H$s g~go n¥W³H$mar {deofVm> ³¶m h¡?
91. N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$mo ‘mnZo Am¡a nam‘e© XoZo Ho$ {bE {Og nÕ{V H$m (1) eara {dݶmg VWm ñd^md ‘| gå~ÝY
à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡- (2) eara {dݶmgm| H$m dJuH$aU
(1) {ZarjUmË‘H$ nÕ{V (2) gmjmËH$ma {d{Y (3) àmê$nr A{^bjU
(3) à¶moJmË‘H$ nÕ{V (4) g¡ÕmpÝVH$ {d{Y (4) ‘Z…emar[aH$ CnmJ‘

92. Am°bnmoQ>© Ho$ ì¶p³VËd {gÕmÝV H$m CX²^d {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gHo$ 100. CnbpãY à{V‘mdbr H$m Aܶ¶Z {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g narjU
nyd©Jm‘r Ho$ ê$n ‘| hþAm? Ûmam {H$¶m OmVm h¡?
(1) ‘Zmo{díbofU (2) ì¶dhmadmX (1) amoem©$ narjU Ûmam
(3) ‘mZdVmdmXr ÑpîQ>H$moU (4) ApñVËddmX (2) Q>r.E.Q>r. Ûmam
(3) dm³¶ ny{V© narúmU Ûmam
93. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ì¶p³VËd H$m àjonr narjU Zht h¡? (4) S´>m E ‘¡Z Q>oñQ> Ûmam
(1) g¡H$ H$m dm³¶ ny{V© narjU
(2) eãX gmhM¶© narjU 101. {ZåZ{b{IV {H$g narjU ‘| gm‘m{OH$ ~w{Õ EH$ ì¶p³VËd Am¶m‘
(3) hmoëQ²>O‘¡Z ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU h¡?
(4) Ebo³OoÊS>a nmg Ebm±J narjU (1) E‘.nr.AmB©. (2) gr.nr.AmB©.
(3) 16 nr.E’$. àíZmdbr (4) E‘.E‘.nr.AmB©

86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101.
(3) (4) (4) (3) (3) (2) (3) (4) (2) (4) (1) (1) (2) (1) (2) (2)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ ì¶p³VËd n¥îR> 177

102. ì¶p³VËd Aܶ¶Z Ho$ àmMrZV‘ CnmJ‘m| Zo ‘mZd ì¶dhma H$s ì¶m»¶m 111. AZw{H«$¶m e¡br Ho$ à^md H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV H$aZo hoVw ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ ‘|
H$s h¡- {ZåZ{b{IV à{d{Y¶m| ‘| go {H$gH$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡?
(1) ‘ybàd¥{Îm go (2) n¶m©daUr¶ CÔrnH$m| go (1) ~hþ{dH$ën à{d{Y H$m (2) AZwH«${‘H$ dJ© à{d{Y H$m
(3) OZ{ZH$ H$maH$m| go (4) OÝ‘OmV erbJwUm| go (3) dbH¥$V AZw{H«$¶m à{d{Y H$m (4) ‘w³V AZw{H«$¶m à{d{Y H$m

103. àH¥${V Ho$ AmYma na ì¶p³VËd H$m {d^mOZ {H$gZo {H$¶m h¡? 112. ì¶p³VËd ‘mn{Z¶m| H$s d¡YVm ‘| à‘wI ~mYm h¡-
(1) ES>ba Zo (2) AmBÝOoH$ Zo (1) A{ZpíMV AZw{H«$¶m loUr (2) AZw{H«$¶m e¡{b¶m±
(3) {d{b¶‘ Ooåg Zo (4) H¡$Q>b Zo (3) narjU H$m ñnîQ> CÔoí¶ (4) ì¶p³V-pñW{V AÝV{H«©$¶m

104. gmjmËH$ma, g§{já dmVm©bmn Ûmam ì¶p³V H$mo g‘PZo H$s {d{Y h¡& 113. {Og ì¶p³V H$m eara JR>Z aoIr¶ VWm ZwH$sbmnZ {bE hþE Am¡a CgHo$
ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s gmjmËH$ma {d{Y Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m A{^bjH$ ì¶dhma ‘| EH$mÝV{à¶Vm, empÝV{à¶Vm VWm EH$mH$snZ
h¡? H$m Am^mg {‘bo CgH$m ñd^md e¡ëS>Z Ho$ AZwgma {H$g àH$ma H$m
(1) J¡aoQ> H$m (2) dwS>dW© H$m hmoJm?
(3) hmQ>©emZ© H$m (4) nmoboÝñH$s H$m (1) H$m¶©àYmZ (2) à‘pñVîH$ àYmZ
(3) AÝVam§JàYmZ (4) Hw$J{R>V
105. ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s àíZmdbr {d{Y ‘| O~ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma hm± ¶m Zht
‘| XoZo hmoVo h¢, Vmo ¶h H$hbmVr h¢- 114. AnZo ì¶p³VËd {gÕmÝV ‘| Ow§J Zo {H$g gåà˶¶ H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m
(1) ~ÝX àíZmdbr (2) Iwbr àíZmdbr Wm?
(3) g{MÌ àíZmdbr (4) {‘{lV àíZmdbr (1) AMoVZ (2) gm‘y{hH$ AMoVZ
(3) AÕ©MoVZ (4) loîR>Vm Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aZm
106. {H$gHo$ AZwgma ì¶p³VËd ì¶p³V Ho$ g§J{R>V ì¶dhma H$m gånyU© {MÌ
hmoVm h¡? 115. ì¶p³VËd H$s AÝV‘w©Ir-~{h‘w©Ir {d‘mE± {deof ê$n go gå~pÝYV h¢-
(1) S>oerb (2) ‘Z (1) e¡ëS>Z go (2) AmBOoÝH$ go
(3) Am°bnmoQ>© (4) S´>oda (3) H¡$Q>b go (4) {d{b¶‘ Ooåg go

107. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {H$g nhby H$m gå~ÝY ‘mZd H$s {H«$¶mAm| go h¡- 116. {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ Ho$ {bE H$m¡Zgm àjonr¶ narjU Zht h¡?
(1) gm‘m{OH$ nhby (2) H$maU gå~ÝYr nhby (1) eo³g dm³¶ ny{V© narjU
(3) {H«$¶mË‘H$ nhby (4) Bg‘| go H$moB© Zht (2) eãX gmhM¶© narjU
(3) hmoëQ²>O‘¡Z ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU
108. ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s H$m¡Zgr {d{Y ‘| ì¶p³V H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z CgHo$ (4) Ebo³OoÊS>a nmg-Ebm±J narjU
gånH©$ ‘| ahZo dmbo bmoJm| go H$adm¶m OmVm h¡?
(1) n[apñW{V narjU {d{Y (2) ì¶dhma narjU {d{Y 117. ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZr H$s {Og {d{Y ‘| ì¶p³V Ho$ gm‘Zo Hw$N> AñnîQ> Ed§
(3) OrdZ B{Vhmg {d{Y (4) ‘mZXÊS>-‘yë¶m§H$Z {d{Y Ag§a{MV CÔrnH$ {XE OmVo h¢ Am¡a CZHo$ n«{V H$s JB© AZw{H«$¶mAm| Ho$
AmYma na ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘mnZ hmoVm h¡, Cgo H$hm OmVm h¡-
109. ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s {H$g {d{Y ‘| ì¶p³V H$mo {MÌ {XImH$a CgHo$ (1) àjonr¶ {d{Y (2) àojU {d{Y
AmYma na {bIr JB© H$hmZr Ho$ {díbofU Ûmam ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z (3) ì¶p³VËd Am{dîH$m[aH$m (4) gmjmËH$ma {d{Y
{H$¶m OmVm h¡?
(1) ì¶p³V n[agyMr (2) àjonU {d{Y 118. ’«$m¶S>> Ho$ AZwgma OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ CnpñWV ì¶p³VËd VÎd H$mo H$hm
(3) ‘mZXÊS> ‘yë¶m§H$Z {d{Y (4) OrdZ B{Vhmg {d{Y OmVm h¡-
(1) Ah‘² (2) ajm àH«$‘
110. ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s {H$g {d{Y ‘| {H$gr g‘yh Ho$ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| go nhbr (3) namh‘² (4) Cnmh‘²
ngÝX H$m ì¶p³V MwZZo Ho$ {bE H$hm OmVm h¡?
(1) aoqQ>J ñHo$b (2) àíZmdbr 119. Cnmh‘² Ed§ namh‘² XmoZm| hr h¡-
(3) {ZarjU {d{Y (4) g‘mO{‘{V (1) AmZÝX MmhZo dmbo (2) AmdoJerbVm
(3) AVm{H©$H$ (4) Vm{H©$H$

102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119.
(3) (3) (2) (1) (1) (3) (4) (2) (4) (4) (1) (2) (2) (2) (4) (1) (2) (3)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 178 ì¶p³VËd àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
120. ’«$m¶S>> Ho$ AZwgma {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| H$m¡Z ì¶p³VËd H$m dh ^mJ h¡, Omo 128. Omo bmoJ gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶m] ‘| hmW ~±Q>mZo dmbo hmoVo h¢, hmñ¶{චVWm
‘moQ>o Vm¡a na {ddoH$ go {‘bVm-OwbVm h¡? hm{OaOdm~ hmoVo h¢, CÝh| Ow§J Ho$ AZwgma {H$g loUr ‘| aIm OmEJm?
(1) Cnmh‘² (2) Ah‘² (1) AÝV‘w©Ir (2) ~{h‘w©Ir
(3) namh‘² (4) {b{dS>m| (3) C^¶‘wIr (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

121. H$mb© amoOg© Ho$ AZwgma Hw$g‘m¶moOZ H$m AmYma d¡få¶ h¡- 129. {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go {H$go Amn ì¶p³VËd Ho$ O¡{dH$ {ZYm©aH$m| H$s gyMr
(1) BX‘² VWm namh‘² Ho$ ‘ܶ ‘| Zht aI|Jo?
(2) dmñV{dH$ ñd VWm AmXe© ñd Ho$ ‘ܶ (1) V{ÝÌH$m VÝÌ (2) emar[aH$ JR>Z
(3) ñd VWm dmVmdaU Ho$ ‘ܶ (3) nr¶yf J«pÝW (4) ñHy$b
(4) AMoVZ VWm MoVZ Ho$ ‘ܶ
130. à{V~b go ì¶p³V X¡{ZH$ OrdZ ‘| {H$g àH$ma go ~Mmd H$aVm h¡?
122. Ah‘² H$m àYmZ H$m¶© {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go ³¶m h¡? (1) ‘ZmoaMZmAm| Ûmam
(1) gm‘m{OH$ ê$n go àñVm{dV VarH$m| go Cnmh‘² H$s BÀN>mAm| H$s VwpîQ> (2) Jhar Zr§X boH$a
H$aZm (3) g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ûmam
(2) Cnmh‘² H$s BÀN>mAm| H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV H$aZm (4) ‘Zmo{M{H$ËgH$ H$s gbmh boH$a
(3) Cnmh‘² go namh‘² VH$ D$Om©Am| H$m ñWmZmÝVaU H$aZm
(4) d¡go ì¶dhma H$mo CÝZV ~ZmZm, Omo ñdmW©hrZ Ed§ Z¡{VH$ h¡& 131. H¡$Q>b Ûmam {H$VZo ‘yb erbJwUm| H$mo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {bE ‘hÎdnyU© ‘mZm
J¶m h¡?
123. ’«$m¶S>> Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg H$s g~go ‘hÎdnyU© Ad{Y h¡- (1) 22 (2) 23
(1) OÝ‘ go 5 ¶m 6 gmb VH$ (3) 35 (4) 16
(2) 5 ¶m 6 gmb go VéUmdñWm VH$
(3) {H$emoamdñWm 132. dwS>dW© Zo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ erbJwUm| H$s g§»¶m {H$VZr ~VmB© h¡?
(4) d¶ñH$mdñWm (1) 10 (2) 11
(3) 12 (4) 15
124. bå~o VWm Xþ~bo-nVbo H$X Ho$ ì¶p³V H$mo Ho«$í‘a Ho$ AZwgma {H$g
loUr ‘| aIm OmVm h¡? 133. àjonU {d{Y¶m| ‘| amoem© ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m-
(1) EñWo{ZH$ (2) EWobo{Q>H$ (1) WñQ>©Z amoem© Zo
(3) {S>ñßbmpñQ>H$ (4) {nH${ZH$ (2) ha‘Z amoem© Zo
(3) {~Zo amoem© Zo
125. Omo ì¶p³V g§doXZerb, bOmbw Ed§ e§H$mbw àd¥{Îm Ho$ hmoVo h¢, CZH$s (4) gmB‘Z amoem© Zo
{MÎmàH¥${V H$mo Amn {H$g loUr ‘| aI|Jo?
(1) {dgamoQ>mo{Z¶m (2) gmo‘¡Q>moQ>mo{Z¶m 134. {hßnmoH«o$Q²>g Zo ì¶p³VËd H$m dJuH$aU {H$g AmYma na {H$¶m h¡?
(3) goar~«moQ>mo{Z¶m (4) pñH$Omo’«o${Z¶m (1) gm‘m{OH$Vm Ho$ AmYma na
(2) emar[aH$ ~ZmdQ> Ho$ AmYma na
126. {Og ì¶p³V H$m emar[aH$ H$X gwS>m¡b Ed§ ‘m±gno{e¶m± ‘O~yV hmoVr h¢, (3) g§doJ (ñd^md) Ho$ AmYma na
Cgo {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go {H$g loUr ‘| aIm OmVm h¡? (4) qMVZ Ed§ H$ënZmep³V Ho$ AmYma na
(1) EÊS>mo‘m°’$s©
(2) ‘ogmo‘m°’$s© 135. emar[aH$ ~ZmdQ> Ho$ AmYma na ì¶p³VËd H$m dJuH$aU H$aZo dmbo
(3) E³Q>mo‘m°’$s© ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ h¢-
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht (1) H«o$í‘a Ed§ e¡ëS>Z (2) Ow§J
(3) ’«$m¶S>> (4) ES>ba
127. Omo bmoJ Amam‘ ngÝX, ^moOZ {චVWm Xÿgam| H$m ñZoh Ed§ ߶ma nmZo
H$mo BÀNw>H$ hmoVo h¢, CÝh| {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go {H$g loUr ‘| aIm OmEJm? 136. Q>‘©Z Zo {H$g AmYma na ì¶p³VËd H$m dJuH$aU {H$¶m h¡?
(1) EÊS>mo‘m°’$s© (2) ‘ogmo‘m°’$s© (1) gm‘m{OH$Vm (2) ~w{Õ bpãY
(3) E³Q>mo‘m°’$s© (4) AÝV‘w©Ir (3) emar[aH$ ~ZmdQ> (4) {dMmaerbVm

120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136.
(3) (2) (1) (1) (1) (3) (2) (1) (2) (4) (1) (4) (3) (2) (3) (1) (2)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ ì¶p³VËd n¥îR> 179

137. ì¶p³VËd H$mo CgH$s gm‘m{OH$Vm Ho$ AmYma na AÝV‘w©Ir, ~{h‘w©Ir (2) ì¶p³VËd JwUm| H$m EH$ J˶mË‘H$ g§JR>Z h¡&
Ed§ C^¶‘wIr dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV H$aZo dmbo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ h¢- (3) ì¶p³VËd ì¶p³V H$mo Anyd© g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo ‘| ‘XX H$aVm h¡&
(1) ’«$m¶S>> (2) Ow§J (4) ì¶p³VËd EH$ ‘Zmoemar[aH$ VÝÌ h¡&
(3) ES>ba (4) Am°bnmoQ>©
143. gyMr-I Ho$ nXm| H$mo gyMr-II Ho$ nXm| go gw‘o{bV H$s{OE Am¡a ZrMo {XE
138. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo ì¶p³VËd H$m dJuH$aU {H$g AmYma na {H$¶m h¡? JE Hy$Q> ‘| go ghr CÎma Mw{ZE-
(1) erb JwU gyMr-I gyMr-II
(2) emar[aH$ ~ZmdQ> (i) Q>r.E.Q>r 1. ES>dS>©
(3) OrdZ bú¶ Ed§ CZH$s ny{V© hoVw à¶ËZ (ii) 16 nr.E’$. 2. AmBOoÝH$
(4) H$ënZm Ed§ {dMma ep³V (iii) B©.nr. ³¶y. 3. ‘wao
(iv) B©.nr.nr.Eg. 4. H¡$Q>b
139. N>mÌm| Ho$ gånyU© ì¶p³VËd H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ {bE AܶmnH$ H$mo-
(1) ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m kmZ hmoZm Oê$ar h¡& Hy$Q> (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(2) CZHo$ gmW ‘¡Ìr gå~ÝY aIZm Amdí¶H$ h¡&
(3) AnZr {dÛVm H$m à¶moJ H$aZm hmoVm h¡& (1) 1 2 3 4
(4) g‘¶-g‘¶ na CZHo$ A{^^mdH$m| go {‘bVoo ahZm Mm{hE& (2) 2 3 4 1
(3) 3 4 2 1
140. {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go H$m¡Z ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ‘mnZ Ho$ {bE gmjmËH$ma H$m (4) 1 4 3 2
Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¢?
(1) EH$ Z¡Xm{ZH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ 144. amoem© narjU Ho$ ~mao ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ g˶ Zht h¡?
(2) H$ånZr H$m EH$ H$m{‘©H$ nXm{YH$mar (1) amoem© narjU EH$ A{^H¥$˶mË‘H$ àH$ma H$m àjonr narjU h¡&
(3) EH$ gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶©H$Vm© (2) amoem© narjU ì¶p³VËd H$s gånyU© ê$n go Z¡Xm{ZH$ Om±M H$aVm h¡&
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r (3) ¶h ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ VWm A~m¡{ÕH$ XmoZm| hr àH$ma Ho$ erbJwUm| H$m
‘mnZ h¡&
141. {ZåZ H$mo gw‘o{bV H$s{OE- (4) BgH$m ‘yb^yV à¶moOZ ì¶p³VËd H$s AÝVd©ñVw O¡go àUmoXZ,
{deofVm- Amdí¶H$Vm, ñd¡aH$ënZm, Hw$ÊR>mAm| B˶m{X H$mo COmJa H$aZm h¡&
(A) ZoV¥Ëd, amOZr{VH$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ àd¥{Îm dmbm
(B) {M{ÝVV ñd^md dmbm 145. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ g‘pîQ>‘ybH$ CnmJ‘ Ho$ ~mao ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm
(C) {Og ì¶p³V Ho$ JwU Z Vmo A{YH$ Vrd« hmo Am¡a Z EH$m§Jr H$WZ g˶ Zht h¡?
(D) Amdí¶H$VmZwgma AnZo {dMmam| ‘| n[adV©Z H$a boZo dmbm (1) ¶h d¥hV² g§»¶m ‘| à¶moÁ¶m| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡&
ì¶p³VËd- (2) ¶h Am¡gVm| Ho$ AmYma na bmoJm| H$m dU©Z H$aVm h¡&
(i) ~{h‘w©Ir (3) ¶h {Z¶‘ àñVwV H$aVm h¡, Omo g^r bmoJm| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aVo
(ii) AÝV‘w©Ir h¢&
(iii) C^¶‘wIr (4) ¶h bmoJm| ‘| VwbZm H$aVm h¡&
(iv) ~{h‘w©Ir
146. ‘Zmo{díbofUdmXr {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³VËd Ho$ AmYma^yV ñVå^
A B C D h¢- Cnmh‘², Ah‘² VWm namh‘²& BZ VrZm| H$m H«$‘e… à{V{Z{YËd
(1) i iii iv ii {H$¶m OmVm h¡-
(1) O¡{dH$, ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ VWm gm‘m{OH$ Am¶m‘m| ‘|
(2) ii i iii iv
(2) AMoVZ, MoVZ Ed§ AmË‘-VmXmËå¶ Am¶m‘m| ‘|
(3) i ii iii iv (3) ‘wImdñWm, A춳VmdñWm VWm OZopÝж AdñWm
(4) ii iii iv i (4) àmH²$ MoVZ, AdMoVZ VWm AMoVZ

142. {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go Ag˶ H$WZ h¡-

(1) ì¶p³VËd Ho$db emar[aH$ JwUm| H$m g§JR>Z hmoVm h¡& *******

137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146.
(2) (4) (1) (1) (3) (1) (3) (2) (3) (2)