Interfacing RTC DS3231 With 8051 Microcontroller - Codrey Electronics

26/9/2018 Interfacing RTC DS3231 with 8051 Microcontroller - Codrey Electronics
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Interfacing RTC DS3231 with 8051

Microcontroller
LAST UPDATED ON JUNE 3, 2018 BY KUMAR — LEAVE A COMMENT
Have you ever thought how your computer and smart gadgets displays time? This is
done using an RTC (Real Time Clock). This tutorial explains DS3231 RTC interfacing with
8051 using I2C.
After the end of the tutorial, you will know how to write an embedded c code for DS3231
RTC using I2C protocol.
To show the date and time, I have connected both PC as well as LCD. In this article, I will
explain how to display date and time on LCD using DS3231.
Contents [hide]
1 DS3231 RTC Hardware Connection

2 Steps to Program DS3231
https://www.codrey.com/microcontroller-projects/interfacing-rtc-ds3231-with-8051-microcontroller/ 1/19
3 C code for RTC DS3231

4 Proteus Simulation
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5 Applications of DS3231
6 Final Thoughts
updates
DS3231 RTC Hardware Connection
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I have picked up 8051 microcontroller as master and DS3231 acting as a slave device.
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Pull up resistors are connected to the SDA and SCL pins of RTC to the microcontroller.
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It is recommended to use 10K ohms pull up resistance for the proper working of RTC.
The INT_RTC is left unconnected and it can be used to generate alarm interrupts for
external or internal events.
Connection Diagram
To get started with Real Time Clock it is required to know the working of DS3231. Here
are steps required to program the RTC.
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Steps to Program DS3231 updates
#1 Initialize the RTC by setting the Control Register
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void Initialize_RTC (void) Email Address *

{
Write_To__RTC(control_Register, 0x00);
Write_To__RTC(Status_Register, 0x08);
} SUBSCRIBE
When all the bits in the control register are set to zero, the oscillator will run its clock
until VBAT is applied.
But, it is not required for date and time. As temperature conversion is not required for
displaying time and date, set the CONV=0.
Bit Name Setting
0 A1IE 0
1 A2IE 0
2 INTCN 0
3 RS1 0
4 RS2 0
5 CONV 0
6 BBSQW 0
7 EOSC 0
#2 Initialize the RTC by setting the Status Register

Status Register Byte:
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This register monitors the status of time keeping registers such as date, month, year,
minute, hour and second.
updates
To enable this register set EN32kHz bit to ‘1’. Your Name
Bit Name Email Address

Setting *
0 A1F 0
1 A2F 0
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2 BSY 0
3 EN32kHz 1
4 0 0
5 0 0
6 0 0
7 OSF 0
#3 Set the Date and Time using Time keeping registers
RTC Registers in DS3231
RTC Address 0x68
Read Address D1
Write Address D0
Date 0x04
Month 0x05
Year 0x06
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Minute updates
0x01
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Hour 0x02
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Now, you can set the date and time parameters by using setTime and setDate functions.
The RTC has set with 0x60, 0x40 to enable hour format and AM/PM.
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void setTime(unsigned char sethour, unsigned char setminute, unsigned char setsecond,
short am_pm, short hour_twelve_twentyfour)
{
unsigned char temp = 0;
Write_To__RTC(second, Convert_DECIMAL_BCD(setsecond));
Write_To__RTC(minute, Convert_DECIMAL_BCD(setminute));
switch(hour_twelve_twentyfour)
{
case 1:
{
switch(am_pm)
{
case 1:
{
temp = 0x60;
break;
}
default:
{
temp = 0x40;
break;
}
}
Write_To__RTC(hour,((temp|(0x1F&(Convert_DECIMAL_BCD(sethour))))));
break;
}
default:
{
Write_To__RTC(hour, (0x3F & (Convert_DECIMAL_BCD(sethour))));
break;
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} updates
}
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}
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To set the day, date, month year use 04, 05, 06 address. The time and calendar registers
are prede ned in BCD format. So, we have to convert the Decimal format to BCD notation
to write data to RTC.
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void setDate(unsigned char setday, unsigned char setdate, unsigned char setmonth,
unsigned char setyear)
{
Write_To__RTC(day, (Convert_DECIMAL_BCD(setday)));
Write_To__RTC(date, (Convert_DECIMAL_BCD(setdate)));
Write_To__RTC(month, (Convert_DECIMAL_BCD(setmonth)));
Write_To__RTC(year, (Convert_DECIMAL_BCD(setyear)));
}
After writing the data, we can read the timekeeping registers using following functions.
#4 Reading the date and Time
The calendar registers and timekeeping register in RTC gives BCD format. Hence, to read
the RTC date and time, convert BCD format to decimal notation.
void Readtime(void)
{
unsigned char temp = 0,hour_twelve_twentyfour,t;
RTCsec = Read_From_RTC(second);
RTCsec = Convert_BCD_DECIMAL (RTCsec);
RTCmin = Read_From_RTC (minute);
RTCmin = Convert_BCD_DECIMAL (RTCmin);

hour_twelve_twentyfour=0; //For 24 hour type
switch (hour_twelve_twentyfour)
{
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case 1: updates
{
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temp = Read_From_RTC(hour);
temp &= 0x20;
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t= (short)(temp>> 5);
RTC_hour = (0x1F & Read_From_RTC(hour));
RTC_hour = Convert_BCD_DECIMAL(RTC_hour);
break;
} SUBSCRIBE
default:
{
RTC_hour = Convert_BCD_DECIMAL(RTC_hour);
break;
}
}
}
void ReadDate(void)
{
RTCyear = Read_From_RTC(year);
RTCyear = Convert_BCD_DECIMAL(RTCyear );
RTCmonth = (0x1F & Read_From_RTC(month));
RTCmonth = Convert_BCD_DECIMAL(RTCmonth );
RTCdate= (0x3F & Read_From_RTC(date));
RTCdate= Convert_BCD_DECIMAL(RTCdate);
RTCday= (0x07 & Read_From_RTC(day));
RTCday= Convert_BCD_DECIMAL(RTCday);
}
LCD Functions for RTC DS3231
You might struggle if you are working with LCD to display date and time. Because the
time and date format of RTC is in integer format. The problem is the LCD displays only
ASCII characters. Hence, I have written an integer to ASCII function for LCD.
Function to Convert an Integer to ASCII format
1. Extract the integer.

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2. Add 0x30 to convert into ASCII.
3. Store the ASCII character in the array. updates
4. Divide the integer to until zero. Your Name
5. Reverse the array to convert to original form.
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void Show_Integer_Ascii(unsigned char lineno, unsigned char cursor_position, unsigned

long value)
{
unsigned char a[11], b[11], i, m, n; SUBSCRIBE
if (value == 0 && cursor_position == 4)
{
goto loop1;
}
else if (value == 0)
{
b[0] = '0';
b[1] = '\0';
goto loop;
}
loop1: for (i = 0; i < 11; i++)
{
a[i] = (value % 10) + 0x30;
value = value / 10;
if (value == 0)
break;
}
a[i + 1] = '\0';
n= 0;
for (m = i; m >= 0; m--) {
b[n] = a[m];
n++;
if (m == 0)
break;
}
b[n] = '\0';
loop: if (lineno == 1)
Disp_Data(lineno, cursor_position, b);
if (lineno == 2)
Disp_Data(lineno, cursor_position, b);
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memset(b,0,sizeof(b)); updates
}
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Displaying Date on LCD Email Address *
void Display_Date_LCD(void)
{
ReadDate(); SUBSCRIBE
Disp_Data(1, 7, "/");
if(RTCdate>=0 && RTCdate <=9)
{
Disp_Data (1, 5, "0");
Show_Integer_Ascii (1, 6, RTCdate);
}
else
{
Show_Integer_Ascii(1,5,RTCdate);
}
Disp_Data(1, 10, "/");
if(RTCmonth>=0 && RTCmonth <=9)
{
Disp_Data(1, 8, "0");
Show_Integer_Ascii(1,9,RTCmonth);
}
else
{
Show_Integer_Ascii(1,8,RTCmonth);
}
if(RTCyear>=0 && RTCyear <=9)
{
Disp_Data(1, 11, "0");
Show_Integer_Ascii(1,12,RTCyear);
}
else
{
Show_Integer_Ascii(1,11,RTCyear);
}
}
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Displaying Time on LCD Your Name
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void Readtime(void)
{
unsigned char temp = 0,hour_twelve_twentyfour,t;
RTCsec = Read_From_RTC(second);
RTCsec = Convert_BCD_DECIMAL(RTCsec); SUBSCRIBE
RTCmin = Read_From_RTC(minute);
RTCmin = Convert_BCD_DECIMAL(RTCmin);
hour_twelve_twentyfour=0; //For 24 hour type
switch(hour_twelve_twentyfour)
{
case 1:
{
temp = Read_From_RTC(hour);
temp &= 0x20;
t= (short)(temp>> 5);
RTC_hour = Convert_BCD_DECIMAL (RTC_hour);
break;
}
default:
{
RTC_hour = Convert_BCD_DECIMAL (RTC_hour);
break;
}
}
}
C code for RTC DS3231
Here is the complete C code to read RTC date and time. I have used two pins of 8051
microcontroller to communicate with Real Time Clock using I2C.
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#include<reg51.h> updates
#include"header.h"
void main() Your Name
{
lcd_init(); Email Address *
lcd_delay(2);
Disp_Data(1,0, "DS3231 Interface");
Disp_Data(2,0, " By Codrey.com ");
lcd_delay(10);
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Disp_Data(1,0, " ");
Disp_Data(2,0, " ");
Initialize_RTC( ); /*Initializing RTC DS3231*/
lcd_delay(2);
setTime( 10,20,25,0,0); /*Set Hour,Minute,Second */
setDate( 2,16,05,18); /*Set Day,Date,Month,Year*/
/*In nite WHILE Loop for reading date and time of RTC*/
Disp_Data(1,0, "DATE");
Disp_Data(2,0, "TIME");
ReadDate( ); //Gets the Day,month and year
Display_Date_LCD( );
ReadTime(); /*Gets the time from DS3231*/

Display_Time_LCD( );
}
I2c Functions for RTC
Here are the steps to communicate with RTC using I2c.
1. Start the I2C communication using start condition.

2. Write the RTC address.
3. Read the acknowledgement.
4. Write the register write address.
5. Read the data from the RTC.
6. Read the acknowledegment

7. Write no acknowledgement.
8. Stop the i2c communication.
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void Start_I2C(void)
{ Your Name
SCL_DISABLE;
SDA_ENABLE; Email Address *
SCL_ENABLE;
SDA_DISABLE;
}
void Slave_Write(unsigned char byte)
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{
unsigned char j,k;
k = byte;
for (j= 0; j < 8; j++)
{
SCL_DISABLE;
SDA=(k&(0x80>>j))?1:0; /*Writing bit_by_bit*/
SCL_ENABLE;
}
}
void Read_Ack(void)
{
SCL_DISABLE;
SDA_ENABLE;
SCL_ENABLE;
while(SDA);
}
void Read_Ack(void)
{
SCL_DISABLE;
SDA_ENABLE;
SCL_ENABLE;
while(SDA);
}
void No_Acknowledgement(void)
{
SCL_DISABLE;
SDA_ENABLE;
SCL_ENABLE;
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} updates
unsigned char Read_I2C_Data(void)
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{
unsigned char m,data_byte=0;
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for(m=0;m<8;m++)
{
SCL_DISABLE;
SCL_ENABLE;
if(SDA) SUBSCRIBE
data_byte|=0x80>>m;
}
return data_byte;
}
unsigned char Read_From_RTC(unsigned char Address)

{
unsigned char val= 0;
Start_I2C();
Slave_Write (DS3231_Write);
Read_Ack();
Slave_Write (Address);
Read_Ack();
Start_I2C();
Slave_Write (DS3231_Read);
Read_Ack();
val=Read_I2C_Data();
No_Acknowledgement( );
Stop_I2C();
return val;
}
void Write_To__RTC(unsigned char regaddress, unsigned char val)

{
unsigned char loop_time;
Start_I2C();
Slave_Write(DS3231_Write);
Read_Ack();
Slave_Write(regaddress);
Read_Ack();
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Slave_Write(val); updates
Read_Ack();
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Stop_I2C();
for(loop_time=0;loop_time<255;loop_time++);
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for(loop_time=0;loop_time<255;loop_time++);
}
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Applications of DS3231
1. Used in GPS for getting date, time, latitude, longitude, position, height
2. Used in servers for implementing network timing protocol
3. Used in Smart power meters for tracking the date and time of current bills.
4. Used in telecommunication and networking applications.
Final Thoughts Subscribe to get

RTC DS3231 is precise in maintaining accurate time updates
with low drift. This makes it a perfect
blend for timing applications.
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DS3231 is highly accurate that manages date, time, year, month, day, and seconds.
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Moreover, RTC is equipped with ±2ppm accuracy suitable for real time functions.
I hope you have understand how to interface DS3231 RTC with 8051 using I2C. As 8051
has no internal i2c, I have used bit banging method toSUBSCRIBE
generate clock and data for serial
communication.
The entire code has been tested with 8051 microcontroller and it will work with any
microcontroller with minor changes.
Attachments
Interfacing RTC DS3231 with 8051

File size: 83 KB
Related Posts:
1. Using Real Time Clock (RTC) DS3231 with 8051 Microcontroller
FILED UNDER: 8051 MICROCONTROLLER PROJECTS, MICROCONTROLLER PROJECTS

TAGGED WITH: RTC DS3231
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26/9/2018 Interfacing RTC DS3231 with 8051 Microcontroller - Codrey Electronics

HOME ELECTRONICS EMBEDDED SYSTEMS MICROCONTROLLERS ARDUINO

Interfacing RTC DS3231 with 8051

1 DS3231 RTC Hardware Connection

3 C code for RTC DS3231

High-quality Python and

from Aptina, Cypress and …

void Initialize_RTC (void) Email Address *

Bit Name Setting

#2 Initialize the RTC by setting the Status Register

Status Register Byte:

Bit Name Email Address

#3 Set the Date and Time using Time keeping registers

RTC Registers in DS3231

RTC Address 0x68

#4 Reading the date and Time

RTCmin = Convert_BCD_DECIMAL (RTCmin);

LCD Functions for RTC DS3231

Function to Convert an Integer to ASCII format

1. Extract the integer.

void Show_Integer_Ascii(unsigned char lineno, unsigned char cursor_position, unsigned

Displaying Date on LCD Email Address *

C code for RTC DS3231

ReadTime(); /*Gets the time from DS3231*/

I2c Functions for RTC

Here are the steps to communicate with RTC using I2c.

1. Start the I2C communication using start condition.

6. Read the acknowledegment

unsigned char Read_From_RTC(unsigned char Address)

void Write_To__RTC(unsigned char regaddress, unsigned char val)

Proteus Simulation SUBSCRIBE

4. Used in telecommunication and networking applications.

Final Thoughts Subscribe to get

Interfacing RTC DS3231 with 8051

FILED UNDER: 8051 MICROCONTROLLER PROJECTS, MICROCONTROLLER PROJECTS

Notify me of follow-up comments by email.

Notify me of new posts by email.

Search this website …

› Loafer’s LED Wick

› Simple Thermostat for Electric Geyser

› Breathing New Life into BLDC Motors

› Over Voltage Protector (OVP) Switch

› Optical Smoke Alarm

› 555 Timer Circuits (3)

› 8051 Microcontroller Projects (2)

› Analog Circuits (4)

› Analog Electronics (2)

› Arduino Projects (10)

› Embedded Systems (7)

› Fundamentals of Electricity (19)

› Microcontroller Projects (4)

› PIC Microcontroller Projects (2)

› Power Supply (1)

› Serial Communication (2)

› Solar Projects (1)

Circuits (3) BC547 (2) Career (1) DC Circuits

(10) Digispark (3) DIY

Circuits (2) SS8550 (1) Teardown (1) Tested Circuit (5)

Copyright © 2017-2018 Codrey Electronics | Privacy Statement | Terms of Use | Contact us .

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ReadTime(); /Gets the time from DS3231/