Professional Documents
Culture Documents
wastewater
Chlorine
Kills bacteria, virus, protozoan
UV Intestinal worms
Ozone
Why would disinfection be used for
onsite or decentralized wastewater
treatment effluent?
• For surface application
• Water reuse with human exposure
Why would disinfection be used for
onsite or decentralized wastewater
treatment effluent?
• Protect human health
– Stop pathogen pathway from one host to next
• Water reuse
• Discharge to surface waters
– NPDES permit
• Ecological Impact
– Prevent spreading of diseases
Factors affecting Disinfection
• Contact Time
• pH
• Concentration or Intensity of the disinfectant
• Concentration of the organisms
• Concentration of interfering substances
“Clean” Water
Chlorine Chemistry
HOCl- H+ + OCl-
Mixing Tank
Liquid Chlorine
(bleach)
Solution Metering
Pump
Wastewater Flow
Typical Liquid
Chlorination System
Typical Chlorine Tablets
Tablet Chlorinator
Dual Tablet Chlorinator
UV design issues
• Dose needed for microbial kill efficiency
• Effect of aging lamps and fouling
• Transmittance – actual intensity that gets
to microbe
• Contact detention time
• Total volume (HRT times flow rate)
• Volume per lamp
UV Dose
mW-sec/cm2= average Intensity (mW/cm2) X time(sec)
Initial
Filtered and
Intermittant
Microfiltration 80-90
Contact time and number of lamps
UV dose, mW - s/cm2
Time, sec =
average intensity, mW/cm 2
total volume, L
Number of lamps =
volume per lamp, L/lamp
UV Assembly
UV Assemblies