La ecuación de la Placa

Mx, My Momentos flectores por unidad de longitud

Mxy, Myx Momentos torsores por unidad de longitud

Vx, Vy Fuerzas cortantes suplementarias por unidad de longitud

ν Relacion de Poisson

E ⋅ t3 Rigidez fleional de la placapor unidad de longitud

D ＝ ――――
12 ⋅ ⎛⎝1 - ν 2 ⎞⎠

t El espesor de la placa

⎛ d2 d2 ⎞ ⎛ d3 d d2 ⎞
Mx ＝ -D ⋅ ⎜―― w + ν ⋅ ―― w⎟ Vx ＝ D ⋅ ⎜―― w + (2 - ν) ⋅ ―― ―― w⎟
⎝ d x2 d y2 ⎠ ⎝ d x3 dx d y2 ⎠

⎛ d2 d2 ⎞
My ＝ -D ⋅ ⎜―― w + ν ⋅ ―― w⎟ ⎛ d3 d d2 ⎞
⎝ d y2 d x2 ⎠ Vx ＝ D ⋅ ⎜―― w + (2 - ν) ⋅ ―― ―― w⎟
⎝ d y3 dy d x2 ⎠

d d
Mxy ＝ -(1 - μ) ⋅ D ⋅ ―― ―― w Mxy ＝ -Myx
dx dy

d d
R ＝ 2 ⋅ D ⋅ (1 - μ) ⋅ ―― ―― w Esfuerzos en la esquina
dx dy

Si sumamos los momentos Mx+ My, se obtiene lo siguiente

⎛ d2 d2 ⎞ ⎛ d2 d2 ⎞
Mx + My ＝ -D ⋅ ⎜―― w + μ ⋅ ―― w⎟ - D ⋅ ⎜―― w + μ ⋅ ―― w⎟ (1)
⎝ d x2 d y2 ⎠ ⎝ d y2 d x2 ⎠

⎛ d2 d2 ⎞
Mx + My ＝ -D ⋅ ⎜―― w + ―― w ⎟ ⋅ (1 + μ )
⎝ d x2 d y2 ⎠

Mx + My ⎛ d2 d2 ⎞
―――＝ -D ⋅ ⎜―― w + ―― w⎟ ＝ M (2)
1+μ ⎝ d x2 d y2 ⎠

Si derivamos por segunda vez obtenemos la ecuacion de la placa

d2 d2 ⎛ d4 d2 d2 d4 ⎞
―― M + ―― M ＝ -D ⋅ ⎜―― w + 2 ⋅ ―― ―― w + ―― w⎟ (3)
d x2 d y2 ⎝ d x4 d y2 d x2 d y4 ⎠

y en funcion de la carga, obtenemos

 y en funcion de la carga, obtenemos

d2 d2
―― M + ―― M ＝ -q (4)
d x2 d y2

d4 d2 d2 d4 q
―― w + 2 ⋅ ―― ―― w + ―― w＝―
dx 4 2
dy dx 2
dy 4 D (6)

Solucion de la ecuación de la Placa por Diferencias Finitas

Ejemplo usando tecnicas de diferencias finitas analize la placa a flexion cuadrada (axa) con apoyos
simples en sus cuatro caras y esta sujeta a una carga uniformente repartida

Solucion. Prevalece dividir en una malla de pequeños cuadrilateros de 4x4 , para este caso 16
esto resulta cuadrilateros de h = a/4 de lado. Se codifican los nudos, es importante tomar en cuenta
algunas condiciones como la simetria la cual existe. Esto se hizo en la fig. de abajo. Esto
unicamente se reduce a un octavo la superficie necesaria a ser considerada, lo indicado se ha
sombreando en la figura. Esto de las condiciones de contorno y los puntos localizados en los
limites. El Momento y la correspondiente deflexion w son cero. La aplicacion del operador Nabla al
cuadrado

5.8a.b
(Ma + Mb + Mc + Md - 4 ⋅ Mo) ＝ -qo ⋅ h 2
 -po ⋅ a 2
2 ⋅ M2 - 4 ⋅ M1 ＝ ―――
64
Valores de prueba

-po ⋅ a 2
M3 + M1 + M5 - 4 ⋅ M2 ＝ ―――
64
-po ⋅ a 2
M4 + M2 + M6 - 4 ⋅ M3 ＝ ―――
64
-po ⋅ a 2
2 ⋅ M3 + M7 - 4 ⋅ M4 ＝ ―――
64
-po ⋅ a 2
Restricciones

2 ⋅ M2 + 2 ⋅ M6 - 4 ⋅ M5 ＝ ―――
64
-po ⋅ a 2
M3 + M5 + M7 + M8 - 4 ⋅ M6 ＝ ―――
64
-po ⋅ a 2
M4 + 2 ⋅ M6 + M9 - 4 ⋅ M7 ＝ ―――
64
-po ⋅ a 2
2 ⋅ M6 + 2 ⋅ M9 - 4 ⋅ M8 ＝ ―――
64

-po ⋅ a 2
M7 + 2 ⋅ M8 + M10 - 4 ⋅ M9 ＝ ―――
64
2
-po ⋅ a
4 ⋅ M9 - 4 ⋅ M10 ＝ ―――
64
Solver

A ≔ Find (M1 , M2 , M3 , M4 , M5 , M6 , M7 , M8 , M9 , M10)

⎡ 619 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po ⎤
⎢ ――――⎥
⎢ 34816 ⎥
⎢ 483 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po ⎥
⎢ ―――― 17408 ⎥
⎢ 2 ⎥
573 ⋅ a ⋅ po ⎥
⎢ ――――
⎢ 17408 ⎥
⎢ 601 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po ⎥
⎢ ――――⎥
⎢ 17408 ⎥
⎢ 1555 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po ⎥
⎢ ――――⎥
34816
A→⎢ ⎥
117
⎢ ―――― ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po ⎥
⎢ 2176 ⎥
⎢ 2 ⎥
29 ⋅ a ⋅ po ⎥
⎢ ――――
⎢ 512 ⎥
⎢ 2271 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po ⎥
⎢ ――――⎥
⎢ 34816 ⎥
⎢ 1199 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po ⎥
⎢ ―――― 17408 ⎥
⎢ 2 ⎥
1267 ⋅ a ⋅ po ⎥
⎢ ――――
⎢⎣ 17408 ⎥⎦

La ecuacion discreta de segundo orden para el calculo del desplazamiento en base a los momentos
es lo siguiente para cada nudo. Similarmente a las ecuaciones y momentos anteriores
 La ecuacion discreta de segundo orden para el calculo del desplazamiento en base a los momentos
es lo siguiente para cada nudo. Similarmente a las ecuaciones y momentos anteriores

-Mo ⋅ h 2
(wa + wb + wc + wd - 4 ⋅ wo) ＝ ―――
D

619 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po ⎛ a ⎞ 2
-―――― ⋅ ⎜― ⎟
34816 ⎝8⎠
2 ⋅ w2 - 4 ⋅ w1 ＝ ―――――――
D
483 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po ⎛ a ⎞ 2
-―――― ⋅ ⎜― ⎟
17408 ⎝8⎠
Valores de prueba

w3 + w1 + w5 - 4 ⋅ w2 ＝ ―――――――
D
573 ⋅ a ⋅ po ⎛ a ⎞ 2
2
-―――― ⋅ ⎜― ⎟
17408 ⎝8⎠
w4 + w2 + w6 - 4 ⋅ w3 ＝ ―――――――
D

601 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po ⎛ a ⎞ 2
-―――― ⋅ ⎜― ⎟
17408 ⎝8⎠
2 ⋅ w3 + w7 - 4 ⋅ w4 ＝ ―――――――
D

1555 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po ⎛ a ⎞ 2
-――――⋅ ⎜― ⎟
34816 ⎝8⎠
2 ⋅ w2 + 2 ⋅ w6 - 4 ⋅ w5 ＝ ―――――――
Restricciones

117 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po ⎛ a ⎞ 2
-―――― ⋅ ⎜― ⎟
2176 ⎝8⎠
w3 + w5 + w7 + w8 - 4 ⋅ w6 ＝ ―――――――
D

29 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po ⎛ a ⎞ 2
-―――― ⋅ ⎜― ⎟
512 ⎝8⎠
w4 + 2 ⋅ w6 + w9 - 4 ⋅ w7 ＝ ――――――
D

2271 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po ⎛ a ⎞ 2
-――――⋅ ⎜― ⎟
34816 ⎝8⎠
2 ⋅ w6 + 2 ⋅ w9 - 4 ⋅ w8 ＝ ―――――――
D

1199 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po ⎛ a ⎞ 2
-――――⋅ ⎜― ⎟
17408 ⎝8⎠
w7 + 2 ⋅ w8 + w10 - 4 ⋅ w9 ＝ ―――――――
D
1267 ⋅ a ⋅ po a ⎞ 2
2
⎛
-――――⋅ ⎜― ⎟
17408 ⎝8⎠
4 ⋅ w9 - 4 ⋅ w10 ＝ ―――――――
D
Solver

F (qo , a) ≔ Find (w1 , w2 , w3 , w4 , w5 , w6 , w7 , w8 , w9 , w10)

⎡ 100411 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ po ⎤
⎢ ――――― ⎥
⎢ 151519232 ⋅ D ⎥
⎢ 2809 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ po ⎥
⎢ ――――
2367488 ⋅ D ⎥
⎢ 4 ⎥
 ⎡ 100411 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ po ⎤
⎢ ――――― ⎥
⎢ 151519232 ⋅ D ⎥
⎢ 2809 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ po ⎥
⎢ ――――
2367488 ⋅ D ⎥
⎢ ⎥
114797 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ po ⎥
⎢ ―――――
⎢ 75759616 ⋅ D ⎥
⎢ 7703 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ po ⎥
⎢ ―――― ⎥
⎢ 4734976 ⋅ D ⎥
⎢ 323411 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ po ⎥
⎢ ――――― ⎥
151519232 ⋅ D ⎥
F (qo , a) → ⎢ 4
12943 ⋅ a ⋅ po ⎥
⎢ ―――――
⎢ 4734976 ⋅ D ⎥
⎢ ⎥
385 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ po ⎥
⎢ ――――
⎢ 131072 ⋅ D ⎥
⎢ 531343 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ po ⎥
⎢ ――――― ⎥
⎢ 151519232 ⋅ D ⎥
⎢ 17853 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ po ⎥
⎢ ―――――
4734976 ⋅ D ⎥
⎢ ⎥
307187 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ po ⎥
⎢ ―――――
⎢⎣ 75759616 ⋅ D ⎥⎦

Quedando para los momentos

619 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po 100411 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ po
M1 ≔ ―――― w1 ≔ ―――――
34816 151519232 ⋅ D

483 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po 2809 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ po
M2 ≔ ―――― w2 ≔ ――――
17408 2367488 ⋅ D

573 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po 114797 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ po
M3 ≔ ―――― w3 ≔ ―――――
17408 75759616 ⋅ D
601 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po 7703 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ po
M4 ≔ ―――― w4 ≔ ――――
17408 4734976 ⋅ D

1555 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po 323411 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ po
M5 ≔ ―――― w5 ≔ ―――――
34816 151519232 ⋅ D

117 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po 12943 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ po
M6 ≔ ―――― w6 ≔ ―――――
2176 4734976 ⋅ D

29 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po 385 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ po
M7 ≔ ―――― w7 ≔ ――――
512 131072 ⋅ D

2271 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po 531343 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ po
M8 ≔ ―――― w8 ≔ ―――――
34816 151519232 ⋅ D

1199 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po 17853 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ po
M9 ≔ ―――― w9 ≔ ―――――
17408 4734976 ⋅ D

1267 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po 307187 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ po
M10 ≔ ―――― w10 ≔ ―――――
17408 75759616 ⋅ D
 1267 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ po 307187 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ po
M10 ≔ ―――― w10 ≔ ―――――
17408 75759616 ⋅ D