FACULTY : ENGINEERING

EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 02
ENGINEERING
FACULTY TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY
OF ENGINEERING
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: FEB. 2018
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
WATER QUALITY ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
FIELD
MEASUREMENTS AMENDMENT DATE: FEB. 2018

INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY

LABORATORY INSTRUCTION SHEETS

COURSE CODE BNP 21403

EXPERIMENT CODE EXPERIMENT 1

EXPERIMENT TITLE WATER QUALITY FIELD MEASUREMENTS

DATE

GROUP NO.

(1)
LECTURER/ INSTRUCTOR
(2)

DATE OF REPORT SUBMISSION

RECEIVED DATE AND STAMP

COMMENTS:

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

TOTAL MARK (FROM RUBRIC
ASSESSMENT)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY
LABORATORY RUBRIC ASSESSMENT

CLO: To Display the ability of working in group in accomplishing the tasks of water and wastewater
1
analysis and treatment technology effectively
(PLO2- P4) – 10%
FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 02
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: FEB. 2018
WATER QUALITY FIELD
MEASUREMENTS AMENDMENT DATE: FEB. 2018

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 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 02
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: FEB. 2018
WATER QUALITY FIELD
MEASUREMENTS AMENDMENT DATE: FEB. 2018

STUDENT CODE OF ETHICS

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

I hereby declare that I have prepared this report with my own efforts. I also admit to not accept or

provide any assistance in preparing this report and anything that is in it is true.

1) Group Leader __________________________________ (Signature)

Name : __________________________________
Matrix No. : __________________________________

2) Group Member 1 ___________________________________ (Signature)

Name : ___________________________________
Matrix No : ___________________________________

3) Group Member 2 __________________________________ (Signature)

Name : __________________________________
Matrix No. : __________________________________

4) Group Member 3 __________________________________ (Signature)

Name : __________________________________
Matrix No. : __________________________________

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 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 02
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: FEB. 2018
WATER QUALITY FIELD
MEASUREMENTS AMENDMENT DATE: FEB. 2018

1.0 OBJECTIVES
a) To introduce the modern engineering tools and instruments to be used in
measuring the water quality of water and wastewater on-site.
b) To determine the basic water quality parameter in water and wastewater samples.

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the study, student will be able to:

a) Evaluate the water parameter quality in domestic wastewater and water sample.
b) Use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for
environmental engineering practice.
c) Develop their ability to work in group.

3.0 INTRODUCTION
3.1 Field measurements need to be performed for rapidly changing parameters such
as the pH value, the conductivity, the dissolved oxygen content and the
temperature.

3.2 The pH term is used to indicate the alkalinity or acidity of a substance as ranked
on a scale from 1.0 to 14.0. The acidity or alkalinity of wastewater affects both
treatment and the environment. The pH is actually the measure of the inverse
concentration of hydrogen ions and is a logarithmic scale. As pH values lower, it
indicates increasing acidity; while a high pH indicates alkalinity (a pH of 7 is
neutral). The pH of wastewater needs to remain between 6 and 9 to protect
beneficial organisms. Acids, cleaning agents and other substances that alter pH
can inactive treatment processes when they enter wastewater.

3.3 Conductivity is a measure of the ability of water to pass through an electrical

current. Conductivity in water is affected by the presence of inorganic dissolved
solids such as chloride, nitrate, sulphate and phosphate anions (ions that carry a
negative charge) or sodium, magnesium, calcium, iron and aluminium cations (ions
that carry a positive charge). Organic compounds like oil, phenol, alcohol, and
sugar do not conduct electrical current very well and therefore have a low

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 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 02
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: FEB. 2018
WATER QUALITY FIELD
MEASUREMENTS AMENDMENT DATE: FEB. 2018
conductivity when in water. Conductivity is also affected by temperature: the
warmer the water, the higher conductivity. For this reason, conductivity is reported
as conductivity at 25oC.

3.4 The analysis of dissolved oxygen (DO) is a key test in wastewater process control.
The DO test provides information about the condition of the wastewater for the
operator to make process control decisions. A single DO test rarely reflects the
condition of a body of water. Several samples taken at different times, locations
and depths are recommended for more reliable information.

3.5 Temperature is one of the most frequently taken tests in the wastewater industry.
Accurate water temperature readings are important not only for historical purposes
but also because of its influence on chemical reaction rates, biological growth and
dissolved oxygen concentration.

4.0 INSTRUMENTS /APPARATUS / CHEMICAL / REAGENTS

4.1 Chemicals / Reagents
a) Buffer solution; pH 4, pH 7 and pH 10
b) Distilled water

4.2 Apparatus /Instruments

a) On-site water quality checker
b) Dissolved oxygen
c) pH meter
d) Conductivity meter
e) Beaker
f) Grab sampler
g) Wash bottle
h) Soft tissue

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 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 02
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: FEB. 2018
WATER QUALITY FIELD
MEASUREMENTS AMENDMENT DATE: FEB. 2018
5.0 PROCEDURE
5.1. Field Observation
5.1.1. During every sampling event, observations of field conditions that could
assist in the interpretation of monitoring data are to be recorded. This can
provide useful information about the water being sampled, which can help
diagnose the source and potential impact of pollutants found by chemical
analysis.
5.1.2. Examples of such field conditions are as follows:
i. Recent rain can wash potential pollutants from surrounding land into
waterways.
ii. Winds may drive some constituents toward one side of the waterbody
or create mixing which might help dissipate them more quickly.
iii. Shading from cloud and vegetation can influence the level of dissolved
oxygen.
iv. Any abnormalities that may indicate pollution or affect water quality,
such as absence of flow, presence of surface scum, water colour or
odours, excessive algal or plant growth, dead fish or invertebrates
should also be noted

5.2. Field Measurement

5.2.1 Surface Water Sample
5.2.1.1. Field measurements commonly are monitored within a cross
section of the surface-water body to help determine how well
mixed the stream is, consequently the sampling method to be
used and to determine the field-property values of the water
body at the selected site.
5.2.1.2. In situ use of multiparameter instrument is the most efficient
means of obtaining such data.
5.2.1.3. Many instruments include a pressure transducer that produces
a value for water depth or level. For instruments without
pressure transducers, the approximate depth of the sonde as it
is lowered through a transect can be noted by placing
incremental marks along the instrument cable or be connected
to a pressure transducer.

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 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 02
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: FEB. 2018
WATER QUALITY FIELD
MEASUREMENTS AMENDMENT DATE: FEB. 2018
5.2.1.4. Wait a minimum of 60 seconds for the sensors to reach thermal
equilibrium with the water temperature at each new location.
5.2.1.5. At each measuring point, allow the field-measurement values
on the instrument display to stabilize within an established
criterion before recording final field measurements.
5.2.1.6. Field-measurement values generally are considered stable if
the variability among three or more consecutive readings,
spaced some number of minutes apart, conforms to the
designated criteria.
5.2.1.7. Biological growth or debris in the water can foul sensors, which
will adversely affect sensor readings.
5.2.1.8. Try to avoid areas that will result in having to stop and clean
algae, sediment, or debris from the sensors.

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 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 02
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: FEB. 2018
WATER QUALITY FIELD
MEASUREMENTS AMENDMENT DATE: FEB. 2018
6.0 RESULTS & CALCULATIONS
Record all the readings for surface water sample in Table 6.1

Table 6.1: Data for Surface water sample

Dissolved Conductivity, Temperature,

Samples Trials pH
oxygen, mg/L µs/cm o
C
1
2
Point 1
3
Mean
1
2
Point 2
3
Mean
1
2
Point 3
3
Mean
1
2
Point 4
3
Mean
1
2
Point 5
3
Mean
1
Point 6 2
3

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 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 02
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: FEB. 2018
WATER QUALITY FIELD
MEASUREMENTS AMENDMENT DATE: FEB. 2018

7.0 ANALYSIS
Please analyse the data and results obtained in this experiment

8.0 DISCUSSIONS
Discuss your results both on the basis of any theory presented and on their relevance
to practical applications and current industrial practise. Comment on the variation of
your results and compare them with the recommended standard values from the
Department of Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment or other
international organization such as EPA, WHO, EC, etc.
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 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 02
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: FEB. 2018
WATER QUALITY FIELD
MEASUREMENTS AMENDMENT DATE: FEB. 2018

9.0 ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

1. What does is mean by replicate? Discuss on the importance of doing replicates.

2. Why sample preservation must be done before sample storage?

3. Who is responsible for water supply maintenance/operation in Malaysia and what

are their job scopes?

4. What standard does Malaysia drinking water quality conform to?

5. Who set the drinking water standard parameters and how do consumers know
whether the standards are being followed or not?

10.0 CONCLUSION
Conclusion is merely a summary, presented in a logical order, of the important findings
already reported in the discussion section. It also relates to the objectives stated
earlier.

Prepared by/Disediakan oleh : Approved by/Disahkan oleh :

Signature/Tandatangan : Signature/Tandatangan :

Name/Nama : DR. NOR HAZREN BINTI Name/Nama : ASSOC. PROF. DR. SURAYA HANI
ABDUL HAMID BT. ADNAN
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 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 02
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: FEB. 2018
Date/Tarikh : FEB 2018WATER QUALITY FIELD
Date/ Tarikh : FEB. 2018
MEASUREMENTS AMENDMENT DATE: FEB. 2018

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