APPENDICES

A. Calculations

C acidVacid  CbaseVbase
C acid (150mL)  (1M )( 235.9mL)
(1M )( 235.9mL)
C acid 
(150mL)
C oxalicacid  1.5727 M
mol oxalic acid 90.03 g
 1.5727 x
L sol ' n mol
 141.58716 g / L

Molarity of solution = volume of NaOH required/volume of overflow

Concentration of solution = M of solution x MW of solvent

Stage 1

228
M of solution 
153
 1.4902
Conc' n of solution  1.4902 x90.03
 134.1624 g / L

Stage 2

52
M of solution 
198
 0.2626
Conc' n of solution  0.2626 x90.03
 23.6442 g / L

Stage 3
 4.3
M of solution 
184
 0.0234
Conc' n of solution  0.0234 x90.03
 2.1040 g / L

Stage 4

1.7
M of solution 
212
 0.0080
Conc' n of solution  0.0080 x90.03
 0.7219 g / L

Stage 5

1.3
M of solution 
208
 0.0063
Conc' n of solution  0.0063x90.03
 0.5627 g / L

Stage 6

0.5
M of solution 
184
 0.0027
Conc' n of solution  0.0027 x90.03
 0.2446 g / L
B. Documentation

Weighing 200g of sand Weighing 20g of oxalic acid

NaOH,Sand,Oxalic acid

1M NaOH
Mixing of sand and oxalic acid Adding NaOH to the mixture

Mixing
jhgd

Stirring for 10 minutes Allowing sufficient settling time

 Titration
Decanting extract from the solid

Titrated solution