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I.

Objectives
1. To determine the resultant three given forces using the graphical method, component
method and force table method.

II. Materials
1. Force table
2. Weight holders
3. Set of masses
4. Sheets of graphical paper
5. Ruler
6. Pencil
7. Protractor

III. Diagram of Set-up


IV. Discussion

Vector, in physics, a quantity that has both magnitude and direction. It is typically
represented by an arrow whose direction is the same as that of the quantity and whose
length is proportional to the quantity’s magnitude. Although a vector has magnitude
and direction, it does not have position. That is, as long as its length is not changed, a
vector is not altered if it is displaced parallel to itself.
In contrast to vectors, ordinary quantities that have a magnitude but not a direction are
called scalars. For example, displacement, velocity, and acceleration are vector
quantities, while speed (the magnitude of velocity), time, and mass are scalars.
To qualify as a vector, a quantity having magnitude and direction must also obey certain
rules of combination. One of these is vector addition, written symbolically
as A + B = C (vectors are conventionally written as boldface letters). Geometrically, the
vector sum can be visualized by placing the tail of vector B at the head of vector A and
drawing vector C—starting from the tail of A and ending at the head of B—so that it
completes the triangle. If A, B, and C are vectors, it must be possible to perform the
same operation and achieve the same result (C) in reverse order, B + A = C. Quantities
such as displacement and velocity have this property (commutative law), but there are
quantities (e.g., finite rotations in space) that do not and therefore are not vectors.
The other rules of vector manipulation are subtraction, multiplication by a scalar, scalar
multiplication (also known as the dot product or inner product), vector multiplication
(also known as the cross product), and differentiation. There is no operation that
corresponds to dividing by a vector. See vector for a description of all of these rules.
Although vectors are mathematically simple and extremely useful in discussing physics,
they were not developed in their modern form until late in the 19th century,
when Josiah Willard Gibbs and Oliver Heaviside (of the United States and England,
respectively) each applied vector analysis in order to help express the new laws of
electromagnetism, proposed by James Clerk Maxwell.

REFERENCE: https://www.britannica.com/science/vector-physics
V. Procedure
1. Each group is assigned a set of three vectors by the instructor, labeled as F1, F2 & F3
Set of these vectors as set of hanging masses on the force table and balance them using an
extra set of mass. Record the magnitude and direction of the extra set of mass as
equilibrant. For the resultant, its magnitude is the same with the equilibrant but its
direction is opposite.
2. Using the same set of vectors given by the instructor, determine its resultant by graphical
and component method.
3. Evaluate the resultants determined by the graphical and force table. Get the percentage
difference of each as compared to the result of the component method.
VI. Data and Results

A.

Resultant Polygon method Component Method %ERROR

Magnitude

Direction

B.

Equillibrant Force Table Component Method %ERROR

Magnitude

Direction

Analysis

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Conclusion

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Data and Result

Trial Ruler Vernier Caliper

Radius (cm) Radius (cm)


MG SM MG SM
1
2
3
AVERAGE
SUM
VOLUME
Mass(g)
Density
expt
Density
stand

Analysis

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Conclusion

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VIII. Analysis

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IX. Conclusion

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