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CHEMICAL
9/25/2018 COODINATION AND
INTEGRATION
PART -1: INTRODUCTION
NEET SYLLABUS
Chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones; Human
endocrine system-Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal,
Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of hormone action (Elementary Idea); Role of
hormones as messengers and regulators, Hypo-and hyperactivity and related
disorders (Common disorders e.g. Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, goiter,
exopthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison’s disease).
INTRODUCTION
Greek word (I separate within)
The endocrine system is the collection of gland that secretes chemical messages (Hormone).
These signals are passed through the blood or lymph to arrive at target organ, which cell
possessing the appropriate receptors.
Which generally control long term activities of target organ as well as physical process such
digestion, respiration, etc.
1. It maintains homeostasis, the balance of the body, by making sure the concentration of many
different substances in body fluids are kept at the correct level. The control of blood sugar
level, blood pH and water balance is all examples of homeostasis.
2. It works with the nervous system to help the body respond to stress.
3. It controls the body's rate of growth.
4. It controls sexual development and reproduction
Glands of body:
A cell, a tissue or an organ which secretes certain useful chemical compounds is called a
gland. Animals have three types of glands:
(i) Exocrine gland (Gr., ex = out + krinein = to secrete) : These glands have ducts for discharging
their secretions. Therefore, they called duct glands. e.g.– Liver, Sweat gland, Sebaceous gland,
Gastric glands and some intestinal glands.
(ii) Endocrine glands (Gr., endo = within + krinein = to secrete) : These glands lack ducts and pass
secretions into the surrounding blood directly. Therefore they called ductless glands. e.g.–
Thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pituitary, pineal body and thymus.
(iii) Heterocrine glands: These glands consist of both exocrine and endocrine tissue. The exocrine
discharge its secretion by a duct and the endocrine tissue discharges its secretion into the blood.
Pancreas and gonads are heterocrine glands. These are also called mixed glands.
Co-ordination in the body of almost all the higher vertebrates is controlled by two systems