You are on page 1of 3

NEET 2019 CHEMICAL COODINATION AND INTEGRATION

CHEMICAL
9/25/2018 COODINATION AND
INTEGRATION
PART -1: INTRODUCTION

NEET SYLLABUS
Chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones; Human
endocrine system-Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal,
Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of hormone action (Elementary Idea); Role of
hormones as messengers and regulators, Hypo-and hyperactivity and related
disorders (Common disorders e.g. Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, goiter,
exopthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison’s disease).

DR. ATIN KUMAR SRIVASTAVA Page 0


NEET 2019 CHEMICAL COODINATION AND INTEGRATION

INTRODUCTION
Greek word (I separate within)
 The endocrine system is the collection of gland that secretes chemical messages (Hormone).
These signals are passed through the blood or lymph to arrive at target organ, which cell
possessing the appropriate receptors.
 Which generally control long term activities of target organ as well as physical process such
digestion, respiration, etc.

 A gland is a structure which secretes a specific chemical substance or substances.


 Branch of biology which deals with the study of endocrine system and its physiology:
Endocrinology
 Father of Endocrinology: Thomas Addison (describe strange fatal disease, Addison disease; It is
associated with decline of adrenal cortex).
 Endocrine system in association with nervous system functions in a coordinated way to maintain
homeostatic state within the body.
Exercise 1. Find out the incorrect statement:
(a) The neural system provides a point-to-point rapid coordination among organs
(b) The neural coordination is fast but short lived
(c) The nerve fibres innervate all the cells of body
(d) The neural system and the endocrine system jointly coordinate and regulate the
physiological functions in the body

The endocrine system has four main functions:

1. It maintains homeostasis, the balance of the body, by making sure the concentration of many
different substances in body fluids are kept at the correct level. The control of blood sugar
level, blood pH and water balance is all examples of homeostasis.
2. It works with the nervous system to help the body respond to stress.
3. It controls the body's rate of growth.
4. It controls sexual development and reproduction

DR. ATIN KUMAR SRIVASTAVA Page 1


NEET 2019 CHEMICAL COODINATION AND INTEGRATION

Glands of body:

 A cell, a tissue or an organ which secretes certain useful chemical compounds is called a
gland. Animals have three types of glands:
(i) Exocrine gland (Gr., ex = out + krinein = to secrete) : These glands have ducts for discharging
their secretions. Therefore, they called duct glands. e.g.– Liver, Sweat gland, Sebaceous gland,
Gastric glands and some intestinal glands.
(ii) Endocrine glands (Gr., endo = within + krinein = to secrete) : These glands lack ducts and pass
secretions into the surrounding blood directly. Therefore they called ductless glands. e.g.–
Thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pituitary, pineal body and thymus.
(iii) Heterocrine glands: These glands consist of both exocrine and endocrine tissue. The exocrine
discharge its secretion by a duct and the endocrine tissue discharges its secretion into the blood.
Pancreas and gonads are heterocrine glands. These are also called mixed glands.
 Co-ordination in the body of almost all the higher vertebrates is controlled by two systems

Difference between nervous and endocrine system

Nervous System Endocrine System


1. Electrical and chemical transmission (nerve Chemical transmission (hormones)
impulses and chemical across synapses) through blood system
2. Rapid transmission and response Slower transmission and relatively slow
acting (adrenaline an exception)
3. Often short term changes Often long term changes.
4. Pathway is specific (through nerve cells) Pathway is not specific (blood around
whole body), target is specific.
5. Response often very localized, Response may be widespread.
Eg. On muscle. Eg. growth.

DR. ATIN KUMAR SRIVASTAVA Page 2

You might also like