AFFECTATION BY NEUMOCONIOSIS IN DRUMMOND IN THE MUNICIPALITY

OF JAGUA OF IBIRICO, CESAR

(Afectación por neumoconiosis en drummond en el municipio de jagua de ibirico, cesar)

Morales Alvarino Carmen Vanesa, Campo Acuña Donato

* Students of the faculty of Engineering, Foundation Universitaria of the Andean Area, posts:
cmorales21@estudiantes.areandina.edu.co,

Resumen: Abstract:

El área en el cual se basó estas estadísticas
se encuentra en el municipio de la Jagua de
Ibirico Cesar de Drummond Company.
El objetivo del estudio consiste en
Identificar la afectación de salud y
ambiente, las causas, tratamientos y
prevenciones de la enfermedad de
neumoconiosis, además relevar unas
estadísticas que comprueben como perjudica
en las personas expuestas o cercanas a esta
explotación minera. Mediante consultas
bibliográficas acerca de este tema se
analizará algunas desventajas que sufre los
lugares en los cuales se encuentra la
explotación.
The area on which these statistics were
based is located in the municipality of La
Jagua de Ibirico Cesar de Drummond
Company.
The objective of the study is to identify the
health and environmental impact, causes,
treatments and preventions of the disease of
pneumoconiosis, besides releasing statistics
that prove how it harms in people exposed
or close to this mining. Through
bibliographical consultations about this
theme, we will analyze some disadvantages
suffered by the places where the farm is
located.

Palabras clave: Neumoconiosis. Key words: Pneumoconiosis.

1. INTRODUCTION
The following work has like end
document us about the problematic of
health that lives in the mine Drummond
Company situated in the department of
César in the country of Colombia,
focusing mainly in the workers that with
his laborar daily are the most prejudiced
by this situation. In these mines can find
cientos of illnesses, will analyse one of
the most common illnesses and with big
affectation in these cases, as it is the
Neumoconiosis that generates by the
inhalation of dust of the coal (rock that
work in this company). However, also it
will study a bit the indirect damage that
orcasiona in the villages aledaños like the
Jagua of Ibirico, additional will comment
about the cautions that would have to take
into account the exposed people in the
case of the population of the municipality
of the Jagua for his social welfare,
environmental and of health.
2. LOCATION
The area of study that appeared for this
investigation finds situatesdo in the
departmentd andl Cesar in the sector of
the jagua of ibirico with a territorial
extension 728,9 km^2 and drummond in
the mine the Rest with an extension of
42.800 hectares
Figura 1 tomada de google earth
3. NEUMOCONIOSIS
It knows like neumoconiosis to the
pulmonary illness that results of the
inhalation of the dust of the mineral coal
or artificial coal during a prolonged
period, the term “neumoconiosis” comes
from of the Greek pneumón, that means
lung, and of kónis, that means dust. To
beginnings to make works related with
the industry of the minerals the dust
unchains pulmonary inflammation, that
causes temporary damage in areas of the
lung, giving place to several pulmonary
illnesses, this situation affects more often
to the workers that extract, process or
transport coal, these began with
symptoms of cough with or without
mucus, whistle in the breast, fault of air
especially to the hour to do physical
exercise.
However, can have neumoconiosis
without perceiving some type of symptom
since the neumoconiosis takes usually of
20 to 30 years in developing , the workers
generally do not darse of his symptoms
until they already have more than 50
years. The main symptoms are cough and
respiratory difficulty, which increases
gradually. The complications include
emphysema1 and increase of the risk of
tuberculosis2. The patients with
asbestosis3 run a greater risk of cancer of
lung, especially if they smoke. When the
lungs are lesionados, the heart has to
work more, and the cardiac problems add
to the grave cases of neumoconiosis,
equally in the companies the work in a
factory or in other occupations also can
expose to the people to the harmful
effects of the industrial dust.
Only the particles of dust of microscopic
size, of around 1/5 000 of inch (10
micras) of diameter or smaller, are able to
arrive to the sacks of air more diminutos
of the lungs (the alvéolos). Once there, no
longer it is possible to delete them, and
accumulate until causing scars and a
condensation of the lungs called fibrosis.
Over time, the lungs begin to lose his
capacity to resupply to the body of
oxygen.
The diagnostic does by means of a
physical examination and of the clinical
record, that say him to the doctor which
are the types of dust that have affected to
the patients. The doctor also can take X-
rays of thorax (of breast) and carry out
functional proofs of the lungs. Although it
is notable to clear that the treatment of
The neumoconiosis does not have cure,
because there is not form to extract the
dust of the lungs. Even if there was it, the
injuries that have suffered the lungs
during years owing to the reactions
1
Pulmonary illness in that it produces damage to
the alveolos or sacks of air. There is a progressive
destruction of the alveolos and the surrounding
fabric that the subject.
2
Infection bacteriana caused by a germ is used to
to attack the lungs, but can also damage other
parts of the body.
3
Pulmonary illness that occurs by the inhalation
of fibres of asbestos.
inflamatorias to the dust can not be
repaired. Except in his slight form, called
neumoconiosis simple, the illness is
progressively debilitante. The only
treatment is to quit smoking and avoid
expose to the dust, as well as treat all the
complications.
4. PARÁMETRES
The quality of the air in the zone self-
evident like notable fact for the special
performance N° 99 of the 2013 carried
out by this CGR; there are seven projects
and five companies in the ZCC. The
mines that surround are Anchovy,
Beautiful Plan and The Hatillo are
Calenturitas, of Prodeco;] I Rest North
and Pribbenow, of Drummond, and The
Hatillo and The France, of Colombian
Natural Resources (CNR). Some of the
previous projects, keep excedencias in the
levels allowed of PST, PM.10 and PM
2.5. It is I clear that inside all the phases
of the coal that include exploitation,
storage and transport develops high
degree of environmental pollution since
the same mineral generates botaderos of
barren and mountains of wastes that goes
leaving the extraction of the fossil and
that confer a catastrophic environment of
the landscape. The concentration is so
high, that the broadcast of particles in the
air has reached levels of dangerousness
for the health and survival of the
populations aledañas, as they show it the
System of Surveillance of the quality of
the air, SEVCA in concordance with the
levels allowed by the WHO.
5. ORIGIN OF THE
NEUMOCONIOSIS
To beginnings to make works related with
the industry of the minerals the dust
unchains pulmonary inflammation, that that varied between 4.5 and 7.1%.
causes temporary damage in areas of the The prevalencia of sibilancias was
lung, giving place to several pulmonary more frequent in the ACE
illnesses, in the following table muestra (40.6%), and for the ARC 27.1%,
like this mine affected the health of boys with OR (Odss Rats) -that it is a
in different municipalities aledaños to this measure of association- of the 1.5
mine. (1.1-2.1). What has significancia
statistical of association. The
nocturnal dry cough was more
frequent in the ACE (60.5%),
whereas in the ARC was of
45.8%, OR 1.2 (1- 1.5) and of the
other zones between 30 and
47.9%. The greater prevalencia of
likely cases of Asthma found in
the ACE (40.2%), almost the
double that in the ARC that it was
of 23.7% with OR (1-1.7).
(Performance, special of follow-
up, sentence T-154 March of the
Tax of Morbilidad by IRE taken of contraloría general of the
republica
2013.)

Some enfermedades associated show the 6. Disadvantages of the place

existence of the study of
"Prevalencia of Respiratory illness
andn lower boys' of 10 years in the
Zone Carbonífera of the cease"
hired with the National University
of Colombia, faculty of Public
Health, in agreement
interadministrativo 075 of the
2011 with the Government of the
Cease; said descriptive study Taken of the newspaper The Pilón. (30 October, 2015)
presented the following
conclusions and recommendations This zone has come affecting notoriously
: it found that in the rural area through the years because of the
with greater effect of traffic exploitations of the coal mine that present
(ART) and in the near rural area in this place.
(ARC), the deposits of barren
material (ACE) are associated In the previous image can observe like
with a greater proportion of this municipality The Jagua of Ibirico is
bronquitis (5.5% and 3.9%). In the remaining ifn in the resource hídrico as
rural area of control (ARC) had a thanks to the pollutions and the evil
greater proportion of handle of the resources of the regalías to
Bronconeumonía (10.7%), in counter this damage.
comparison with the other zones “Sucede Like this does more than three
decades when the coal converted calm
villages of the Cease in noisy, hot and
agitated, to the point of now ‘breathe' until
poverty.” (Andl Pilón. 30 October, 2015)
Conclusions
Of this study can conclude that the
minería of the coal affects a lot to the
people that work and are exposed to the
inhalation of the dust carbonífero.
Previously it can observe statistical and
images of the zones affected and the
increase of the neumoconiosis or
respiratory illnesses through the years,
besides the fault of responsibility to the
hour of laborar as it would have to
implement forms or projects of education
so that the workers have present the
norms of security and diminish the tax of
respiratory illnesses.
Also they would have to look for
strategies of incentivación or suggestions
so that the people observe or hold
responsible about the situation that lives
his municipality.
REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIC
 efectos_mineria_colombia_sobre
_salud_humana.pdf. (n.d.).
Retrieved from
http://www1.upme.gov.co/sites/d
efault/files/forum_topic/3655/file
s/efectos_mineria_colombia_sobr
e_salud_humana.pdf
 Enfisema: MedlinePlus
enciclopedia médica illustración.
(n.d.). Retrieved May 27, 2017,
from
https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/e
ncy/esp_imagepages/17055.htm
 es_cgeh_2011_cap21.pdf. (n.d.).
Retrieved from
http://hesperian.org/wp-
content/uploads/pdf/es_cgeh_201
1/es_cgeh_2011_cap21.pdf
 Gaviria,pelaez,cuartas,abadia.
(2011, September 19). la muerte
solo es el principio: enfermedades
causadas por la explotacion
minera. Retrieved May 27, 2017,
from
http://jupao92.blogspot.com.co/2
011/09/enfermedades-causadas-
por-la.html
 GuíaSalud. (n.d.). GuíaSalud.
Guías de Práctica Clínica en el
Sistema Nacional de Salud - Qué
ofrecemos. Retrieved May 27,
2017, from
http://portal.guiasalud.es/web/gue
st/home;jsessionid=acb7647358f0
70e88c9144ccf7a9
 Neumoconiosis. (n.d.). Retrieved
May 27, 2017, from
http://www.vidaysalud.com/salud
-de-a-a-z/enfermedades-y-
condiciones/neumoconiosis/
 Neumoconiosis (antracosis,
asbestosis, silicosis, enfermedad
del pulmón negro): tratamiento,
causas, síntomas, diagnóstico y
prevención. (n.d.). Retrieved May
27, 2017, from
http://medicinasalud.org/dolor-
enfermedad-enfermedades-
trastorno-mal-
trastornos/neumoconiosis-
antracosis-asbestosis-silicosis-
enfermedad-del-pulm-n-negro-
tratamiento-causas-s-ntomas-
diagn-stico-y-prevenci-n/
 Neumoconiosis de los mineros
del carbón: MedlinePlus
enciclopedia médica. (n.d.).
Retrieved May 27, 2017, from
https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/e
ncy/article/000130.htm
 Tuberculosis. (n.d.). [Text].
Retrieved May 27, 2017, from
https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/t
uberculosis.html