The document discusses several common communicable diseases:
- Cholera causes severe watery diarrhea and dehydration through contaminated food or water. Symptoms range from mild to life-threatening.
- Dengue fever is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes high fever, headaches, and joint pain. It can develop into potentially fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever.
- Malaria spreads via mosquito bites and infected blood. Symptoms include fever, chills, and flu-like illness that can become severe or life-threatening without treatment.
- Hepatitis A spreads when people ingest food or water contaminated by infected stool. It causes liver inflammation and jaundice.
- Colds cause mild respiratory
The document discusses several common communicable diseases:
- Cholera causes severe watery diarrhea and dehydration through contaminated food or water. Symptoms range from mild to life-threatening.
- Dengue fever is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes high fever, headaches, and joint pain. It can develop into potentially fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever.
- Malaria spreads via mosquito bites and infected blood. Symptoms include fever, chills, and flu-like illness that can become severe or life-threatening without treatment.
- Hepatitis A spreads when people ingest food or water contaminated by infected stool. It causes liver inflammation and jaundice.
- Colds cause mild respiratory
The document discusses several common communicable diseases:
- Cholera causes severe watery diarrhea and dehydration through contaminated food or water. Symptoms range from mild to life-threatening.
- Dengue fever is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes high fever, headaches, and joint pain. It can develop into potentially fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever.
- Malaria spreads via mosquito bites and infected blood. Symptoms include fever, chills, and flu-like illness that can become severe or life-threatening without treatment.
- Hepatitis A spreads when people ingest food or water contaminated by infected stool. It causes liver inflammation and jaundice.
- Colds cause mild respiratory
Some Common Communicable When a person consumes the contaminated
food or water, the bacteria release a toxin in
Diseases in the Community the intestines that produces severe diarrhea. Community, Communicable or infectious Symptoms of cholera can begin as soon as a diseases are those that spread through few hours or as long as five days after people, animals, foods, surfaces or the air. infection. Often, symptoms are mild. But When communicable diseases occur, we sometimes they are very serious. About one in identify them, isolate them and work with 20 people infected have severe our local health care providers to stop them watery diarrhea accompanied by vomiting, from spreading. They are the leading cause which can quickly lead to dehydration. of sickness and death worldwide. Taking Although many infected people may have care of our health should be a top priority. A minimal or no symptoms, they can still sudden change in the climate as well as an contribute to spread of the infection. abrupt change in ones eating habits can affect the physical conditions of a person. Prevention: Using only water that has been boiled, water that has been chemically disinfected, or Cholera bottled water. Be sure to use the bottled, Is an infectious disease that causes severe boiled, or chemically disinfected water for the watery diarrhea, which can lead following purposes: to dehydration and even death if untreated. It Drinking is caused by eating food or drinking water Preparing food or drinks contaminated with a bacterium called Vibrio Making ice cholerae. The disease is most common in Brushing your teeth places with poor sanitation, crowding, war, Washing your face and hands and famine. Washing dishes and utensils that you Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes use to eat or prepare food cholera, is usually found in food or water Washing fruits and vegetables contaminated by feces from a person with the infection. Common sources include: Municipal water supplies Dengue Ice made from municipal water Fever is a mosquito-borne disease. Dengue Foods and drinks sold by street fever is transmitted by the bite of an Aedes vendors Aegypti mosquito infected with a dengue Vegetables grown with water virus. The mosquito becomes infected when it containing human wastes bites a person with dengue virus in Raw or undercooked fish and seafood their blood. It can’t be spread directly from caught in waters polluted with sewage one person to another person. Symptoms: Sudden high fever Severe headaches change the water in outdoor bird baths Pain behind the eyes and pets' water dishes. Severe joint and muscle pain Nausea Vomiting Malaria Skin rash, which appears three to Is a serious and sometimes life-threatening four days after the onset of fever tropical disease that spreads through parasites. Mild bleeding (such a nose bleed, Malaria can cause high fever, chills, and bleeding gums, or easy bruising) flulike symptoms that can be life-threatening Serious problems can develop. These include when not treated quickly. The disease is dengue hemorrhagic fever, a rare complication caused by Plasmodium parasites, which are characterized by high fever, damage to lymph carried by Anopheles mosquitoes. and blood vessels, bleeding from the nose and Only female mosquitoes spread the malaria gums, enlargement of the liver, and failure of parasites. When a mosquito bites a person the circulatory system. The symptoms may who already has malaria, it sucks up the progress to massive bleeding, shock, and person’s blood, which contain the parasites. death. This is called dengue shock syndrome When the mosquito bites its next victim, it (DSS). People with weakened immune injects the parasites into that person. That’s systems as well as those with a second or how the disease is spread. subsequent dengue infection are believed to be at greater risk for developing dengue How do they occur? hemorrhagic fever. Once the parasites enter your body, they travel Prevention: to your liver, where they multiply. They invade your red blood cells, which are To protect yourself: important cells in your blood that carry Use mosquito repellents, even indoors. oxygen. The parasites get inside them, lay When outdoors, wear long-sleeved their eggs, and multiply until the red blood cell shirts and long pants tucked into bursts. socks. This releases more parasites into your When indoors, make sure window and bloodstream. As they attack more of your door screens are secure and free of healthy red blood cells, this infection can holes. If sleeping areas are not make you feel very sick. screened or air conditioned, use mosquito nets. Symptoms for malaria usually start about 10 If you have symptoms of dengue, to 15 days after the infected mosquito bite. speak to your doctor. Prevention: To reduce the mosquito population, get rid of places where mosquitoes can Malaria can often be avoided using the breed. These include old tires, cans, or ABCD approach to prevention, which stands flower pots that collect rain. Regularly for: Awareness of risk – find out whether you're How Is It Treated? at risk of getting malaria. If you think you’ve been exposed to HAV, Bite prevention – avoid mosquito bites by you should see your doctor right away. using insect repellent, covering your arms Getting a hepatitis A vaccine or a drug called and legs, and using a mosquito net. hepatitis A immune globulin could keep you from getting sick. But for this to work, you’ll Check whether you need to take malaria need to get the vaccine very soon after coming prevention tablets – if you do, make sure into contact with the virus. you take the right antimalarial tablets at the right dose, and finish the course. There’s no treatment once you’ve been infected. You’ll have to wait until your body Diagnosis – seek immediate medical advice gets rid of the virus. Most people find that if you have malaria symptoms, including up their liver is healed within 6 months. to a year after you return from travelling. Prevention: Stay home Hepatitis A Rest up Your liver is the second-largest organ in your Take care of your skin body. It turns what you eat and drink into Eat small meals energy. It also helps to remove harmful Get enough calories. substances from your blood. Abstain from alcohol If your liver gets infected by HAV, it can Go easy on your liver. swell and stop working as well as it should. Keep your illness to yourself. Check in with your doctor. The hepatitis A virus is carried in the stool of infected people. You can get the virus if an infected person doesn’t wash his hands after Cold / Flu using the bathroom and then touches food, a surface, or your mouth. Foods most likely to When you wake up sneezing, coughing, and be affected are fruits, vegetables, shellfish, ice, have that achy, feverish, can't move a muscle and water. feeling, how do you know whether you have cold symptoms or the flu? The symptoms of HAV include fever, fatigue, nausea, stomach It's important to know the difference pain, vomiting, and joint pain. Some people between flu and cold symptoms. A cold is a notice that their skin and the whites of milder respiratory illness than the flu. their eyes turn yellow. This is a condition While cold symptoms can make you feel bad called jaundice. It’s also common to for a few days, flu symptoms can make you have pain around your liver, which lies under feel quite ill for a few days to weeks. your rib cage on your right side. The flu can also result in serious health problems such as pneumonia and hospitalizations. Cold symptoms usually begin with a sore Symptoms Cold Flu throat, which usually goes away after a day or two. Nasal symptoms, runny nose, and congestion follow, along with a cough by the Fever Sometimes, Usual; higher fourth and fifth days. Fever is uncommon in usually mild (100-102 F; adults, but a slight fever is possible. Children occasionally are more likely to have a fever with a cold. higher, especially in young How long do cold symptoms last? children); lasts 3 Cold symptoms usually last for about a week. to 4 days During the first three days that you have cold symptoms, you are contagious. This means Headache Occasionally Common you can pass the cold to others, so stay home and get some much-needed rest. General Slight Usual; often If cold symptoms do not seem to be improving Aches, severe after a week, you may have a bacterial Pains infection, which means you may need antibiotics. Fatigue, Sometimes Usual; can last 2 Flu symptoms are usually more severe than Weakness to 3 weeks cold symptoms and come on quickly. Symptoms of flu include sore throat, Extreme Never Usual; at the fever, headache, muscle aches and soreness, Exhaustio beginning of the congestion, and cough. Swine flu in particular n illness is also associated with vomiting and diarrhea. Most flu symptoms gradually improve over Stuffy Common Sometimes two to five days, but it's not uncommon to feel Nose run down for a week or more. A common complication of the flu is pneumonia, Sneezing Usual Sometimes particularly in the young, elderly, or people with lung or heart problems. Sore Common Sometimes Just like cold viruses, flu viruses enter your Throat body through the mucous membranes of the nose, eyes, or mouth. Every time you touch your hand to one of these areas, you could be Chest Mild to Common; can infecting yourself with a virus, which makes it Discomfor moderate; become severe very important to keep hands germ-free with t, Cough hacking frequent washing to prevent both flu and cold cough symptoms. Prevention Wash hands Wash hands often; Slight or partial paralysis often; avoid avoid close Hyperactivity close contact contact with Being easily agitated with anyone anyone who has Hallucinations with a cold flu symptoms; get Salivating more than usual the annual flu Difficulty swallowing vaccine An Animal Bit Me. What Should I Do? Wash the wound right away with soap and water. That’s the best way to lower your chances of infection. See a doctor as soon as Rabies possible. He’ll treat the wound and decide Rabies is a virus that attacks the central whether you need a rabies vaccination. nervous system. It’s found only in mammals. If your doctor suspects rabies, he’ll begin Rabies has the highest mortality rate -- 99.9% treatment with the rabies vaccine – post -- of any disease on earth. The key is to get exposure prophylaxis (PEP). The vaccine is treated right away if you think you’ve been always successful if it’s given immediately exposed to an animal that has rabies. after exposure. You’ll get one dose of fast- How Is It Spread? acting rabies immune globulin, which will prevent you from getting infected by the virus. Normally, rabies is spread through a deep bite Then you’ll get four rabies vaccine shots over or scratch from an infected animal. Nearly all the next 14 days. humans infected with the virus got it from pet dogs. The best way to avoid getting rabies is Can You Tell If An Animal Has Rabies? to have your pets vaccinated. You might have an image in your head of a Typically, there are no symptoms right away. dog acting aggressively and foaming at Rabies can lay dormant in your body for 1 to 3 the mouth. But it’s not so easy to tell if you’re months. Doctors call this the “incubation looking at a rabid animal. Most wild animals period.” Symptoms will appear once the virus that have rabies actually act shy or timid. travels through your central nervous system That’s not the way wild animals normally act, and hits your brain. so steer clear. The first sign that something is wrong is fever. Prevention: You might feel generally tired or weak. You may also feel pain, tingling, or burning at the Never pet a stray dog or cat. site of the wound. As the virus spreads If you see an animal acting strangely through your central nervous system, you’ll (it’s aggressive or tries to bite you), develop other, more severe symptoms. They call your local animal control. include: Never touch a wild animal -- even if it looks dead. Inability to sleep (insomnia) Anxiety Confusion Maristela Denise A. Molina, BSN-IV
Natural Antibiotics and Antivirals: Homemade Herbal Remedies that Kill Pathogens and Cure Bacterial Infections and Allergies. Prevent Illness, Cold and Flu