Cell Physiology *All the change btw cells & vessels occurs at the Interstitial Fluid it forms

the Internal Environment of the body or Milieu Interior coined by

Claude Bernard Father of Physiology.
Cell Membarane(7.5 nm) *The composition of internal environment is always maintained constant by
- Singer’s Fluid Mosaic Model Body Regulatory System called Homeostatis.
CM Eg: BP , Temp , pH , Glucose leve , etc maintained in normal range
Lipids(40-45%) < Proteins(55-60%) Above or below normal is pathology
1. Phospholipids (Main) Low BP = shock
2.Cholesterol High BP = Hypertension
3.Glycolipids Homeostatis - Walter B Cannon.

Phospholipids(main , Bipolar , Bilayer) Concentration = Amount of substance / volume

Head = Hydrophiliic :. Volume = Amount of substance ( Dye) / concentration

Tail = Hydrophilic Dye Dilution Method

1. TBW : Heavy water (Isotope , Aminopyrine )
Bilayer D2O T2O
Deuterium oxide Tritium oxide( both isotope of H2 )

Functions of Lipids in Cell Membrane 2. ECF : dye should stay in ECF

1. Structural Integrity Dye should not cross CM
2. Flexibility & Fluidity water soluble & Big Sugar
3. Solubility(Lipid soluble substance can easily cross CM ) Inulin : Polymer of Fructose(Monosaccharide)
Eg: * Gases(CO2 , O2 , etc) Sucrose : Glucose + Fructose.
*Thyroid & Steroid Hormones
*Vitamin A D E K ( Fat soluble) 3. Plasma : Radio labeled Albumin ( I125 & I131 )
*Proteins in CM helps in the transport of water soluble substances Evans Blue Dye

Proteins of CM 4. ICF = TBW - ECF

1.Ions = Na+ K+ Ca2+ (water soluble nd cant cross CM) Transcellular Fluid ( Normal 1L )
-To make the Ions cross CMwe use Proteins of CM as ION *part ofECF
CHANNELS(Tunnel proteins ) / PUMPS ( use ATP) *Present in the body cavities Eg : pleural fluid , CSF , Pericardial fluid.
2. Water uses protein called Aquaporin.
3. Sloutes eg: Sugar like Glucose , Amino acid(AA) etc, use protein as Transport Across CM
Transporters/Carriers Active Passive
GLUT = GLUcose Transporter Against gradient Along Gradient
4. Water soluble Hormones(Big Size ,water soluble ) Low to High High to Low
Eg : Polypeptide(AA linked by peptide bond) require Energy/ATP No ATP needed
- Insulin(51 AA) eg: Pumps eg: O2/CO2 diffusion
- they cant enter inside so they act from outside.
5. Act as Antigen ( ID cards)
Eg: MHC I & II Nucleus --- Chromosome -- Genes
Antigen
Self Foreign mRNA
NO antibodies fromed formed Ab against self Ag Ribosome Translation
against self Ag ( Attached to ER Polypeptide ( Protein )
RER  Rough ER Post Translation modification
& Folding
Body Fluids Functional Protein(ER)
Protein into vesicles for
60-70% of body weight is water called Total Boday Water ( TBW) secretion in GA
Female & Obese have less water due to more body fat (GA  lipid & steroid Synthesis)
TBW Exocytosis
ICF (2/3) ECF(1/3)

ECF Mitochondria
Plasma(25%) Interstetial Fluid(75%) * Power House
-Fluid in vessels or - Fluid Btw cells and vessels * ATP production ( Oxidative phosphorylation )
-Blood minus cells - also called Tissue Fluid
- from the Lymph

The composition of the plasma and the interstitial fluid is

SAME : Na+ , K+ , Cl- , Glucose , pH . etc.
Except : plasma contains plasma protein Albumin , Globulin

Plasma :3L
ECF : 12L (plasma x 4)
ICF : 24L(ECF x 2)
TBW : 36L (ECF + ICF )
Body weight : TBW x100/60
Body weight = 60kg
CNS - EEG & Sleep ( 100% mcq )

EEG – Electro Encephalo Graphy recording of electrical activity of

Brain.
EEG waves ( Berger’s Waves )
Source: Electrical Fluctuations of Dendrites of cortical neurons .

Axon Hillock : Action potential / impulse produced here

Myelin : Cover ( Insulation )
EEG waves classified on the basis of Frequency .

Frequency = waves / sec (min )

Brain Activity ∝ Frequency

Sleep  Low Freq
Alert  High Freq

EEG WAVES
Awake Sleep

AWAKE
Alpha wave Beta Wave
- Eye closed - Eye open
- No disturbance (Silent - Sensory stimulation
room) - Active thinking ,
- Mind free & wandering working mind
- Freq : 8 - 13 Hz - 14 - 30 Hz

SLEEP
Light Sleep ( Theta wave) Deep Sleep ( Delta wave)
- Easily aroused - Difficult to aroused
- Freq : 4-7Hz - Freq : 0 – 3 Hz

Deep sleep Light sleep Awake Totally awake

Freq : 0-3 4-7 8-13 14-30
Amp: 20-200uv 10-20uv 50-100uv 5-10uv

Day : 0,3,7,14,28 post exposure Rabies Vaccination

EEG & ECG Paper speed 25mm/sec

>14 = Beta – EEG Desynchronization (or) Alpha Block
Intense Mental activity > 30Hz Gamma Waves

SLEEP CYCLE
REM NON REM
(memory formation , beta waves) ( theta and Delta )
1.Rapid eye movement sleep 1. NON REM
2. Also called as Active Mind Sleep 2. Also called as Inactive mind
3. Paradoxical sleep sleep
4. Produced by PontineTegmentum 3.Hypothallamus, medulla, etc.

New born : 80% 20%

Adult : 20% 80%

NREM : Stage I & II Light sleep (Theta)

NREM : Stage III & IV Deep sleep ( Delta)
REM Sleep Stage V ( Beta)