Math 180

Derivatives and Integrals

Basic Differentiation Rules

d d d
1.  cu   cu ' 2.  u  v  u '  v' 3.  uv  uv'  vu '
dx dx dx

4.
d  u  vu 'uv'
 5.
d
 c  0 6.
d
 
u n  nu n 1u '
dx  v  v2 dx dx

8. dx  u   u u '
d d u d
7.  x  1 9.  ln u   1  u '  u '
dx dx u u

10.
d u
dx
 
e  e u u' 11.
d u
dx
 
a  a u (ln a )u ' 12.
d
dx
 log a u   1  u '  u '
u (ln a ) u (ln a)
d d d
13.  sin u   (cos u ) u ' 14.  cos u   ( sin u ) u ' 15.  tan u   (sec 2 u ) u '
dx dx dx
16. 17. d
d
18.  cot u   ( csc 2 u ) u '
 csc u   ( csc u cot u ) u ' d  sec u   (sec u tan u ) u ' dx
dx dx
d u' d  u' d
19. dx  arcsin u   20. dx  arccos u   21.  arctan u   u ' 2
1 u 2
1 u2 dx 1 u

Basic Integration Rules

1.  k f  u  du  k  f  u  du 2.  [ f  u   g  u  ] du   f  u  du   g  u  du
3.  du  u  C 4.  k  du  k u  C
u n 1 1 du
5.  u du 
n

n 1
 C ; n  1 6.  u du   u
 ln u  C

e du  e u  C au
u
7. 1
 a du  a  C  C
u u
8.
ln a ln a
9.  sin u du   cos u  C 10.  cos u du  sin u  C
11.  tan u du   ln cos u  C 12.  cot u du  ln sin u  C
13.  csc u du   ln csc u  cot u C 14.  sec u du  ln sec u  tan u  C
 sec u du  tan u  C 16.  csc u du   cot u  C
2 2
15.
17.  sec u tan u du  sec u  C 18.  csc u cot u du   csc u  C
du 1 u du u
19. a 2
u 2
 arctan  C
a a
20.  a u
2 2
 arcsin
a
C
Integration by Parts: Arc Length:
b

 1   f ' ( x)  dx
2
 u dv  uv   v du S
a
 Math 190 Formula Sheet

Powers of the Trig Functions:

1) Integrals of the form:  sin x cos x dx m or n odd
m n

Strategy: If m is odd, save a sine factor and convert to cosine

If n is odd, save a cosine factor and convert to sine

2) Integrals of the form:  sin x cos x dx m and n even and non-negative

m n

Strategy: use ½ angle identities:

1  cos(2 x) 1  cos(2 x)
cos 2 x  ; sin x 
2

2 2

3) Integrals of the form:  sec x tan x dx ; if m is even

m n

Strategy: Save a sec 2 x and convert to tangent

4) Integrals of the form:  sec x tan x dx ; if n is odd

m n

Strategy: Save a secx tanx and convert to secant

5)  tan x dx n any positive integer

n

Strategy: convert a tan2 x to sec2x-1 and distribute; repeat if necessary

6)  sec x dx ; m is odd
m

Strategy: Integrate by parts

*** If all else fails convert everything to sines and cosines

Trigonometric Substitution:
Form Trig Sub Identity
a x
2 2 x  a tan  1  tan 2   sec 2 
a2  x2 x  a sin  1  sin 2   cos 2 
x2  a2 x  a sec  sec 2   1  tan 2 

Trigonometric Identities:
1
sin 2 x  cos 2 x  1 cot x  sin 2 x  2 sin x cos x
tan x
1
sec 2 x  1  tan 2 x sec x  cos 2 x  cos 2 x  sin 2 x
cos x
1
csc 2 x  1  cot 2 x csc x 
sin x

Numerical Integration Approximations:

ba
TRAP(n)   f  x0   2 f  x1   2 f  x2   ...  2 f  xn1   f  xn  
2n
ba
SIMP(n)   f  x0   4 f  x1   2 f  x2   4 f  x3   ...  2 f  xn 2   4 f  xn 1   f  xn  
3n