Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems Vol. 7, No.

1, March 2018

Comparative Study Between NSVM and FSVM Strategy for

a DFIG-based Wind Turbine System Controlled by
Neuro-Second Order Sliding Mode
Habib Benbouhenni
Laboratoire d’Automatique et d’Analyse des Systèmes (LAAS), Departement de Génie Électrique, Ecole Nationale Polytechnique
d’Oran Maurice Audin, Oran, Algeria.
Email: habib0264@gmail.com

Received: November 2017 Revised: January 2018 Accepted: February 2018

ABSTRACT
In this article, we present a comparative study between fuzzy space vector modulation (FSVM) and neural space
vector modulation (NSVM) inverter in neuro-second order sliding mode control (NSOSMC) of stator reactive power
and stator active power command of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbine system (WTS). The
effectiveness and viability of the NSVM and FSVM strategy are established by simulation results. The stator active
power, stator reactive power, electromagnetic torque and stator current are resolute and compared in the underneath
techniques. The obtained results showed that, the proposed NSOSMC with FSVM inverter have electromagnetic
torque, stator reactive and stator active powers with low ripples and low stator current harmonic distortion than NSVM
inverter.

KEYWORDS: DFIG, FSVM, NSVM, NSOSMC, Power Ripples, Wind Turbine.

1. INTRODUCTION need precise values of machine parameters and rotor

The most essential advantages of the space vector
modulation (SVM) as compared with conventional
pulse width modulation (PWM) are the improved the
total harmonic distortion (THD) of output electrical
energy and increasing the DC bus utilization [1].
Various modulation strategies have been proposed for
studying the behavior of AC machines. The PWM
strategy [2]. Third Harmonic Injection PWM method
[3, 4]. Selective Harmonic Elimination Strategy
(SHEPWM) technique [5]. Inverted Sine Carrier Pulse
Width Modulation (ISCPWM) method [6].
Discontinuous Pulse Width Modulation (DPWM)
command technique [7]. In this article, we propose two
new modulation techniques of SVM inverter based on
fuzzy logic and neural networks (FSVM and NSVM).
However, the FSVM and NSVM technique is simple
command scheme, easy to implement and give
minimum THD value of rotor current compared with
the traditional PWM strategy.
Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) has gained
its attractiveness in WT research part. The rotor of the
DFIG is associated to AC-DC-AC converter and the
stator is attached to the power grid [8]. In [9] the vector
command (VC) is the mainly popular command scheme
used in the DFIG-based WTS. However, the VC
command or field oriented command (FOC) technique
speed [10]. On the other hand, the another approches to
FOC command scheme such as a direct self command
(DSC) [11]. And a direct torque command (DTC) [12]
have been proposed for induction motor. Similar to the
DTC command, a direct power command of DFIG
based WTSs has anticipated in [13, 14]. In [15], the
author has proposed a strong command for DFIG with
using a SVM inverter, for improve the quality of stator
active and stator reactive powers and in [16] a fuzzy
sliding mode command (FSMC) of a DFIG with using a
PWM inverter. In [17] and [18], the authors proposed
an intelligent command with neural networks (NN) and
fuzzy logic (FL) controller to command the stator
reactive and stator active power of a DFIG based
WTSs. In [19], a backstepping command was projected
to command stator active and stator reactive powers of
a DFIG machines.
In this work, we apply the neuro-second order
sliding mode control (NSOSMC) method to the wind
power translation system of DFIG using the two-level
FSVM inverter and compared with the NSVM inverter.
SVM technique with intelligent techniques
SVM method is generally urbanized as vector
approach to PWM technique for three-phase inverter.
The disadvantage of the SVM strategy is obtainable in

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Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems
[20]. The details about this strategy can be established
in [21-23]. In this section, we propose new modulation
strategies based on NN controller and FL regulator to
Fig. 1. Simulation block of proposed SVM technique.
The proposed SVM technique of a DFIG based
WTS is shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Block diagram of SVM strategy.
Fig. 3. SVM method with ANN controller.
The artificial neural network (ANN) has different
models, but the standard model is the multilayer feed
forward net work using the error back propagation
algorithm [24]. However, the ANN regulator contains
three layers: input layers, hidden layers and output
layers. On the other hand, the number of the neurons in
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Vol. 7, No. 1, March 2018
get better the performances of DFIG machine. Fig. 1
shows SVM system of the two-level inverter of a DFIG
based wind turbine.
1.1. NSVM Technique
In this section, the intelligent method has based on
NN controller which was used to replace the
conventional hysteresis controllers by the NN
controllers to order decrease powers ripples and give
more minimum harmonic distortion of rotor current.
The SVM strategy based on NN controller (NSVM) for
a DFIG system which is illustrated in Fig. 3.
the output and input layers depends on the number of
the selected output and input variables. This method
based on ANN has the advantage of simplicity and easy
implementation. The construction of the ANN regulator
to realize the SVM strategy applied to DFIG machine
adequately was a NN controllers with one linear input
Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems Vol. 7, No. 1, March 2018

node, 8 neurons in the hidden layer, and one neurone in The convergence of the network in summer
the output layer, as shown in Fig. 4. The construction obtained by using the value of the parameters grouped
of Layer 1 and layer 2 is shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 in the Table 1.
respectively.
Table 1. Parameters of the LM for switching table
Parameters of the LM Values
Number of hidden layer 08
TrainParam.Lr 0.002
TrainParam.show 50
TrainParam.eposh 1000
Coeff of acceleration of 0.9
convergence (mc)
Fig. 4. Neural network structure for SVM inverter. TrainParam.goal 0
TrainParam.mu 0.9
Functions of activation Tensing, Purling,
gensim
0 W

p{1} Delays 1 IW{1,1} + 1.2. FSVM technique

The theory of fuzzy space vector modulation
b netsum tansig a{1}
(FSVM) method is similar to traditional SVM inverter.
b{1}
However, the hysteresis controllers are replaced by FL
regulators. This modulation method based on FL
Fig. 5. Architecture of Layer 1.
organization has advantage of reduce the harmonic
distortion of rotor current, stator current and reduce the
0 W
a{1} powers ripples. On the other hand, The FSVM method
Delays 1 LW{2,1} + is simple modulation and easy to implement. The
b netsum purelin a{2} construction of FSVM inverter of DFIG machine is
b{2}
shown in Fig. 7.
Fig. 6. Architecture of Layer 2

Fig. 7. SVM method with Fuzzy logic controller.

The block diagram of FL regulators based

hysteresis controllers is shown in Fig. 8. The
membership function characterization for the input
changes “Error in hysteresis controllers” and “Change
in Error of hysteresis controllers” is given by Fig. 9.

Fig. 8. Fuzzy command of hysteresis controllers.

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Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems Vol. 7, No. 1, March 2018

Intput Membership function Output Membership function

NB NM NS E Z PS PM PB NB NM NS E Z PS PM PB
Membership

Membership
Degree of

Degree of
-10 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 10 -10 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 10

Fig. 9. Fuzzy sets and its memberships functions.

On the other hand, the FL rules are developed using  d

linguistic changes that are formulated in the form of Vds  R s I ds  ψ ds  ω s ψ qs
dt
« IF THEN » rules. The Table 2 shows this rules [25]. 
We use the following designations for membership V d
 R s I qs  ψ qs  ω s ψ ds
functions:  qs dt
NB: Negative Big NM: Negative Middle.  (1)
NS: Negative Small PB: Positive Big. V d
 R r I dr  ψ dr  ω r ψ qr
PM: Positive Middle EZ: Equal Zero.  dr dt
PS: Positive Small.  d
Table 2. Matrix of Inference Vqr  R r I qr  ψ qr  ω r ψ dr
e NB NM NS EZ PS PM PB  dt
∆e
NB NB NB NB NB NM NS EZ The rotor and stator flux can be expressed as:
NM NB NB NB NM NS EZ PS
NS NB NB NM NS EZ PS PM  ds  Ls I ds  MI dr
EZ NB NM NS EZ PS PM PB   Ls I qs  MI qr
PS NM NS EZ PS PM PB PB  qs
 (2)
 dr  Lr I dr  MI ds
PM NS EZ PS PM PB PB PB
PB EZ PS PM PB PB PB PB  qr  Lr I qr  MI qs

The Table 3 shows the parameters of FL controllers.
The stator reactive and stator active powers at the
Table 3. Parameters of FL regulators stator can be expressed as:
Fis type Mamdani
And method Min  3
Or method Max  Ps  2 (Vds I ds  Vqs I qs )
Implication Min  (3)
Aggregation Max Q  3 (V I  V I )
Defuzzification Centroid  s 2 qs ds ds qs

2. MODEL OF DFIG The electromagnetic torque is articulated as:

The conventional electrical equations of the DFIG
machine in the Park structure are written as follows
[26-28]: Te  pM ( Idr.Iqs  Iqr.Ids) (4)
d
Te  Tr  J   f  (5)
dt
3. ROBUST CONTROL OF THE DFIG
In this section, we propose two robust command of
the DFIG machine: second order sliding mode
command and neuro-second order sliding mode

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Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems Vol. 7, No. 1, March 2018

control. However, the sliding mode control (SMC) is
one of the most interesting nonlinear command
approaches [29, 30]. The SMC control theory was
proposed by Utkin in 1977 [31]. Sine the robustness is
the best advantage of the SMC command. On the other
hand, the disadvantage of SMC regulators is the
chattering effect. However, the SMC technique based
on the theory of variable structure systems (VSS).
Many paper proposed SMC method to command the
stator active and stator reactive powers of a DFIG-
based WTSs. In [32], the author proposes the design of
a robust SMC based on nonlinear modeling of variable
speed WTS.
Yahdou et al. In 2016 [33] used second order
sliding mode command to command stator active and
stator reactive powers of a dual-rotor WTS using a
matrix converter. Boudjema et al. In 2012 [34] used
robust command to command the DFIG machine. In
[35], the high order SMC method was proposed by
Levant.
3.1. Second order sliding mode control
The second order sliding mode control (SOSMC)
objective is to command the stator active and stator
reactive powers of the DFIG machine. The proposed
SOSMC, which is designed to command active and
reactive powers of the DFIG using FSVM inverter, is
shown in Fig. 10.

Grid

SSC Turbine

Qs_ref Vrd*
+- dq DC bus
F Sabc Gear box
S Wind
Qs SOSMC V
DFIG

Ps_ref M
+- RSC
abc
Vrq*

Ps

Fig. 10. SOSMC method block with FSVM inverter.

We select the error between the references and Where: α=-Vs.M/Ls

calculated stator powers as sliding mode surfaces, so If we define the A1 and A2 functions as follows.
we can write the next expression: .   M .V s  
    s . Lr . I dr  g
 A1  P s ref Lr 
R r . I qr g .w 
s 
 Sp   P s ref  P s     L
 Sq   Q  Q  (10)  A2   .    Rr . Idr  g.ws. . Lr . Iqr  
   s ref s
  Q s ref Lr 
 
With: Sp, Sq is the errors of the stator active power (13)
and stator reactive power respectively. Thus we have
The first order derivate of (10), gives:
  
.  .  Ps  .   V qr  A1 
 
S  P s  S p     . L r  (14)
.   
p ref
.  .  (11)
  Q   S q  V dr  A2 
 S q  Q s ref

s
  . L r 
Then we will have On driving the relationship of equation (14) yields:
   M .Vs     . 
.  .  Vqr  Rr . Iqr  g.ws. . Lr . Idr  g  ..    . 
 S p    ref Lr 
P s  Ls   S p     . L r V qr A1
  (15)
.     ..    .
 q  
S
.  V dr  R r . Idr  g .w s . . L r . Iqr  
 S q   . 
Q s ref Lr 
  . L r V dr A2 
(12)

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The SOSMC proposed based on the super twisting

algorithm known (ST) which is introduced by levant.
V dr  u1  u 2 (16)
Then it follows that:
 u1     1 sign( S q ) 
    0.5  (17)
u 2   1 S q sign( S q )
And:
V qr  w1  w2 (18)
Including:
 w1     2 sign( S p ) 
    0.5  (19)
 w2   2 S p sign ( S p )
b)
Fig. 11. Bloc diagram of the power command of the
To ensure the convergence of controllers in the DFIG by: a) SOSMC, b) NSOSMC
perpetuity of time constants and are selected to satisfy
the following inequality: The construction of the proposed neural regulators
  was a network with one linear input node, 8 neurons in
 i  i the hidden layer, and one neuron in the output layers.
 . Lr

 4  i ( i   i ) 4. SIMULATION RESULTS
 i  (20)
 ( i   i )( L r  ) 2
Simulations of NSOSMC were approved out under
 .

 Ai   i;i 1,2
Matlab/Simulink environment. The DFIG parameters
are specified in the Table. 3. The both command
strategies NSOSMC with NSVM inverter (NSOSMC-
3.2. Neuro-second order sliding mode control NSVM) and NSOSMC with FSVM inverter
(NSOSMC) (NSOSMC-FSVM) are simulated and compared in
NSOSMC is a hybrid improvement of SOSMC terms of reference tracking, stator current harmonics
technique and NN controller, where the sign function distortion, powers ripples, torque ripple and robustness
has been replaced by an ANN controller. In literature against DFIG parameter variations.
[36] the MLPN algorithm is the most popular
topologies used in the command. The proposed neuro- Table. 4. The DFIG parameters.
second order sliding mode control (NSOSMC), which Parameters Rated Value Unity
is designed to command the stator reactive and stator MW
P 1.5
active powers of the DFIG-based WTSs is shown in
Fig. 11. Vs 398 V
Fs 50 Hz
p 2
Rs 0.012 Ω
Rr 0.021 Ω
Ls 0.0137 H
Lr 0.0136 H
M 0.0135 H
J 1000 Kg m2
f 0.0024 Nm/s
a)

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4.1. Reference tracking test

Figs 12-14 shows the obtained simulation results for
tracking test of DFIG machine. As it’s shown by
Fig. 13, for the two proposed command schemes, the
electromagnetic torque, the stator reactive and stator
active powers tracks almost perfectly their references
values, but with better transient response time in the
case of the NSOSMC command with FSVM inverter.
Fig. 12 shows the harmonic spectrums of stator
current of the DFIG machine obtained using Fast
Fourier Transform (FFT) method for both proposed
commands schemes. It can be clear observed that the
THD is more and more reduced for FSOSMC with
FSVM inverter. Table 4 shows the comparative
analysis of the THD value of stator current for two
controls scheme.

Table 5. Comparative analysis of THD value

THD (%)
NSOSMC- NSOSMC- b) NSOSMC-FSVM
NSVM FSVM
Stator 0.11 0.09 Fig. 12. THD of one phase stator current for a DFIG
current (reference tracking test).

Fig. 14 shows the zoom in the electromagnetic

torque, stator active and stator reactive powers of the
NSOSMC control with FSVM inverter and NSOSMC
command with NSVM inverter. This figure shows that
the ripple of electromagnetic torque, stator reactive and
stator active powers in the NSOSMC control with
FSVM inverter has almost equal to zero.

a) NSOSMC-NSVM

Fig. 13. NSOSMC-NSVM and NSOSMC-FSVM

strategy responses (reference tracking test).

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Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems Vol. 7, No. 1, March 2018

a) NSOSMC-NSVM

Fig. 14 Zoom in the reactive, active powers, and torque

(reference tracking test).

4.2. Robustness test

In order to investigate the robustness of the
proposed controls schemes, the nominal value of the Rr
and Rs is multiplied by 2, the values of inductances Ls,
M, and Lr are multiplied by 0.5. Simulation results are
presented in Figs 15-19. As it’s shown by these
Figures, these variations present a clear effect on the
stator active, stator reactive powers, electromagnetic
torque and stator current curves and that the effect
appears more important for the NSOSMC control with
NSVM inverter (See Fig. 19).
Fig. 15 shows that the THD value of stator current
in the NSOSMC control with FSVM inverter has been
reduced considerably. Table 5 shows the comparative b) NSOSMC-FSVM
examination of THD value. Thus it can be concluded
that the proposed NSOSMC control with FSVM Fig. 15. THD of one phase stator current for a DFIG
inverter is more and more robust than the NSOSMC (robustness test).
control with NSVM inverter.

Table 6. Comparative analysis of THD value

THD (%)
FSOSMC-SVM FSOSMC-FSVM
Stator 0.16 0.09
current

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Majlesi Journal of Mechatronic Systems Vol. 7, No. 1, March 2018

Fig. 17. Zoom in the reactive, active powers, and

torque (robustness test).

5. CONCLUSION
In this article, we presented the NSOSMC control
of a DFIG based wind turbine system using FSVM and
NSVM inverter. Simulation results under
Matlab/Simulink environment illustrate how the
NSOSMC with FSVM inverter gives better responses
by reducing electromagnetic torque, stator active and
stator reactive powers ripples.

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